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1
InScribe 2004 phonetic sign list
These are pre-release notes for information and comment. Details are subject to
change. The material is an aid to checking, and may contain errors. It assumes the
reader is familiar with the egyptological phonetic conventions. Please send
comments/suggestions on this draft to saqqara@csi.com no later than April 19, 2004.
About this phonetic sign list
InScribe 2004 follows the usual contemporary conventions for transliterating Ancient
Egyptian hieroglyphs into Latin characters.
The primary sources are Egyptian Grammar Third Edition (Alan Gardiner, Oxford
1957) (EG) and Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture
of Hieroglyphs (James P. Allen, Cambridge, 2000) (ME).
Most hieroglyphic signs have one or more phonetic associations. A monoliteral sign
such as _ (aleph) is strongly associated with the aleph sound transliterated as A (or
A in the computer convention). A sign such as recalls the sound bity through its
usage as an ideogram. A sign such as has an immediate phonetic association with
xhd (xhd) although it is not normally used as a phonogram or ideogram.
A list of about 330 phonetic associations was given in Manual for the Encoding of
Hieroglyphic Texts for Computer-input (Jan Buurman, Nicolas Grimal, Jochen
Hallof, Michael Hainsworth and Dirk van der Plas, Informatique et Egyptologie 2,
Paris 1988). (aka Manuel de Codage, MdC). Their list (and minor variants) is firmly
rooted in EG. In some respects, what is presented here (530 signs) can be seen as an
update to the MdC list for Middle Egyptian although its motivation is slightly
different.
InScribe 2004 makes use of this new list of phonetic associations presented here in the
user interface. Signs that are used as phonograms are differentiated (although of
course they may also function as ideograms). Many other signs commonly used as
ideograms (although they usually also function as determinatives) are likewise given a
phonetic association and highlighted. Signs with a weaker phonetic association (such
as those functioning primarily as determinatives) are not given a phonetic
representation in this edition. Variants are treated selectively rather than en mass.
About 55% of the hieroglyphs in the sign list are labelled this way.
Where a sign has more than one well known phonetic association (T12 is a good
example), the MdC version is used, even when interface issues suggest a more
appropriate value. This is because one application of InScribe is working with MdC
compatibly coded texts so standardisation is important.
In the list that follows, phonograms are labelled with a P, ideograms with an I.
Signs listed in MdC are underlined.
April 3, 2004. Copyright 2004, Saqqara Technology Ltd. - 1 -
InScribe 2004 Phonetics List pre-release information DRAFT v0.1
InScribe 2004 phonetic sign list
A9
kAt kAt
I
C12
q
inmw inmw
I
A12
_
mSa mSa
I
C17
{
mnTw mnTw
I
A15
:
xr xr
I
C18
)
tATnnj tATnnj
I
A17
;
Xrd Xrd
I
C19
[
ptH ptH
I
A19
ik ik
P
C20
]
ptH2 ptH2
I
A20
smsw smsw
I
C30
_
Hp2 Hp2
I
A21
sr sr
I
C33
bs bs
I
A24
j
nxt nxt
I
C148
_
anqt anqt
I
A26
aS aS
I
C148a
_
anqt2 anqt2
I
A27
in in
P
C165
sxmt sxmt
I
A33
mniw mniw
I
C175
mAat3 mAat3
I
A35
_
qd2 qd2
I
C190b
sSat3 sSat3
I
A37
_
afty afty
I
C206a
srqt3 srqt3
I
A38
_
qiz qiz
I
D1
c
tp tp
P
A45
bity bity
I
D2
.
Hr Hr
P
A47
_
zAw zAw
I
D3
Sny Sny
I
A48
ir2 ir2
P
D4
.
ir ir
P
A49
Sps Sps
I
D10
rmi rmi
I
A51
_
Spsi Spsi
I
D11
wDAt wDAt
I
A53
,
twt twt
I
D17
tit tit
I
A55
sDr sDr
I
D18
msdr msdr
I
B3
msi msi
I
D19
fnD fnD
I
C1
_
ra3 ra3
I
D21
,
r r
P
C2
y
ra4 ra4
I
D22
rwi rwi
I
C3
_
DHwty DHwty
I
D23
|
xmtrw xmtrw
I
C4
_
Xnmw Xnmw
I
D24
.
