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Virtualization Technology in Green IT with Cloud Computing Infrastructure

Afshin Rezakhani Roozbahani, Nasser Modiri, Ali Mohammadi


Abstract The importance of IT is increased in ten years. One of the most important scopes in IT is virtualization. This technology helps to creating Green IT. In this paper we get help from cloud computing infrastructure to ready collaborative platform in Internet with placing servers that play the role of virtual machines servers. With this, Green IT can implement in high level and the management of virtualization is increased. With this approach, the concept of Green IT developed faster than before and created a new platform to better implementation of virtualization. Index Terms IT, Virtualization, Green IT, Cloud Computing.

1. INTRODUCTION
nformation Technology (IT)[1] now impacts on almost every part of society. Government spent an estimated 16 billion on IT in 2009[2]. IT is the means by which the government interacts with citizens; the majority of its servicesareprocessedusingITenabledbusinesssystems; departments and public bodies rely on electronic systems to manage corporate functions; and many public sector workers use IT infrastructure in the course of their workingday.YetdespitethebreadthanddepthofITsuse in government, the public sector seems to make less effectiveuseofITthantheprivatesector.TheGovernment is aware of these perceived failings. It has already conducted a series of contract renegotiations with its largestITsuppliersandtheCabinetOfficesfirstbusiness plancontainedfivehighlevelactionsthatmentionedIT[3] Morerecently,itsICTStrategysetoutitsaimtouseITto deliver better public services while reducing costs[4]. The GovernmentisnotaloneintakingarenewedinterestinIT. The NAO published its landscape review of Government ICT in February [5]. Swiftly followed by the Institute for GovernmentsReportSystemError[6][42].

2. ITIL
2.1. Concept IT vendors have traditionally focused technology (tools and systems for management) around operational domains of ITIL such as service delivery and service support. A variety of tools and systems exist for service request management, incident management, problem management, configuration and change management, release management, and software asset management. Ideally, all supporting tools and systems are integrated and share a common configuration and management database. An ITIL best practice is a proven set of documented activities and processes that have been successfullyusedacrossmultipleorganizationsandcanbe reusedwithpredictableoutcome[7,8].ITILitselfisabest practice, but at a rather abstract level which requires refinement and specialization for particular verticals (industries,geographies)andfurtherdownintoparticular clients business and IT environments. Consultants are trainedtomapabstractITILguidelinesintothecontextof different clients. They refine, extend and complement commonITILconceptsintomorespecificconceptsandthe processes surrounding them. Reusing once established mappings is of key interest for IT service providers employing large numbers of consultants to make their work more effective. However, while operational aspects of ITIL are relatively well supported by technology as mentioned before, preoperational stages (particularly in service strategy and service design) are not. Modeling tools such as ProVision [9] and Aris [10] allow the definition of processes and even simulation, but the documentation they produce (files) is exchanged, shared

Department of Computer Engineering, The University of Ayatollah Alozma Boroujerdi, Boroujerd, Iran. Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran. Department of Computer Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.

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and used by traditional means (email, file shares) often losingthecontextinwhichtheywereproducedandused. When projects end, and consultants move to other engagements, remaining documentation frequently becomes unusable due to the lack of contextual information. TheITILLibraryhasthefollowingcomponents: TheITILCorebestpracticeguidanceapplicabletoall typesoforganizationswhoprovideservicestoabusiness TheITILComplementaryGuidanceacomplementary set of publications with guidance specific to industry sectors, organization types, operating models and technologyarchitectures[43]. 2.2. ITIL Services TheITILCoreconsistsoffivepublications.Eachprovides the guidance necessary for an integrated approach, as requiredbytheISO/IEC20000standardspecification[11]: ServiceStrategy ServiceDesign ServiceTransition ServiceOperation ContinualServiceImprovement.

