EXAMPLE 1

Based on example 3.1 in Wayne W. Daniel textbook in page 86. Russel et.al (E1) reported the stroke index values shown I Table 3.2 for patients admitted to the myocardinal-infarction research unit of a university hospital. fWe wish to know whether these data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the medians of the two populations represented by the sample data are different. Let Stroke-index values, milliliters, for patients admitted to the myocardial-infarction research unit of a university hospital Diagnosis Anterior transmural infarction and anterior necrosis (X) 25 25 17 26 18 30 24 21 13 30 20 23 26 12 20 37 9 17 37 20 11 32 16 31 46 20 25 17 36 54 8 26

Interior transmural infarction and interior 43 42 30 20 29 13 32 30 necrosis (Y) 31 21 38 19 38 41 68 28

ANSWER

Step 1: Classify the sample observation as sample 1 and 2. Anterior transmural infarction and anterior necrosis as sample X Interior transmural infarction and interior necrosis as sample Y Assumption: this data consists of two independent random samples X and Y. H0: MX=MY H1: MXMY (claim) Step 2: Find the median from the sample value. 8,9,11,12,13,13,16,17,17,17,18,19,20,20,20,20,20,21,21,23,24,25,25,25,26,26,26,28,29,30,30, 30,30,31,31,32,32,36,37,37,38,38,41,42,43,46,54,68

Find the sample of observation in each sample falling above and below. 8,9,11,12,13,16,17,17,17,18,20,20,20,20,21,23,24,25,25,25, 26,26,26,30,30,31,32,36,37,37,46, 54 The number of observation from sample X falling above the median (A) =12 The number of observation from sample X falling below the median (C) =20 13,19,20,21,28,29,30,30,31,32,38,38,41,42,43,68 The number of observation from sample Y falling above the median (B) =12 The number of observation from sample Y falling below the median (D) =4

Step 3: Draw the contingency table. Relationship to 25.5 Anterior transmural Inferior infarction Above Below Total anterior necrosis 12 20 32 and infarction interior necrosis 12 4 16 transmural Total and 24 24 48

Step 4: Fill in the test statistic.

T=

Step 5: Making decision. We are using , the critical value from standard normal distribution are . Since

-2.45 are in the critical region, so we reject the null hypotheses. By using P-value method we get:

P-value = 0.0142 < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis. Step 6: Conclusion.

Since we reject the null hypotheses, we have enough evidence to support the claim that the two population medians are not equal.

Answer Exercise 3.2 (pg 89)

Step 1: Classify the sample observation as sample 1 and 2. Method A as sample X Method B as sample Y Assumption: this data consists of two independent random samples X and Y. H0: MX=MY H1: MXMY (claim)

Step 2: Find the median from the sample value. 36,37,39,40,41,41,42,43,44,44,45,45,46,47,48,51,52,52,52,53,55,56,58,60,61

Find the sample of observation in Method A falling above and below. 41,41,42,44,44,45,45,48,51,52,52,52,58,60,61 The number of observation from sample X falling above the median (A) =8 The number of observation from sample X falling below the median (C) =7

Find the sample of observation in Method B falling above and below. 36,37,39,40,43,46,47,53,55,56 The number of observation from sample Y falling above the median (B) =5 The number of observation from sample Y falling below the median (D) =5

Step 3: Draw the contingency table.

Relationship to 45.5 Above Below Total

Method A (X) 8 7 15

Method B (Y) 5 5 10

Total 13 12 25

Step 4: Fill in the test statistic.

T=

Step 5: Making decision. We are using , the critical value from standard normal distribution are . Since

0.1634 are not in the critical region, so we do not reject the null hypotheses. By using P-value method we get:

P-value = 0.8728 > 0.05, we do not reject the null hypothesis.

Step 6: Conclusion.

Since we do not reject the null hypotheses, we do not have enough evidence to support the claim that the two population medians are not equal.

Answer Exercise 3.25 (pg 130)

Step 1: Classify the sample observation as sample 1 and 2. Educational handicapped (EH) as sample X Educable mentally retarded (EMR) as sample Y Assumption: this data consists of two independent random samples X and Y. H0: MX=MY H1: MXMY (claim)

Step 2: Find the median from the sample value. 60,62,62,65,65,66,68,68,68,68,70,70,70,70,70,70,71,71,71,71,71,72,72,72,72,72,72,72,73,74, 74,75,76,76,77,78,78,78,79,79,80,82,87,88,88

Find the sample of observation in sample X falling above and below. 68,70,70,70,71,71,71,72,72,72,72,72,73,74,74,75,77,78,78,79,80,82,87,88,88 The number of observation from sample X falling above the median (A) =13 The number of observation from sample X falling below the median (C) =12

Find the sample of observation in sample Y falling above and below. 60,62,62,65,65,66,68,68,68,70,70,70,71,71,72,72,76,76,78,79

The number of observation from sample Y falling above the median (B) =4 The number of observation from sample Y falling below the median (D) =16

Step 3: Draw the contingency table. Relationship to 72 Above Below Total Educational handicapped (X) 13 12 25 Educable retarded (Y) 4 16 20 mentally Total 17 28 45

Step 4: Fill in the test statistic.

T=

Step 5: Making decision. We are using , the critical value from standard normal distribution are . Since

2.2000 are in the critical region, so we reject the null hypotheses.

By using P-value method we get:

P-value = 0.0278 < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis.

Step 6: Conclusion. Since we reject the null hypotheses, we have enough evidence to support the claim that the two population medians are not equal.

Answer Exercise 3.28 (pg 131)

Step 1: Classify the sample observation as sample 1 and 2. Conformists as sample X

Nonconformists as sample Y Assumption: this data consists of two independent random samples X and Y. H0: MX=MY H1: MXMY (claim)

Step 2: Find the median from the sample value. 41,42,44,45,48,48,49,53,55,55,56,57,58,59,59,59,61,68

Find the sample of observation in sample X falling above and below. 41,42,44,48,49,53,55,55,56 The number of observation from sample X falling above the median (A) =8 The number of observation from sample X falling below the median (C) =1

Find the sample of observation in Method B falling above and below. 45,48,57,58,59,59,59,61,68 The number of observation from sample Y falling above the median (B) =7 The number of observation from sample Y falling below the median (D) =2 Step 3: Draw the contingency table. Relationship to 55 Above Below Total Conformists (X) 1 8 9 Nonconformists (Y) 7 2 9 Total 8 10 18

Step 4: Fill in the test statistic.

T=

Step 5: Making decision. We are using , the critical value from standard normal distribution are . Since

-2.8460 are in the critical region, so we reject the null hypotheses. By using P-value method we get:

P-value = 0.0044 < 0.01, we reject the null hypothesis. Step 6: Conclusion. Since we reject the null hypotheses, we have enough evidence to support the claim that the two population medians are not equal.