Chapter 7Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A photon of light has a frequency of 3.26 1015 hertz (hertz =1/s). What is its wavelength? The speed of light is 3.00 108 m/s. a. 1.09 107 nm b. 9.78 1014 nm c. 978 nm d. 109 nm e. 92.0 nm ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter

2. Light has a frequency of 7.21 1013 hertz. What is its wavelength? The speed of light is 3.00 108 m/s. a. 2.16 109 nm b. 2.40 105 nm c. 4.16 103 nm d. 2.40 104 nm e. 4.16 106 nm ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter

3. Light has a wavelength of 444 nm. What is its frequency? The speed of light is 3.00 108 m/s. a. 1.48 106 Hz b. 1.48 1015 Hz c. 1.48 102 Hz d. 6.76 1014 Hz e. 6.76 104 Hz ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter

4. Light has a wavelength of 582 nm. What is its frequency? The speed of light is 3.00 108 m/s. a. 1.75 1020 Hz b. 5.15 1014 Hz c. 1.94 1013 Hz d. 1.94 103 Hz e. 1.75 102 Hz ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter

5. Which of the following statements is/are correct? I. The frequency of light is the number of waves that pass a given point in a second. II. The shorter the wavelength of light, the greater its energy. III. The wavelength of light increases as the frequency increases. a. b. c. d. e. I only II only III only I and II II and III

ANS: D

PTS: 1

TOP: 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter

6. Arrange the following four electromagnetic spectral regions in order of decreasing energy. visible X-ray microwave radio a. microwave, radio, X-ray, visible b. microwave, visible, X-ray, radio c. radio, visible, X-ray, microwave d. X-ray, radio, visible, microwave e. X-ray, visible, microwave, radio ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.2 Planck's Quantum Theory

7. Which wavelength of light is the fastest? a. 418.6 nm b. 554.9 nm c. 626.1 nm d. 563.8 nm e. All have the same speed. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.2 Planck's Quantum Theory

8. What is the phenomenon that occurs when excited gaseous elements emit only a few colored lines? a. Planck's constant b. photoelectric effect c. line spectrum d. quantum theory e. electromagnetic spectrum ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.2 Planck's Quantum Theory

9. Which statement about light is true? a. It oscillates back and forth between wave and particle-like behavior. b. It exhibits both wave and particle-like behavior at the same time. c. It has neither wave nor particle-like behavior. d. It behaves as a particle only. e. It behaves as a wave only. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.2 Planck's Quantum Theory

10. Determine the energy of a photon that has a frequency of 5.23 1014 Hz. Given: h = 6.63 1034 J s. a. 1.27 1048 J b. 1.16 1027 J c. 3.47 1019 J d. 1.04 1010 J e. 7.87 1047 J ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.2 Planck's Quantum Theory

11. Determine the energy of a photon that has a wavelength of 488 nm. The speed of light is 3.00 108 m/s and h = 6.63 1034 J s. a. 1.63 1015 J b. 4.08 1019 J c. 9.71 1023 J d. 4.08 1028 J

e. 4.52 1036 J ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.2 Planck's Quantum Theory

12. What is a photon? a. light that comes from a cathode ray tube b. a high speed electron that gives off light when it strikes an object c. very high frequency light d. very long wavelength light e. a massless "particle" or bundle of energy that moves at the speed of light ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.2 Planck's Quantum Theory

13. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Bohr model of the atom? a. Orbits have any radii. b. An electron is restricted to specific energy levels around the nucleus. c. Each orbit has a discrete energy associated with it. d. An electron is located in an orbit around the nucleus. e. Orbits have a defined circumference. ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: 7.3 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom

14. According to the Bohr model for the hydrogen atom, the energy necessary to excite an electron from n = 2 to n = 3 is ________ the energy necessary to excite an electron from n = 3 to n = 4. a. equal to b. less than c. more than d. either less than or equal to e. either more than or equal to ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.3 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom

15. What is a major shortcoming of the Bohr model? a. It explains the spectral characteristics of hydrogen. b. It accounts for the existence of line spectra. c. It requires that the energy in the atom be quantized. d. It implies that a one electron system can have four colors of light in its line spectrum. e. It does not deal with multielectron atoms. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.3 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom

16. Which idea was proposed by Louis de Broglie? a. Electrons are located in orbits. b. Small particles, such as electrons, move in waves. c. Energy in the atom is quantized. d. Electrons have clockwise or counter-clockwise spins. e. Excited state orbits have higher energy than ground state orbits. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.4 Beyond the Bohr Model: The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom 17. Which idea was proposed by Werner Heisenberg? a. Certain metals emit electrons when illuminated by light with low enough wavelength. b. Light waves passing through a diffraction parting produce a diffraction pattern. c. Light waves have particle properties, and particles of matter have wave-like properties. d. Photons used to determine the location of electrons have no measurable effect on

electrons. e. Simultaneously determining the exact momentum and exact position of an electron is impossible. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.4 Beyond the Bohr Model: The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom 18. Which statement regarding an orbital is false? a. An orbital is three dimensional. b. Only one electron is allowed per orbital. c. An electron shell consists of a collection of orbitals with the same principal quantum number. d. An orbital may be designated with the letters s, p, d, f. e. An orbital boundary surface would need to be infinitely large to guarantee that an electron would always be found inside the orbital. ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 19. Match the names of the four quantum numbers with their symbols. Orbital magnetic principal spin a. n, l, ml, ms b. l, ms, n, ml c. ml, ms, l, n d. l, ml, n, ms e. ml, l, n, ms ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 20. Which word or phrase least applies to the quantum number represented by the symbol n? a. shell b. size c. principal d. distance from nucleus e. shape ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 21. Which word or phrase least applies to the quantum number represented by the symbol l? a. subshell b. s, p, d, f c. azimuthal d. orientation e. shape ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 23. Which azimuthal (orbital) quantum numbers can exist for n = 3? a. l = 0 b. l = 0, 1 c. l = 0, 1, 2 d. l = 0, 1, 2, 3

