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bt Zainal Abidin Nombor Matriks : D20019035085 Program : Pendidikan Sains ( AT16) Nama Pensyarah : Dr. Razak Abd. Samad bin Yahya
Sex chromosom e
Twins
Mutation
Meiosis
Dominant Gene
Recessive Gene
determines
Identical Twins
NonIdentical Twins
occurs during formation of Gamete Sex Gene mutations i.e Male Female Containing chromosomes 44 + XY 22 + X or 22 + Y 22 + X 44 + XX -Albinism -Sickle-cell anaemia -colourblindness -haemophilia Classified into
Discontinuous variation
Type of fingerpri nt
examples
Sperm
Ovum
ASSIGNMENT 3 (b)
ANALYSIS THE CONTENT OF THE SUBJECT Subject : Science Form 4 Topic : Heredity and Variation
UNIT FACT 1) Cell division Every living things undergo cell division.
KNOWLEDGE CONCEPT Two process of cell division which are mitosis and meiosis. GENERALIZATION Mitosis : 1 cell divides and produce 2 cells. Having four phases which are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. Meiosis : Forming haploid cells (2n n ). COGNITIVE Understand the process of cell division.
SKILLS PSYCHOMOTOR Able to list all the stages occur in mitosis and meiosis. AFFECTIVE Realise the importance of every stages in mitosis an meiosis.
Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Four cells. 2)Principles and mechanism of inheritance Genes are responsible for define characteristics. Two type of genes are dominant and recessive genes. Dominant gene = which show the characteristics that they control when paired with a dominant or recessive gene. Recessive gene = only show characteristics that they control when paired with another recessive genes. If a right-handed man(Rr) marries a lefthanded woman(rr), the probability of having a left-handed child is 50% [R: dominant gene ; r: recessive gene]
Rr Rr rr rr
Rr
rr
children.
Draw the schematic Differentiate diagram in sex determination. between identical and non-identical twins.
pair of chromosome in chromosome and Y somatic cell. chromosome. Female has 22 pairs of autosome with two X chromosome.
4)Mutation
Gene mutation = albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, colour blindness, haemophilia. Chromosome mutation = Downs syndrome, Kinefelters syndrome, Turners syndrome
Realised that mutation also gives advantages where it can cause variations in organisms.
somatic cell. There are Chromosome mutation = two types of mutation which are gene mutations and chromosome mutation. changes in number of chromosome or arrangement of genes.
5)Effects of genetic
If a normal couple, i.e. no albinism, begets a child, they still having the probability to have child that is normal and also a child who is carrier.
An individual who has 1 dominant gene (normal) and 1 recessive gene (i.e. albino) known as carrier. They are not suffering from albinism but can pass this characteristic to their children.
Aware with what are the characteristics that the future offspring might have from looking at the parents gene.
research on human life gene carrier for a characteristic will inherit it to their children.
Two types of variation Continuous variation = which are continuous and discontinuous variation.
Continuous variation =
characteristics that do not height, body weight, skin show obvious variation in trait of same species. Discontinuous variation = show obvious characteristics in a trait of same species. colour and intelligence Discontinuous variation = ear lobe, blood group, fingerprint.
Human cloning and genetically products become hot issues debated nowadays.
Scientist need to follow a code of ethics when conducting scientific research and knowledge must be used with good.