1

QUESTION BANK

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

2 UNIT- I

WATER

Part A Questions with answers (2 mark) 1. 2. 3.

***Define hardness of water. How it will be expressed? (units) (November 2008, April 2009,
January 2010)

***Distinguish ***How ***What

between carbonate hardness (CH) / Temporary hardness and non carbonate

hardness (NCH) / Permanent hardness. Why? (April 2004, April 2010, May 2011) is hardness of water expressed? Or bring out the significance of calcium Carbonate equivalents? (November 2006, November 2008)

4. What principle is involves in reverse osmosis process? (January 2010) 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

is calcium carbonate equivalent? How do we express hardness of water in terms of CaCO3 equivalent? (April 2009, January 2011)

***What is calgon? What is its role in water treatment? (April 2010, January 2011) ***What are Hardness causing constituents? (or) List out the ions responsible for hardness in
water.(April 2009)

***What

are the disadvantages of hard water in various industries? (November 2007,

November 2008, April 2009)

**What chemicals are used to regenerate the ion exchange resins in demineralization process?
(May 2011)

10. **What is meant by priming and foaming? (April 2011) 11. **What are the major reasons for boiler corrosion? (April 2011) Other Important questions
1. Define hard water and soft water

2. Define electrodialysis & reverse osmosis? (D)

3. What is desalination? Name any four methods of converting sea water into fresh water. 4. What are boiler compounds? Give examples.

5. Difference between sludge and scale formation in boilers. (D) 6. What is meant by caustic embrittlement? How it is prevented. (D) Part B: Descriptive Questions 1.

***Describe briefly zeolite / Permutit process for softening of hard water. What are the merits &
demerits? (April 2007, November 2006, April 2006, November 2007, November 2009, April 2010, January 2011, May 2011)

2. 3.

***What is desalination? Discuss electrodialysis method. Write its working principle, advantages
and limitations. (January 2010, April 2010, January 2011, May 2011)

***What

are ion exchange resins? Explain the method along with the principle involved in

softening water by ion exchange / demineralization process. How is the exhausted resin

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

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regenerated? What are the merits and disadvantages of this method? (April 2004, April 2005, November 2006, April 2008, November 2008, January 2010, April 2011)

4. 5.

***What is meant by Caustic embrittlement? How can you prevent it? (April 2004, April 2006,
November 2008, April 2011)

***What is meant by Priming and foaming? Give the reasons for it. (April 2006, November 2007,
November 2008, January 2010)

6.

***Describe the lime soda process of softening water with the chemical reactions involved. What
are the merits & demerits? (November 2003, November 2006, November 2008, April 2009, November 2009, April 2011)

7.

***Explain

the Scale and sludge formation in boiler. Discuss on their causes, effects,

disadvantages and preventive measures. (or) What are the substances responsible for giving boiler scales in water? (November 2003, April 2004, April 2007, April 2006, November 2007, April 2009, May 2011)

8.

***Explain detail about boiler corrosion (or) what are the boiler problems caused by using hard
water? How they are overcome i.e control methods? (April 2004, April 2005, April 2007, November 2006, April 2008)

9.

**How will you estimate the hardness of water by EDTA process? (November 2006, April 2009,
January 2010)

10. **Explain internal conditioning of boiler feed water. (or) How can scale formation be prevented by
i) phosphate conditioning ii) calgon conditioning iii) carbonate conditioning (November 2009, January 2011, May 2011) 11. Explain detail about reverse osmosis

Different Questions 1. How will you determine the calcium content in water? (EDTA / lime soda / ion exchange) (November
2007)

2.

***Compare a. zeolite process with ion exchange process b. zeolite process with lime -soda process
UNIT- II

c. lime -soda process with ion exchange process (April 2008, November 2008, November 2009)

POLYMERS

Part A Questions with answers (2 mark)

1. 2.

***Define

degree of polymerization. Calculate the degree of polymerization of polyethylene of a monomer. Give its significance. (April 2005, April 2007,

whose molecular weight is 20,000.(April 2005, April 2004, November 2008, January 2011)

***Define the term functionality

November 2006, November 2008, April 2009, April 2011) 3. What is homo polymer? Give one example. (May 2011) 4.

***What is tacticity? Give one example of stereo polymers. (April 2005, November 2006,
November 2007, November 2008, April 2009)

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

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5. 6. 7. 8.

