Phn 1

c s Mat lab

Chng 1:
Ci t matlab

1.1.Ci t chng trnh:

Qui trnh ci t Matlab cng tng t nh vic ci t cc chng trnh phn mm
khc, ch cn theo cc hng dn v b xung thm cc thng s cho ph hp.

1.1.1 Khi ng windows.
1.1.2 Do chng trnh c cu hnh theo Autorun nn khi gn da CD vo a th chng
trnh t hot ng, ca s n mng hin ln trong giy lt. Kch vo Next chuyn sang ca s
ci t k
tip.








1.1.3 Ca s th hai ch cc thng tin v bn quyn ca chng trnh. Kch Yes sang ca s
ci t k tip.





1.1.4 Trong ca s Costumer Information, nu cn thit nh tn h, cng ty. Nhp m kho
ca chng trnh vo khung Persnal license password. Kch tip Next.











1.1.5 Trong ca s select Matlab Components, kch xo nhng thnh phn khng cn thit s
dng trong chng trnh dnh thm dung lng trng. Mun kim tra dung lng ca
chng trnh , kch vo Disk space quan st.
1.1.6 Sau khi kch Next, mn hnh hin khung thng tin Setup v chng trnh bt u ci t.
1.1.7 Sau khi hon thnh Setup, mn hnh hin khung thoi Setup complete. Kch Finish kt
thc qui trnh ci t.
1.1.8 Sau khi kt thc ci t ca s k tip l Internet explorer. Kch Close v ca s nn
windows, biu tng t ng gn trong nn windows.

1.2. Khi ng v thot khi chng trnh
1.2.1 Khi ng MATLAB: Kch vo biu tng
Matlab trn mn hnh Windows hoc kch:
Start/ Programs/ Matlab/ Matlab 5.3, sau
hin ca s Matlab v ca s lnh ( MATLAB
Command Widowd )
Cng nh cc chng trnh chy trong mi
trng windows khc Matlab cng c nhng thnh phn giao din ca chng trnh.
- Dng trn cng l thanh tiu gm:
+ Tn tri l biu tng chng trnh. Khi kch vo biu tng ny Matlab hin menu x
cha cc lnh lin quan ti vic x l khung ca s chng trnh cng nh thot chng
trnh.
+ K biu tng l tn chng trnh cng vi ca s chng trnh. Tn cng l ba biu
tng c chc nng phong to, thu nh v thot chng trnh.
- Dng th hai l thanh trnh n gm cc menu chnh cha cc lnh lin quan n vic
to, x l, gn thuc tnh vo th.
- Dng th ba l thanh cng c cha cc hp cng c cha cc lnh nhanh.
- Phn chim gn chn mn hnh l ni nhp cc lnh .
- Cui cng l thanh tc v hin thng tin v tnh trng ang x l, thc hin i tng.
1.2.2 Thot khi MATLAB: T ca s Matlab command winwods nh lnh quit hoc kch
biu tng (X) nm ngay gc phi thanh tiu Matlab.


Chng 2
Cc lnh menu ca MATLAB

2.1 File

Kch vo File hin menu cha cc lnh lin quan n vic to
mi, qun l, gn thuc tnh cho i tng, th c






2.1.1 New: Hin menu cha ba ln to i tng mi

- M-file: Hin ca s Editor/
Debugger. y l mi trng
bn to vng nh sa i, g
ri cc tp tin chng trnh nh
M-file hoc MEX-file hoc cc
i tng no thc hin
cho mt nhin v no .
c th to c cc tp tin ny,
bn phi dng ngn ng lp trnh C hoc
FORTRAN
- Figure: y l mi trng ho bn
t v cc i tng hoc Matlab v cc
th theo hm lnh bn nhp t khung
ca s lnh ca MATLAB hoc hin th
c vi lnh Open t lnh ca Matlab.



- Model : Hin ca s Simulink
nm bn phi v ca s th vin
nm bn tri ban t chn m
thit k i tng.



2.1.2 Open : M tp tin th hoc
hnh nh trong ca s Figure s l.
- Trong ca s Matlab Command windows kch: File/ Open
- T khung thoi, kch chn tn tp tin cng th loi tp tin ( nu cn thit ) mun m v
kch OK.

2.1.3 Open Selection:
C chc nng m nhng i tng chn ring v lu thnh mt tp tin ring

2.1.4 Run Script : Chy mt chng trnh lu thnh
mt tp tin.
- Trong ca s Matlab Command windows kch:
File/ Run Script. Mn hnh xut hin khung thoi
Run Script.
- nh tn tp tin vo trong khung nhp lnh Run v
kch OK. tm kim cc tp tin lu
kch vo Browse.
- T khung thoi chn ngun cha v tn
tp tin cn m ri kch vo Open v
khung thoi Run Script vi ton b
ng dn cng tn tp tin mun m.
Kch OK.


2.1.4 Load Workspace: Ti tn tp tin . mat ln mn hnh.
- Trong ca s Matlab Command windows
kch: File/ Load Workspace. Mn hnh
xut hin khung thoi Load. Mat file.
- T khung thoi, kch chn tn tp tin v kch
Open.
Bn c th dng lnh Load Workspace
du nhp cc tp tin t nhng ngun cha khc nhau
bng cch cng trong khung thoi Load.mat file, kch vo mi tn ca Look in tm ngun
cha, chn tp tin mun du nhp.
Ghi ch : c th du nhp cc tp tin khc vo MTALAB, iu bt buc l cc tp tin
phi c son theo h m ASCII.

2.1.5 Save Workspace as : Lu cc ni dung
trong ca s lnh ca MATLAB theo workspace.
- Nhp cc lnh trong ca s lnh ca
MATLAB nh bnh thng.
- T menu File, chn Save Workspace as.
Mn hnh hin khung thoi Save Workspace
as.
- T khung thoi, nh tn tp tin mun lu ( nu cn thit chn ngun cha vi Save
in). Kch Save. Nn nh l tp tin ny c lu theo dng *.mat v cng l tp tin
chng trnh gc.

2.1.5 Show Workspace :
Hin ni dung ca tp tin workspace ln mn
hnh bng cch t menu File, chn Save Workspace.
Trong ca s Save Workspace s hin ni dung ca
tp tin Workspace ghi.


2.1.6 Show graphics proprty editor :
Hin ca s thay i thuc tnh mc nh
ca hnh nh p dng cho tt c cc hnh nh s
c thit k sau ny hoc ch ring theo tng
nhim v.
- T ca s lnh MATLAB kch : File/Show
graphics proprty editor. Mn hnh xut
hin ca s thng tin Show graphics proprty editor.
- Chn thuc tnh cn thay i v kch Close. Th d, thay i thuc tnh Echo t mc
nh l on thnh off
2.1.7 Show gui layout tool : Hin th danh mc cc biu tng cng c trong ca s Guide
Control Panel.

T ca s
ny, bn c th
thm cc biu
tng cng c t
to mi, gn biu
tng biu tng
cng c vo i
tng thc
hin nhanh bng cch kch chn biu tng trong khung biu tng Guide tool hin thng
tin v t y gn nhn cng nh cc thuc tnh khc cho cng c va chn v kch Apply.

2.1.8 Set path: Gn tp tin vo th mc bt k trong MATLAB.
- T menu File chn Set
Path. Mn hnh hin
ca s Path Browser.
Ca s ny lit k cc
danh sch cc ng
dn th mc nm trong
khung ca bn tri v
danh sch tn tp tin
nm bn phi.
- Chn tn ng dn th mc trong khung ca s Path v chn tn tp tin mun thay
i v tr cha trong khung ca s hoc nh trc tip vo khung nhp lnh Current
Directory.
- T menu File ca ca s Path Browser, chn Save lu nhnh thay i.
2.1.9 Preferenes: Hin khung thoi vi ba tu chn ngi s dng c th thay i tham s
cho ph hp nhim v.

- General: Hin khung thoi ngay khi kch chn lnh
Preferences t menu File ca khung ca s lnh
MATLAB. Kch chn cc loi tham s mun thay i
hoc gn thm v kch OK.




- Command Windows Font: Hin khung danh mc font cng thuc tnh ngi s
dng thay i phng mc nh thnh font qun thuc.










- Copy Options : Hin khung thng tin
ngi s dng tu chn nhng thnh phn i
tng mun sao chp.



2.1.9 Print Setup :

Hin khung thoi Print cng cc chc nng ph
lin quan n vic in.



2.1.10 Exit MATLAB ( Ctrl + Q ) :
Thot khi chng trnh MATLAB v li mn hnh nn h iu hnh windows.

2.2 Edits : Hin menu con cha cc lnh kin quan n vic x l cc
i tng.
2.2.1 Undo : Hu lnh thc hin trc . Sau khi chn lnh Undo
hu lnh, lnh s i thnh Redo ngi s dng khi phc nhng g
hu trc vi lnh Undo.
2.2.2 Cut ( Ctrl +X) : Ct i tng trong khung ca s lnh hin
hnhv sai dn vo v tr chn. i tng c ct c th l mt
cng thc, mt chui k t, hm lnh. .
- Chn i tng mun ct trong khung ca s lnh MATLAB v n Ctrl + C hoc chon
Copy t menu Edit. Th d cng thc.
- Chn v tr bt k dn tmv n Ctrl + V hoc Paste. i tng s c dn vo v
tr chn . Nn nh y ch l phin bn c sao chp v dn.
- Chn v tr thc s mun dn. Kch lnh Cut hoc n Ctrl +X, i tng va dn lc
trc s tm bin mt ti v tr hin hnh. n Ctrl + V dn.
2.2.3 Copy ( Ctrl + C) : Sao chp i tng trong khung ca s lnh MATLAB v sau dn
vo v tr chn. i tng c copy c th l mt cng thc, mt chui k t, hm lnh
.
- Chn i tng cn copy ti ca s lnh MATLAB v sau n Ctrl + V hoc Copy.
Th d , chn cnh thc.
- Chn v tr cn copy n v ns Ctrl + V.
2.2.4 Paste ( Ctrl + V) : Dn i tng c Cut hoc Copy vo v tr chn. Ngoi ra ,
bn cn c th dng lnh Paste ca MATLAB dn cc i tng khc vo MATLAB.
2.2.5 Clear : Xo i tng c chn trong khung ca s MATLAB.
2..2.6 Select Att : Chn toand b ni dung trong khung ca s lnh ca MATLAB.
2.2.7 Clear Session : Xo ton b ni dung ca ca s lnh MATLAB sau khi chn vi lnh
Select Att.
2.3 View : nh du chn hoc xo hin hay giu thanh cng c trong khung ca s lnh
MATLAB.
2.4 Window : Hin thng tin v s tp tin thc hin trong khung ca s lnh MATLAB.


Chng 3

Cc khi nim c bn

MATLAB ( Matrix laboratory) l1 phn mm ng dng chy trong trong mi trng
Windows. Dng m phng cc h thng iu khin di dng h phng trnh trng thi
hoc s cu trc. Thc hin cc php ton v x l ma trn, x l tn hiu cng nh x l
ho

3.1 Mt s phm chuyn dng v lnh thng dng :
- | hoc Ctrl + p : Gi li cc lnh thc hin trc .
- + hoc Ctrl +n : Gi li lnh va thc hin trc .
- hoc Ctrl + f : chuyn con tr sang bn phi 1 k t.
- hoc Ctrl + b: chuyn con tr sang tri mt k t.
- Du (;) kt thc mt dng lnh
- .nhy xung dng di
- Ctrl + A hoc Home : chuyn con tr v u dng.
- Ctrl + E hoc End: Chuyn con tr n cui dng.
- BackSpace: Xo k t bn tri con tr.
- Esc: xo dng lnh.
- Ctrl + K : Xo t v tr con tr n cui dng.
- Ctrl + C : Dng chng trnh ang thc hin.
- Clc : lnh xo mn hnh.
- Clf: Lnh xo mn hnh ho.
- Input: lnh nhp d liu vo t bn phm.
- Demo: lnh cho php xem cc chng trnh mu.
- Help: lnh cho php xem phn tr gip.
- Ctrl c: Dng chng trnh khi n b ri vo trng thi lp khng kt thc.
- Dng lnh di: Nu dng lnh di qu th dng . chuyn xung dng di.

3.2 Bin trong MATLAB
3.2.1Tn: L mt dy k t bao gm cc ch ci hay cc ch s hoc mt s k t c bit
dng ch tn ca bin hoc tn ca hm. Chng phi c bt u bng ch ci sau c
th l cc ch s hoc mt vi k t c bit. Chiu di ti a ca tn l 31 k t.
Bnh thng Matlab c s phn bit cc bin to bi ch ci thng v ch ci hoa. Cc
lnh ca Matlab ni chung thng s dng ch ci thng. Vic phn bit c th c b
qua nu chng ta thc hin lnh : >> casensen off
3.2.2 Mt s lnh vi bin:
- clear: lnh xo tt c cc bin c nh ngha trc trong chng trnh .
- clear bin1, bin 2... : xo cc bin c lit k trong cu lnh.
- Who: hin th cc bin c nh ngha trong chng trnh.
- Whos: hin th cc bin c nh ngha trong chng trnh cng vi cc thng
s v bin.
- Size ( tn bin c nh ngha ): cho bit kch c ca bin di dng ma trn
vi phn t th nht l s hng ca ma trn, phn t th 2 l s ct ca ma trn.
- Save: Lu gi cc bin vo mt File c tn l Matlab. mat.
- Load: Ti cc bin c lu d trong mt File a vo vng lm vic.
3.2.3 Mt s bin c nh ngha trc:
- ans: t ng gn tn ny cho kt qu ca mt php tnh m ta khng t tn.
VD >> [ 1 2] .
ans =
2
- pi
- realmax: a ra gi tr ca s ln nht m my tnh c th tnh ton c.
- realmin: a ra gi tr ca s nh nht m my tnh c th tnh ton c.