relies largely upon a marketdriven approach. Key topics covered include service value definition, businesscase development, service assets, market analysis, and service providertypes. The ITIL Service Design (SD) volume[13] provides good practice guidance on the design of IT services, processes, and other aspects of the service management effort. Significantly, design within ITIL is understood to encompass all elements relevant to technology service delivery, rather than focusing solely on design of the technologyitself. Service transition, as described by the ITIL service transition volume,[14] relates to the delivery of services requiredbyabusinessintolive/operationaluse,andoften encompasses the project side of IT rather than BAU (Business as usual). This area also covers topics such as managingchangestotheBAUenvironment. ServiceOperation(SO)aimstoprovidebestpracticefor achievingthedeliveryofagreedlevelsofservicesbothto endusers and the customers (where customers refer to those individuals who pay for the service and negotiate the SLAs). Service operation, as described in the ITIL Service Operation volume,[15] is the part of the lifecycle wheretheservicesandvalueisactuallydirectlydelivered. Also the monitoring of problems and balance between service reliability and cost etc. are considered. The functions include technical management, application management,operationsmanagementandservicedeskas well as, responsibilities for staff engaging in Service Operation. Continual service improvement, defined in the ITIL continual service improvement volume,[16] aims to align and realign IT services to changing business needs by identifying and implementing improvements to the IT SUmiTpaL services that support the business processes. The perspective of CSI on improvement is the business perspective of service quality, even though CSI aims to improve process effectiveness, efficiency and cost effectiveness of the IT processes through the whole lifecycle. To manage improvement, CSI should clearly definewhatshouldbecontrolledandmeasured.

Figure1.ITILServices[39]

AsthecenterandoriginpointoftheITILServiceLifecycle, the ITIL Service Strategy (SS) volume[12] provides guidance on clarification and prioritisation of service provider investments in services. More generally, Service StrategyfocusesonhelpingITorganisationsimproveand developoverthelongterm.Inbothcases,ServiceStrategy

3. VIRTUALIZATION
Virtualization, in computing, is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a

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hardware platform, operating system, a storage device or networkresources[17]. Virtualizationcanbeviewedaspartofanoveralltrendin enterprise IT that includes autonomic computing, a scenario in which the IT environment will be able to manage itself based on perceived activity, and utility computing, in which computer processing power is seen as a utility that clients can pay for only as needed. The usual goal of virtualization is to centralize administrative taskswhileimprovingscalabilityandworkloads[17].The followingisthetypesofvirtualization: 3.1. Hardware Hardware virtualization or platform virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual machine that acts like a real computerwithanoperatingsystem.Softwareexecutedon these virtual machines is separated from the underlying hardware resources. For example, a computer that is running Microsoft Windows may host a virtual machine that looks like a computer with Ubuntu Linux operating system. Subsequently, Ubuntubased software can be run onthatvirtualmachine.[17,18] Inhardwarevirtualization,thetermhostmachinerefersto theactualmachineonwhichthevirtualizationtakesplace; the term guest machine, however, refers to the virtual machine. Likewise, the noun adjuncts host and guest are used to help distinguish the software that runs on the actualmachinefromthesoftwarethatrunsonthevirtual machine. The software or firmware that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware is called a hypervisor or VirtualMachineMonitor. 3.2. Desktop Desktop virtualization is the concept of separating the logical desktop from the physical machine. One form of desktop virtualization, virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), can be thought as a more advanced form of hardware virtualization: Instead of directly interacting withahostcomputerviaakeyboard,mouseandmonitor connected to it, the user interacts with the host computer overanetworkconnection(suchasaLAN,WirelessLAN oreventheInternet)usinganotherdesktopcomputerora mobile device. In addition, the host computer in this scenario becomes a server computer capable of hosting multiple virtual machines at the same time for multiple users [19]. Another form, session virtualization, allows multiple users to connect and log into a shared but powerful computer over the network and use it

simultaneously. Each is given a desktop and a personal folderinwhichtheystoretheirfiles[19]. 3.3. Software Operating systemlevel virtualization, hosting of multiple virtualized environments within a single OS instance Application virtualization and workspace virtualization, the hosting of individual applications in an environment separated from the underlying OS. Application virtualization is closely associated with the concept of portableapplications. 3.4. Memory Memory virtualization, aggregating RAM resources from networked systems into a single memory pool Virtual memory, giving an application program the impression that it has contiguous working memory, isolating it from theunderlyingphysicalmemoryimplementation. 3.5. Storage Storage virtualization, the process of completely abstracting logical storage from physical storage DistributedfilesystemStoragehypervisor. 3.6. Data Datavirtualization,thepresentationofdataasanabstract layer, independent of underlying database systems, structures and storage Database virtualization, the decoupling of the database layer, which lies between the storageandapplicationlayerswithintheapplicationstack. 3.7. Network Network virtualization, creation of a virtualized network addressingspacewithinoracrossnetworksubnets.