***Differentiate thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Give two examples for each type.
(April 2005, April 2007, April 2009)

**Define polymer and monomer with example. (April 2004, November 2007, April 2009) **What is co-ordination / Zeigler-Natta polymerization with example? Write its applications. (April
2010)

*What are the different methods to determine the molecular weight of a polymer? (April 2011) 9. *Write the preparation and uses of PVC. (January 2011) 10. *Write the monomers for the preparation and properties of Nylon6,6. (January 2010) 11. *What is co-polymer? Give one example. (January 2010)
Other Important questions
1. What are conducting polymers? Give examples.(D) 2. Give the drawbacks of raw rubber. 3. Define vulcanization.

4. Define FRP. What are reinforced materials used in FRP? (D) 5. What is meant by laminar composites/laminates? (D) Part B: Descriptive Questions 1.

***Explain the addition and condensation polymerization reactions with one example for each.

(or) Illustrate addition and condensation polymerization reactions taking suitable examples. (or) Explain the different types of polymerization with example. (November 2003, April 2007, November 2006, April 2006, April 2008, April 2009, November 2009, January 2010, April 2011, May 2011)

2. 3.

***Distinguish

between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Give suitable Examples.

(April 2007, November 2006, November 2007, November 2008, January 2011, May 2011)

***Describe about the bulk, emulsion & suspension polymerization techniques with advantages
& disadvantages. (November 2003, April 2005, November 2008, April 2009, January 2011, April 2011)

4.

***Write ***Write

short notes on preparation, reactions, properties and uses of Bakelite. (November

2003, April 2005, April 2007, November 2008, November 2009, January 2010, April 2010, April 2011)

5. 6.

the preparation, properties and uses of Buna-S and Buna-N. (April 2005, January

2011, May 2011)

***What are polymer composites? What are their applications or advantageous characteristics?
Explain the characteristics & applications of four FRP. (April 2004, April 2006, April 2005, April 2007, April 2008, November 2007, April 2011)

7.

***Give the preparation, properties & uses of Teflon (PTFE), PP, polyester, nylon 6,6, PVC &
nylon 6. (April 2004, November 2003, April 2005, April 2007, November 2006, April 2006, April 2008, November 2007, November 2008, April 2009, November 2009, January 2011, May 2011)

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

5 8. 9.

**Describe any two methods

2004, April 2008)

of determining molecular weight of a polymer (Mn & Mw) (April Explain the mechanism of anionic

**Explain the cationic mechanism of addition polymerization.

polymerization.(January 2010, April 2010)

10. **Styrene is polymerized with benzoyl peroxide. Explain the mechanism involved in this
polymerization. i.e. free radical mechanism (April 2010, January 2011)

11. *How are the i) properties ii) strength and iii) physical state of the polymers affected by their
structure? (January 2010)

12. *What are conducting polymers? Classify the types of conducting polymers and mention its uses.
(April 2010)

13. *Discuss the vulcanization process in natural rubber. (May 2011) Other Important questions
1. What are silicones? How are they prepared? What are their characteristic properties and application? 2. Explain laminar composites.

3. Give the preparation, properties & uses of Butyl rubber & Polyurethane

ELECTRO CHEMICAL
UNIT- III

CELLS & ITS MEASUREMENT

Part A Questions with answers (2 mark) 1.

2.

***What is primary & secondary battery? (April 2005, April 2008, November 2007, April 2009,
November 2009)

***Define the terms "single electrode potential" and "standard electrode potential". (April 2005,
November 2008)

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

**What is the role of Salt Bridge in voltaic cell? (May 2011) **What is meant by the Reference electrode? Give examples. Write the application of Reference
electrode? (April 2011, April 2009)

**What is electrochemical series / electromotive series? (November 2006) ***Define: a) Electrode potential b) EMF (April 2011) ***Derive Nernst equation?(April 2010) *What are fuel cells? At standard conditions what is the voltage generated by H -O
2

fuel cell?

(January 2010)

***Differentiate fuel cell & battery. (January 2011)

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

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10. Distinguish between reversible cells and irreversible cells giving one example for each.

Part B: Descriptive Questions

1. ***Derive Nernst equation for electrode potential and give its applications. (November 2003, April 2008, November 2007, November 2009) 2. ***What are concentration cells? Derive an expression for the emf of a concentration cell. Explain it along with examples. Mention its applications (April 2004, April 2005, April 2007, November 2007, November 2008, April 2009, November 2009, April 2011, May 2011) 3. ***Define emf? How is emf of a cell measured by potentiometric / Poggendorffs compensation method? