Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

CHEMICAL NAME

ACRYLIC ACID

THE INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS PRESENTED HEREIN ARE BASED ON SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. CRC MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ON ITS COMPLETENESS OR ACCURACY. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER TO DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL'S SUITABILITY FOR ITS INTENDED USE, THE CHEMICAL'S SAFE USE, AND THE CHEMICAL'S PROPER DISPOSAL. NO REPRESENTATIONS AND/OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, OF THE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR OF ANY OTHER NATURE, ARE MADE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS MSDS OR TO THE CHEMICAL TO WHICH INFORMATION MAY REFER. CRC NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT, ANY OTHER ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR THE USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON, THIS INFORMATION.

CRC PRESS/LEWIS PUBLISHERS DISCLAIMER:

HAZARD WARNING INFORMATION

HEALTH FIRE REACTIVE OTHER DEGREE OF HAZARD
0 = Minimum Hazard 1 = Slight Hazard 2 = Moderate Hazard 3 = Serious Hazard 4 = Severe Hazard

COLOR CODING
HEALTH = BLUE FIRE = RED REACTIVITY = YELLOW OTHER = WHITE

OTHER CODES
OX = Oxidizer ACID = Acid ALK = Alkali COR = Corrosive W = Use No Water

3
Characterization

ACID

SECTION I - GENERAL INFORMATION

RCRA Number EPA Class

Acid, Carboxylic
DOT Proper Shipping Name

U008
Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Number DOT Emergency Guide Code

Toxic Waste 79-10-7 29

Acrylic Acid
DOT Hazard Class and Label Requirements

Corrosive; Corrosive, Flammable Liquid

DOT Identification Number Chemical Formula

UN 2218
Synonyms

C 3H4O2

Acroleic acid; propenpoic acid; glacial acrylic acid; ethylenecarboxylic acid; vinylformic acid.

SECTION II - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS AND IDENTITY INFORMATION

Hazardous Components (specific identity) OSHA Exposure Criteria NIOSH Exposure Criteria Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) ACGIH Exposure Criteria

Acrylic acid

(derivation: Through condensation of ethylene oxide with drocyanic acid followed by reaction sulfuric acid at 320F; acetylene, CO, water, with nickel catalyst).

the hywith and

PEL (skin): 10 ppm 30 mg/m3 STEL: Not Established

REL (skin): 2 ppm 6 mg/m3 STEL: Not Established Not Established

TLV (skin): 2 ppm 6 mg/m3 STEL: Not Established

1 ppm = 3.00 mg/m3

Boiling Point Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) Vapor Density (Air = 1)

SECTION III - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

286F (141C) 3 at 69F (20C) 2.45
Solubility Appearance and Odor Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

1.05
Molecular Weight

72.10
Melting Point

55F (13C)

Very miscible. Also miscible with benzene, chloroform, alcohol, ether, acetone, and organic solvents. Colorless liquid with an acrid odor. Odor threshold = <1 ppm.

SECTION IV - FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA

Flash Point (method used) NFPA Classification

130F (54C) closed cup Class II Combustible Liquid

Explosive Limits in Air % by Volume

LEL: 2.4%
Autoignition Temperature

UEL: 8%

774F (360C)

Extinguishing Media

Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, water spray or foam.

Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Use water spray to flush and dilute a spill and to disperse the vapors. Also, use a water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Poisonous gases are produced in fire.
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

Potentially explosive reaction with strong oxidizing compounds, especially at elevated temperatures. Containers may explode in fire. Firefighters should avoid contact with vapors produced during fire.

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

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SECTION V - REACTIVITY DATA

Conditions to Avoid

Stability
Stable Unstable

Reacts with strong oxidizers. Contact in a closed container can cause rupture of the container. A serious fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. It is corrosive to many materials.
Incompatibility (materials to avoid)

X
Hazardous Polymerization
May Occur Will Not Occur

Strong oxidizers, amines, alkalis, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, 2-aminoethanol. Reactions to amines, imines, and oleum are exothermic, not violent.
Conditions to Avoid

In the presence of a catalyst or at an elevated temperature, polymerization rate may accelerate, causing an explosion. Acrylic acid may readily polymerize at room temperatures.
Hazardous Decomposition or By-products

When heated to decomposition, acrylic acid can emit highly toxic/poisonous gases.

SECTION VI - HEALTH HAZARD DATA

Inhalation? Absorption (skin)? Ingestion?

Primary Route(s) of Entry:

Health Hazards

INHALATION: Extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory system. Inhaled vapors may be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. ABSORPTION: Skin contact can result in burns. Can cause severe eye burns and/or irritation. Absorbed acrylic acid is rapidly metabolized as a short chain fatty acid. Possible skin sensitizer. INGESTION:
Carcinogenicity

Poisonous by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Questionable carcinogenic effects.

NTP Listed? IARC Cancer Review Group? OSHA Regulated? Target Organs?

Questioned Human Suspected Animal

Emergency and First-aid Procedures

No

Group 3

No Specific Listing

Respiratory system, eyes, skin, kidneys, liver.

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure

Respiratory impairments (bronchitis, asthma); Skin conditions (dermatitis); Renal or liver disorders. Eye contact: Flush immediately with water for 15 minutes (minimum), seek medical attention. Skin contact: Remove all contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical assistance. For inhalation: Remove the person from exposure. Provide respiratory assistance and CPR. Transfer to medical facility. If swallowed, seek medical attention.

SECTION VII - PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE

Steps to be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Restrict those not involved in cleanup from entering area. Notify appropriate authorities, as required by SARA III, if applicable.
Preferred Waste Disposal Method

Incineration (with after burner and scrubber).

Precautions to be Taken in Handling and Storage

Acrylic acid is a combustible liquid. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers such as chlorine since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in cool, well-ventilated area away from heat.
Other Precautions and Warnings

Sources of ignition are prohibited where acrylic acid is used, handled, or stored. Storing acrylic acid at temperatures at or below 57F (13.9C), the explosion hazard is significantly reduced.

SECTION VIII - CONTROL MEASURES AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Respiratory Protection (specify type)

When potential for exposures above 10 ppm exist, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with full facepiece, hood, or helmet in continuous flow mode, or use a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Use half-mask respirator with acid cartridge for low or transient exposures (cartridge should be designed to protect against acid vapor or mist).
Ventilation

Local exhaust or general mechanical systems recommended.

Protective Gloves Eye Protection Other Protective Clothing

Acid resistant synthetic rubber

Work/Hygiene Practices

Chemical Goggles or Face Mask

Rubber Apron

Always wash hands thoroughly after using chemical; never bring food, drink, or smoking materials into vicinity of chemicals.

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

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ACRYLIC ACID
C3H4O2 CAS: 79-10-7

CH2

CH

C O

OH

2 3
ACID

IDENTIFICATION AND TYPICAL USES

Acrylic acid is a colorless liquid with an acrid odor. It serves as a building block for the synthesis of other chemicals. It is produced by oxidation of acrolein or hydrolysis of acrylonitrile. It is used in the manufacture of plastics; in paints, polishes, and adhesives; and as coatings on leather.

1 Acute Health Effects

The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to acrylic acid: Skin: Eye: Irritation/rash or burning feeling on contact. Severe irritation; may cause burns and damage.

Lung: Irritation of the nose, throat, and lungs following exposure.

RISK ASSESSMENT: HEALTH General Assessment

Exposure to acrylic acid is possible through inhalation of its vapors and by ingestion. Also, the gastrointestinal tract appears to be the site of absorption of inhaled acrylic acid vapors. In addition, acrylic acid is very irritating to and readily penetrates the skin. Inhalation of its vapors can irritate the nose and throat as well as the lungs. It is a serious eye hazard. Splashing into the eyes can cause damage and loss of vision. Experimental animals (rats) have shown the effects of exposure to include nasal discharge, weight loss, lethargy, and kidney congestion. High exposures (excess of 4000 ppm for 4 hours) has proven to be lethal in laboratory experiments with test animals. Laboratory testing of oral exposures were inconclusive. Although no significant embryotoxicity or teratogenicity could be documented, teratogenic studies in animals are still suspected (animal testing is limited, difficult to quantify, and lack conclusive evidence of teratogenicity). It is still recommended that acrylic acid be treated as a questionable teratogen until further studies verify otherwise. High, excessive, or long-term exposures may damage the kidneys and lungs. Repeated or high exposure to the skin may cause an allergic reaction in some individuals (sensitization). Once sensitized, even very small future exposures to acrylic acid liquid on the skin's surface can result in a recurrence of symptoms, which include rash and inflammation.

CNS:

Inconclusive (possible lethargy, weight loss).

0 Chronic Health Effects

The following chronic (long-term) health effects may occur at some time after exposure to acrylic acid and can last for months or even years: Cancer Hazards: Acrylic acid is a questionable carcinogen in experimental animals. Its carcinogenicity in humans may be suspect, but the data are inconclusive. Reproductive Hazard: There is limited evidence to show that exposure to acrylic acid causes teratogenic effects in laboratory animals.

Recommended Risk-Reduction Measures

Personnel should avoid direct contact with acrylic acid. If a less toxic chemical cannot be substituted for a hazardous substance, then engineering controls are the most effective method of reducing exposures. The best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. While not always operationally feasible, isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respiratory protection is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is still advisable whenever working with or around acrylic acid. A self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with full facepiece and pressure demand is the recommended respiratory protection of choice. If a full facepiece is not available,

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

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then chemical goggles should be worn to protect the eyes. For low concentrations (below 10 ppm), an acid gas cartridge respirator (equipped with a mist/vapor filter) is acceptable protection. Whenever a chemical splash hazard exists, a face shield and a rubber apron should be worn. To prevent hand and skin exposures, acid resistant gloves should be worn. Administrative controls should also be in place to minimize the potential for human exposures. These may include written procedures or policies which specify the methods and techniques that will be practiced whenever personnel are to work with acrylic acid. All personnel should receive training on the use, hazards, protective measures, emergency actions, and other precautions per 29 CFR 1910.1200 (Hazard Communication), prior to the first assignment in an area where acrylic acid is used or stored. Other methods to reduce exposure include:

with oxidizing agents and contact can cause fire or explosion. These characteristics require special consideration during any emergency situation involving a leak or spill of acrylic acid. Should acrylic acid ever come into contact with incompatible substances such as oxidizers, amines, alkalis, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, ethylene diamine, or ethyleneimine either during use, transportation, or storage, the formation of highly toxic and/or highly explosive commodities is extremely possible. The proper disposal/destruction method for acrylic acid waste is to burn it in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and air scrubber. Acrylic acid can enter the environment mainly industrial discharges or spills.

; ; ; ;

1 Acute Ecological Effects

Acute (short-term) toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or fish and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are seen 2 to 4 days after animals or plants are exposed to acrylic acid. This chemical has slight acute toxicity to aquatic life and high toxicity to birds. Insufficient data are available on the short-term effects of acrylic acid exposure to plants or land animals.

Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respiratory protection should be mandatory. Always ensure that proper protective clothing is worn when using chemical substances and that personnel are trained in its use, care, and maintenance. Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to acrylic acid and at the end of the work shift or before eating, drinking, or smoking. Hazard warning information should be posted in the work area. In addition, as part of an on-going education and training program, all information on the health and safety hazards of acrylic acid should be communicated to all exposed and potentially exposed workers.

0 Chronic Ecological Effects

Chronic (long-term) toxic effects may include shortened life span, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior in exposed animals. These effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to toxic chemicals. Acrylic acid has slight chronic toxicity in aquatic life. Insufficient data are available on the long-term effects of acrylic acid to plants, birds, or land animals.

RISK ASSESSMENT: ENVIRONMENT General Assessment

The environment is at risk of exposure during transportation, storage, disposal, or destruction of acrylic acid. In almost every scenario, the threat of environmental exposure is contingent upon the proper handling of the chemical substance. Accidental spills, large or small, can result in fire, explosion, and possible contamination of the surrounding environmental mediums (water, soil, and, to a lesser degree, air). Acrylic acid is considered a combustible liquid. It is also corrosive to many materials. It is incompatible

6 Water Solubility
Acrylic acid is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.

 Persistence in the Environment

Acrylic acid is slightly persistent in the aquatic environment, with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one half of the chemical to be degraded. Approximately 90% of acrylic acid will eventually end up in water; the remainder will end up in air.

1996 by CRC Press, Inc.

Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

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O Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Organisms

Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals as well as humans. The concentration of acrylic acid found in fish tissues is expected to be about the same as the average concentration of acrylic acid in the water from which the fish was taken.

; ;

Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. It may be necessary to dispose of acrylic acid as a hazardous waste. The responsible state agency or the regional office of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should be contacted for specific recommendations.

RISK ASSESSMENT: BUSINESS General Assessment

Accidents or mishaps involving acrylic acid can present a significant threat to business operations. The loss or damage of equipment or facilities can significantly effect fiscal viability. Lawsuits that may result from personnel injury/death, public exposures, and/or environmental contamination will also require a serious expenditure of resources. Media attention surrounding an injury, death, or environmental damage can also result in a loss of profits and loss of current as well as future business.

Recommended Risk-Reduction Measures

Proper training of all transporters will reduce the likelihood of a mishap or accident resulting in a leak or spill to the environment. The correct use of DOT labeling (per the MSDS) on all containers, trucks, and rail cars will enable emergency responders to react properly and quickly to any disaster thereby reducing the potential risk to the environment and to personnel. Storage of acrylic acid should be segregated from incompatible chemicals to minimize the risk of crosscontamination or contact. Buildings designated for storage should be equipped with appropriate fire protection systems (alarms, sprinklers, emergency lighting, portable extinguishers). If a spill or leak to the environment has occurred, fire department, emergency response and/or hazardous materials spill personnel should be notified immediately. Clean-up should be attempted only by those trained in proper spill containment procedures. Contaminated soils should be removed for incineration and replaced with clean soil. If acrylic acid should contact the water table, aquifer, or navigable waterway, time is of the essence. It is highly miscible in water and, therefore, total containment and remediation may not be entirely possible. When such spills occur, the local and/or state emergency response authorities must be notified. A comprehensive emergency response or disaster preparedness/recovery plan should be in place prior to any operations involving the use, transportation, storage, or disposal of acrylic acid. If acrylic acid is spilled or leaked, the following specific steps are recommended:

Recommended Risk-Reduction Measures

Company attorneys, safety and health professionals, and environmental specialists should be involved in the development of any procedures dealing with safety or emergency response. A company official should be pre-designated as a public relations officer with specific training in dealing with the press. Corporate plans and policies should be developed, approved, and implemented long before any need for such arises.

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Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals

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1996 by CRC Press, Inc.