CHAPTER 1 The Problem as Its Background

Background of the Study Technology as it is used in healthcare is defined as applied knowledge, in other words; any intervention used in health promotion, prevention, and rehabilitation. Technologies may include vaccines, pharmaceuticals, devices, support systems, procedures and the organizations within which health is protected and maintained. Advances in technology have changed health outcomes over time. One of these are the development of devices that help in providing care to patient. For example in the treatment of pre-term babies for which very little could be done in 1950, but by 1990 changes in technology including special ventilators, artificial pulmonary surfactant to help infant lungs develop and neonatal intensive care and also the use of GAMMA knife in treating tumor with the use of laser instead of surgical incision Another one is the use of Pap smear in cancer screening, it is a cytologic screening test since the late 1940s. At present, the use of AutoPap Sytem in rescreening of negative Papsmears can review a cytopathologic specimen without human input. Through these it improved the sensitivity and specificity of the test. (Mark H. Stoler, 1999). Lastly, the acupuncture needles, a traditional and most routinely used tool for physical stimulation but because of its painful effect the use of laser acupuncture is suggested. It uses low energy laser beam to substitute acupuncture needles. It is non-invasive, quick, absolutely painless, safe and provide fast clinical result. Technology may have advantages and disadvantages to health care. First, technology may serve as an alert system in making possible quick response like the physiological markers that can indicate critical events especially in the ICU department, according to the New York-

Presbyterian Team. Second, it can reduce errors, complications and lessen the burden. Third, technology can help health care team members in diagnosing diseases and for the treatment of the diagnosed diseases. Fourth, it can lessen time consumed in the delivery of care. Fifth, it can help in monitoring the progress of the patient. Lastly, It can provide health improvements, and extend life expectancy and decreases morbidity. On the other hand, Technology can be more expensive that would be beyond the reach of many people. Second, it would give inaccurate results. Third, not all technology is available in all hospitals including the primary and secondary hospitals. Fourth, it has prolonged exposure to radiation. Lastly, the health care team becomes dependent through these technologies rather providing them with their optimal and quality of care. Almost any discussion related to improving healthcare, whether it implicates reducing costs or improving patient safety and satisfaction, usually has technology as a core component. Technology, in and of itself, will not solve the problem, but used appropriately will contribute to the transformation of healthcare and improve patient or clients satisfaction, as it has in many other industries. The study is significant because it can determine the effects of integration of technology in the delivery of health care among tertiary private hospitals. The study can also increase awareness of its advantages and disadvantages of technology in health care.

Theoretical Framework Theory brings organization to the variables of interest and the concepts reflected in a study. It provides a guide for developing a study and allows the findings to be placed in a large body of knowledge. Therefore, a theoretical perspective increases the scientific value of a studys findings and is used in a research framework as a context for a study. The researcher selected Lydia Halls theory, The 3Cs of Lydia Hall: Care, Cure and Core. The theory contains of three independent but interconnected circlesthe core, the care and the cure. The CORE is the person or patient to whom nursing care is directed and needed. The core has goals set by himself and not by any other person. The CURE, on the other hand is the attention given to patients by the medical professionals. The model explains that the cure circle is shared by the nurse with other health professionals. These are the interventions or actions geared on treating or curing the patient from whatever illness or disease he may be suffering from. The care circle explains the role of nurses, and focused on performing that noble task of nurturing the patients, meaning the component of this model is the motherly care provided by nurses, which may include limited to provision of comfort measures, provision of patient teaching activities and helping the patient meet their needs where help is needed. It is easy to understand from the model that in all of the circles of the model, the nurse is always presents the bigger role she takes belongs to the care circle where she acts a professional in helping the patient meet his needs and attain a sense of balance.

Conceptual Paradigm

Input

Process

Output

1. the demographic profile of the respondents: a. Healtchcare team members: - Age - Sex - Years of experience b. hospitals in terms of bed capacity 2. Different technologies that are utilized in the delivery of care to patients 3. The effects if integrating technology to the respondents in the delivery of care. 4. The Advantages in disadvantages of technology in the delivery of care of health care team members among the hospitals.

