Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Considering todays requirement of agricultural sectors and also the trend, it becomes necessary to give attention towards farming. In order to decrease efforts of farmer, it is essential to bring the advances in farming. This is possible by taking into account the human efforts that should be reduced to get output from it. As we are also the student belongs to the farmers family, we know for a successful farming how much effort have to put. The spraying is also fatigue full operation out that all. So to reduce effort this will be blessed all farmer brothers and public. As we are engineering level student we tried our best to full all requirement of spraying and covered maximum number of crops that we can be sprayed with the help of this manually operated crop spraying machine. Thus to reduce the effort of farmer in spraying on crops, we have decided to make a CROPS SPRAYING MACHINE. This machine is like a simple lorry. By taking the advantages of rotary motion of their wheels, the pump is rotated to get the pumping action.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY

These Best Knapsack Spraying Practices have been proposed, collated and reviewed during 2008 by experts from 10 countries in three continents. They are intended as a reference source for all with interests in agricultural and horticultural Crop Protection Products [pesticides] in our shared quest to ensure that every operator of knapsack sprayers has the same, equal opportunity to use these products in the safest, most effective and efficient manner. National and/or regional adaptation may be necessary to conform with and/or support local legislation, Codes of Practice and other initiatives that share comparable ideals to these BSPs. It is hoped that these BSPs support rather than conflict with that approved and recognized advice. Any suggestions for improvement, more completeness and updating that are relevant to these BSPs are warmly invited.

Fig. 2.1 Hand operated spraying machine Today, it is as critical as it was decades ago, to ensure crop protecting products are applied in the safest, effective and efficient manner. Much progress has been made but there are still apparent deficiencies; although an International Standard for Knapsack Sprayers is now agreed and implemented there is no corresponding standard or code of practice that identifies and describes how best to use these machines. These Industry Best Knapsack Spraying Practices have been prepared by the partners to meet that increasing demand for such an agreed information base. Clearly, requirements that define Best Knapsack Spraying Practices will vary to meet local conditions. Thus it was critical that international and national experts should collectively contribute to and assess what is required.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

CHAPTER 3 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE EQUIPMENT

1. 2. 3. 4.

The cost is less. Easy to manufacture. Availability can be made easily. The pure rotation of T-adjustment through 360 can be made so area of spraying can be increased. 5. In its main features, it can be used as paint sprayer as well as lawn sprayer by adding very simple mechanism. 6. On the frame an auxiliary tank of same capacity can be placed very easily. 7. So material handling for excess insecticides can be made available. 8. So time for procuring the water (or chemical) from well or source of water reduces. 9. It can be sprayed on the plants at a speed equal to the speed of a healthy man when he walks comfortably. 10. The area covered within small time is more.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

CHAPTER 4 CONSTRUCTION

4.1 V-BELT A belt is a flexible power transmission element that seats tightly on a set of pulleys or sheaves. When the belt is used for speed reduction, the typical case, the smaller sheave is mounted on the high-speed shaft, such as the shaft of an electric motor. The larger sheave is mounted on the driven machine. The belt is designed to ride around the two sheaves without slipping. The belt is installed by placing it around the two sheaves while the center distance between them is reduced. Then the sheaves are moved apart, placing the belt in a rather high initial tension. When the belt is transmitting power, friction causes the belt to grip the driving sheave, increasing the tension in one side, called the "tight side," of the drive. The tensile force in the belt exerts a tangential force on the driven sheave, and thus a torque is applied to the driven shaft. The opposite side of the belt is still under tension, but at a smaller value. Thus, it is called the "slack side."

Fig. 4.1 Arrangement of v-belt pulley

The most widely used type of belt, particularly in industrial drives and vehicular applications, is the V-belt drive. The V-shape causes the belt to wedge tightly into the groove, increasing friction and allowing high torques to be transmitted before slipping occurs.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur Most belts have high-strength cords positioned at the pitch diameter of the belt cross section to increase the tensile strength of the belt. The cords, made from natural fibers, synthetic strands, or steel, are embedded in a firm rubber compound to provide the flexibility needed to allow the belt to pass around the sheave. Often an outer fabric cover is added to give the belt good durability. The data given in this program are for the narrow-section belts: 3V, 5V and 8V.

