TRENDS OF COMPOSITES IN AUTOMOBILES

A.Captan prabakaran , Mechanical dept-3year, k.ramakrishnan college of engg, samayapuram,trichy. Email:acprabakar@gmail.com. Ph:9095174585 Abs tract The increasing dependence on technology of our standard of living requires a more technologically trained work force. Though we are facing many trends in the field of automobile, the recent trend in automobile is in the focus of consuming the efficiency of the vehicle by reducing the normal body weight and also the heavy materials that are unnecessarily increasing the weight of the vehicle, this is being a great challenge incase of aircraft, space ships and also all other vehicles, if this is solved our status in technology will rise to a great extent and also allow us to save fuel. In this paper, we are going to have an brief vision on the use of composite materials, so as to reduce the weight of the components that are used in the bodys and the engines by substituting a composite materials that suits for the purpose, mean the parent property of the material that was used already does not reduce in any circumstances. The major n Now a day, automobiles are using heavy materials, which reduce the mechanical efficiency, thermal efficiency and fuel Consumption is increasing vice versa. In our point of view all these drawbacks can be over come by replacing composite materials instead of heavy metals. High specific stiffness and near-zero coefficient of thermal expansions being experienced. In Metal Matrix Composites (MMCS). These are a new class of materials that combine two or more separate components into a form suitable for structural applications. While each component retains its identity, the new composite material displays macroscopic properties superior to its parent constituents, particularly in terms of mechanical properties and economic value. Composite materials Composites are materials consisting of fillers in the form of inorganic, organic fiber k.Raveen, Mechanical dept-3year, k.ramakrishnan college of engg, samayapuram,trichy. email:ravinrk@gmail.com, ph:9003408701 goal is to improve the ratio of thrust to weight. Introductio

or powder as well as mechanical powder of relatively high strength and modulus embedded in or boded to matrix with distinct interface between them. Composites are materials formed from a mixture of two or more components produce a which, material when with combined,

Reinforced thermoplastics: Growth of this category is expected to be two to three times that of reinforced thermo set materials, largely due to the automotive industry, which uses thermoplastics in the production of a wide range of automotive, both exterior and interior. Woven textiles: This category is constantly growing due to important research and development in the sector. Composite in automobile structures Not only the engine, also the frame structure of all automobile are made with the heavy metals so that they can withstand high loads and avoid vibrations made by the motion of the engine parts. From the aspect that lesser the weight higher the thrust the fuel consumption can be decreased and yield value can be increased by substituting composite materials, metal matrix composites (MMCs) and all other plastics, fibers etc, instead of heavy metal sheets and
Composite material Density g/m^3 Tensile strength M pa Youngs modulus Thermal conductivity

properties or characteristics which are superior to those of the individual materials. Most composites are comprised of two parts, namely the polymer matrix component and the reinforcement matrix The component(s). components are The the with polymer material.

materials,which encapsulate the reinforcing resulting matrix reinforcements in place and distributing the load among the reinforcements. Since reinforcements are usually stiffer than the matrix material, they are the primary loadcarrying component within the composite. Reinforcements may come in many different forms ranging from fibers, to fabrics, to particles imbedded into the matrix that form the composite. Three main composite types Reinforced thermo set materials: These materials are used in all areas of application, from traditional semi-industrial processes to open molding techniques or more industrialized processes such as filament winding and pultrusion.

GRAPHIT E KEVLAR GRAHITE KEVLAR FIBER GLASS

1.71

1700

11

39.1

0.7 1.44 0.310

2200 2640 1800

21 59 18

42 41.0 38.5

cast irons, This would help in both ways, for increasing efficiency, and also fro fuel

consuming so as to provide good yield and economic value.

R&d of carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials to reduce automobile weight

Using

carbon

fiber

and

other

continuous

fiber-reinforced

composite materials that are stronger and much lighter than high-tension steel, the technology for designing, forming, and recycling composite
Total automobile efficiency due to weight reduction

materials can be developed and then used commercially. More specifically, structural materials for automobiles will be developed that could reduce the weight of mild steel plate car bodies by 50% and yet still provide excellent safety (shock absorption 1.5 times that of steel). Another goal is to develop the manufacturing technology to reduce the molding cycle to ten minutes or less

Properties of composites used

any other mass-produced vehicles of its type By constructing the vehicle almost entirely the from Aptera composite will be materials,

incredibly lightweight at 386 kg (850 pounds)which would make it the lightest automobile on the road. The vehicle some of uses lightweight use core throughout the sandwich panels, which while natural synthetic are products. materials, engineered others