spt spt
I
C5
_
Xnmw2 Xnmw2
I
D25
spty spty
I
C6
inpw inpw
I
D27
.
mnD mnD
I
C7
_
stX stX
I
D28
.
kA kA
P
C8
j
mnw mnw
I
D31
HmkA HmkA
I
C9
HwtHrw HwtHrw
I
D34
_
aHA aHA
I
C10
mAat mAat
I
D35
.
ni2 ni2
P
C10a
mAat2 mAat2
I
D36
.
a a
P
C11
_
HH HH
I
D36a
.
awi awi
I
April 3, 2004. Copyright 2004, Saqqara Technology Ltd. - 2 -
InScribe 2004 Phonetics List pre-release information DRAFT v0.1
D37
.
di2 di2
P
E26
j
Abw2 Abw2
I
D38
.
mi2 mi2
P
E27
]
mmi mmi
I
D40
.
xAi xAi
I
E31
_
saH saH
I
D41
.
ni ni
P
E34
_
wn wn
P
D42
.
mH2 mH2
I
E128
Akr Akr I
D44
,
xrp2 xrp2
I
E166
iHw iHw
I
D45
Dsr Dsr
I
F1
e
kA3 kA3 I
D46
d d
P
F3
-
At At I
D46a
idt2 idt2
I
F4
.
HAt HAt
I
D48
Szp2 Szp2
I
F5
}
SsA SsA
I
D50
]
Dba Dba
I
F7
Sfyt Sfyt
I
D51
.
ant ant
I
F9
pHti pHti
I
D52
mt mt
P
F12
]
wsr wsr
P
D54
;
iwa2 iwa2
P
F13
wp wp
P
D56
rd rd
I
F14
_
wptrnpt wptrnpt
I
D57
iATw iATw
I
F16
db db
P
D58
_
b b
P
F17
{
abw abw
I
D59
_
ab ab
P
F18
bH bH
P
D60
_
wab wab
I
F20
ns ns
P
D61
!
sAH sAH
I
F21
sDm sDm
P
D140
ptr ptr
I
F22
.
pH pH
P
D154
jawr jawr
I
F23
.
xpS xpS
I
D212a
iai iai
I
F25
wHm wHm
P
D218a
.
Szp Szp
I
F26
Xn Xn
P
D279
Xrwi Xrwi
I
F28
;
sAb sAb
P
D280a
Hm2 Hm2
P
F29
\
sti sti
I
E1
kA2 kA2
I
F30
Sd Sd
P
E6
]
zzmt zzmt
I
F31
|
ms ms
P
E8
ib2 ib2
P
F32
~
X X
P
E17
\
zAb zAb
I
F33
sd sd
I
E18
)
wpwAwt wpwAwt
I
F34
ib ib
I
E20
_
stX2 stX2
I
F35
nfr nfr
P
E22
mAi mAi
I
F36
zmA zmA
P
E23
rw rw
P
F37
iAt3 iAt3
I
E24
Aby Aby
I
F39
imAx imAx
I
April 3, 2004. Copyright 2004, Saqqara Technology Ltd. - 3 -
InScribe 2004 Phonetics List pre-release information DRAFT v0.1
F40
Aw Aw
P
G36
`
wr wr
P
F42
-
spr spr
P
G37
.
nDs nDs
I
F44
iwa iwa P
G38
_
gb gb
P
F45
[
idt3 idt3
I
G39
zA zA
P
F46
.
qAb qAb
I
G40
pA pA
P
F50
spXr spXr P
G41
_
pA2 pA2 P
F51
.
is is
P
G42
wSA wSA
I
F51g
Haw Haw I
G43
_
w w
P
G1
_
A A
P
G44
_
ww ww
P
G2
_
AA AA
P
G45
_
wa2 wa2 P
G3
_
mA2 mA2
P
G46
_
mAw mAw
P
G4
_
tyw tyw
P
G47
_
TA TA
P
G5
_
Hrw Hrw
I
G48
-
zS zS
I
G7b
nmti nmti
I
G50
rHti rHti
I
G8
hiknbw hiknbw
I
G53
bA3 bA3
I
G9
_
raHrw raHrw
I
G54
,
snD snD
P
G13
Hrwnxni Hrwnxni
I
H1
Apd Apd
I
G14
_
mwt mwt
P
H2
wSm wSm
P
G15
_
mwt2 mwt2
I
H3
pAq pAq
P
G16
_
nbty nbty
I
H4
nr nr
P
G17
_
m m
P
H6
Sw Sw
P
G18
_
mm mm
P
H7
SA2 SA2
P
G20
_
mi3 mi3
P
H8
.
zA3 zA3
I
G21
_
nH nH
P
I1
aSA aSA
P
G22
Db Db
P
I2
<
Styw Styw
I
G23
rxyt rxyt
I
I3
mzH mzH
I
G25
_
Ax Ax P
I4
sbk sbk
I
G26
DHwty2 DHwty2 I
I5
sAq sAq
I
G27
'
dSr dSr
P
I6
z
km km
P
G28
^
gm gm
P
I7
_
whmanx whmanx
I
G29
_
bA bA
P
I8
Hfn Hfn
I
G30
_
bAw bAw
I
I9
f f
P
G32
_
baHi baHi
I
I10
'
D D
P
G35
_
aq aq
P
I11
DD DD
P
April 3, 2004. Copyright 2004, Saqqara Technology Ltd. - 4 -
InScribe 2004 Phonetics List pre-release information DRAFT v0.1
K1
in in
P
M24
rsw rsw
I
K3
~
ad ad
P
M26
|
Sma Sma
P
K4
XA XA
P
M29
}
nDm nDm
P
K5
<
bz bz
P
M30
[
bnr bnr
I
K6
nSmt nSmt
I
M33
,
it2 it2
I
L1
xpr xpr
P
M33a
_
it3 it3
I
L2
_
bit bit
I
M34
)
bdt bdt
I
L5
~
spA spA
I
M36
Dr Dr
P
L6
xA2 xA2
I
M40
]
iz iz
P
L7
srqt srqt
I
M42
+
wn2 wn2
P
L19
srqt2 srqt2
I
M43
]
irp irp
I
M1
iAm iAm
P
M43b
]
Szmw Szmw
I
M2
Hn Hn
P
M44
spd spd
I
M3
xt xt
P
M163 na rxnswt rxnswt
I
M4
|
rnp rnp
I
N1
=
pt pt
I
M5
j
tr2 tr2
I
N2
_
grH grH
I
M6
tr tr
I
N4
idt idt
I
M7
rnpi rnpi
I
N5
ra ra
I
M8
SA SA
P
N6
ra2 ra2 I
M9
"
zSn zSn I
N7
_
Xrthrw Xrthrw
I
M11
~
wdn wdn
I
N8
wbn wbn
P
M12
xA xA
P
N9
-
pzD pzD P
M13
;
wAD wAD
P
N11
.
Abd Abd
I
M15
mHw mHw I
N12
.
iaH iaH
I
M16
,
HA HA
P
N13
mDdiwnt mDdiwnt
I
M17
,
i i
P
N14
sbA sbA
P
M17a
y y
P
N15
_
dwAt dwAt
I
M18
]
ii ii
P
N16
tA tA
P
M19
aAb aAb
I
N18
~
iw iw
I
M20
_
sxt sxt
I
N19
=
Axt2 Axt2
I
M21
,
sm sm
P
N20
wDb wDb
P
M22
nHb nHb
P
N21
idb idb
I
M22a
nn nn
P
N22
.
gbb gbb
I
M23
sw sw
P
N23
spAt spAt
I
April 3, 2004. Copyright 2004, Saqqara Technology Ltd. - 5 -
InScribe 2004 Phonetics List pre-release information DRAFT v0.1
N24
xAst xAst
I
O29
.
aA aA
P
N26
Dw Dw
P
O29v aA2 aA2
P
N27
.