4. GREEN IT
GreenITreferstoenvironmentallysustainablecomputing or IT. In the article Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices, San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystemssuch as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communicationssystemsefficientlyandeffectivelywith minimalornoimpactontheenvironment.[20]Thegoals ofgreencomputingaresimilartogreenchemistry;reduce theuseofhazardousmaterials,maximizeenergyefficiency during the products lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste. Research continues into key areas such as making the use of computers as energyefficient as

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efficiencyrelatedcomputertechnologies. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has published a survey of over 90 governmentandindustry initiatives on Green ICTs,i.e. information and communication technologies, the environment and climate change. The report concludes that initiatives tend to concentrate on the greening ICTs themselves rather than on their actualimplementation to tackleglobalwarmingandenvironmentaldegradation.In general, only 20% of initiatives have measurable targets, with government programs tending to include targets morefrequentlythanbusinessassociations[21]. Many governmental agencies have continued to implement standards and regulations that encourage green computing. The Energy Star program was revised inOctober2006toincludestricterefficiencyrequirements for computer equipment, along with a tiered ranking system for approved products.[22,23] Some efforts place responsibility on the manufacturer to dispose of the equipmentthemselvesafteritisnolongerneeded;thisis called the extended producer responsibility model. The European Unions directives 2002/95/EC (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive), on the reduction of hazardous substances, and 2002/96/EC (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive) on waste electrical and electronic equipment required the substitution of heavy metals and flame retardants like Polybrominated biphenyl and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in all electronicequipmentputonthemarketstartingonJuly1, 2006. The directives placed responsibility on manufacturers for the gathering and recycling of old equipment[24].Therearecurrently26USstatesthathave established statewide recycling programs for obsolete computersandconsumerelectronicsequipment[25].The statuteseitherimposeanadvancerecoveryfeeforeach unitsoldatretailorrequirethemanufacturerstoreclaim the equipment at disposal. In 2010, the American RecoveryandReinvestmentAct(ARRA)wassignedinto legislation by President Obama. The bill allocated over $90 billion to be invested in green initiatives (renewable energy, smart grids, energy efficiency, etc.) In January 2010, the U.S. Energy Department granted $47 million of the ARRA money towards projects that aim to improve the energy efficiency of data centers. The projects will provide research on the following three areas: optimize data center hardware and software, improve power supplychain,anddatacentercoolingtechnologies[26].

Cloudcomputingisthedeliveryofcomputingasaservice rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software,andinformationareprovidedtocomputersand other devices as a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network (typically the Internet). Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require enduser knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that deliverstheservices.Paralleltothisconceptcanbedrawn with the electricity grid, wherein endusers consume power without needing to understand the component devices or infrastructure required to provide the service. Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption,anddeliverymodelforITservicesbasedon Internet protocols, and it typically involves provisioning of dynamically scalable and often virtualised resources [27,28].Itisabyproductandconsequenceoftheeaseof accesstoremotecomputingsitesprovidedbytheInternet [29]. This may take the form of webbased tools or applicationsthatuserscanaccessandusethroughaweb browserasiftheprogramswereinstalledlocallyontheir own computers [30]. Cloud computing providers deliver applicationsviatheinternet,whichareaccessedfromweb browsers and desktop and mobile apps, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remotelocation.Insomecases,legacyapplications(lineof businessapplications thatuntil now have been prevalent in thin client Windows computing) are delivered via a screensharingtechnology,whilethecomputingresources areconsolidatedataremotedatacenterlocation;inother cases,entirebusinessapplicationshavebeencodedusing webbasedtechnologiessuchasAJAX.Atthefoundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of infrastructure convergence (or Converged Infrastructure) and shared services [31]. This type of data center environment allows enterprises to get their applications upandrunningfaster,witheasiermanageabilityandless maintenance, and enables IT to more rapidly adjust IT resources (such as servers, storage, and networking) to meet fluctuating and unpredictable business demand [32,33]. Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through shared datacenters and appearing as a single point of access for consumers computingneeds.Commercialofferingsmayberequired to meet servicelevel agreements (SLAs), but specific termsarelessoftennegotiatedbysmallercompanies[34, 35].

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Asseenabove,GreenIT,anewsubjectdiscussinpapers is the study of designing and etc such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. On the other hand, cloud computing is Internetbased computing, whereby shared resources, software and information are providedtocomputersandotherdevicesondemand,like a public utility. We propose to create cloud computing platform in any enterprise to place servers as virtual machines in it. These virtual machines can be utilized to implement virtualization and help to Green IT. The proposedapproachisexplainedinthreebelowsections. 6.1. Creating Cloud Computing Infrastructure Aswesaw,Cloudcomputingstructureisthedeliveryof computing as a service rather than a product, so cloud computing structure can be used to create ability of placingservers.

machines.

Figure3.ServersinspecificTopology

6.3. Implemention the Virtualization Inthissectionweconsidertheabilityofabovestructureto implement virtualization. We can place virtual machines ineachserver.Forexample,oneofthemcanbehardware, software, deskotp, memory or etc type of virtualization. this clustering can be changed between different enterprises.

Figure2.CloudComputingStructure[40]

ThecloudcanbeimplementedintheIntranetorInternet scope and maintain the equipments such as servers. Severalenterprisesimplementedcloudintheirenterprise. For example Google [36], Yahoo [37], Microsoft [38] and etc use cloud computing to improve their services. For example, Microsoft has designed Azure windows while considering serviceoriented architecture. This product usescloudcomputinginfrastructureintheInternet[41]. 6.2. Placing Servrers in Cloud Computing Afterimplementationcloudcomputinginfrastructure,we proposetoplaceseveralserversinit.Theseserverscanbe utilized in cloud according to their distances from each other.Theyhavespecifictopologysuchasstar;gridoretc. serverscanconnecttogetherinsecuredplatformandhave

Figure4.ServersinCloudComputingstructure

Figure4 shows servers with different types of virtualization. Of course, this classification can be changed in different conditions. One enterprise can implementcloudcomputinginfrastructureandanyserver consist of one type of virtualization. In the other hand, otherenterprisecanhaveseveralserversandeachserver has several types of virtualization such as hardware and software virtualization. Figures 5, 6 show the difference betweentwotypesinimplementationofvirtualization.

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implementation is good for enterprises that require distributethetrafficrateinallofregionsofcloudanddo not acceptable creating any significant traffic in specific region.Thedisadvantageofthisapproachisitsbottleneck whenoneserverisdisconnected. The elect optimized ordering types of virtualization can be different in enterprise and IT managers can help to decisionthebetterwaytoplaceservers.

6.4. Advantage of Proposed Approach


We consider this approach in some enterprises and find severaladvantagesinitthatisnotedinbelow: DeveloptheconceptofGreenIT. Betterapproachtomanagementofvirtualization. Easierwaystomonitorthesecurityofvirtualization. Persuasionofmanagerstotakethistechnology.

Figure5.Anyserverconsistofseveralrepeatedtypesof virtualizations

Above model in implementation of the virtualizations show the servers with several tasks in each. Each server encompasses several type of virtualization and some of types repeat in another server. This method is useful when the reliability in the enterprise is required and serverscanbechangedwhenoneserversisdisconnected. Of course the disadvantage of this method is the traffic rate that is created in some regions of cloud computing infrastructure. Another method of implement the green IT is shown in figure6.

7. CONCOLUSION
In this paper we suggested a novel approach to improve theGreenITpopularities.Weproposedtocreateacloud computing infrastructure with servers that have one or more types of virtualization. With this approach, the concept of Green IT developed faster than before and created a new platform to better implementation of virtualization.Inthelast,withhavingcloudcomputingto creating virtualization, enterprises can implement virtualizationeasierthatthelast.

REFERENCES

[1] Over the course of this inquiry the terms IT (Information Technology) and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) havebeenusedinterchangeably.Wehavetreatedbothwordsthesame way in this Report and will use the term IT except in cases where witnessesordocumentsreferspecificallytoICT. [2] HMT, Operational Efficiency Programme: back office operations andIT,May2009. [3] CabinetOffice,BusinessPlan20112015,Actions1.81.12 [4] CabinetOffice,GovernmentICTStrategy,March2011,para7 [5] National Audit Office, Information and Communication Technology in Government: Landscape review, HC 757, 17 February 2011 [6] Institute for Government, System Error: Fixing the Flaws in GovernmentIT,March2011 [7] Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), http://www.itilofficialsite.com. [8] ITILBestPractice,http://www.bestmanagementpractice.com. [9] MetaStorm,ProVision,http://www.metastorm.com/products. [10] IDSScheer:Aris,http://www.idsscheer.com.

Figure6.Dividethevirtualizationsunrepeatedtypesinservers

In this method each server able to do specific tasks and same tasks is not repeats in two servers. This

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[11] An Introductory Overview of ITIL V3, itSMF The IT Service ManagementFroum,PublishedinassociationwiththeBestManagement PracticePartnership,2007,ISBN0955124581. [12] Majid Iqbal and Michael Nieves (2007). ITIL Service Strategy. The StationeryOffice.ISBN9780113310456. [13] Vernon Lloyd and Colin Rudd (2007). ITIL Service Design. The StationeryOffice.ISBN9780113310470. [14] Shirley Lacy and Ivor Macfarlane (2007). ITIL Service Transition. TheStationeryOffice.ISBN9780113310487. [15] DavidCannonandDavidWheeldon(2007).ITILServiceOperation. TheStationeryOffice.ISBN9780113310463. [16] George Spalding and Gary Case (2007). ITIL Continual Service Improvement.TheStationeryOffice.ISBN9780113310494. [17] Turban,E;King,D;Lee,J;Viehland,D(2008).Chapter19:Building ECommerce Applications and Infrastructure, Electronic Commerce A ManagerialPerspective(5thed.).PrenticeHall.pp.27. [18] Virtualization in education, IBM, October 2007, Retrieved 6 July 2010. [19] StrategiesforEmbracingConsumerization.Microsoft Corporation.April2011.p.9.Retrieved22July2011. [20] SanMurugesan,HarnessingGreenIT:PrinciplesandPractices, IEEEITProfessional,JanuaryFebruary2008,pp2433. [21] Fullreport:OECDWorkingPartyontheInformationEconomy. TowardsGreenICTstrategies:AssessingPoliciesandProgrammeson ICTsandtheEnvironment.Summary:OECDWorkingPartyonthe InformationEconomy.ExecutivesummaryofOECDreport. [22] Jones,Ernesta(20061023).EPAAnnouncesNewComputer EfficiencyRequirements.U.S.EPA.Retrieved20070918. [23] Gardiner,Bryan(20070222).HowImportantWillNewEnergy StarBeforPCMakers?.PCMagazine.Retrieved20070918. [24] DIRECTIVE2002/96/ECOFTHEEUROPEANPARLIAMENT ANDOFTHECOUNCIL.OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion.2003 0127.Retrieved20091021. [25] StateLegislationonEWaste.ElectronicsTakeBackCoalition. 20080320.Retrieved20080308. [26] SecretaryChuAnnounces$47MilliontoImproveEfficiencyin InformationTechnologyandCommunicationsSectors(Pressrelease). U.S.DepartmentofEnergy.20100106.Retrieved20101030.

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[27] GartnerSaysCloudComputingWillBeAsInfluentialAsE business.Gartner.com.Retrieved20100822. [28] Gruman,Galen(20080407).Whatcloudcomputingreallymeans. InfoWorld.Retrieved20090602. [29] CloudComputing:Clashoftheclouds.TheEconomist.200910 15.Retrieved20091103. [30] CloudComputingDefined17July2010.Retrieved26July2010. [31] Kerravala,Zeus,YankeeGroup,Migratingtothecloudis dependentonaconvergedinfrastructure,TechTarget. [32] Baburajan,Rajani,TheRisingCloudStorageMarketOpportunity StrengthensVendors,infoTECH,August24,2011. [33] Oestreich,Ken,ConvergedInfrastructure,CTOForum, November15,2010. [34] Buyya,Rajkumar;CheeShinYeo,SrikumarVenugopal(PDF). MarketOrientedCloudComputing:Vision,Hype,andRealityfor DeliveringITServicesasComputingUtilities.DepartmentofComputer ScienceandSoftwareEngineering,UniversityofMelbourne,Australia. p.9.Retrieved20080731. [35] Gettingclearaboutcloudcomputing.TheIrishTimes. [36] http://www.google.com/apps/intl/en/business/cloud.html. [37] http://labs.yahoo.com/Cloud_Computing. [38] www.microsoft.com/enus/cloud/default.aspx. [39] http://www.acceleratedideas.com/freeitiltraining/default.aspx. [40] http://singularityhub.com/2008/07/29/cloudcomputingontherise theworldmindisuponus. [41] David Chappell, Introducing the Azure Service Platform, October 2008. [42] Government and IT- "A Recipe For Rip-Offs": Time For A New Approach Public Administration Committee, website: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmpubadm/715/7 1504.htm". [43]Collaboration environment for ITIL , Graupner, S.; Basu, S.; Singhal, S.; HewlettPackard Labs., Palo Alto, CA, USA, Integrated Network ManagementWorkshops, IFIP/IEEE International Symposium onIssueDate:15June2009

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