Experiment :4

Speed Measurement of DC Motor Using Various Sensors

(1) Magnetic Pick up (2) Hall effect sensor (3) Inductive sensor (4) Photo reflective method (5) Photo interruptive method

Span zero adjustment procedure

This is very critical to success of experiment. First set span potentiometer to near maximum (not maximum).Keep the motor at zero speed. Adjust zero potentiometer at approximately central position. Now adjust zero voltage (desired min volt) across out put socket using span adjust potentiometer. Increase the speed of motor using speed control potentiometer. Keep it at max. speed position (beyond 4000RPM). Set output to 2 V using span adjust potentiometer. Again set the motor to min speed. The output now will be set as before. If not adjust it by zero adjust potentiometer. Repeat the procedure twice or thrice to set the out put span. It has been observed that motor can reach speeds up to 4200 or 4400 RPM. In that case you will have to change the division factor to 2100 or 2200 to arrive at output voltage to be displayed within 0-2 V

1. Speed measurement by Magnetic pick up sensor Objective:

1. To understands the behavior of magnetic pick up. 2. To observe the magnetic pick up as motor speed sensor.

Equipment required: 1. Power supply 12 V 2. Voltmeter 2V 3. CRO 4. Panel no- MIT3 Procedure: 1) Connect 12 V supplies to the panel and short the terminals by patch chord for manual speed control of motor. 2) Select the magnetic pick up sensor by setting the selector switch at appropriate location. 3) Connect Voltmeter to the output terminals to monitor the speed. 4) Put Voltmeter switch at 2V. 5) When motor is not moving, adjust zero knob to bring knob to zero. 6) Now run the motor at maximum speed. Adjust span control knob to get a reading of 1.9 V (Vmax). 7) Repeat steps 5 and 6 two to three times. 8) Measure frequency of motor thru oscilloscope. Let this be f max. . 9) Max frequency of motor =Fmax= f max /8 . 10) Evaluate calibration constant K Vmax * K = Fmax K = Fmax/Vmax 11) Now fill up the following table. Observation: Motor volt RPM From using RPM from fosc/8 * 60 voltmeter =K * V * 60

Conclusion: 1. Magnetic picks up produces pulse whose rate can be measured to find out the motor speed. 2. Below the 600 RPM you can have difficulties with inductive magnetic type of pick up because they depend upon rate of change of flux cutting and at slow speed this is very low hence weak voltage is induced.

2. Speed measurement by Hall Effect Sensor Objective: Measurement of motor speed using Hall Effect sensor. Equipment required: 1. power supply 12 V 1. Voltmeter -2V digital /multi meter (DMM) 2. CRO 3. Panel no- MIT3 Procedure: 1) Connect 12 V supplies to the panel and short the terminals by patch chord for manual speed control of motor. 2) Select the magnetic pick up sensor by setting the selector switch at appropriate location. 3) Connect Voltmeter to the output terminals to monitor the speed. 4) Put Voltmeter switch at 2V. 5) When motor is not moving, adjust zero knob to bring knob to zero. 6) Now run the motor at maximum speed. Adjust span control knob to get a reading of 1.9 V (Vmax). 7) Repeat steps 5 and 6 two to three times. 8) Measure frequency of motor thru oscilloscope. Let this be f max. . 9) Max frequency of motor =Fmax= f max /8. 10) Evaluate calibration constant K Vmax * K = Fmax K = Fmax/Vmax 11) Now fill up the following table. Observation: Motor volt RPM From using RPM from fosc/8 * 60 voltmeter =K * V * 60

Conclusion: Hall Effect switch is found to be use full for speed measurement of motor with the help of magnetic, mechanical arrangement of set up. Hall Effect switch respond each time of magnetic field interruption by teeth of wheel.

3. Inductance method of speed measurement Objective: To study and test motor speed measurement using inductance. Equipment required: 1. DC power supply 12 V 2. Voltmeter 2Vdigitlal voltmeter multi meter (DMM) 3. CRO 4. Panel no- MIT3 Procedure: 1) Connect 12 V supplies to the panel and short the terminals by patch chord for manual speed control of motor. 2) Select the magnetic pick up sensor by setting the selector switch at appropriate location. 3) Connect Voltmeter to the output terminals to monitor the speed. 4) Put Voltmeter switch at 2V. 5) When motor is not moving, adjust zero knob to bring knob to zero. 6) Now run the motor at maximum speed. Adjust span control knob to get a reading of 1.9 V (Vmax). 7) Repeat steps 5 and 6 two to three times. 8) Measure frequency of motor thru oscilloscope. Let this be f max. . 9) Max frequency of motor =Fmax= f max /8 . 10) Evaluate calibration constant K Vmax * K = Fmax K = Fmax/Vmax 11) Now fill up the following table. Motor volt RPM From using RPM from fosc/8 * 60 voltmeter =K * V * 60

Conclusion: Inductance placed in changing magnetic field can be used for measurement of speed.