3.3 Cc php ton v hng:
3.3.1 Biu thc s hc:
Matlab c th thc hin tt c cc biu thc ton hc thng qua cc ton t sau:
+ php cng.
- Php tr.
* php nhn.
/ Php chia phi
\ php chia tri
^ php lu tha.
= gn mt gi tr no cho mt bin.
3.3.2 Th t u tin trong php ton s hc:
ngoc n.
lu tha
nhn, chia.
Cng ,tr.

3.3.3 Cc v d:
- V d 1: Gii phng trnh bc hai ax
2
+bx +c = 0
Ta bit cc nghim ca phng trnh ny c dng:
x =
a
ac b b
2
4
2


V Matlab l mt chng trnh tnh ton s nn chng ta phi xc nh cc gi tr a, b, c.
Du = c s dng gn gi tr ca a, b, c nh sau ( g phm Enter cui mi hng)
>>a = 2
a =
2
>>b = 5;
>>c = -3;
Du (;) cui dng th Matlab s khng hin th li gi tr va nhp.
>> x1= (-b + sqrt(b^2- 4*a*c))/(2*a)
x1 =
0.5000
>> x2= (-b - sqrt(b^2- 4*a*c))/(2*a)
x2 =
-3
- V d 2: Tnh gi tr ca a th.
>> a = x^3 -2*x^2 - 6;
>>b = x^2 + 5*x -7;
>>x=3;
>> w = a/b
w =
0.1765
3.4 S dng lnh t cc file lnh:
Nhng lnh ca Matlab c th c a vo mt file. Sau bn s hng dn Matlab
lm vic vi cc lnh . By gi, vi v d 1, chng ta s a ton b cc lnh trn vo mt
file ly tn l vidu.m. Tn ca file phi c bt u bng mt k t v phn m rng l .m.
Cc bc nh sau:
Bc 1: File / New/ M-file, Mi trng son tho Editor / Debugger s xut hin
Bc 2: Trn mn hnh son tho, ta g cc lnh ca Matlab.
a = 2;
b = 5;
c=-3;
x1= (-b + sqrt(b^2- 4*a*c))/(2*a)
x2= (-b - sqrt(b^2- 4*a*c))/(2*a)
Bc 3: Ghi li ni dung tp tin vi tn vidu.m ri thot khi mi trng son tho tr v
ca s lnh ( Matlab Command window.
Bc 4: Ti ca s lnh ta g tn tp tin.
>>vidu.m.
- Cc file *.m c 2 loi:
- Script file: l mt chng trnh con khng c gi tr tr v.
- Function file: l mt chng trnh con c gi tr tr v.
3.5 Dng nhc gn gi tr cc bin:
thay i cc gi tr a,b,c ta phi son tho li file vidu.m ri chy li. Ta sa li
chng trnh c dng nhc nhp a,.b,c vi cc ln chy chng trnh khc nhau.
Bc 1: File / New/ M-file, Mi trng son tho Editor / Debugger s xut hin
Bc 2:
a=input('nhap a= ');
b=input('nhap b= ');
c=input('nhap c= ');
x1= (-b + sqrt(b^2- 4*a*c))/(2*a)
x2= (-b - sqrt(b^2- 4*a*c))/(2*a)
Bc 3: Ghi li ni dung tp tin vi tn vidu.m.
Khi chy chng trnh ta thu c kt qu nh sau:
Bc 4: Ti ca s lnh ta g tn tp tin.
>>vidu .
nhap vao a= 1
nhap vao b= -2
nhap vao c= 5
x1 =
1.0000 + 2.0000i
x2 =
1.0000 2.0000i
Hai nghim ng vi cc gia tr a,b,c va nhp vo v l nghim o.
VD v Script file: Gii bi tp mch: cho mch in nh hnh v





Hy tnh dng trong mch v in p trn tng phn t .
Hy vo ca s son tho v trong ca s ny ta vit chng trnh nh sau:

R=input( 'nhap gia tri cho R = ')
C=input( 'nhap gia tri cho C = ')
L=input( 'nhap gia tri cho L = ')
U=input( 'nhap gia tri cho U = ')
ZL=2*50*pi*L*i
ZC=1/(2*50*pi*C*i)
Z=R+ZL+ZC
i= U/Z
UR=i*R
UL=i*ZL
UC=i*ZC
Sau khi vit xong chng trnh ta kch vo biu tng save trong ca s son tho v tn l
vd1.
Mun chy ta tr li ca s MATLAB command Window v t du nhc lnh:
>> vd1
nhap gia tri cho R = 1000
R = 1000
nhap gia tri cho C = 0.1
C = 0.1000
nhap gia tri cho L = 0.2
L = 0.2000
u
R L
C
nhap gia tri cho U = 220
U = 220
ZL = 0 +62.8319i
ZC = 0 - 0.0318i
Z = 1.0000e+003 +6.2800e+001i
i = 0.2191 - 0.0138i
UR = 2.1914e+002 -1.3762e+001i
UL = 0.8647 +13.7687i
UC = -0.0004 - 0.0070i

3.6 Cch to mt hm:
Mi mt file hm ca Matlab ( M - file) u c khai bo nh sau:
Function [ Tn kt qu] = tn hm (danh sch cc bin).
Phn thn ca chng trnh trong hm l cc lnh ca Matlab thc hin vic tnh ton gi tr
ca i lng c nu trong phn tn kt qu theo cc bin c nu tronhg phn danh sch
bin. Cc bin ch c tc dng ni trong hm va c khai bo Tn ca cc bin dc cch
nhau bnh du phy (,).
V d ta thnh lp hm i t sang radian:
function rad = change(do)
rad = do*pi/180; % doi do sang radian
Trong Matlab cc dng ghi ch sau du % khng c tc dng thc thi, chng n gin l
nhng dng nhc ngi c chng trnh d hiu m thi.
File.m thng ly tn l tn ca hm, ta t tn file hm va lp l change.m. Nu mun i
45
0
sang radian, ch cn g:
>>rad = change(45)
rad =
0.7854
V du: to hm gii phng trnh bc hai, tn tp tin c t l bachai.m.
function [x1,x2] = bachai(a,b,c)
delta = b^2-4*a*c;
x1 = (-b + sqrt(delta))/(2*a);
x2 = (-b - sqrt(delta))/(2*a);
>>[x1,x2]=bachai1(4,6,-7)
x1 =
0.77707
x2 =
-2.2707
3.7 V cc hm .
Khi mun v mt hm no ,
phi xc nh hm trong mt
file.m sau s dng lnh :
Fplot(tn hm,[khoange v])
V d v hm y = 4x
2
+6x-7 trong
on [-6, 6], ta lp file bachai1.m.

function y = bachai1(x)
a = 4;b = 6; c = -7;
y =a*x^2 + 6*x + c;
>>fplot(bachai1, [-6,6])
3.8 Lu v ly d liu:
Ta c th c th to lp mt file d liu, sau khi cn dng th ly ra. V d to lp mt
ma trn A:

2 . 3 2 . 3 3
2 . 2 1 . 2 2
2 . 1 1 . 1 1

Sau ta lu ma trn vo mt file c tn l dulieu1.
>>A = [1 1.1 1.2;2 2.1 2.2;3 3.2 3.2]
A =
1.0000 1.1000 1.2000
2.0000 2.1000 2.2000
3.0000 3.2000 3.2000
>>save dulieu1
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
-50
0
50
100
150
200
Th Bc Hai
Nh vy, ta c mt file d liu (file ny nm trong th mc work ca Matlab). Khi cn
s dng file d liu ny, ta ly nh sau:
>>load dlieu
Sau lnh load, ta c th ly d liu s dng:
>>A
A =
1.0000 1.1000 1.2000
2.0000 2.1000 2.2000
3.0000 3.2000 3.2000
3.9 s phc v cc php ton v s phc.
Matlab chp nhn s phc biu th bi hm c bit i v j, c hai l ton t v cc hm.
3.9.1 Biu din s phc:
Tn = Phn thc + phn o i hoc Tn = Phnthc + phn o j
Vid:
>> a = 3 +4i .
3.9.2 Cc php ton i vi s phc:
- cng, tr, nhn s phc:
C1= a1+b1i ; C2=a2+b2i
Cng : c1+c2
Tr : c1 - c2
Nhn: c1*c2
Chia: c1/c2
- Cc hm c bit:
real(x) : tm phn thc ca s phc x.
imag(x): tm phn o ca s phc x.
conj(x): tm s phc lin hp ca s phc x.
abs(x): Tm gi tr tuyt i ca s phc x ( ln )
angle(x): gc to bi gia trc thc v o.
V d:
>> a =3.0000 + 4.0000i
a =
3.0000 + 4.0000i
>> thuc=real(a);
>> ao=imag(a);
>> lienhop=conj(a);
>> dolon=abs(a);
>> goc =angle(a);

3.10 Cc php ton quan h v php ton logic
3.10.1 Cc php ton quan h:
Cc php ton quan h bao gm:
- Nh hn: <
- Nh hn hoc bng: <=
- Ln hn: >
- Ln hn hoc bng: >=
- Bng: ==
- Khng bng ( khc): ~=
Biu thc c cc ton t quan h nhn gia tr ng l (true) hoc sai (false). Trong Matlab,
biu thc ng s c gi tr l 1, biu thc sai c gia tr l 0.
V d1:
>>12.2>12
ans =
1
>>1~=1
ans =
0
>> A=[ 1:3;4:6;7:9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B=[1:3;2:4;10:12]
B =
1 2 3
2 3 4
10 11 12
>> A==B
ans =
1 1 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
V d 2:
Cho mt qu cu mng c khi lng l m = 2kg c buc vo mt si dy c chiu
di
l = 1.5m. Mt ngi nm vo u dyv quay trn qu cu theo phng thng ng.Vn tc
di ca qu cu v tr cao nht l v =6m/s. lc ko T trn si dy thay i theo gc nghing
ca dy vi phng nm ngang xc nh theo cng thc sau:

, ) sin 3 2
2
+ = mg
l
mv
T
Cho bit khi lc ko T> 145N th si dy b t . Hy xc nh nhng v tr dy b t.
Chng trnh nh sau:
function y = tinhluc(theta,T)
m=2;l=1.5;Tmax=145;v=6;g=9.8;
theta=0:10:360;
rad=pi*theta/180;
T=m*(v^2/l+g*(2-3*sin(rad)));
bang=[theta;T>Tmax]
plot(theta,T);
grid on
>>Tinhluc
bang =

v
Columns 1 through 12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Columns 13 through 24
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Columns 25 through 36
240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Column 37
360
0
T kt qu trn ta thy ti cc v tr ng vi cc gc 260
0,
, 270
0,
, 280
0,
th biu thc logic
T>Tmax c gi tr l 1, tc ti dy c th s b t.
3.10.2 Cc php ton logic
Cc php ton logic v, hoc, o c thc hin bi cc ton t sau:
- Php v( and): K hiu l &
VD: php & 2 ma trn cng c A, B l mt ma trn c cc phn t bng 1 nu cc phn t
tng ng ca c 2 ma trn u u khc 0 v bng 0 nu 1 trong 2 phn t tng ng ca 2
ma trn bng 0.
>>A=[1 2 7; 0 4 9;1 3 5];
>> B=[0 2 4; 2 4 6; 3 0 7]
>> C=A&B
C =
0 1 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
- Php hoc (or) : K hiul |
VD : php or 2 ma trn cng c A,B l mt ma trn c cc phn t bng 0 nu cc phn t
tng ng ca c 2 ma trn u u bng 0 v bng 1 nu 1 trong 2 phn t tng ng ca 2
ma trn khc 0.

>>A=[0 2 7; 0 4 9;1 3 0];
>> B=[0 2 4; 2 4 6; 3 0 0];
>> C=A | B
C =
0 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 0
- Php o( not): K hiu l ~
V D : php o ca mt ma trn l mt ma trn c cng c vi cc phn t c gi tr bng 1
nu cc phn t ca ma trn u c gi tr bng 0 v bng 0 nu cc phn t ca ma trn u c
gi tr khc 0.
>>A=[0 2 7; 0 4 9;1 3 0]
>> B=~A
B =
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 0 1
3.10.3 Cu trc cu lnh iu kin:
- Lnh if n:
C php: if <biu thc logic>
Nhm lnh;
End
Nu biu thc logic ng nhm lnh s c thc hin . Nu biu thc logic sai th chng
trnh chuyn n lnh sau end.
VD:
function y=f(a,b,c)
if a<b
disp(' hinh thang nguoc')
end
y=(a+b)*c/2;
Sau ghi tn l ht
Quay li ca s MatLab command Window:
>> ht(2,4,2)
hinh thang nguoc
ans =
6
- Cu trc lnh if lng nhau:
C php: if <biu thc logic1>
Nhm lnh 1;
if <biu thc logic 2>
Nhm lnh 2;
End
Nhm lnh 3;
End
Nhm lnh 4;
Nu biu thc logic 1 ng th
- Thc hin nhm lnh 1.
- Kim tra biu thc logic 2.
- Nu ng thc hin nhm lnh 2
- Nu sai b qua nhm lnh 2
- Thc hin nhm lnh 3.
Nu biu thc logic 1 sai th
- Thc hin nhm lnh 4.

