Hypothesis Testing- the down & dirty

Proportions tests

Means tests

2 tests

Regression test

1-prop

2-prop

diff.

1-sample

2-sample

diff.

(percents/ portion of something)

1-prop: has only (1) % 2-prop: 2 different %s diff: finding a difference between 2 props (becomes a 1-prop type)

(Means/ averages/ basic NUMBERS)

1-sample: has 1 mean or group given 2-sample: 2 diff. means/ groups (independent) Differences: finding the difference between 2 data sets(ex- before & after data; husband & wives heights)

goodness of fit
Compare counts to EXPECTED counts for fit

test for
independence

[Matrix]
Compare counts
to EXPECTED to determine relationship

Comparing bivariate Data

Ordered pairschecking to see if linear reln is plausible

1 sample

2 samples
Ho: 1= 2 Ha: 1 2 or < >

1 sample
Ho:=hyp. value Ha: hyp. value

2 samples
Ho: 1= 2 Ha: 1 or < >
2

Ho: = % Ha: % or < >

< >

Difference Ho: d= 0 Ha: d 0 < >

x

Homogeneity

Independence

Ho: there is
no difference

Ho: there is
no relationship

Ha: the pop %

are different

Ha: there is a
relationship

Ho: = 0 (no linear reln) Ha: 0 < >

z =

SRS (show) np 10 n(1-p) 10 Pop>10n

Both p1, p2 SRS n1p1 5; n2p2 5

p2) 5 n1(1-p1) ;n2(1-

Z-Test if you know !

SRS ~N (check w. normal prob. plot/ boxplot) n 30 (if 2 samples, check both!)

T-Test: all other !

SRS n<15~N, no skew/outliers n<30no clear outliers/ n 30ok! Independent Both SRS Ck. ea. sample for normalcy (see single) o.k. if ns 30 paired samples diff are SRS # differences in sample is large (nd 30)

Pop each>10n

SRS SRS All expected Skewed right All expected counts 1 counts 1 No more than 20% expected No more than Counts < 5 20% expected counts < 5 df= n-1

for all x, y varies ~N y = + x has a straight line relationship & are unknown same for all xs

df =(r-1)(c-1)

= .05 (unless given)

T
s
z=

p o

z=

p1

p2 1 +

= .05 (unless given) df= n-1 (1 sample) //given by calc for 2 sample
n2
1

= .05 (or given)

(O- E)2 E

= .05 (or given)

o (1 o )
n

p (1 p )

n1

t=

where p =

pooled success pooled samples

x o s n

t =

x1

x2
2 =

2 way table (O- E)2 E Use matrix to enter Obs & run test.

= .05 (or given)

s12 s22 + n1 n2

2 =

t=

b1 se sxx

t =
Viva Hathaway

xd 0 sd n
copyright- vhathaway2002

C
a

Is p<:

yes REJECT Ho

noDO NOT REJECT Ho

The actual values are/ are not different from expected There is/ is not a linear reln

In Words: Based on the p value of., There is (not) sufficient evidence

Viva Hathaway

copyright- vhathaway2002

Is the DATA summarized in the form of:

Averages/ Means? Yes No amount Percents (%) ? total Yes Proportion Checking Inference fit to sample . ?????
Inference Fit T-Test for Linear Regression: slope()
(Scatterplot relation)

No

Categorical Yes
(i.e. counts)

No

Bivariate? Yes
(ordered pairs)

Do you know ?

Yes

No

Z-Test

()

T-Test

()

Z-Test for Proportions ()

Binomials

()

Chi-Square Test(2)
(Counts)

Yes Same choices for Z as T. follow choices in dotted box

No

How many Samples?

One Two

How many Samples?

One Two

Test for independence?

Yes No

Go Back & Check!

Are the Samples Independent?

Yes No

Viva Hathaway

copyright- vhathaway2002