Fig. 4.2 Cross-section of v-belt and pulley

The pulley, with a circumferential groove carrying the belt, is called a sheave (usually pronounced "shiv"). The size of a sheave is indicated by its pitch diameter, slightly smaller than the outside diameter of the sheave. The speed ratio between the driving and the driven sheaves is inversely proportional to the ratio of the sheave pitch diameters. This follows from the observation that there is no slipping (under normal loads). Thus, the linear speed of the pitch line of both sheaves is the same as and equal to the belt speed, vb. Then

Since R1 = D1/2 and R2 =D2/2, then

The angular velocity ratio is

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur The relationships between pitch length, L, center distance, C, and the sheave diameters are

Where: B = 4L - 6.28(D2 - D1) The angle of contact of the belt on each sheave is

These angles are important because commercially available belts are rated with an assumed contact angle of 180. This will occur only if the drive ratio is 1 (no speed change). The angle of contact on the smaller of the two sheaves will always be less than 180, requiring a lower power rating. Note: the angle of wrap on the smaller sheave should be greater then 120. The length of the span between the two sheaves, over which the belt is unsupported, is

This is important for two reasons: You can check the proper belt tension by measuring the amount of force required to deflect the belt at the middle of the span by a given amount. Also, the tendency for the belt to vibrate or whip is dependent on this length.

The contributors to the stress in the belt are as follows: 1. The tensile force in the belt, maximum on the tight side of the belt. 2. The bending of the belt around the sheaves, maximum as the tight side of the belt bends around the smaller sheave. 3. Centrifugal forces created as the belt moves around the sheaves. The maximum total stress occurs where the belt enters the smaller sheave, and the bending stress is a major part. Thus, there are recommended minimum sheave diameters for standard belts. Using smaller sheaves drastically reduces belt life. The design value of the ratio of the tight side tension to the slack side tension is 5.0 for V-belt drives. The actual value may range as high as 10.0. The factors involved in selection of a V-belt and the driving and driven sheaves and proper installation of the drive are summarized in this section. Abbreviated examples of the data available from suppliers are given for illustration. Catalogs contain extensive data, and step-bystep instructions are given for their use. The basic data required for drive selection are the following:
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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

1) The rated power of the driving motor or other prime mover. 2) The service factor based on the type of driver and driven load. 3) The center distance. 4) The power rating for one belt as a function of the size and speed of the smaller sheave. 5) The belt length. 6) The size of the driving and driven sheaves, as a guide this software suggests selecting as standard input driving sheave that produces a belt speed of 4000 ft/min. 7) The correction factor for belt length. 8) The correction factor for the angle of wrap on the smaller sheave. 9) The number of belts. 10) The initial tension on the belt. Many design decisions depend on the application and on space limitations. A few guidelines are given here. Adjustment for the center distance must be provided in both directions from the nominal value. The center distance must be shortened at the time of installation to enable the belt to be placed in the grooves of the sheaves without force. Provision for increasing the center distance must be made to permit the initial tensioning of the drive and to take up for belt stretch. Manufacturers' catalogs give the data. One convenient way to accomplish the adjustment is the use of a take-up unit. If fixed centers are required, idler pulleys should be used. It is best to use a grooved idler on the inside of the belt, close to the large sheave. Adjustable tensioners are commercially available to carry the idler. The nominal range of center distances should be

The angle of wrap on the smaller sheave should be greater than 120. Most commercially available sheaves are cast iron, which should be limited to 6 500-ft/min belt speed. Consider an alternative type of drive, such as a gear type or chain, if the belt speed is less than 1 000 ft/min. Avoid elevated temperatures around belts. Ensure that the shafts carrying mating sheaves are parallel and that the sheaves are in alignment so that the belts track smoothly into the grooves.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur In multi belt installations, matched belts are required. Match numbers are printed on industrial belts, with 50 indicating a belt length very close to nominal. Longer belts carry match numbers above 50; shorter belts below 50. Belts must be installed with the initial tension recommended by the manufacturer. Tension should be checked after the first few hours of operation because seating and initial stretch occur. Most manufacturers offer two kinds of belts in each cross section. The ones with the "X" are cog belts, and if there is no "X", it is of plain construction. Both types have the same cross sectional dimensions and will therefore fit in the same sheave.