1. Making a questionnaire. 2. Pilot study of a questionnaire. 3. Distribution of Questionnaire to selected respondents. 4. Research designing. 5. Gathering the Datum. 6. Collating the Datum gathered. 1. Presenting, analyzing and interpreting the Datum. 2. Summarizing, and Concluding the Datum.

FEEDBACK

Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the effects of the integration of technology in the delivery of Care to the selected hospitals in Batangas city. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following: 1.1 Health Care Team members 1.1.1 Age, 1.1.2 Sex, 1.1.3 Years of Experience

2. What are the different technologies utilized in the delivery of care to patient? 3. What are the effects of integrating technology in the delivery of care of the following: 3.1.1 Health Care Team members 3.1.1.1 Doctors, 3.1.1.2 Nurses, 3.1.1.3 Radiologist/ Radiology technician, 3.1.1.4 Medical technologist, 3.1.1.5 Nursing aides, 3.1.1.6 Midwives, Patients

3.1.2

4. What are the advantages of Integrating Technology in the delivery of care to: 4.1 Health Care Team Members 4.2 Patients 5. What are disadvantages of Integrating Technology in the delivery of care to: 5.1 Health Care Team Members 5.2 Patients

Hypothesis There are significant effects of integrating technology in the in the delivery of care to the selected hospitals in Batangas city.

Significance of the Study Tertiary private hospitals. The study discusses the effects of integrating technology in the delivery of care among the chosen tertiary hospitals. The hospital may increase the awareness of the importance of technology in delivery of health care, especially in securing patients s safety. The hospitals may also increase the level of confidence, especially in providing care to all. The proper and safe use of technology may enhance diagnosis and treatment of patients diseases. The hospital can disseminate the proper use of technology to ensure safety of client. Recipients of care. Patients will also benefit from the study because they will gain knowledge about the technology being used to them in rendering health. Moreover, the patients may feel more secured of their health because the technologies being used are advanced, and they will be informed immediately of the result of the diagnosis and treatment. Health care team. The doctors may gain increased level of confidence in rendering care to patients, especially in diagnosing and treating. Doctors, technician, nurses, and other health care team may able to increase the competitiveness because knowledge of using advanced technology in providing care is attained. Students. Students, specifically the nursing students, will benefit from this research.

Students may learn different advanced technologies on how it is being used and its purpose; thus, students may gather information and they become more competitive enough in their exposures and serve as preparation to become professional nurses. To future researchers. The study discusses the extent of the integration of technology in delivery of care. The future researchers may use the result of the study to expand the scope of the research. Future researchers may benefit from the study especially if it regards to how the technologies are being incorporated in the delivery of care.

Scope and Delimitation This study will focus on determining the effects of the integration of technology in the delivery of care in tertiary private hospitals especially in diagnostic and treatment care on patient. The Healthcare team members will be the doctors, nurses, Radiologist/ Radiology technician, Medical technologist, Nursing aides, and Midwives. To obtain information, the researcher will gather necessary information from the tertiary hospitals in Lemery, Batangas, and Batangas City. The researcher will identify common technologies used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease in different hospitals. The researcher will focus on the different departments of the hospitals which provide and utilizes technology like the laboratory, Radiology unit, operating room, intensive care unit, and wards.

Assumptions of the Study The following are the assumptions of the study: 1. That the common advantage of the use of technology in health care delivery in tertiary hospitals is high. 2. That the integration of technology to health care has advantages and disadvantages.

Definition of Terms Diagnosis. It means is to identify the cause of a disease or condition based on observations of symptoms and other signs. Extent. It refers to the degree over which something it can extends its uses in the delivery of care. Health Care. It refers to the treatment, and diagnosing of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical and allied health professions. Health Care Team. Refers to a group of individual or an organization that intends to deliver a care to the patient; As used in the study, it refers to, doctors, nurses, nursing aides, radiologists, and medical technologists. Hospital. This refers to the selected Tertiary Private Hospitals in Batangas. Procedure. It refers to an action or method in treating a patient with the use of technology. Technology. This rrefers to tools and machines that are used in the hospitals that used to diagnose and for treatment of the diseases. Treatment. It means to take care by means of procedures or applications that are intended to Relieve illness.