1ST PRESENTATION BASE QUANTITIES

Base quantities Symbol Base unit (Symbol)

Length Mass Time Temperature

Electric current

Luminuous intensity Amount of substance

L m t T i
I n

metre(m) kilogram(kg) Second(s) Kelvin(K) Ampere(A) Candela(cd) mole(mol)

satuan

Panjang suatu benda 10

Besar

Besaran turunan: besaran yang satuannya ditetapkan berdasarkan satuansatuan besaran pokok Example

Area = length x width m X m = m2 Volume = lengthXwidthXheight m X m X m = m3 Density = mass = kg = kg m-3 Volume m3 Speed = distance Time m/s=m s-2 velocity = displacement Time
Acceleration = change of velocity=m/s=m Time s s2

Force = mass X acceleration Kg X m/s2 = kg m/s2(N) Work = Force X displacement

m =Nm=J

Power = work = J time s Pressure = Force = N = Pa Area m2

Must be a space between two different units

Evaluation Write down the unit for each of the quantities defined below in terms of m, s, kg, K and A a. mass time b. mass area c. change in temperature mass d. current X time e. volume

time f. density volume g. change in speed time 1 meter = 103 milimeter = 103 mm
Not be any space between the prefix and the unit

Prefix for SI units Prefix Factor (m) (symbol)

Tera (T) Giga (G) Mega (M) Kilo (k) deci (d) Centi (c) mili (m) micro () nano(n) Pico (p)

1012 109 106 103 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12

1 mm = 10-3 m

1 Mm = 106 m 1 m = 10-6 m Evaluation 1. the density of water is 1 g/cm3. what is the density in kg/m3 2. the dimension of a box are 20 cm X 25 cm X 5 cm. calculate the volume of the box in: a. cm3 b. mm3 c. m3 3. Express the following quantities in their base units. Give your answers in standard form up to significant figures. a. density = 200 mg/cm3 b. speed = 45 m ns-1 c. work done = 700 kN X 28 Mm

Important Number Example 1. 145,789 2. 2,0006 3. 1000 6 AP 5 AP 1 AP 1X103 2 AP 1,0X103 3 AP 1,00X103 4 AP 1,000X103 4 AP 1 AP

4. 1,000 5. 0,006

Multiple and Devide (AP paling sedikit) 73,24 4 AP 4,52 X 3 AP 331,0448 331 (3 AP)

Addition and minus

(banyak angka dibelakang koma paling sedikit)

110,1 (1 angka dibelakang koma) 2,00 (2 angka dibelakang koma) 0,355+ (3 angka dibelakang koma) 112,455 112,5 (4 AP) Base quantities Length Mass Time Temperature
Electric current

Luminuous intensity Amount of substance

dimensi L M T I J N

Example Velocity= m = L = LT-1 s T

acceleration = m = L = LT-2 s 2 T2 Force = kg m = MLT-2 s2 Evaluation 1. isilah titik-titik di bawah ini a. 1 g = kg b. 1 Tm = .. mm c. 20 m/s = . Km/jam d. 1 N = dyne (gr cm/s) 2. Sebutkan banyak AP a. 0,0555 b. 2,3X10-7 c. 1,000001 3. calculate a. 15,34 X 2,9 b. 16,59 : 1,15 c. 987,9999 2,1 + 9,667

2nd PRESENTATION Scalars and Vectors Scalar a scalar is a physical quantity that has only magnitude. mass,time,length, themperature, density, distance, speed, power, energy are scalar quantities Vector a vector is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Displacement,velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, energy are examples of vector quantities

The sum of two vectors is also a vector known as the resultant. Addition of two vectors in the same direction F1=2 N F2=5 N

The resultant of the two forces F1=2 N and F2=5 N acting in the same direction is F, a force that acts in the direction of F1 and F2. F1=2 N F2=5 N

F=F1+F2 = 7 N

 Addition of two vectors in the opposite directions F1=12 N F2=4 N

The resultant of the two forces F1=12 N and F2=4 N which act in the opposite directions is F, a force that acts in the direction of the greater force among F1 and F2. F1=12 N

F=F1+F2 =(12-4) =8N

F2=4 N

 The addition of two vectors whose directions are not parallel to each other can be determined by graphical methods, either by: - drawing a triangle - drawing a parallelogram Triangle method b a b a R=a+b

Parallelogram method b a R=a+b

Evaluation Addition three vectors with triangle and parallelogram method a if a= 3 satuan, b= 4 satuan, c= 5 satuan Resultant of two vectors (if two vectors act an angle to each other) b
r

R=a+b a

Magnitude of resultant
R= a 2 +b 2 + 2ab cos

Direction of resultant

R b = sin sin r

Example Magnitude of resultant F2=4 N R F1=3 N direction of resultant

R F2 = 0 sin 90 sin R 5 4 = 1 sin R sin R = 4 5 R = 53 0
R= F1 + F2 2 + 2 F1 F2 cas
2

= 9 +16 +0 =5 N

Evaluation 1. Two forces F1=40 N and F2=30 N act on a point O at an angle of 600 to each other.

Determine the resultant force and direction.

2.

Two forces of 8 N and 6 N act on a point O at an angle of 300 to each other. Calculate the resultant force and direction

Vector component (if vector F act an angle of X(+) axis) Y Besar F = F +F Fy=F sin
2 2 X y

Arah

F X

tan =

Fy FX

Fx=F cos Example One force F=20 N act an angle 300 to X(+) axis. Calculate : a. FX

b. FY Evaluation F3 y F2 F1 F4 F1=20 F2=24 F3=20 F4=12 N, N, N, N, =00 =600 =1200 =2400 X

Calculate resultant force and direction MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH

X = ( X 0 X )

Mistar nst=1 mm 1 ketelitian= 2 nst = 0,5 mm

2 benda
X = ( 2,50 0,05 ) cm

Vernier Calipers nst=0,1 mm 1 ketelitian= 2 nst = 0,05 mm

3 cm 10 mm

Skala utama= 2,1 cm Skala nonius= 5x0,01 cm=0,05 cm 2,15 cm Measurement result:
X = ( 2,150 0,005 ) cm

Micrometer Screw Gauge nst=0,01 mm 1 ketelitian= 2 nst =0,005 mm

mm

30 25 mm 20

Skala utama= 3,5 mm Skalanonius=25x0,01mm=0,25mm 3,75 mm Measurement result:

X = ( 3,750 0,005 ) mm

Error in measurement 1. parallax error correct position Wrong position wrong position

2 benda

2.

end error (begin not from 0)

10 benda

11

zero error (vernier calipers) correct:

3.

10

Zero error: 1. 0

1 + 0,02

10

2. zero error/end error 0 1

- 0,02 0 10

Measurement result: Skala-zero error

2,15 cm 0,02 = 2,13 cm.(1) 2,15 cm (-0,02) = 2,17 cm(2)

3. Zero error (micrometer screw gauge) Correct:

5 0 45

Zero error 1.

5 0 45

- 0,01 mm
2. zero error/end error

5 0 45

+ 0,01 mm
Measurement result: Skala-zero error 3,75mm-(-0,01mm)=3,76 mm..(1) 3,75 mm-0,01 mm= 3,74 mm(2) Evaluation

What are the readings of vernier scales shown below. a.

5 6

the

10

b.
7 8

10

c.
9 10

10

What are the readings of the micrometer screw gauge scales shown below. a.

20 15 10

b.

20 15 10

c.

15 5 0