- Lnh else:
C php: if <biu thc logic >
Nhm lnh A;
else
Nhm lnh B;
End
Nhm lnh A s c thc hin nu biu thc logic ng. Nu khng nhm lnh B s
c thc hin.
- Lnh elseif
C php: if <biu thc logic1 >
Nhm lnh A;
Elseif< BT logic 2>
Nhm lnh B;
Elseif< BT logic 3>
Nhm lnh C;
......
End
Nu BT logic 1 ng nhm lnh A s c thc hin. Nu sai kim tra Btlogic 2, nu
ng thc hin nhm lnh B. Nu sai kim tra BT logic3,nu ng thc hin nhm lnh
CNu khng c biu thc logic no ng th khng c lnh no trong cu trc trn c
thc hin.

- Kt hp cu trc elseif v else
C php: if <biu thc logic1 >
Nhm lnh A;
Elseif< BT logic 2>
Nhm lnh B;
Elseif< BT logic 3>
Nhm lnh C;
......
Else< BT logic n>
Nhm lnh n;
End
Nu BT logic 1 ng nhm lnh A s c thc hin. Nu sai kim tra Btlogic 2, nu ng
thc hin nhm lnh B. Nu sai kim tra BT logic3, nu ng thc hin nhm lnh CNu
khng c biu thc logic no ng th nhm lnh n c thc hin.
a=input(' vao a=')
b=input(' vao b=')
c=input(' vao c=')
d=b^2-4*a*c
if d < 0
disp(' pt vo nghiem')
elseif d==0
disp (' pt co nghiem kep')
x12=-b/2*a
else
disp (' pt co 2 nghiem phan biet')
x1=(-b+sqrt(d))/2*a
x2=(-b-sqrt(d))/2*a
end
- cu iu kin v lnh Break
c php: if< biu thc logic>,break, end
thot khi vng lp nu iu kin logic ng. Ngc li s thc hin lnh tip theo
trong vng lp.

3.10.4 Cu trc vng lp.
- vng lp for:
c php: for ch s = biu thc
nhm lnh A;
end
qui tc thc hin:
- Ch s ca vng lp phi l bin.
- Nu ma trn biu thc l rng th khng thc hin vng lp.
- Nu biu thc l mt i lng v hng vng lp thc hin 1 ln v ch s nhn gi tr
ca i lng v hng.
- Nu biu thc l mt vector hng, s ln lp bng s phn t trong vctor sau mi ln lp
ch s nhn gi tr tip theo ca vector.
- Nu biu thc l mt ma trn th s vng lp bng s ct ca ma trn sau mi vng lp ch
s s nhn gi tr ct tip theo ca ma trn
- Khi kt thc vng lp ch s nhn gi tr cui cng.
- C th dng ton t : trong vng lp for i = ch s u: gia s: ch s cui. V s vng lp
c tnh ceil((ch s cui-ch s u)/gia s+1)
n=input ('vao n=')
for k=n
s=1;
s=s+k
end
t tn l vd
>>vd
vao n=3
n =
3
s =
4
>>vd
vao n=[1 4 7]
n =
1 4 7
s =
2
s =
5
s =
8
>>vd
vao n=[1 2 5;5 7 8;9 5 6];
s =
2
6
10
s =
3
8
6
s =
6
9
7
- Vng lp While
C php: While < biu thc>
Nhm lnh A;
End
Nu biu thc ng th thc hin nhm lnh A. Khi thc hin xong th kim tra la iu kin.
Nu iu kin vn ng li thc hin nhm lnh A. Nu sai vng lp kt thc.
3.10.5 Cc lnh break, return, error:
Lnh break: kt thc s th thi vng lp for hoc while
Lnh return: thng c s dng trong cc hm ca Matlab. Lnh return s cho
php quay tr v thc thi nhng lnh nm trong tc dng ca lnh return.
Lnh error (dng nhn): kt thc thc thi lnh v hin th dng nhn trn mn hnh.
V d: Chn mt s dng bt k. Nu s l s chn th chia ht cho hai. Nu s
l s l th nhn vi 3 ri cng 1. Lp li qu trnh cho n khi kt qu l 1.
Chng trnh:
while 1
n=input ('Nhap vao mot so : ');
if n<=0
break
end
while n>1
if rem(n,2)== 0% phan du cua n chia cho 2
n=n/2
else
n= 3*n+1
end
end
end
Khi chy chng trnh ta s thy tc dng ca lnh break ( dng chng trnh khi nhp s
m hoc s 0)
3.10.6 Bin ton cc (global variables)
Matlab cho php s dng cng mt bin cho cc hm hoc gia cc hm v chng
trnh chnh ca Matlab, iu ny c thc hin thng qua vic khai bo bin ton cc:
Global tn1 tn2 tn3 .
(Tn cc hm cch nhau bng du khong trng, khng s dng du phy).
Vic khai bo bin ton cc phi c thc hin chng trnh chnh hoc file lnh
(script) hoc file hm ( function) c s dng cc bin. Bin ton cc c tc dng cho n khi
kt thc qu trnh tnh ton hoc khi ton b workspace c xo. Khng c a tn bin
ton cc vo danh sch cc i s ca hm. Khi s dng bin ton cc cc lnh sau t ra rt
cn thit:
- Clear glolal : Lnh ny cho php loi b cc bin ton cc.
- Isglobal(Tn bin) : Lnh ny cho php kim tra xem mt bin no c phi l bin
ton cc hay khng. Nu l bin ton cc th gi tr tr v s l 1.
3.10.7 Mt s hm ton hc:
Mc ny ch gii thiu mt s hm n gin v thng gp trong khi lp trnh:
- sin: hm sin
- cos: hm cos
- tan: hm tang
- asin: hm arcsin
- acos: hm arccos
- atan: hm arctang
- sinh: hm sin hyperbolic
- cosh: hm cos hyperbolic
- tanh: hm tang hyperbolic
- asinh: hm arcsin hyperbolic
- acosh: hm arccos hyperbolic
- atanh: hm arctang hyperbolic
- abs: Ly gi tr tuyt i hoc ln ca s phc
- round: lm trn n s nguyn gn nht
- fix: lm trn hng v khng
- floor: lm trn hng v -
- ceil : lm trn hng v +
- rem: phn d sau khi chia
- gcd: c s trung ln nht
- lcm: bi s trung nh nht
- exp: lu tha e
- log: logarit c s e
- log10: logarit c s 10
3.10.8 nh dng s:
Cc php tnh trong Matlab c thc hin vi chnh xc cao ta c th nh dng cho
cc s xut ra mn hnh tu theo yu cu c th:
Ta ly v d vi s 4/3
- format short ( y l ch mc nh ):
a = 1.3333
- format short e
a = 1.3333e + 000
- format long
a = 1.33333333333333
- format long e
a = 1.33333333333333e + 000
- format bank
a = 1.33
- format hex
a = 3ff5555555555555


chng 4
Ma trn - cc php ton v ma trn.

4.1 Khi nim:
- Trong MATLAB d liu a vo x l di dng ma trn.
- Ma trn A c n hng, m ct c gi l ma trn c n m. c k hiu A
n

m

- Phn t a
ij
ca ma trn A
n

m

l phn t nm hng th i, ct j .
- Ma trn n ( s n l ) l ma trn 1 hng 1 ct.
- Ma trn hng ( 1 m ) s liu c b tr trn mt hng.
a
11
a
12
a
13
... a
1m

- Ma trn ct ( n 1) s liu c b tr trn 1 ct.
a
11
a
21
a
31
.
.
a
n1
4.1.1 Cc qui nh nh ngha mt ma trn:

- Tn ma trn c th gm 31 k t. Bt u phi bng ch ci sau c th l s,
ch ci, cc k t c bit ... Tn t bn tri du bng , bn phi du bng l cc
phn t ca ma trn.
- Bao quanh cc phn t ca ma trn bng du ngoc vung.
- Cc phn t trong ma trn c cch nhau bi k t trng hoc du phy ( , ).
- Kt thc mt hng trong ma trn bi du ( ; ).

4.1.2 Cc cch nhp mt ma trn:
- Lit k trc tip:VD >> A =[1 2 3; 4 5 6 ; 7 8 9]
>> B =[1 2 3;
4 5 6 ;
7 8 9]
- Nhp thng qua lnh. Dng lnh input
>> input('Nhap gia tri cho ma tran C = ')
Nhap gia tri cho ma tran C = [1 3 4;4 5 7;7 5 8]
ans =
1 3 4
4 5 7
7 5 8
Ch khi kt thc mt cu lnh c th dng du (; ) hoc khng dng du ( ;).
- Nu dng du (;) cu lnh c thc hin nhng kt qu khng hin ra mn hnh.
- Nu khng dng du ( ; ) cu lnh c thc hin v kt qu c hin ra mn hnh.
- Trong c 2 trng hp trn sau khi cu lnh c thc hin kt qu u c lu vo trong
b nh v c th s dng cho cc cu lnh tip theo.
Vd
>>a = [1 2 3;3 2 4;4 5 1];
>> b = [1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]
b =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
C 2 ma trn A, B u c lu vo trong b nh v c th c s dng cho nhng cu lnh
tip theo.
>> c = a*b
c =
30 36 42
39 48 57
31 41 51

4.1.3 Hin th li ma trn:
- hin th li ma trn ta g tn ma trn sau enter.
VD >> c
c =

30 36 42
39 48 57
31 41 51
- hin th ni dung ca ma trn hoc li thng bo (trong du nhy n) ta dng lnh:
disp
VD >> disp (c)
c =
30 36 42
39 48 57
31 41 51

>> disp('hin th li thng bo ny')
hin th li thng bo ny
Ch :
- Cc phn t trong ma trn c th l cc s phc:
VD >> a=[1+3i 2+2i;3+i 1+i]
a =
1.0000 + 3.0000i 2.0000 + 2.0000i
3.0000 + 1.0000i 1.0000 + 1.0000i
- Cc phn t trong ma trn c th l cc k t. Nhng trc tin ta phi khai bo cc phn
t bng lnh syms
VD >> syms sinx cosx a
>> b = [ sinx cosx; a cosx]
b =
[ sinx, cosx]
[ a, cosx]

>> c=[a sinx; a a]
c =
[ a, sinx]
[ a, a]
4.2. X l trong ma trn:
4.2.1 To vct t ma trn:
Cng thc tng qut: Bin = gii hn u : bc chy : gi hn cui
Gii hn u, gii hn cui, bc chy: l cc s thc
Bc chy c th dng hoc m.
VD To 1 vect t chy t 0 n 0.6 vi bc chy tin l 0.1
>> t=0: 0.1:0.6
t =
0 0.1000 0.2000 0.3000 0.4000 0.5000 0.6000
VD: To 1 vect t chy t 0.6 n 0 vi bc chy li l 0.1
>>t=0.6:-0.1:0
t =
0.6000 0.5000 0.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.1000 0
Ch : Trong trng hp gii hn trn, gi hn di l cc s nguyn v bc chy bng 1 th
ta khng cn a bc chy vo trong biu thc.
VD >> C = 1:5
C =
1 2 3 4 5
4.2.2 Gi cc phn t trong ma trn.
MATLAB cho php ta x l n tng phn t ca ma trn. truy cp n tng
phn t ca ma trn ta phi gi c chng thng qua ch s ca tng phn t.
Tn ca ma trn( Ch s hng, ch s ct)
VD:
>> A = [1:3; 4:6; 7:9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B = A(1,1)
B =
1
>> A(3,3) = A(2,2) + B
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 6
Ch : Trong trng hp ta mun gi tt c cc hng hoc tt c cc ct ta c th dng ton t
hai chm ( : )
VD:
>> A = [1:3; 4:6; 7:9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B = A(2,:)
B =
4 5 6
>>C = A(:,2)
C =
2
5
8
4.2.3 Gi 1 ma trn con t mt ma trn ln.
VD
>> A = [1:3; 4:6; 7:9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B = A ( 2:3,1:2 )
B =
5
7 8
>> c =[a(1,1) a(3,3); a(2,3) a(3,1)]
c =
1 9
6 7
4.3 Cc ma trn c bit:
4.3.1 Ma trn zeros. Tt c cc phn t trong ma trn u bng 0.
VD
>> C = zeros (2,3)
C =
0 0 0
0 0 0
>> d = zeros(3)
d =
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
4.3.2 Ma trn ones. Tt c cc phn t trong ma trn u bng 1
VD
>> C = ones (2,3)
C =
1 1 1
1 1 1
>> d = ones(3)
d =
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
4.3.3 Ma trn ma phng Magic: Tng tt c gi tr cc phn t trn hng = Tng tt c gi
tr cc phn t trn ct = Tng tt c gi tr cc phn t trn ng cho ca ma trn
Vd
>> A = Magic (3)
A=
8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2
4.3.4 Ma trn eye. Tt c cc phn t trn ng cho c gi tr 1, cc phn t khc c gi tr
0.
VD
>> B = eye (3)
B =
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