4.2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAME The frame is main support to the attachment, such as pump, tank, battery charging mechanism etc. The is a strong enough to bear load of 40 kg including tank. The tank, gear box, the effort by driver vertically, the frame going to bear such load. Due to load shearing, stress will be including in it. As well as on shaft/axle of the rear wheel the load tank, frame, effort put by driver are going to impact. So while designing/choosing axle we had the stress analysis of the situation.

Fig.4.3 Frame of angle section

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

Fig.4.4 Angle section

SPECIFICATION OF THE FRAME 1) Length in cm- 106 cm 2) Width in cm- 36 cm 3) Material specification- mild steel 4) Frame cross section- angle section.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur 4.3 WHEEL ARRANGEMENT The rear wheels are the wheels which gives the rotation to the free wheel. These wheel are must to rotate the mechanism will not operated.

Fig. 4.5 Wheel When we put the effort on horizontal handle, Ultimately this effort will cause to rotate the rear wheel.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur 4.4 ROTARY BARREL PUMP

Fig. 4.6 Hand operated barrel type pump

FEATURES Cast iron construction Teflon vanes and shaft seal Stainless Steel spring Stainless Steel pickup tube 3/4 Hose barb on spout Aluminum handle Rubber water deflector Stainless Steel bung adapter Stainless Steel hardware
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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Name of manufacturer JIANGSU IN CHINA Type ORIENTAL Maximum head 10 feet Output pressure 10 psi The barrel pump is a rotary pump in which two mesh provide pumping action. This type of pumps mostly used for pumping oil to be supplied to motor, turbine, machine tool etc. Although the rotary barrel pump is rotating machinery, its action on liquid to be pumped is not dynamic and it merely displaces the liquid from one side to other. The flow of liquid to be pumped is continuous and uniform. The theoretical oil pumped per second obtained as Let, N = Speed of the rotating gear in rpm. A = Area enclosed between two success teeth and casing. L = Axial length of teeth

Then, volume discharged per revolution = 2.a.L.N m Therefore, Discharge per second = Volume of oil per revolution x No. of revolution in one second = 2.a.L.n.N/60 m

The actual discharge will be less than the theoretical. Hence, Volumetric efficiency = Actual discharge/theoretical discharge.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur 4.5 NOZZLE

Fig. 4.7 Nozzle

FUNCTION The function of the nozzle is to spray the fertilizer/ or insecticides with high velocity and uniformly. It should be function that the spray should cover all leaves and object to be spayed. It is profitable to us that it will spray maximum areas as possible.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

4.6 FREE WHEEL MECHANISM

Fig.4.8 Free wheel The free wheel arrangement is used to prevent the motion to the pump while in the reverse direction pull by the operator so that the machine can rotate in one direction only. It becomes easy to handle the machine or to pass out the machine in the reverse direction. The above fig. shows the construction and working of free wheel mechanism.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur 4.7 BEARINGS

Fig. 4.9 Bearing FUNCTION OF BEARINGS A bearing permits relative motion between two machine members while minimizing frictional resistance. A bearing consists of an inner and outer member separated either by a thin film of lubricant, or a rolling element. ADVANTAGES OF BALL BEARING: Low starting and running friction Easy lubrication Small axial space Radial and axial loads Predictable failure Can be preloaded Easy mounting DISADVANTAGES OF BALL BEARING: Greater diametrical space More expensive Noisy Finite life Vulnerable to dirt Limited shock loading

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur MOUNTING OF BEARINGS: Mounting Issues Design to fix relative axial/radial location Avoid misalignment: maintain concentricity Consider preloading (to eliminate backlash) Follow Press/Slip Fit guidelines Always press to a shoulder Be aware of shaft hardness requirements NEVER use more than 2 bearings / shaft

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

CHAPTER 5 WORKING OF CROP SPRAYING MACHINE

The crop spraying machine consists of rear wheel, front wheel, frame, tank, sprocket and chain arrangement or belt and pulley arrangement, rotary barrel pump, etc.