Axt Axt
I
O30
zxnt zxnt
I
N28
.
xa xa
P
O31
~
aA3 aA3
I
N29
.
q q
P
O32
_
sbA2 sbA2
I
N30
.
iAt iAt
I
O34
z z
P
N34
Hmt2 Hmt2
I
O35
zb zb P
N35
.
n n
P
O36
inb inb
I
N35a
mw mw
P
O38
qnbt qnbt I
N36
.
mr2 mr2
P
O40
rwd2 rwd2
I
N37
-
S S
P
O42
f
Szp Szp
P
N40
Sm Sm P
O44
)
iAt3 iAt3
I
N41
id id I
O45
ipt ipt
I
N64
;
Abd2 Abd2
I
O47
nxn nxn
I
N76
=
HA2 HA2
I
O49
o
niwt niwt
I
O1
.
pr pr
P
O50
zp zp
P
O2
_
prHD prHD
I
O51
1
Snwt Snwt
I
O3
_
prtxrw prtxrw
I
O104
aHHD aHHD
I
O4
h h
P
P3
wiA wiA
I
O5
nm2 nm2
P
P3a
wiAnswt wiAnswt
I
O6
_
Hwt Hwt I
P4
.
wHa wHa
P
O8
_
HwtaAt HwtaAt
I
P5
TAw TAw
I
O9
_
nbtHwt nbtHwt
I
P6
)
aHa aHa P
O10
_
HwtHrw2 HwtHrw2
I
P8
|
xrw xrw P
O11
aH aH
I
P8h
xrw2 xrw2 P
O15
_
wsxt wsxt
I
P9
j
xrfi xrfi P
O16
"
tAyt tAyt
I
Q1
_
st st
P
O18
_
kAr kAr
I
Q2
wz wz P
O21
_
zH2 zH2
I
Q3
.
p p
P
O22
zH zH
I
Q6
|
qrsw qrsw I
O23
_
Habsd Habsd
I
Q7
srf srf
I
O25
txn txn
I
R1
j
xAwt xAwt
I
O26
_
wD2 wD2
I
R3
wDHw wDHw
I
O27
xAwi xAwi
I
R4
.
Htp Htp P
O28
iwn iwn
P
R5
-
kAp kAp
P
April 3, 2004. Copyright 2004, Saqqara Technology Ltd. - 6 -
InScribe 2004 Phonetics List pre-release information DRAFT v0.1
R7
snTr snTr
I
S24
Tz Tz I
R8
(
nTr nTr
P
S25
iaAw iaAw
I
R8A na nTrw nTrw
I
S26
Sndyt Sndyt
I
R9
bd bd
I
S27
'
mnxt mnxt
I
R10
_
XrinTr XrinTr
I
S29
)
s s
P
R11
[
Dd Dd
P
S30
sf sf P
R13
(
imnt2 imnt2 I
S31
(
smA smA
P
R14
(
imnt imnt
I
S32
.
siA siA P
R15
:
iAb iAb
I
S33
;
Tb Tb P
R16
|
wx wx
I
S34
anx anx
P
R17
;
tAwr tAwr
I
S35
Swt Swt
I
R19
;
wAst wAst
I
S37
[
xw xw
I
R20
sSAt sSAt
I
S38
,
HqA HqA
P
R22
,
xm xm
P
S39
,
awt awt
P
R24
nit nit
I
S40
wAs wAs
P
R61
Tniw Tniw
I
S40a
iAtt iAtt I
S1
HDt HDt
I
S41
Dam Dam
P
S3
N N P
S42
sxm sxm
P
S5
sxmty2 sxmty2
I
S42a
nHbt nHbt
I
S6
_
sxmty sxmty
I
S43
md md
P
S7
xprS xprS
I
S44
(
Ams Ams
I
S8
Atf Atf
I
S45
nxxw nxxw
I
S9
_
Swty Swty
I
S47a
bAbAy bAbAy
I
S10
mDH mDH
P S116
ifdi ifdi
I
S11
wsx wsx
P S118
sisi sisi
I
S12
nbw nbw
I
S130a
dAiw dAiw
I
S13
_
nb2 nb2
P
T1
.
mn2 mn2
P
S14
HD3 HD3
I
T3
;
HD HD
P
S14a
Dam2 Dam2
I
T5
HD2 HD2
P
S15
_
THn THn
I
T6
HDD HDD
P
S18
mnit mnit
I
T8
]
tp2 tp2
P
S19
sDAw sDAw
I
T9
.