4.4 Cc php ton vector:

Php ton Cng thc Matlab
Cng, tr A+B, A-B A+B, A-B
Nhn mng A.B = C A.*B
Chia tri mng B\A B.\A
Chia phi mng A/B A./B
Lu tha mng A
B
A.^B

4.4.1 Cc phn t l cc s thc:
>>a=[1 1 2;2 1 1]
a =
1 1 2
2 1 1
>> b=[1 2 2; 1 1 1]
b =
1 2 2
1 1 1
>> c=a.*b
c =
1 2 4
2 1 1

>> d=a./b
d =
1.0000 0.5000 1.0000
2.0000 1.0000 1.0000
>> e=a.\b
e =
1.0000 2.0000 1.0000
0.5000 1.0000 1.0000
>> f=a.^b
f =
1 1 4
2 1 1
4.4.2 Cc phn t l cc s phc.
>>a=[1+i 2+3i;3-4i 1+3i]
a =
1.0000 + 1.0000i 2.0000 + 3.0000i
3.0000 - 4.0000i 1.0000 + 3.0000i

>> b=[2+i 2+2i;1-4i 3+3i]
b =
2.0000 + 1.0000i 2.0000 + 2.0000i
1.0000 - 4.0000i 3.0000 + 3.0000i
>> c=a.*b
c =
1.0000 + 3.0000i -2.0000 +10.0000i
-13.0000 -16.0000i -6.0000 +12.0000i
4.4.3 Cc phn t l cc tham s:
>> syms a b c
>>A=[a b; b c]
A =
[ a, b]
[ b, c]
>> B=A
B =
[ a, b]
[ b, c]
>> C=A.*B
C =
[ a^2, b^2]
[ b^2, c^2]

4.5 Cc php ton v ma trn:
4.5.1 Php chuyn v:
Php chuyn i vct hng thnh vct ct gi l php chuyn v. Thc hin php chuyn
v bng ton t du nhy n ( ).
VD
>> A = [1:3; 4:6; 7:9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B = A

B =
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
Ma trn B c gi l ma trn chuyn v ca ma trn A

4.5.2 Php cng - tr ma trn.( + , - )
Php cng v tr ma trn c thc hin vi cc ma trn c cng kch c.
C
ij
= A
ij
+ B
ij
D
ij
= A
j
- B
ij


>> A = [1:3; 4:6; 7:9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> B = A

B =
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
>> C = A + B
C =
2 6 10
6 10 14
10 14 18
4.5.3 Php nhn, chia ma trn:
C = A*B.
thc hin c php nhn trn th s ct ca ma trn A phi bng s hng ca ma trn B.
Cc phn t trong ma trn C c tnh nh sau:
VD cc phn t trong ma trn l cc s thc.
>> A = [1 2 1; 1 0 1]
A =
1 2 1
1 0 1
>> B = [1 0 2; 2 1 1; 1 1 1]
B =
1 0 2
2 1 1
1 1 1
>> C = A * B
C =
6 3 5
2 1 3

VD cc phn t trong ma trn l cc s phc.
>> a=[1+2i 2+2i;1+3i 2+2i]
a =
1.0000 + 2.0000i 2.0000 + 2.0000i
1.0000 + 3.0000i 2.0000 + 2.0000i
>> b=[1+i 2+i;1+3i 2+i]
b =
1.0000 + 1.0000i 2.0000 + 1.0000i
1.0000 + 3.0000i 2.0000 + 1.0000i
>> c=a*b
c =
-5.0000 +11.0000i 2.0000 +11.0000i
_
=
=
n
1 k
kj ik ij
.B A C
-6.0000 +12.0000i 1.0000 +13.0000i
VD cc phn t trong ma trn l cc tham s
>> syms a b c
>>d=[2*a b c; a b c; 0 0 a]

d =
[ 2*a, b, c]
[ a, b, c]
[ 0, 0, a]
>> e=[a b c; 2*a 2*b^2 c ; a 0 b]
e =
[ a, b, c]
[ 2*a, 2*b^2, c]
[ a, 0, b]
>> f=d*e
f =
[ 2*a^2+2*b*a+c*a, 2*b*a+2*b^3, 2*c*a+2*c*b]
[ a^2+2*b*a+c*a, b*a+2*b^3, c*a+2*c*b]
[ a^2, 0, b*a]
Php chia ma trn thc cht l php nhn vi ma trn nghch o.
Ly ma trn nghch o thc hin bng hm inv.

>> A = [1 2 1; 1 0 1]
A =
1 2 1
1 0 1
>> B = [1 0 2; 2 1 1; 1 1 1]
B =
1 0 2
B
A
B
A
C
1
* = =
2 1 1
1 1 1
>> C = inv(B)
C =
0 1.0000 -1.000
-0.5000 -0.5000 1.5000
0.500 -0.5000 0.5000
>> D = A*C
D=
- 0.5000 -0.5000 2.5000
0.5000 0.5000 -0.5000
Ch : Trong cc php tnh trn nu nu thc hin vi mt s thc th tt c cc phn t trong
ma trn s c cng, tr, nhn, chia ( / ) vi s thc tu thuc vo php ton tng ng.
>> A = [1 2 1; 1 0 1]
A =
1 2 1
1 0 1
>> B = A*2

B =
2 4 2
2 0 2
4.5.4 Php quay ma trn: Quay ma trn B i 1 gc 90 theo ngc chiu kim ng h.
>> a=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]
a =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> b=rot90(a)
b =
3 6 9
2 5 8
1 4 7
4.5.5.Php o ma trn: o cc phn t ca ma trn t tri sang phi.
>> c=fliplr(b)
c =
9 6 3
8 5 2
7 4 1

Chng 5
ho trong matlab

5.1 Mn hnh th:

y l ni trnh by mi hnh nh , th . c gii trnh t khung ca s
Command ca Matlab x l theo cc lnh , cng c mn hnh.
C hai cch hin khung mn hnh th trng:
- T khung ca s command kch
File/New v chn Figure t menu x.
- Cng trong khung ca s Command
g lnh figure v n enter.




5.2 cc lnh menu ho trong matlab:

gip cc bn c th nm vng v s dng chng trnh Matlab; phn ny gii thiu
cclnh trn thanh menu cng vi cc chc nng v cng dng ca tng menu con nm trong
cc menu chnh.
5.2.1 File:
Hin menu x cha cc lnh con c chc nng to, qun l, iu hnh cng nh thay i
cc thng tin cc thng s mc nh ca chng trnh cho ph hp vi tng cng vic.
New Figure
New Figure dng m trang mn hnh ho mi.
m trang mn hnh mi chng ln mn hnh th c trong khi th c vn cn hin
din trn mn hnh, chn New Figure t menu x. Mt ca s mi s xut hin ra nm chng
ln mn hnh c
Open:
M tp tin th c trong khung mn hnh th x l theo nhu cu cng vic.
Cc bc thc hin m th lu:
- Kch File/ Open t menu x, xut hin mn hnh thoi Open .









- Look in: Ni cha cc tp tin th ca Matlab. Ni cha c th l a, th mc hoc
chng trnh khc.
- File nane: Tn tp tin mun m trong khung mn hnh th .
- Files of type: Th loi tp tin th l .fig
- Kch p vo tn tp tin mun m hoc nh tn tp tin vo khung File name hoc kch
mt ln vo tn tp tin, kch Open. Tp tin th va chn s hin ln mn hnh.
Close:
ng khung mn hnh th v khung ca s nhp lnh ca Matlab ( Biu tng c
chc nng tng ng vi lnh Close trong menu File)
Save:
Lu li nhng thay i trong khung mn hnh th hin hnh. Tuy nhin, c mt iu
khc bit l lnh ny lu li ngay nhng thay i trong tp tin mi sau khi c t tn v
ang hin din trn mn hnh tip tc x l.
Nu bn m tp tin c vi lnh Open x l v nu c nhng thay i bt k trong
ni dung hin hnh v sau khi kch lnh save, mn hnh hin khung thoi save as. T khung
thoi ny bn c th lu li nhnh thay i theo tn tp tin c hoc vi mt tn mi.
Save As: Hin khung thoi Save As bn lu tp tin th mi v theo mt tp tin mi
hoc lu li nhng thay i trong ni dung ca tp tin c c m vi lnh Open theo tn c
hoc vi tn mi. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
- Sau khi thay i , kch File / Save
as
- Save in Ni cha cc tp tin mun.
Lu. Ni cha cc tp tin th ca
Matlab. Ni cha c th l a, th
mc hoc chng trnh khc.
- File name Tn tp tin tu chn
lu cho th va to
- Save as type Th loi tp tin
mun lu. Mc nh l .fig i vi cc
tp tin th
- Sau khi chn ngun cha (nu cn
thit), t tn mi cho th, kch vo Save lu.
Export:
Lu li tp tin th hin hnh thnh mt dng
tp tin khc sau ny c th chuyn sang chng
trnh ng dng khc.
- To mt th mi hoc m tp tin th c ln mn hnh.
- Kch menu File v chn Export. Mn hnh hin khung thoi Export.
Save in Ni cha cc tp tin mun chuyn.
File name Tn tp tin mun lu li chuyn. Bn c th t tn theo tn c nhng phn
m rng li l mt tn khc .
Save as type Chn loi tp tin mun lu li chuyn.
- Sau khi chn song, kch vo Save ghi li tp tin theo dng khc.
Property Editor:
Hin khung thoi Graphics Property ngi s dng thay i cc khung thuc tnh mc
nh cho ph hp vi tc v.
Preferences: Hin khung thoi vi ba tu chn
ngi s dng c th thay i tham s cho ph
hp nhim v.
- G
e
n
e
r
al: Hin khung thoi ngay khi kch
c
h

n lnh Preferences t menu File ca khung

ca s lnh MATLAB. Kch chn cc loi
tham s mun thay i hoc gn thm sau
kch OK.
- Command Windows Font: Hin khung
danh mc font cng thuc tnh ngi s
dng thay i font mc nh thnh font qun thuc.

- Copy Options : Hin khung thng tin ngi s dng tu chn nhng thnh phn
i tng mun sao chp.
Page Setup: Hin khung thoi Page
Setup nh li trang in cho ph hp
vi th khi v hoc in.
- Orientation: Chn hng
giy in dc hoc in ngang.
- Limits: nh du chn p
dng hoc khng p dng ch
va khp vi cc trc v gia
tr theo thanh o trn trc.
- Color: Chn ch mu hoc
en trng khi in hoc v trn thit b.
- Size and Position: C hai tham s tu chn, s dng theo mc nh hoc chnh theo
tu chn.
Center In th gia trang
Fill In th trn c trang
MaxAspect In th theo t l ti a
Print Setup:
Nu c nhiu loi thit b in( v ), th nn khai
bo li trc khi chuyn bn th sang my in
hoc my v.
Cc bc thc hin v mt th:
- Kch File / Open.
- Kch File / Print Setup, mn hnh hin
khung thoi Print Setup.
- Kch chn loi my in, kh giy. Theo
mun.
- Kch Ok in.
Print Preview: Xen li th hin hnh trc khi chuyn sang in

Print:
Hin khung thoi print ngi s dng chn loi my in hoc my v cho ph hp;
chn s lng bn in vi Copies. Nu cn thit kch Properties chn thm cc thng tin b
sung cn thit.

5.2.2 Edit: Hin menu x cha cc lnh con lin quan n vic s l cc i tng cng nh
cc thng s gn cho i tng .
Undo: Hu lnh hoc chc nng c thi hnh trc . Sau khi kch lnh Undo thc
hin vic hulnh, Undo s chuyn i thnh Redo c th phc hi nhng chc nng
hu.
Cut ( Ctrl + x): Ct i tng chn trong bn th hin hnh a vo Cliboard sau
dn vo th khc. Sau khi ct i tng chn s bin mt ti v tr hin hnh. Cc bc
thc hin nh sau:
- Kch vo biu tng Enable Plote Editing trn thanh cng c.
- Kch chn i tng mun ct.
- Kch Edit / Cut. i tng s bin mt ti v tr hin hnh v lu vo Cliboard.
Copy ( Ctrl + c): Sao chp i tng chn trong th hin hnh a vo Cliboard sau
dn vo th khc. i tng sau khi sao chp vn hin din ti v tr c. Cc bc thc
hin nh sau:
- Kch vo biu tng Enable Plote Editing trn thanh cng c.
- Kch chn i tng mun ct.
- Kch Edit / Copy. i tng s vn hin ti v tr hin hnh v lu vo Cliboard.
Paste ( Ctrl + v): Dn i tng c Cut hoc Copy vo Cliboard sang th khc. Cc
bc thc hin nh sau:
- M th mun c dn i tng c lu vo Cliboard.
- n Ctrl + v hoc kch vo Paste. i tng s c dn vo th mi hoc v tr mi
ca th c.
- di chuyn i tng n v tr mi ta kch vo i tng mun di chuyn. Khi con
tr i thnh mi tn bn u th ko, gi i tng n v tr mi ri th nt chut.
Clear: Xo i tng c chn trong th.
- Kch vo biu tng Enable Plot Editing trn thanh cng c.
- Kch chn i tng mun xo.
- Kch Edit / Clear. i tng s xo mt ti v tr hin hnh.