Fig 5.1 Crops Spraying Machine

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur 5.1 WORKING: As the rear wheel is in contact with the floor, so after applying effort the machine, due to friction between the wheel and tyre, it will be rotated as freewheel/pulley is mounted on the rear wheel it will rotate in forward direction will cause rotate the pump shaft through the transmission devices. There is increment of revolution, means when the wheel complete one revolution then the rotary barrel pump will rotate through space/large revolution. After rotation of barrel pump the diaphragm inside casing of pump will cause to partial vacuum development and fertilizer liquid/ water / paint etc. due to sucking the fluid there will be an increment in pressure of fluid. So that we succeed in our purpose. From outlet of the rotary barrel pump we gave the pressurized high velocity fluid to nozzle through flexible arm. Spraying is employed for a variety of purposes such as application of: i. Herbicides in order to reduce competition from weeds, ii. Protective fungicides to minimize the effects of fungal diseases, iii. Insecticides to control various kinds of insect pests, iv. Micro-nutrients such as manganese or boron, The main function of a sprayer is to break the liquid into droplets of effective size and distribute them uniformly over the surface or space to be protected. Another function is to regulate the amount of insecticide to avoid excessive application that might prove harmful or wasteful. A sprayer that delivers droplets large enough to wet the surface readily should be used for proper application. Extremely fine droplets of less than 100 micron size tend to be diverted by air currents and get wasted. Crops should, as far as possible, be treated in regular swaths. By use of a boom, uniform application can be obtained with constant output of the machine and uniform forward travel.

BRIEF SPECIFICATIONS: Power required Tank capacity (ltr) Pump inlet dia. (mm) Pump outlet dia. (mm) Displacement volume (ml) Nozzle type Spray angle Pump discharge (ml/min) : One person : Upto 45 Ltr. : 30 mm : 15 mm : 90.00 : Hollow cone : 78 degree : 610-896

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

CHAPTER 6 DESIGN OF MACHINE

6.1 DESIGN OF SHAFT Design of shaft may be on the basis of 1. Strength, and 2. Rigidity and stiffness. In designing shafts on the basis of strength, the following cases may be considered: 1. 2. 3. 4. Let, d = Diameter of shaft A = cross-sectional area of V-belt T1 = Tension in tight side T2 = Tension in slack side Shafts subjected to twisting moment or torque only, Shafts subjected to bending moment only, Shafts subjected to combined twisting and bending moments, and Shafts subjected to axial loads in addition to combined torsional and bending loads.

All dimensions are in cm.

Fig. 6.1 Design of shaft

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur T = Total tension on larger pulley = Coefficient of friction between belt and pulley = Angle of wrap (Belt drive) = Angle between the larger pulley and smaller pulley in vertical plane = Semi-cone angle of V-pulley

Smaller pulley

Larger pulley

All dimensions are in mm.

Fig. 6.2 V-Pulley and Belt Measuring the tensions, T1 = Tension in tight side = 165.5 N Using tension ratio, T1 / T2 = ecosec 165.5 / T2 = e0.25 (/180) 150cosec17.5 T2 = Tension in slack side = 83.32 N Hence, T = Total tension = 248.82 N

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

T2

Tv T T1

TH

Fig. 6.3 Tension in tight side and slack side

Components of T, TV = Vertical component = T sin = 124.41 N TH = Horizontal component = T cos = 215.48 N Now, Equivalent twisting moment on the shaft is given by , Te = But, Te = /16 d3 Since, the shaft is made of material carbon steel 30C8 (Ultimate tensile strength = 600 MPa & Yield strength = 400 MPa), shear strength of material is 50 MPa (From data book). Te = /16 50 203 Te = 78539.81634 N-mm Where, M = Maximum bending moment of the shaft T = Twisting moment of the shaft