4. Speed measurement by Photo reflector sensor Objective: To measure motor speed using photo reflector sensor method. Equipment required: 1. DC power supply 12 V 2. Voltmeter 2V/20V (DMM) 3. CRO 4. Panel no- MIT3 Procedure: 1) Connect 12 V supplies to the panel and short the terminals by patch chord for manual speed control of motor. 2) Select the magnetic pick up sensor by setting the selector switch at appropriate location. 3) Connect Voltmeter to the output terminals to monitor the speed. 4) Put Voltmeter switch at 2V. 5) When motor is not moving, adjust zero knob to bring knob to zero. 6) Now run the motor at maximum speed. Adjust span control knob to get a reading of 1.9 V (Vmax). 7) Repeat steps 5 and 6 two to three times. 8) Measure frequency of motor thru oscilloscope. Let this be f max. . 9) Max frequency of motor =Fmax= f max /8 . 10) Evaluate calibration constant K Vmax * K = Fmax K = Fmax/Vmax 11) Now fill up the following table. Observation: Motor volt RPM From using RPM from fosc/8 * 60 voltmeter =K * V * 60

Conclusion: Photo reflective method is useful in measurement of motor speed.

5. Speed measurement by Photo Interruptive Method Objective: To measure motor speed using photo interruptive method. Equipment required: 1. DC power supply 12 V 2. Voltmeter 2V/20V (DMM) 3. CRO 4. Panel no- MIT3 Procedure: 1) Connect 12 V supplies to the panel and short the terminals by patch chord for manual speed control of motor. 2) Select the magnetic pick up sensor by setting the selector switch at appropriate location. 3) Connect Voltmeter to the output terminals to monitor the speed. 4) Put Voltmeter switch at 2V. 5) When motor is not moving, adjust zero knob to bring knob to zero. 6) Now run the motor at maximum speed. Adjust span control knob to get a reading of 1.9 V (Vmax). 7) Repeat steps 5 and 6 two to three times. 8) Measure frequency of motor thru oscilloscope. Let this be f max. . 9) Max frequency of motor =Fmax= f max /8 . 10) Evaluate calibration constant K Vmax * K = Fmax K = Fmax/Vmax 11) Now fill up the following table. Observation: Motor volt RPM From using RPM from fosc/8 * 60 voltmeter =K * V * 60

Conclusion: Photo Interruptive phenomena can be used to measure motor speed.

6. Measurement of motor speed using stroboscopic method Objective: Measurement of motor speed using stroboscope Equipment required: 1. DC power supply 12 V 2. Voltmeter 2V/20V (DMM) 3. CRO 4. Panel no- MIT3 5. Procedure: 1) Connect 12 V supplies to the panel and short the terminals by patch chord for manual speed control of motor. 2) Select the magnetic pick up sensor by setting the selector switch at last location i.e. stroboscope. 3) Connect Voltmeter to the output terminals to monitor the speed. 4) Set span to just below the maximum. 5) Adjust motor speed at 600RPM using Max frequency of motor =Fmax= f max /8 where frequency of motor through oscilloscope is f max. (Here, Speed control potentiometer on panel set to 3V). 6) Set 10T pot for steady pattern and adjust voltage to .15 V with zero adjustment pot ,set full speed of motor adjust stroboscope flashing rate at sensor pulses (TP13) by 10T potentiometer on CRO steady pattern . 7) Now adjust o/p voltage 1.05 V repeat procedure at twice or thrice to confirm range adjustment assume that max RPM is 4200. 8) Now set span pot to get O/P voltage by = (f/2x60)/4000. 9) Now set any speed of motor and adjust the flashing rate of LED focused on slotted wheel of motor. 10) Start decreasing the LED flashing rate from maximum .One stage will occur where a steady pattern on rotating wheel be observed. 11) Note down the O/P voltage you may calculate the speed by measuring the frequency of stroboscope oscillator on CRO .convert this frequency into RPM by above formula. 12) Repeat the procedure for various motor speeds and note down corresponding o/p voltage and also observe oscillator frequency on CRO at TP 13 every time to calculate RPM. 13) Now fill up the following table. Observation SR Motor volt Freq. at TP13 F(Hz) Speed RPM =OP Volt x 4000

Conclusion: This experiment demonstrates the principle action of stroboscope for speed measurement .output voltage is in linear proportion with the calculated rpm of motor.