Select All( Ctrl + a): Chn tt c cc i tng trong th hin hnh x l theo nhu cu.
Copy Figure: Sao chp c th sang Cliboard ri sau dn sang trang mn hnh th
hoc sang chng trnh khc. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
- M th mun c sao chp sang i tng khc.
- Kch Edit / Copy Figure. th s c ghi vo Cliboard.
- Thot khi Matlab, m chng trnh cn Copy th n.
- Kch chn v tr mun dn th n, sau kch Paste. th s c dn ngay v tr
chn.
Copy Option:
Hin khung thoi Preferences ngi s dng thay i (Xem File / Preferences).
5.2.3 Tools ( Ctrl + t): Cha cc lnh cng c h tr vic thc hin, x l cc thuc tnh
minh ho trong th ngi quan st d hiu
hn.
Show Toolbar:
Cho hin hoc giu cc biu tng cng c Standard trn mn hnh
Enable Plot Editing: nh du chn hoc b chn i tng.
Axes Properties: Gn thuc tnh cho
cc trc to cng vi tiu th
hin hnh. Th d vi th lc ko si
dy khi quay trn qu cu. Thay v dng
cc thuc tnh lnh gn chung vi s
liu, ta c th dng khung thoi Axes
Properties gn thuc tnh. Cc bc nh sau:
- Sau khi v th , kch chn Tool / Axes Properties. Mn hnh xut hin khung thoi
Axes Properties.
- Trong khung thoi Axes Properties c th: t tiu cho th ( Title), gn nhn cho
trc x v trc y
( Label), gii hn ln cc
trc
( Limits), t l xch cc trc..
. cho th.
- Kch Apply v kch OK.





Line Properties: Gn thuc tnh nh cc im nh
d liu, to nt th dy hay mng cng nh mu
sc cho ng th hin hnh. Cc bc thc hin
nh sau:
- Kch Enable Plot Editing v kch chn
ng th. Nhng im nh d liu trn
ng th s c nh du bng nhng
hnh vung nh.
- Kch Tool / Line Properties. Mn hnh hin khung thoi line properties.
- Chn dy mng ca ng th Line
Width; kch c du nh d liu trn th
Marker Size; Kiu dng th Line Style;
mu sc Color
- Kch Apply v kch OK.
Text Properties: Thay i cc thuc tnh cho cc k t trong th. Cc bc thc hin nh
sau:
- M th mun thay i thuc tnh k t.
- Kch menu Tool / Axes Properties. Xo cc k t cn thay i trc . Nhp li cc
k t theo cch g ting vit, ng quan tm n cc k t hin ra c ng khng.
Kch Apply v kch OK.
- Kch biu tng Enable Plot Editing, chn chui k t mun thay i thuc tnh.
- Kch menu Tool / Text Properties.
Mn hnh xut hin khung thoi Edit
Font Properties.
- Trong khung thoi, chn loi font ch
Vn Time; kch chn cc thuc tnh
cho font ch
( kch thc, kiu dng).
- Kch Ok.

Unlock Axes Position: Chnh li t l trc to hoc di chuyn th n v tr khc trong
khung ca s ho.
- Kch chn biu tng Enable Plot Editing.
- Chn trc to x (y) nu l th 2D
hoc trc z nu th l 3D.
- Kch menu Tool / Unloock Position.
- Mun chnh t l cho trc no, kch
chut vo im chnh trong bn gc ca
th v ko vo trong hay ra ngoi
theo hng tm. Nu mun di chuyn
th n v tr khc, kch chut vo
im chnh nm trn mt cnh v ko
n v tr khc.
- Sau khi thc hin xong, kch li menu Tool. Ln ny lnh Unlock i thnh Lock
Position. Kch Lock Position kho li.


Show Legend: Cho hin hoc giu bng phn loi s liu ca th trn mn hnh
- M th mun hin bng phn
loi d liu trn mn hnh.
- Sau khi th hin trong khung
mn hnh ho, kch Tool / Show
Legend. Ngay cnh th s xut
hin khung phn loi s liu ca
th cng vi mi loi mang mt
mu khc nhau.
- giu phn loi d liu th,
kch Tool / Hide legend
Add: Hin bn thanh cng c h tr cho vic thm cc thuc tnh vo th:
- Axes: V trc to mi trong khung mn hnh ho.
Kch File / New / Figure.
Kch Tool / Add / Axes. Con tr mouse i thnh hnh ch thp.
Kch chn v tr u tin, kch v ko mouse. Th mouse sau khi c kch thc
ca cc trc to nh.
- Line: Thm ng k vo th. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
M th mun thm ng k.
Kch Tool /Add /Line hoc kch biu tng Add Line Trn thanh cng
c.
Kch chn im u
tin, ko mouse n
v tr th hai. Kch
li mouse nh
v.
gn thuc tnh cho ng k, kch biu tng Enable Plot Editing trn
thanh cng c v kch p vo ng v . Mn hnh hin khung thoi Edit
line Propertise.
Khai bo tham s cho tng loi thuc tnh ( ging nh trong Line Properties).
Kch Apply v OK.

- Arrow: Thm cc mi tn vo ng th ti nhng v tr bt k.
M th cn thm mi tn.
Kch Tool / Add / Arrow, hoc kch biu tng trn thanh cng c.
Kch chn v tr thm mi tn, ko mouse ly di cho mi tn.
C th di chuyn mi tn n v tr bt k bng cch kch mouse vo mi
tn ri ko n v tr nh v.
- Text: Thm cc k t vo th. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
M th cn thm k t.
Kch Tool / Add / Text hoc kch biu tng trn thanh cng c.
Kch chn v tr cn thm k t, nhp k t t bn phm.
Kch vo ri kch p vo chui k t thay i font ch v thuc
tnh cho ph hp.
di chuyn, kch vo chui k t ri ko.
sa i ni dung kch p vo chui k t ri thc hin nh trong
word.

Zoom In: Phng to th quan st tng chi tit.
Kch vo Zoom In hoc kch vo biu tng Trn thanh cng c.

Zoom out: Thu nh th theo yu cu.
Kch vo Zoom out hoc kch vo biu tng Trn thanh cng c.

Rotate 3D: Xoay i tng 2D thnh 3D












5.3 Thc hnh v cc loi th 2- D
5.3.1 th tuyn tnh:
th tuyn tnh l loi th 2-D dng cc
on thng ni cc im d liu li vi nhau to
thnh mt biu lin tc.
- lnh v Plot:
>> Plot ( tn bin , tn hm)
VD 1: v hm y = sin (x)
>> x = 0 : 0.1 : 10 ;
% To vecter x t 0 10 vi bc 0.1.
>> y = sin(x);% Nhp hm.
>> plot (x,y) % V hm y theo bin x.
>>grid on % To chia cho th.
VD 2: v th y = ax+ bx vi a = sin, b = cos
x bin thin t 0 n 2*pi.
>> x = 0: pi/100: 2*pi;
>> y= sin(x)+cos(x);
>> plot(x,y)
>>grid on

VD 3: To bin t hm linspace :
Tn bin = linspace ( im u, im cui, s im
cn v )
% v hm y = e
-x
.sin (x) vi x chy t 0 50 vi s
im cn v 50 im.
>> x=linspace(0,10,50);
>> y=exp(-x).*sin(x);
>> plot(x,y)

5.3.2 th dng nh du:
th dng nh du l loi th ch dng cc im nh vng trn, hnh thoi .
Thay v dng cc on thng ni li vi nhau.VD 4:
>> a = [8 8.5 5 8 6.5 7 7.8 8.5 7 7.5 5 9 7.5 9.2];
>>plot ( a,*);
>>grid on
5.3.3 V nhiu ng biu din trn cng mt th:
Cng mt bn th ta c th v nhiu th vi cc d liu khc nhau v loi ng
minh ho. Theo mc nh Matlab s t ng gn loi
mu sc cho tng d liu phn bit. Cng thc tng
qut khi v nhiu th trn cng mt h to :
Plot ( tn bin 1, tn hm1, tn bin 2, tn hm 2....)
VD 5:
>>x=0:0.1:10;
>> y1=sin(x);
>> y2=sin(x).*3.^(-x);
>> plot(x,y1,x,y2)

5.3.4 Ch thch v kim sot th:
- title ( Tn tiu th )
- xlabel ( Tn trc x)
- ylabel ( Tn trc y)
- text (x,y, chui k t) a mt chui k t vo im c to x,y trn th.
- gtext(chui k t) a mt chui k t c xc nh bi du + hay con tr chut.
- legend(chui 1,chui 2...) a ra mn hnh ho mt khung ch thch bao gm cc
chui. V tr ca khung c th c di chuyn bi chut.
- legend off: loi b chc nng legend khi mn hnh ho.
- Grid on: bt ch li trong mn hnh ho.
- Grid off: tt ch li trong mn hnh ho.
- Hold on: gi li cc th v ( dng v nhiu th trn mt h trc to )
- Hold off: ngc li vi hd on
Trong Matlab ta c th chn ng v v mu theo 1 trong cc kiu sau:

K hiu Mu K hiu Kiu
y
m
c
r
g
b
w
k

vng
ti
xanh

xanh l cy
xanh thm
trng
en

.
o
x
+
*
-
-.
--

Chm im
Vng trn
Du x
Du cng
Du sao
Nt lin
Gch chm
Gch gch

Khi ta dng lnh: plot(tn bin, tn hm,k hiu mu k hiu kiu ng)
VD 6: v hm Cos(x), cos (2x)
>> x=linspace(0,10,50);
>> y=cos(x);y1 = cos(2*x);
% v y bng du x mu en, y1 bng du *
mu xanh thm
>> plot(x,y,xk,x,y1,*b);
% Tn th
>> title(' Do thi ham cosx & ham cos2x')
>> xlabel(' Truc Hoanh')
>> ylabel(' Truc Tung')
>> grid on




Gn gi tr thanh o: Ngoi gi tr thanh o theo mc nh ca chng trnh, c th t chia
thang o theo d liu ring.
VD 7:
>> x = -pi : .1 : pi;
>> y = sin(x);
>> plot(x,y)
>> set(gca,Xtick,-pi : pi/2 : pi)
>> set(gca,'Xticklabel',{ '-pi','- pi/2','0',' pi/2','pi' ; )

5.3.5 th hnh thanh:
Loi th ny thng dng minh ho cc s liu theo dng thanh, c th theo trc x
hoc trc y. VD8 : V biu khi lng nhp hng trong 12 thng.
>> x = [230 255 270 210 170 240 265 280 240 300 320 345];
>> bar (x)
>> xlabel(Thang)
>> ylabel(Doanh thu)
>>set(gca,'Xticklabel',
{ 'Th1','Th2','Th3','Th4','Th5','Th6','Th7','Th8','Th9','Th10','Th11','Th12' ; )












5.3.6 th to cc:
Thng c p dng trong lnh
vc thin vn nh hng gi, hng di
chuyn ca cn boVD 9:
>> th = [0:.1:10];
>> r1 = th;
>> r2 = 5*cos(th)+ 5;
>> % mu en, ng chm.
>> h1 = polar(th,r1,'k.');
>> set(h1,'Markersize',15)
>> hold on
>> h2 = polar(th,r2,'k');% mu en, lin.


5.3.7 th hnh Pie:
L loi th t l bch
phn ca tng loi d liu minh
ho. Theo mc nh Matlab s t
Th 1 Th 2 Th 3 Th 4 Th 5 Th 6 Th 7 Th 8 Th 9 Th 10 Th 11 Th 12
0
50
100
150
200
250
3 00
3 50
Th a n g
D
o
a
n
h

t
h
u
2
4
6
8
10
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
30%
22%
15%
8%
25%
mu khc nhau cho tng thnh phn d liu.VD 10:
>> x = [30 22 15 8 25];
>> explot = [0 1 0 0 0];
>> pie(x,explot)
>> colormap jet








5.3.8 Hin nhiu th trong mt mn hnh:
Trong mt mn hnh th, c th cho hin nhiu th vi mi th l mt loi d
liu khc nhau.VD 11:
>> a = [3.2 4.1 5 6];
>> b = [2.5 4 3.5 4.9];
>> subplot(2,1,1);plot(a)
% to trc to
>> subplot(2,1,2);plot(b)
% to trc to





5.3.9 Lnh staris:
v th bc thang.
VD 12:
>>x = 0: .25: 10;
1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 3 . 5 4
3
4
5
6
1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 3 . 5 4
2. 5
3
3 . 5
4
4. 5
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1
-0. 8
-0. 6
-0. 4
-0. 2
0
0. 2
0. 4
0. 6
0. 8
1
>>stairs (x,sin(x))



5.4 Thc hnh v cc loi th 3- D
5.4.1 Lnh xc nh vng v:







>>a = linspace(1,5,50);
>>b = linspace(1,10,100);
>>[ x,y] = meshgrid(a,b);
>> z = sin(x)+cos(y);
5.3.2 Lnh v : plot3(x,y,z) :
To cc i tng tuyn tnh trong
mi trng 3-D. VD 8:
>> a =linspace(0,10,100);
>> b=linspace(0,6,100);
>>[x,y]=meshgrid(a,b);
>>z=sin(x)+cos(y);
>> plot3(x,y,z)
Ngi ta dng lnh
mesh(z): hnh v c li.
Vd
>>a=linspace(0,10,100);
>> b=linspace(0,6,100);
>> [x,y]=meshgrid(a,b);
>> z=sin(x).*cos(y);
>> mesh(z)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
-1
-0. 5
0
0. 5
1




Chng 6
ng dng tnh ton trong matlab

6.1 Lnh sym, syms:
Mc ch: Bin i cc s, bin, i tng thnh Symbolics.
V d:
>> sym x y
>> x = sym(x); y = sym(y);
% x,y l cc bin symbolic.
>> syms x y real
>> x = sym(x, real);y =sym(y,real)
%x,y l bin kiu thc symbolics
syms x real y
x = sym(x, real);y = sym(y)
% x l bin kiu thc, y l bin bt k kiu symbolic
syms x y unreal
% x, y khng phil l bin thc
syms t
Q = sym(Q(t));
% t bin symbolic v Q l hm symbolic.