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur The shaft carries the weight of frame & weight of the tank. Hence for the design of shaft, taking water as a fluid in tank, weight of the tank is given by, Weight of tank = 45 Kg = 441.45 N Total load on the shaft = (Weight of pump + Weight of frame) + Weight of tank = (13.8) + 45 Kg = (135.378) + 441.45 N = 576.828 N

Vertical load on the shaft at C & D, WC = WD = 576.828/4 = 144.207 N

1. CONSIDERING VERTICAL LOAD DIAGRAM

144.207 N

124.41 N 144.207 N

RA

RB

Fig. 6.4 Vertical load diagram

Using conditions of equilibrium, RA + RB = 144.207 = 164.004

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur And MA = 0 144.207 63.8 124.41 313.8 RA = 64.14 N RB = 99.864 N 144.207 423.8 RA 487.6 = 0

Hence, bending moments are given by, MC = RA 63.8 = 6371.32 N-mm (+) MD = RB 63.8 = 4092.132 N-mm (-) ME = 64.14 173.8 144.207 110 = 4715.238 N-mm (+)

2. CONSIDERING HORIZONTAL LOAD DIAGRAM

RC

215.48 NRD

RA

RB

Fig. 6.5 Horizontal load diagram Using conditions of equilibrium,

RC + RD = 215.48 N

And

MD = 0 RC 360 = 215.48 110 RC = 65.84 N

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur Hence, bending moments are given by, MC = 0 MD = 0 ME = 16460 N-mm (+)

Therefore maximum resultant bending moment is given by, M= M = 17122.06382 N-mm

Let, f = coefficient of friction between wheel and surface = 0.1 (From data book)

Friction force between the wheel and surface is given by, F = coefficient of rolling friction Load on each wheel No. of wheels = f (WC)V 4 = f (WD)V 4 = 0.1 144.207 4 = 14.4207 4 = 57.6828 N

Now, torque on the shaft is given by, T = F Radius of wheel = 57.6828 300 = 17304.84 N-mm

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur Hence, equivalent torque on the shaft is given by, Te = Te = Te = 24343.84 N-mm But, Te = /16 d3 24343.84 = /16 50 d3 Hence, d = 13.54 mm Taking higher value, diameter of shaft is given by, d = 20 mm

6.2DESIGN OF PULLEY

All dimensions are in mm.

Fig. 6.6 Cross-section of pulley arm

Let, b = Width of pulley arm t = Thickness of pulley arm b = Bending stress R = Radius of pulley
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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

Since the pulley is made of Cast Iron (b = 15 MPa) Permissible bending stress is 15 MPa. As the cross-section of the pulley arm is rectangular, its section modulus is given by, Z = b t2 / 6 Z = 34 112 / 6 Z = 685.667 mm3 Torque on the pulley = T = 17304.84 N-mm This torque is equally shared by three arms of the pulley. Hence, torque shared by each arm = 17304.84 / 3 = 5768.28 N-mm Considering the arm as a cantilever beam fixed at the hub, bending moment is given by, M = T = 5768.28 N-mm Now, bending stress is, b = M / Z b = 5768.28 / 685.667 b = 8.4126 MPa < 15 MPa Hence, design of pulley is safe.

4.2 DESIGN OF BEARING Bearing Design Specifications are: Types, series, options Dimensions Load Ratings Static (C0): maximum (pre-damage) load Dynamic (C): the load that will give a life of 106 revolutions Axial/Radial Speed Rating

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur Bearing design equations: 1. Bearing Life

L1/L2 = (F2/F1)a
Bearing Life-Load Equation L = life, millions of revolutions F = load a = 3 for ball bearings, 3.33 for roller bearings Design Equation

L1/106 = (C/F1)a
2. Radial and Thrust Loads

P = XVFr + YFa

Equivalent Radial Load P = equivalent load Fr = applied constant radial load Fa = applied constant thrust load V = rotation factor (1.0 IRR, 1.2 ORR) X = radial factor Y = thrust factor

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

Table 6.1 Dimensions and static and dynamic load capacities of single row deep groove ball bearing.