e. l = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 24. If l = 2, what value can ml have? a. ml = 0, +1, +2 b. ml = +1 c. ml = +2 d. ml = 2, 1, 0, +1, +2 e. ml = 1, 0, +1 ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 25. How many electrons can the third principal quantum level hold? a. 2 b. 8 c. 16 d. 18 e. 32 ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 26. How many orbitals are contained in the 4d subshell? a. 2 b. 5 c. 6 d. 10 e. 14 ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 27. How many electrons can be contained in the 2p subshell? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 6 ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 28. Which statement is true? a. The 3d orbitals have lower energy than the 2p orbitals. b. The 4p orbitals hold more electrons than the 3d orbitals. c. The 2p orbitals hold up to 6 electrons. d. Two electrons in the 1s orbital will have the same spin. e. The p orbitals occur in groups of 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 29. The d orbitals occur in groups of __________ and hold up to __________ electrons.

a. b. c. d. e.

3, 6 4, 8 5, 10 6, 12 7, 14

ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 30. Which set of quantum numbers is not allowed? a. n = 0, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +1/2 b. n = 1, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +1/2 c. n = 2, l = 1, ml = 1, ms = +1/2 d. n = 3, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = +1/2 e. n = 4, l = 3, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: 7.5 Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 31. Which type of atomic orbital has two lobes of electron density? a. s b. p c. d d. s and p e. p and d ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.6 Shapes of Atomic Orbitals

32. What is the correct electron configuration for beryllium (Be)? a. 1s22s2 b. 1s22s22p1 c. 1s22s22p2 d. 1s22s22p4 e. 1s22s22p6 ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: 7.7 Atom Electron Configurations

33. What is the correct electron configuration for aluminum? a. 1s22s1 b. 1s22s22p43s23p3 c. 1s22s22p63s23p1 d. 1s22s22p23s23p23d24s1 e. 1s22s22p23s23p24s25s1 ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.7 Atom Electron Configurations

34. What is the correct electron configuration for gallium? a. 1s22s22p63s23p1 b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p1 c. 1s22s22p63s23p64s24d104p1 d. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1 e. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104p3 ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 7.7 Atom Electron Configurations

35. Give the element that has the electron configuration:

a. b. c. d. e.

1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2 In Pd Fe Ni Sr PTS: 1 TOP: 7.7 Atom Electron Configurations

ANS: E

36. Which of the following corresponds to the electron configuration of a noble gas? a. 1s22s2 b. 1s22s22p4 c. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p2 d. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3 e. 1s22s22p63s23p6 ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.7 Atom Electron Configurations

37. What is the correct shorthand notation for the electron configuration given? 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s2 a. [Ar]5s2 b. [Ar]3s23p63d104p65s2 c. [Ca]3d104p65s2 d. [Kr]5s2 e. [Rb]5s1 ANS: D PTS: 1 TOP: 7.7 Atom Electron Configurations

38. What is the electron configuration of arsenide ion, As3? a. 1s22s22p63s23p63d10 b. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2 c. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6 d. 1s22s22p63s23p64s24d10 e. 1s22s22p63s23p64s24d104p6 ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.8 Ion Electron Configurations

39. What is the electron configuration of O2? a. 1s22s22p5 b. 1s22s22p6 c. 1s22s22p4 d. 1s22s22p2 e. 1s22s22p3 ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.8 Ion Electron Configurations

40. What is the electron configuration of Li+? a. 1s1 b. 1s2 c. 1s22s1 d. 1s22s2 e. 1s22s22p1 ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.8 Ion Electron Configurations

41. What is the electron configuration of Al3+?

a. b. c. d. e.

1s22s22p5 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p2 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p63s23p1 PTS: 1 TOP: 7.8 Ion Electron Configurations

ANS: D

42. Which one of the following does not have the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p6? a. Ar b. Br c. Ca2+ d. Cl e. K+ ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.8 Ion Electron Configurations

43. Substances that have the same electron configuration are: a. paramagnetic. b. diamagnetic. c. ferromagnetic. d. lanthanides. e. isoelectronic. ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.8 Ion Electron Configurations

44. Arrange the elements given in order from largest to smallest atomic radii. K Ne Ar Na P a. Ar > K > Na > Ne >P b. K > Ar > P > Na > Ne c. Ar > P > Na > Ne > K d. Ne > Ar > P > Na > K e. K > Na > P > Ar > Ne ANS: E PTS: 1 TOP: 7.9 Periodic Trends: Atomic Radii

45. Which of the following has the largest ionic radius? a. Na+ b. F c. P3 d. K+ e. Cl ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.10 Periodic Trends: Ionic Radii

46. Which statement is false? a. Br is larger than Kr. b. Cl is smaller than S2. c. K+ is smaller than Ar. d. Mg2+ is smaller than Ca2+. e. N3 is larger than Ne. ANS: C PTS: 1 TOP: 7.10 Periodic Trends: Ionic Radii

47. Which element has the largest first ionization energy? a. Be b. Ca c. Mg d. Sr e. Ba ANS: A PTS: 1 TOP: 7.11 Periodic Trends: Ionization Energies

48. Arrange the following in order of increasing ionization energy. Ar Cl Li Na P a. P < Cl < Ar < Li < Na b. Na < Li < P < Cl < Ar c. Ar < Cl < Na < Li < P d. Cl < Ar < Na < Li < P e. P < Cl < Ar < Na < Li ANS: B PTS: 1 TOP: 7.11 Periodic Trends: Ionization Energies