6.2 Nhn 2 a thc: ( Dng lnh conv)
y1 = a
n
x
n
+ a
n-1
x
n-1
+...+a
0

y 2 = b
n
x
n
+ b
n-1
x
n-1
+...+b
0

Bc1: Lp 2 ma trn hng tn y1, y2 c cc phn t l cc h s t a
n
n
a
0
v b
n
n b
0
gim dn theo bc ca phng trnh ( Nu h s no khng c ghi
0 )
Bc 2: dng lnh conv nhn 2 a thc.
>>y3= conv(y1,y2)
VD: y1 = 2x
2
+ 3x+1
y2 = 3x
2
+ 4x
>> y1 = [2 3 1]
>> y2 = [3 4 0]
>> y3 = conv(y1,y2)
>> y3 = 6 17 15 4 0
Ch : hm conv ch thc hin nhn 2 a thc. Mun nhn nhiu a thc vi
nhau ta phi thc hin nhiu ln hm conv.

6.3 Cc tnh ton cho phng trnh:
6.3.1 Gii phng trnh bc cao: ( Lnh Roots)
y = a
n
x
n
+ a
n-1
x
n-1
+...+a
0

Bc1: Lp 1 ma trn hng c cc phn t l cc h s t a
n
n a
0
gim
dn theo bc ca phng trnh ( Nu h s no khng c ghi 0 )
Bc 2: Dng lnh Roots gii ma trn va to c.
VD gii phng trnh sau: y = x
5
-2x
4
+ 5x
2
-1
>> y = [ 1 -2 0 5 0 -1]
y =
1 -2 0 5 0 -1
>> kq=roots(y)
kq =
1.5862 + 1.1870i
1.5862 - 1.1870i
-1.1606
-0.4744
0.4627
6.3.2 Bit nghim tm li phng trnh: ( lnh poly )
Ly kt qu ca v d trn
>>A = [1 1 2;1 3 4;2 1 1];
>>poly(A)
ans =
1 -5 8 14

6.3.3 Chuyn t phng trnh h s sang phng trnh c cha c tham s: (
poly2sym)
>> poly2sym([1 0 -2 -5])
ans =
x^3-2*x-5
>> y = [1 2 3 0 1]
y = 1 2 3 0 1
>> poly2sym(y)
ans = x^4+2*x^3+3*x^2+1
6.3.4 Gii h phng trnh tuyn tnh:
Vd gii h phng trnh tuyn tnh sau:

= + +
= +
= + +
2
19 4 6 3
7 3 2
z y x
z y x
z y x

Thc cht h phng trnh trn c th a v php ton ma trn sau:
2
19
7
1 1 1
4 6 3
1 3 2
=
z
y
x

Nh vy vic gii h PT tuyn tnh thc cht l thc hin php ton v ma trn.

>> A=[2 3 1;3 6 -4;1 1 1]
A =
2 3 1
3 6 -4
1 1 1
>> B=[7;19;2]
B =
7
19
2
>> C=inv(A)
C =
-2.5000 0.5000 4.5000
1.7500 -0.2500 -2.7500
0.7500 -0.2500 -0.7500
>> kq=C*B
kq =
1.0000
2.0000
-1.0000
VD2:
>>A=[1+i 2i;3+i 1]
A = 1.0000 + 1.0000i 0 + 2.0000i
3.0000 + 1.0000i 1.0000
>> C=inv(A)
C =
0.0882 + 0.1471i 0.2941 - 0.1765i
-0.1176 - 0.5294i -0.0588 + 0.2353i
>> B=[1; 2+i]
B =
1.0000
2.0000 + 1.0000i
>> KQ=C*B
KQ =
0.8529 + 0.0882i
-0.4706 - 0.1176i
VD3
>>syms a1 a2 b1 b2 c1 c2
>>A=[a1 a2;b1 b2]
A =
[ a1, a2]
[ b1, b2]
>> B=[c1;c2]
B =
[ c1]
[ c2]
>> C=inv(A)
C =
[ -b2/(-a1*b2+b1*a2), a2/(-a1*b2+b1*a2)]
[ b1/(-a1*b2+b1*a2), -a1/(-a1*b2+b1*a2)]
>> KQ=C*B
KQ =
[ -b2/(-a1*b2+b1*a2)*c1+a2/(-a1*b2+b1*a2)*c2]
[ b1/(-a1*b2+b1*a2)*c1-a1/(-a1*b2+b1*a2)*c2]
6.3.5 Gii h phng trnh phi tuyn:( Lnh solve)
V d:
sin(x)+y^2+log(z)=7
3*x+2^y+z^3=4
x+y+z=2
>>[x,y,z]=solve('sin(x)+y^2+log(z)=7','3*x+2^y+z^3=4','x+y+z=2')
x = -2.3495756224572032187410536400368
y = 2.6835269194785219427270239079010
z = 1.666048702978681276014029732135
V d:
x^2 + x*y + y = 3
x^2 - 4*x + 3 = 0
>>[x,y] = solve('x^2 + x*y + y = 3','x^2 - 4*x + 3 = 0')
x =
[ 1]
[ 3]
y =
[ 1]
[ -3/2]
6.3.6 Gii h phng trnh tham s:
>>[a,u] = solve('a*u^2 + v^2= 0','u - v = 1','a,u')
a =
-v^2/(v^2+2*v+1)
u =
v+1
>>[a,v] = solve('a*u^2 + v^2','u - v = 1','a,v')
a = -(u^2-2*u+1)/u^2
v = u-1
6.3.7 Gii h phng trnh vi phn thng: ( lnh dsolve)
>>y = dsolve('(D2y) =1','y(0) = 1')
y = 1/2*t^2+C1*t+1
>>[x,y]=dsolve('Dx = y', 'Dy = -x')
x= cos(t)*C1+sin(t)*C2
y = -sin(t)*C1+cos(t)*C2

6.3.8 Gii h phng trnh vi phn theo hm c sn ca Matlab:
V d: Cho h phng trnh vi phn


Chng trnh m t phng trnh vi phn dng M-file:
function dy = rigid(t,y)
dy = zeros(3,1);
dy(1) = y(2) * y(3);
dy(2) = -y(1) * y(3);
dy(3) = -0.51 * y(1) * y(2);
Thi gian gii phng trnh vi phn Tspan =[0 12], vector iu kin u [0 1 1]

>>options = odeset('RelTol',1e-4,'AbsTol',[1e-4 1e-4
1e-5]);
>>[t,y] = ode45('rigid',[0 12],[0 1 1],options);
>>plot(t,y(:,1),'-',t,y(:,2),'-.',t,y(:,3),'.')












6.4 Lnh v hm trong symbolic Matlab:
Symbolics Matlab l th vin cc php tnh ton kiu k t c a vo mi
trng tnh
hc ca Matlab.
Ta cn ch rng, khi vit mt lnh hay mt hm trong Matlab phi vit
bng ch thng.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-1. 5
-1
-0. 5
0
0. 5
1
1. 5
6.4.1 Tnh ton (Calculus):
- Tnh o hm (diff):
diff(S): o hm biu thc symbolic S vi bin ca o hm t do.
diff(S,v) hay diff(S,sym(v)): o hm biu thc symbolic S vi
bin ly o hm l bin symbolic v.
diff(S,n) : o hm cp n biu thc S, n l s nguyn dng.
V d:
>>syms x t
>> y = sin(x^2);
>>z = diff(y);
z = 2*cos(x^2)*x
pretty(z)% hin th dng quen thuc
2.cos
2
x.x
>>y = diff(t^6,6) % o hm bc 6 ca hm t
6
.
Y = 720
V d:
>>syms u v
>>y = u^2*v - u*v^3;
>> y2u = diff(y,u,2) %dao ham cap 2 theo u
>> y3u = diff(y,v,3) %dao ham cap 3 theo v
y2u = 2*v
y3u = -6*u

- Tnh tch phn( int):
int(S): Tch phn khng xc nh ca bin thc symbolic S vi bin
t do mc nh. Mun bit bin mc nh ta dng lnh fndsym.
int(S,v): Tch phn khng xc nh ca biu thc symbolic S vi
bin tch phn v.
int(S,a,b): Tch phn khng xc nh ca biu thc symbolic S vi
bin t do v cn ly tch phn t [a,b].
int(S,v,a,b): Tch phn khng xc nh ca biu thc symbolic S vi
bin tch phn v v cn ly tch phn t [a,b].
Vid:
>>syms x t z alpha
>>int(-2*x/(1+x^2)^2)
ans = 1/(1+x^2)
>>int(x/(1+z^2),z)
ans = x*atan(z)
>>int(x*log(1+x),0,1)
ans = 1/4
>>int(-2*x/(1+x^2)^2)
ans = 1/(1+x^2)
>> int([exp(t),exp(alpha*t)])
ans = [ exp(t), 1/alpha*exp(alpha*t)]
Vd: Tnh tch phn I =
}

dx e
sx
2
) (

>>Syms x s real
>>f = exp(-(s*x)^2);
>>I = int(f,x,-inf,inf)% inf l v cng ln
I =
Signum(s)/s*pi^(1/2)
Hm signum chnh l hm sign (hm du), ngha l sign(s) cho ta:
sign(s) = 1 khi s>0; sign(s) = 0 khi s =0; sign(s) = -1 khi s<0;

- Tnh gii hn(limit):
limit(F, x, a) : Tm gii hn ca biu thc F khi x a.
limit(F, a) : Tm gii hn ca biu thc F vi bin c lp.
limit(F) : Tm gii hn ca biu thc F khi a = 0.
limit(F, x, a, right) hoc Lim it(F, x, a, left) : Tm gii hn phi
hoc bn tri
V d:
>>syms x a t h
>>limit(sin(x)/x)
ans = 1
>>limit(1/x,x,0,right)
ans = inf
>>limit(1/x,x,0,left)
ans = -inf
>>limit((sin(x+h)-sin(x))/h,h,0)
ans = cos(x)
>>v = [(1+a/x)^x,exp(-x)];
>>limit(v,x,inf,left)
ans = [exp(a),0]
- Tnh tng ca dy s l cc bin symbolic(symsum):
symsum(S): Tng ca biu thc symbolic theo bin symbolic k , k
c xc nh bng lnh findsym t 0k -1.
symsum(S,v): Tng ca biu thc symbolic S theo bin symbolic v,v
c xc nh t 0k - 1.
symsum(S,a,b), symsum(S,v,a,b): Tng ca biu thc symbolic S
theo symbolic v, v c xc nh t v = s n v = b.
V d:
>>syms k n x
>>symsum(k^2)
ans = 1/3*k^3-1/2*k^2+1/6*k
>>symsum(k)
ans = 1/2*k^2-1/2*k
>>symsum(sin(k*pi)/k,0,n)
ans = -1/2*sin(k*(n+1))/k+1/2*sin(k)/k/(cos(k)-1)*cos(k*(n+1))-
1/2*sin(k)/k/(cos(k)-1)
>>symsum(k^2,0,10)
ans = 385
>>symsum(x^k/sym(k!), k, 0,inf)
ans = exp(x)
Vi d: Cho tng ca 2 dy
S1 = 1 + + +
2 2
3
1
2
1
.
S2 = 1 + x + x
2
+..
>>syms x k
>>s1 = symsum(1/k^2,1,inf) %inf l v cng.
s1 = 1/6*pi^2
>>s2 = symsum(x^k,k,0,inf)
- Tm hm ngc (finverse):
finverse(f): Tm hm ngc ca f. f l hm symbolic vi mt
bin x
finverse(f,u): Tm hm ngc ca f. f l hm symbolic vi mt
bin u.
V d:
>>syms u v x
>>finverse(1/tan(x))
ans = atan(1/x)
>>finverse(exp(u-2*v),u)
ans = 2*v+log(u)
s2 = -1/(x-1)

- Khai trin taylor(taylor):
taylor(f)
taylor(f,n,v): Cho ta xp x a thc theo Maclaurin bc (n-1) ca biu thc, hm
khai trin symbolic f v v l bin c lp trong biu thc. v c th l mt xu
(string) hay l bin symbolic.
taylor(f,n,v,a): Khai trin Taylor ca biu thc hay hm symbolic f quanh im
a. i s c th l gi tr s, mt hm symbolic hay mt xuNu khng
cho ga tr n th mc nhin trong Matlab n = 6.
Vi d: Khai trin Taylor ca hm f = e
xsin(x)
quanh im x
0
= 2 (Nu x
0
= 0 ta c khai trin
Maclaurin).
>>syms x
>> f = exp(x*sin(x));
>>t = taylor(f,4,2)% khai trin 4 s hng u tin khc o v xung quanh im x
0
= 2
Kt qu:
exp(2*sin(2))+exp(2*sin(2))*(2*cos(2)+sin(2))*(x-2)+exp(2*sin(2))*(-
sin(2)+cos(2)+2*cos(2)^2+2*cos(2)*sin(2)+1/2*sin(2)^2)*(x-
2)^2+exp(2*sin(2))*(-1/3*cos(2)-1/2*sin(2)-cos(2)*sin(2)+2*cos(2)^2-
sin(2)^2+4/3*cos(2)^3+2*cos(2)^2*sin(2)+cos(2)*sin(2)^2+1/6*sin(2)^3)*(x-
2)^3