Thus, from above table, For the diameter d = 20 mm. Bearing No. 6304 (C = 3600 lbs = 15900 N) is suitable for the application.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur Now, the life of bearing is given by, L = (C/Fr)a = (15900/144.207)3 = 1340393.603 million rev.

6.3 DESIGN OF NUT AND BOLT

Fig.6.7 Nut and Bolt

Nut and bolt are subjected to following stresses: 1. Internal stresses due to screwing up forces 2. Stresses due to external forces 3. Stress due to combination of stresses at (1) and (2). DESIGN OF NUT AND THREADED SHAFT:

The shaft of machine is screwed to hold wheel by tightening nut. The screwed shaft and nut are made of carbon steel (ultimate tensile strength = 600 MPa and yield strength =400 MPa). Hence, safe tensile strength for nut and bolt = 300MPa and shear strength for nut and bolt = 50 MPa.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur 1. DESIGN OF BOLT (THREADED SHAFT)

Shaft dia.

Fig. 6.8 Threaded shaft

Let, d = nominal diameter dc = core diameter t = safe tensile strength l = length of threads in engagement Here, the nut and bolt are subjected to tensile stress due to tightening of bolt. Now, initial tension in bolt is given by, P = 1420 d P = 1420 12 P = 17040 N Now, we also know that initial tension in bolt, P = t /4 (dc)2 17040 = t /4 (9.858)2 t = 223.255 N/mm2 < 300 N/mm2 Now, check for shear stress, P = dc l
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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur 17040 = 9.858 12 (since l = d)

= 45.851 N/mm2 < 50 N/mm2

Hence, design is safe and bolt size is M 121.75

Designation of bolt: IS 2389 P 4D.

2. DESIGN OF NUT

Let,
d = nominal diameter w = width of the nut t = thickness of nut

Fig. 6.9 Nut

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur Width of nut, w = 1.5 d + 3 = 1.5 12 + 3 = 21 mm Thickness of nut, t=d = 12 mm Size of nut is M 121.75

DESIGN OF NUTS AND BOLTS USED FOR BEARING CAP:

The nuts and bolts used for the bearing cap are made of mild steel (ultimate tensile strength for the material = 340 MPa and yield strength for the material = 190 MPa). Hence, permissible tensile strength for the material = 56 MPa, and Shear strength for the material = 28 MPa. (From data book) 1. DESIGN OF BOLT

2d

0.8d

Fig. 6.10 Bolt

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur Let, d = nominal diameter dc = core diameter t = safe tensile strength l = length of threads in engagement T = Thickness of bolt head P = radial load on the bearing cap (axial load on the bolt)

Now, as we know bolts are subjected to tensile strength, t = P/(2 /4 (dc)2) t = 144.207/(2 /4 6.4662) t = 2.1958 MPa < 56 MPa Now, check for shear stress, = P/(2 dc l) = 144.207/(2 6.466 8) = 0.44369 MPa < 28 MPa Hence, design is safe and size of bolt is M 81.25 Thickness of bolt head, T = 0.8d = 0.8 8 = 6.4 mm (since l = d)

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur 2. DESIGN OF NUT

Let,
d = nominal diameter w = width of the nut t = thickness of nut

Width of nut, w = 1.5 d + 3 = 1.5 8 + 3 = 15 mm

Fig. 6.11 Nut

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur Thickness of nut, t=d = 8 mm Hence, size of nut is M 81.25

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

CHAPTER 7 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:

1. Eco-friendly equipment. 2. The equipment doesnt need any external power. 3. It construction is robust one. 4. Its use is fatigueless (requires less efforts for spraying). 5. Noise and pollution is totally eliminated. 6. It will spray an area of 1 acre in one hour. 8. It is available at low cost.

DISADVANTAGES:

1. It cant be used for the farming of crops having small distance between them. 2. It cant be used in mud.

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Department of Mechanical Engineering RCPIT, Shirpur

CHAPTER 8 APPLICATIONS

1. It can be used for spraying pesticides. 2. It can be used for spraying water on lawn. 3. It can be used for charging the battery of 6v. 4. It can be used feeding the fertilizers along with spraying chemicals on crops.

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