pd pd
P
S20
.
xtm xtm
I
T10
,
pD pD
P
S22
:
sT sT
P
T11
zwn zwn
P
S23
`
dmD dmD
P
T12
`
rwD rwD
P
April 3, 2004. Copyright 2004, Saqqara Technology Ltd. - 7 -
InScribe 2004 Phonetics List pre-release information DRAFT v0.1
T13
]
rs rs
P
U29
DA2 DA2
P
T14
)
qmA qmA
I
U30
.
tA2 tA2
P
T17
wrrt wrrt I
U31
rtH rtH
I
T18
|
Sms Sms
P
U32
zmn zmn I
T19
|
qs qs
P
U33
ti ti
P
T21
wa3 wa3
P
U34
{
xsf xsf
P
T22
,
sn sn P
U36
[
Hm Hm
P
T24
iH iH P
U38
mxAt mxAt
I
T25
_
DbA DbA P
U109 na sDb sDb
I
T27
.
sxt2 sxt2
I
V1
St St
I
T28
L
Xr Xr P
V2
sTA sTA
P
T29
nmt nmt
I
V3
sTAw sTAw
I
T30
dmt dmt
I
V4
wA wA
P
T31
sSm sSm
P
V5
snT snT I
T34
|
nm nm
P
V6
:
Ss Ss
P
U1
mA mA
P
V7
Sn Sn
P
U3
mA3 mA3 P
V9
C
Snw Snw
I
U4
mAa2 mAa2 P
V11
pxA pxA
I
U6
\
mr mr
P
V12
arq arq P
U8
Hn2 Hn2
P
V13
-
T T
P
U9
HqAt2 HqAt2
I
V15
iTi iTi P
U10
.
it it
I
V16
~
zA2 zA2
P
U11
_
HqAt HqAt
I
V19
mDt mDt I
U13
`
hb hb P
V20
mD mD P
U15
,
tm tm
P
V21
mD2 mD2 P
U16
biA biA
I
V22
mH mH
P
U17
.
grg grg
P
V24
,
wD wD P
U19
nw2 nw2
P
V26
aD aD
P
U21
stp stp
P
V28
(
H H P
U22
,
mnx mnx
I
V29
)
sk sk
P
U23
Ab Ab
P
V30
-
nb nb
P
U24
Hmt Hmt
I
V31
k k P
U25
]
Hmwt Hmwt
I
V32
.
msn msn
P
U26
wbA wbA
I
V33
sSr sSr
I
U28
_
DA DA
P
V37
idr idr
I
April 3, 2004. Copyright 2004, Saqqara Technology Ltd. - 8 -
InScribe 2004 Phonetics List pre-release information DRAFT v0.1
V39
tit2 tit2
I
AA8
qn qn
P
W1
[
mrHt mrHt
I
AA11
.
mAa mAa
P
W2
bAs bAs
P
AA13
.
M M P
W3
Hb Hb
P
AA16
.
gs gs
P
W5
_
XriHAbt XriHAbt
I
AA17
sA sA
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W7
Abw Abw
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AA20
apr apr
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P
AA21
j
wDa wDa
P
W10
o
iab iab P
AA24
mDd mDd
I
W10a
t
bA2 bA2
P
AA25
(
zmA2 zmA2
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W11
=
g g P
AA27
nD nD
P
W13
dSrt dSrt
I
AA28
[
qd qd
P
W14
Hz Hz
P
AA30
Xkr Xkr
I
W15
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qbH qbH
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AA32
sti2 sti2 P
W17
_
xnt xnt
P
W19
mi mi
P
W22
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Hnqt Hnqt
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W24
nw nw
P
W24a
mXnw mXnw
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W25
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ini ini
P
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t t P
X2
0
t2 t2
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X7
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wnm wnm
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X8
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di Di
P
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mDAt mDAt
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Y3
mnhd mnhd I
Y5
-
mn mn
P
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ibA ibA
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zSSt zSSt
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Z1
wa wa
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Z4
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Z7
W W P
Z9
zwA zwA P
Z11
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imi imi
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x X P
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Hp Hp
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April 3, 2004. Copyright 2004, Saqqara Technology Ltd. - 9 -