By gi ta c th v hm cho v hm khai trin bng chui Taylor quanh im
x
0
= 2 v cho nhn xt.
>>syms x
>> f = exp(x*sin(x));
>>t = taylor(f,10,2);
>>xd= 1:0.05:3;
>>yd = subs(f,x,xd);% thay th bin x bng xd
>>ezplot(t,[1,3])% v hm symbolic
>> hold on
>>plot(xd,yd,'r-')
6.4.2 Cc hm lm n gin ho cc biu thc:
- Gom s hng, bin(collect):
collect(S): S l a thc, gom cc s hng cha bin x
collect(S,v): S l a thc, gom cc s hng cha bin v
V d:
>>syms x y;
>>R1 = collect((exp(x)+x)*(x+2))
>>R2 = collect((x+y)*(x^2+y^2+1), y)
>>R3 = collect([(x+1)*(y+1),x+y])
Kt qu:
R1 = x^2+(exp(x)+2)*x+2*exp(x)

R2 = y^3+x*y^2+(x^2+1)*y+x*(x^2+1)

R3 = [(y+1)*x+y+1, x+y]

- Khai trin biu thc(expand):

expand: Khai trin biu thc symbolic S.
V d:
>>syms x y a b c t
>>expand((x-2)*(x-4))
ans = x^2-6*x+8
>>expand(cos(x+y))
ans = cos(x)*cos(y)-sin(x)*sin(y)
>>expand(exp((a+b)^2))
ans = exp(a^2)*exp(a*b)^2*exp(b^2)
>>expand(log(a*b/sqrt(c)))
ans = log(a)+log(b)-1/2*log(c)
>>expand([sin(2*t), cos(2*t)])
ans = [2*sin(t)*cos(t), 2*cos(t)^2-1]
- Phn tch biu thc thnh tha s(factor):
Factor(X): Phn tch biu thc mng symbolic X thnh tha s.
V d:
>>syms x y a b
>>factor(x^3-y^3)
(x-y)*(x^2+x*y+y^2)
>>factor([a^2-b^2, a^3+b^3])
[(a-b)*(a+b), (a+b)*(a^2-a*b+b^2)]
>>factor(sym('12345678901234567890'))
(2)*(3)^2*(5)*(101)*(3803)*(3607)*(27961)*(3541)
- Phn tch a thc ra dng tha s(horner):
R = horner(p):
V d:
>>syms x y
>>horner(x^3-6*x^2+11*x-6)
ans = -6+(11+(-6+x)*x)*x
>>horner([x^2+x;y^3-2*y])
ans = [ (1+x)*x]
[(-2+y^2)*y]
- Ly t s v mu s(numden):
[n.d] = numden(A): ly ra t s ca A l n, mu s ca A l d
V d:
>>syms x y a b
>>A= (4-x)/5;
>>[n,d] = numden(A)
n = 4-x
d = 5
>>[n,d] = numden(x/y + y/x)
n = x^2+y^2
d = y*x
>>A = [a, 1/b]
>>[n,d] = numden(A)
n = [a, 1]
d = [1, b]

- Tm dng ti gin ca a thc( simple, simplify):
R = simplify(S)
R = simple(S)
[r, how] = simple(S)
V d:
>>syms x y a b c
>>simplify(sin(x)^2 + cos(x)^2)
ans = 1
>>simplify(exp(c*log(sqrt(a+b))))
ans = (a+b)^(1/2*c)
>>S = [(x^2+5*x+6)/(x+2),sqrt(16)];
>>R = simplify(S)
R = [x+3,4]
6.4.3 Bin i :
- Bin i fourier:
F = fourier(f): Bin i fourier ca hm v hng f vi bin c lp mc nhin f
v cho ta hm mc nhin qua php bin i nyl w.
F = fourier(f,v): F l hm ca bin v thay th bin mc nhin w.
F = fourier(f,u,v): f l hm ca u v F l hm ca v chng thay th cc bin mc
nhin x v w.
V d:
>>syms x w u
>>f = exp(-x^2)
>>fourier(f)
ans = pi^(1/2)*exp(-1/4*w^2)
>>g = exp(-abs(w))
>>fourier(g)
ans = 2/(1+t^2)
>>f= x*exp(-abs(x))
>>fourier(f,u)
ans = -4*i/(1+u^2)^2*u
>>syms x v u real
>>f= exp(-x^2*abs(v))*sin(v)/v
>>fourier(f,v,u)
ans = -atan((u-1)/x^2)+atan((u+1)/x^2)
- Bin i ngc fourier:
f = ifourier(F): Bin i ngc ca hm mc tiu v hng F vi bin c lp
mc nhin w. php bin i ngc ny l hm ca x.
f = ifourier(F,u): f l hm cabin u thay th bin mc nhin x.
f = ifourier(F,v,u): F l hm ca v v f l hm ca u chng thay th cc bin
mc nhin w v x tng ng.
V d:
>>syms a w x t v real
>>f = exp(-w^2/(4*a^2))
>>F = ifourier(f);
>>F = simple(F)
F = a*exp(-x^2*a^2)/pi^(1/2)
>>g=exp(-abs(x))
>>ifourier(g)
ans = 1/(1+t^2)/pi
>>f=2*exp(-abs(w))-1
>>simplify(ifourier(f,t))
ans = (2-pi*Dirac(t)-pi*Dirac(t)*t^2)/(pi+pi*t^2)
>>f=exp(-w^2*abs(v))*sin(v)/v;
>>ifourier(f,v,t)
ans = 1/2*(atan((t+1)/w^2) - atan((-1+t)/w^2))/pi
- Bin i laplace:
L = laplace(F): Bin i Laplace ca hm F vi bin mc nhin c lp t. n
cho ta mt hm ca s
L = laplace(F,t): L l mt hm ca t thay th bin mc nhin s.
L = laplace(F,w,z): L l hm ca z v F l hm ca w, n thay th cc bin
symbolic mc nhin s v t tng ng.

V d:
>>syms t v x a
>>f = t^4
>>laplace(f)
ans = 24/s^5
>>g=1/sqrt(s)
>>laplace(g)
ans = 1/s^(1/2)*pi^(1/2)
>>f=exp(-a*t)
>>laplace(f,x)
ans= 1/(x + a)
>>f=1- cos(t*v)
>>laplace(f,x)
ans = 1/x-x/(x^2+v^2)
- Bin i laplace ngc

F = ilaplace(L): Bin i Laplace ngc ca hm symbolic L vi bin mc
nhin c lp s. N cho ta mt hm ca t.
F = ilaplace(L,y): F l hm ca y thay th bin mc nhin t.
F = ilaplace(L,y,x): F l hm ca x v L l hm ca y, n thay th cc bin
symbolic mc nhin t v s.
V d :
>>syms s a t
>>f=1/s^2
>>ilaplace(f)
ans = t
>>g=1/(t-a)^2
>>ilaplace(g)
ans = x*exp(a*x)
>>syms u a x
>>f=1/(u^2-a^2)
>>ilaplace(f,x)
ans = 1/(-a^2)^(1/2)*sin((-a^2)^(1/2)*x)
>>syms s v x
>>f=s^3*v/(s^2+v^2)
>>ilaplace(f,v,x)
ans = s^3*cos(s*x)
6.4.4 p dng ho:
- ezplot( v ng)
ezplot(f): V hm f = f(x) vi min mc nhin -2 < x < 2 .
ezplot(f,[min,max]) : V hm f = f(x) trong min gi tr [min,max]
ca bin.
ezplot(x,y): V ng cong ham s x = x(t); y = y(t) vi bin mc
nhin
0 < t < 2 .
V d:
>>syms x
>>ezplot(erf(x))
>>grid






- ezplot3( v ng trong 3 chiu)
ezplot3(x,y,z): V cc hm x = x(t), y = y(t), v z = z(t) vi min
mc nh lt 0 < t < 2 .
ezplot3(x,y,z,[tmin,tmax]): V cc hm x = x(t), y = y(t), v z = z(t) trong
khong gi tr tmin < t < tmax.
V d:

>>syms t; ezplot3(sin(t), cos(t), t,[0,6*pi])


















- V d : Cho hm f(x) =
) cos( 4 5
1
x +
vi xe[a,b].
V th v cc o hm bc 1, bc 2. min xc nh mc
nhin trong symbolic Matlab l 2 2 s s x .
Hy vo ca s son tho v trong ca s ny ta vit chng trnh nh sau:
syms x
f1 = 1/(5+4*cos(x));
f2 = diff(f1);
% dao ham bac 1 cua f1.
f3 = diff(f2);
% dao ham bac 2 cua f1.
subplot(2,2,1)
ezplot(f1)
subplot(2,2,2)
ezplot(f2)
subplot(2,2,3)
ezplot(f3)

Tm cc im x lm cho o hm bc 3 ca hm f(x) =
) cos( 4 5
1
x +
bng khng v v th.
Hy vo ca s son tho v trong ca s ny ta vit chng trnh nh sau:
syms x
f = 1/(5+4*cos(x));
f3 = diff(f,3);
% dao ham bac 3 cua f.
pretty(f3);
%dua ve dang quyen toan hoc
f3 = simplify(f3);
pretty(f3);
z = solve(f3);
%Giai phuong trinh f3 = 0
format;
%lay 5 chu so so le
zr = double(z);
%chuyen ma tran, bieu thuc symbolic ve dang so
ezplot(f3)
%ve ham f3
hold on;
%luu do thi da ve
plot(zr,0*zr,'ro')
% ve diem "o" mau do cho cac diem co gia tri thuc de
f3 = 0.
plot([-2*pi,2*pi],[0,0],'g-.')


6 H thng iu khin
( system control)

H thng iu khin c th c m t bng s cu trc sau:

Hm
Truyn
W(s)
Vo
Ra





Khi quan h gia lng ra v lng vo c m t bi hm truyn W(s)
VD cho h thng i khin c hm truyn:
M phng h thng bng hm qu :

>> W = tf ([1 2],[2 3 4]);
( Hoc >> tuso = [1 2];
>> mauso = [ 2 3 4]
>> W=tf(tuso,mauso); )
>> step(W)












1. M phng h thng bng hm qu xung:

>> W = tf ([1 2],[2 3 4]);
>> impulse(W)









n
n n
m
m m
a s a s a
b s b s b
s W
+ + +
+ + +
=

...
...
) (
1
1 0
1
1 0
4 3 2
2
) (
2
+ +
+
=
s s
s
s W

2. M phng h thng bng c tnh tn s bin pha:

>> W = tf ([1 2],[2 3 4]);
>> nyquist(W)











3. M phng h thng bng cc c tnh bin tn s v pha tn s:

>> W = tf ([1 2],[2 3 4]);
>> Bode(W)













Ch : khi h thng gm nhiu khu mc ni tip ta c th tnh hm truyn h thng:

>> W = W
1
*W
2
*....W
n

4. M phng h thng c phn hi.


a. h thng c phn hi dng: sau khi khai bo xong cc hm truyn W
1
, W
2
, W
3
. Hm
truyn ca h thng c tnh nh sau:

>> W = feedback ( W
1
*W
2
, W
3
, 1 )
( s 1 nhm ch phn hi dng )


W
1
(s
)
W
2
(s
)
W
3
(s
)
b. h thng c phn hi m: sau khi khai bo xong cc hm truyn W
1
, W
2
, W
3
. Hm
truyn ca h thng c tnh nh sau:

>> W = feedback ( W
1
*W
2
, W
3
)



5. Tm im cc ca h thng khi bit hm truyn W.

im cc = pole(W)

>> W = tf ([1 2],[2 3 4]);
>> D = pole(W)
D =
- 0.7500 + 1.1990i
- 0.7500 - 1.1990i

7. T hm truyn h thng dng
n
n n
m
m m
a s a s a
b s b s b
s W
+ + +
+ + +
=

...
...
) (
1
1 0
1
1 0

i sang dng zero - pole - gain.
)... )( (
)... )( (
) (
1 0
1 0
s d s d
s c s c K
s W


=

Tn = zpk (W)
>> W = tf ([1 2],[2 3 4]);
>> R = zpk(W)
zero / pole / gain

) 2 5 . 1 2 ^ (
) 2 ( 5 . 0
+ +
+
s s
s


9. Tm gi tr im cc v zero ca h thng di dng hm truyn v b tr chng trn mt
phng phc.
Tm cc gi tr sau khi c hm truyn W h thng.

[ p z ] = pzmap (W)
p =

z =
VD
>> W = tf ([1 2],[2 3 4]);
>> [p z] = pzmap (W)
p =

-0.7500 + 1.1990i
-0.7500 - 1.1990i

z =
-2

Xem b tr trn mt phng phc.
>> W = tf ([1 2],[2 3 4]);
>> pzmap (W)

10. Tm qi o nghim s trn mt phng phc.
>> W = tf ([1 2],[2 3 4]);
>> rlocus (W)
















Chng 8
m phng H thng ng hc
s dng simulink

Simulink l phn mm m phng cc h thng ng hc trong mi trng Matlab.
c im ca Simulink l lp trnh dng s cu trc ca h thng. Ngha l , m phng
mt h thng ang c m t dng phng trnh vi phn, phng trnh trng thi, hm
truyn t hay s cu trc th chng ta cn chuyn sang chng trnh Simulink di dng
cc khi c bn khc nhau theo cu trc cn kho st. Vi cch lp trnh nh vy ngi
nghin cu h thng s thy trc quan v d hiu.
Trong mi trng Simulink c th tn dng c cc kh nng tnh ton, phn tch d
liu, ho ca Matlab v s dng cc kh nng ca toolbox khc nh toolbox x l tn hiu
s, logic m v iu khin m, nhn dng, iu khin thch nghi, iu khin ti u v v.Vic
Simulink kt hp c vi cc toolbox to ra cng c rt mnh kho st ng hc cc h
tuyn tnh v phi tuyn trong mt mi trng thng nht.