Reinforcements used include carbon, glass (Rutan weave 7715 and 7725) Materials for automobiles Materials for automobiles Applications 1. Lightweight car Lightweight composite car will be cheap and safe. US startup company Accelerated Composites LLC has designed a composite hybrid automobile that will achieve 116.82 kmL1 (330 miles per gallon) of petrol due to its design and through the use of composites in its manufacture. The two-seater automobile, named Aptera, features an aerodynamic design that, the developers say, will give the automobile a drag factor lower than The new and aramid (Kevlar) fibers. 2. Composite acoustic materials for noise and vibration control development sound of

package at low

components with high performance frequencies is a current challenging problem in noise control. The design of such materials is of utmost importance to the $20 billion automobile interiors market. The project targets this challenging aim by developing new non-homogeneous and/or active foams with enhanced low frequency absorption and/or transmission loss. More specifically, recent advances in

computational and characterization methods for acoustic materials now promise the design of advanced, heterogeneous concepts much more easily than was possible in the past. In addition, active noise control strategies performance have at shown low interesting using frequency

composite materials. Due to the usage of such materials we can over come our entire present situation. The above shown is a multi cylinder engine which is normally used in automobiles, the major weight of an automobiles is its engine due to the presence of heavy metal.

conventional sensors and actuators. The objective of the proposed project is thus to investigate and develop these new technologies for automotive applications. The research is based on a combination of advanced computational and experimental methods. The latter are important to validate the developed computational methods, COMPARISON OF NORMAL AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS: Various nts Cylinder Cylinder head Piston Gudgeon pin Connecti ng rod Normal in engine Hard Cast Cast Cast aluminum alloy Composite material in engine compone materials elucidate the main physical phenomena and test the performances of the developed prototypes. Composites in IC engines: Automobiles companies now not only have to satisfy increasingly legislated environmental concerns over pollution also radically raise engine performance per kilogram of power train weight to offset escalating fuel costs. Fuel economy continuous to generate to save vehicle weight. The desire to save vehicle weight through wider use of lighter metal matrix components, plastics and

Al-Si composite Al-Si alloy, neoprene

Hardene Lexan composite Ni, Cr-vanadium steel s

Crank and crank shaft Fly wheel Gaskets

Ni alloy

Spheroid

graphite

in labor and to eliminate human error while standardizing manufacturing perfect of less than flawless one, one

(nodules of graphite)

thousandth of an inch variance. This will Steel disc Thin sheets, or Ceramic composites allow a rivet free aircraft, save thousands of pounds and an unmatched smooth skin for Neoprene, lexan absolute advantage in laminar airflows and reduction of parasite drag. Such precision has never up until now been achieved. crank iron

and seals metal fabrics Stainless steels Composite materials in aircrafts Composite material has been a godsend for aerospace as the material is light and very strong. Boeing announced it's forwardlooking hope to sell 200 of the 7E7 aircraft in calendar year 2005. Already in December of 2004 Japan Airlines gave its commitment to order 50 Boeing 7E7 aircraft. Boeing has recently received a commitment from Continental Airlines as well for billions of dollars worth of aircraft purchases between now and 2009 to lock in a special price. The 7E7 is a little over half composite and is the first passenger airliner to contain this much composite material. Boeing thru economies of scale is determining ways for robots to build the composite material to reduce costs

Valves

Silicon carbide

Indias status in composite technology

India being a developing country has to put its steps in all technical fields and mark its place in place in each and every one of them, according to present scenario, India has turned its vision over various technical fields the trend can be developed as a challenge to all other competitive countries and to set our goal, we

must implement composite automobiles trend in India, o India vision 2020 o To reduce the depletion of fossil fuels

this effort is taken truly in each and every technical field India will become a prosperous country by 2020. As our honorable former President Dr. A.P.J. Abdulkalam says, dream n dream to succeed. References

o To rise our economical status Reason for not implementing: o Lack of knowledge o Lack of raw material o Initial cost o Price difference compared to other foreign countries

1.

Composite Materials- by Fu Kuo Chang-(1999)

2. Automotive engine repair and rebuilding - byDonkKnowles, Barry Hollembeak, Jack Erjavec (2004) 3. Particulate Metal Matrix Composite material development for IC engine- by Sundararajan.s, Mahadevan.R, Dwarakadasa.E.S. 4. Advances in composite materials-www.catalog.asme.org 5. Composite bodies-www.rmi.org

Conclusion Composite materials in automobiles, holds the key to unlock the door of global competition for India to enter, saying these words we can not succeed any thing as an engineer each and every one should invest all our knowledge and ideas in our own mother nation and give a hand for bringing India as a majestic country with in 2020. If