8.1 Th vin khi chun ca Simulink:
Mi trng lp trnh Simulink c to nn t cc khi chun trong cc th vin ca
Simulink. Cc th vin Simulink bao gm cc khi sau:























8.1.1 Th vin cc khi Sources (Khi pht tn hiu):
Th vin ny gm cc khi to ngun tn hiu khc nhau. Trong th vin Sources c
cc khi nh trong bng di y:

Tn khi Chc nng
Band-Limited White Noise a nhiu trng vo h
Chirp- Signal To sng sin tn s bt k
Clock Cp thi gian thc
Constant To i lng khng i, tn hiu u vo khng i
Digital Clock Cp thi gian, vi thi gian ly mu
Discrete Pulse Generator Khi pht tn hiu dao ng ri rc
From Workspace c d liu trong vng nh m
From file c d liu t mt file
Pule Generator To cc xung vi cc chu k khc nhau
Ramp Pht tn hiu ng y= ax +b
Random Number To cc s ngu nhin phn b chun
Repeating Sequence To tn hiu tu lp li theo chu k
Signal Generator To cc dng tn hiu khc nhau
Sine Wave To tn hiu hnh sin
Step To tn hiu dng hm bc thang n v (hm bc nhy)
Hnh 8.1: Cu trc th vin ca Simulink
Uniform Random Number To cc s ngu nhin phn b u

8.1.2 Th vin cc khi Sinks.
y gm cc khi dng hin th hoc ghi li kt qu m phng u ra mt khi
trong h thng c kho st. Trong th vin Sinks c cc khi sau:

Tn khi Chc nng
Display Hin th tn hiu di dng ch s
Scope Khi quan st
Stop simulation Ngng qu trnh m phng khi lng vo khc khng
To File Ghi d liu vo File
To Workspace Ghi d liu vo vng lm vic
XY graph Hin th th XY ca tn hiu trn c s th MATLAB

8.1.3 Th vin cc khi Dicrete (tn hiu ri rc hay tn hiu s Z)
Th vin ny c cc khi c bn ca h thng ri rc, cc khi tnh ton trong min thi
gian ri rc. C th bao gm cc khi nh trong bng sau:

Tn khi Chc nng
Discrete Transfer Ecn Biu din hm truyn trong h ri rc
Discrete Zero- pole Biu din hm truyn trong h ri rc thng qua Pole v Zero
Discrete -Filter Biu din cc b lc HR v FIR
Discrete State- Space Biu din h thng trong khng gian trng thi ri rc
Discrete- Time Integrator Biu din tch phn tn hiu ri rc theo thi gian
Fist Order Hold Khu to dng bc nht
Unit Display Hin th tn hiu trong mt chu k ri rc
Zero order Hold Khu to dng bc thang khng

8.1.4 Th vin cc khi Continuous.
Trong th vin ny c cc khi ca h thng lin tc tuyn tnh, cc khi biu din cc
hm tuyn tnh chun. Th vin Linear gm cc khi sau:

Tn khi Chc nng
Derivative Tnh vi phn theo thi gian ca lng vo ( d/dt)
Integrator Tch phn tn hiu
Memory B nh ghi li d liu
State- Space Biu din h thng trong khng gian trng thi tuyn tnh
Transfer Fcn Hm truyn t tuyn tnh ca cc khu hoc h thng
Transport Delay Gi chm lng vo theo gi tr thi gian cho trc.
Variable Transport Delay Gi chm lng vo vi khong thi gian bin i
Zero- pole Hm truyn theo Pole(im cc) v Zero(im khng)



8.1.5 Th vin cc khi Nonlinear (cc khu phi tuyn).
Th vin Nonlinear c cc khi biu din cc hm phi tuyn in hnh cc khi trong h
thng phi tuyn. C th bao gm cc khi sau:

Dead Zone M t vng khng nhy (vng cht).
Quantizer Lng t ho tn hiu vo trong cc khong xc nh.
Rate Limiter Hn ch phm vi thay i ca tn hiu
Relay Khu rle.
Saturation Khu bo ho tn hiu (khu hn ch).
Switch Chuyn mch gia hai lng vo.

8.1.6 Th vin khi Signal & System:
Th vin Signal & System c cc khi biu din tn hiu v h thng. C th bao gm
cc khi chnh nh sau:

Tn khi Chc nng
Sub&Systems Xy dng h thng con bn trong h thng ln
In1 To cng vo cho mt h thng
Demux (phn knh) Tch tn hiu vct thnh cc tn hiu v hng
Mux (Dn knh) Gp cc tn hiu thnh mt vct
Out1 To cng ra cho mt h thng

8.1.7 Th vin cha cc khi ton hc Math:
Th vin Math c cc khi biu din hm ton hc. C th bao gm cc khi chnh nh
sau:

Tn khi Chc nng
Abs Biu din gi tr tuyt i ca lng vo
Combuanatoril logic Biu din bng chn l.
Dot product Nhn gi hai vct
Product Thc hin nhn cc lng vo
Gain B (khu) khuych i
Matrix gain BK c h s khuych i l mt Ma trn
Math function Cc hm ton hc
MinMax Tn gi tr min, max
Relational Ton t quan h
Sum Tnh tng ca cc lng vo
Trigonometric Function Hm lng gic

8.1.8 Th vin cha cc khi Function & Tables:

Tn khi Chc nng
Fcn
ng dng biu thc ton nht nh cho lng vo.
Matlab Fcn
ng dng hm Matlab cho lng vo.
look- Up Table 2-D Biu din tuyn tnh tng on ca hai lng vo
S -Function a mt S-Function vo trong mt khi






8.2 Th vin cc khi m rng ca Simulink:

Additional Discrete: Khi m rng khi tn hiu ri rc.
Additional linear: Khi m rng khi tn hiu tuyn tnh
Additional Sinks: Khi m rng khi quan st.
Filp Flops: Khi m rng cha khi Trig.
Linearization: Khi m rng tuyn tnh ho.
Transformations: Khi m rng cc khi bin i ton hc.









8.3 Cc trnh n thng dng ca Simulink (ca s lm vic untitled):

Cc trnh n ca Simulink nm pha trn ca s lm vic. Khi mt mc trong trnh
n m theo sau c mi tn mu en tr sang phi th s m ra trnh n con, cn khi pha sau
l du ba chm th s m ra mt hp thoi. Nhng mc ng ring bit th kt qu s l mt tc
v trc tip. Trong phm vi phn ny ch gii thiu cc trnh n thng dng trong ca s
untitled.

8.3.1 Trnh n File:
New:
- New/ untitled: M ca s lm vic mi xy dng mt h
thng mi
- New/ library: M ca s t xy dng mt th vin ring
cho ngi s dng.
Open: HIn th mt hp thoi vi danh sch cc file lu,
ta tm file cn m ri kch vo nt Open m file.
Close: ng ca s ang m.
Save: Ghi li ni dung ca mt file.
Save as: Ghi li ni dung ca mt file mi.
Model Properties: Cc thng s ca m hnh.
Print: In mt s khi.
Hnh 8.2: Cu trc th vinm rng ca Simulink
Print Seup: Hin th danh sch la chn my in v kch thc giy..
Exit Matlab: Thot khi Matlab.

8.3.2 Trnh n Edit:
Cut: Di chuyn cc i tng t ca s lm vic vo vng nh
Clipboard.
Copy: Sao chp i tng vo vng nh Clipboard.
Paste: Dn ni dung t Clipboard vo v tr cn chn n.
Clear: Xo cc i tng chn.
Select All: Chn tt c cc i tng trong ca s hin hnh.
Copy Model: Sao chp m hnh trong ca s hin hnh vo
vng nh Clipboard. Khi cn em dn sang chng trnh khc.
Create Subsystem: To mt h thng con t nhng i tng
chn trong ca s hin hnh.

8.3.3 Trnh n View:
Toolbar: Hin th thanh cng c.
Status bar: Hin th thanh trng thi.
Zoom in: phng to m hnh.
Zoom out: Thu nh m hnh.
Normanl(100%): Hin th m hnh 100%.






8.3.4 Simulation:
Start/ Stop: Khi ng/ dng m phng.
Parameters: t thng s cho qu trnh m phng.


- Max step size: Bc tnh ln nht.
- Initial step size: Bc tnh lc u.
- Relative tolerance: Sai s cho php.
- Start time: Thi gian bt u m phng.
- Stop time: Thi gian kt thc m phng.
- Solver option: t bin, thut ton m phng








8.3.5 Format:
Font: Chn kch thc, kiu dng, m nht ca
ch.
Filp Name: Chuyn v tr trn, di tn ca khi.
Hide Name: t n tn ca mt khi.
Show Name: Hin tn ca mt khi.
Flip Block: Xoay khi i mt gc180
0
.
Rotate Block: Xoay khi i mt gc 90
0
.
Show Drop Shadow: To vt bng cho khi Simulink.
Foreground Color: Chn mu cho ng tn hiu v
ng khung cc khi.
Background Color: Chn mu nn cho cc khi
Screen Color: Chn mu nn khung ca s.









8.4 Cc bc thc m phng h thng bng Simulink:

hiu r cch thc xy dng mt m hnh v cch thc chy m phng trong
Simulink ta xt mt v d n gin, m hnh c cc khi :
Signal Generator : Thuc th vin Sources
Gain : Thuc th vin Math
Mux : Thuc th vin Signals & Systems
Scope & To Workspace: Thuc th vin Sinks











Bc 1: Gi phn ng dng Simulink .
Kch chut vo biu tng Simulink Library Browser
Hnh 8.3: Cu trc m hnh cn m phng
Hoc t du nhc lnh trong ca s Matlab Command Window ta g dng lnh simulink
>> simulink Simulink Library Browser









Bc 2: m ca s lm vic:
Kch chut vo biu tng create a new model trong ca s Simulink Library Browser
m ca s mi (Ca s m chng ta s xy ng m hnh m phng n c tn l untitled )


Bc 3: Xy dng m hnh Simulink:
Cc thao tc tm cc khi xy dng m hnh nh sau:
Kch p chut vo th vin chnh Simulink.
Kch p chut vo th vin Sources.
Kch v ko th vin khi Sin Wave sang ca s lm vic ( untitled)
Cch thc xy dng cc khi cn li lm tng t









Hnh 8.4: Cu trc th vin ca Simulink

Kch
chut
vo
biu
tng
ny
Hnh 8.5: Cch thc to ca s lm vic
Th vin
khi
ngun
Th vin
chnh
Simulink
Th vin















Bc 4: Ni cc khi theo s cu trc.
Sau khi cc khi c a ra ca s lm vic ta dng chut ni cc khi theo ng
s cu trc cn m phng, cch lm nh sau:
Ni gia hai khi: a chut n u vo hoc u ra ca mt khi, khi con tr suy
bin thnh du cng th kch phm tri chut ri ko tr chut n u vo hoc u ra
ca khi ca khi cn ni. Nu ta nh phm chut trc ng ni cc khi hon thnh
th on thng s kt thc bng mi tn ch hng truyn tn hiu.
Trch ng ni gia cc khi: Kch phi chut vo im cn trch ri ko chut ta s
c mt ng truyn tn hiu.
Thay i kch thc ca cc khi: Kch chut vo khi sau a tr chut n gc
ca khi ri kch v ko theo chiu mi tn thay kch thc.
Di chuyn cc khi:
Copy cc khi:












Bc 5: M cc khi bng cch kch p chut vo khi . Lc ny s xut hin ca s
Block Parameters .... Ti y ta c th thay i d liu theo mong mun.



Hnh 8.7: Cch ni cc khi theo s cu trc.

Hnh 8.8: Khi thng s
ca khu khuych i.















Bc 6: Thc hin qu trnh m phng bng cc cch sau chn cc cng vic sau trong ca
s lm vic.
- Simulation / start.
- Kch vo biu tng
Start / Pause Simulation.

Bc 7: Ta c th thay i thng s ca qu
trnh m phng
- Simulation / Parameters Simulation Parameters...



















Bc 8: C th ghi li m hnh m phng va to c bng cch chn Save trong
menu File hoc kch vo biu tng a mm trn thanh cng c ca ca s lm vic.
Hnh 8.9: Khi thng
s ca khu To
Workspaces.

Hnh 8.10: Hp thoi t thng s m
phng

8.5 Cc v d:






















































































































































Serial Number:
11-10224-43044-38818-03811-61063-11324
11-30608-63868-33547-31267-29961-41669
11-57331-07688-52528-02324-05637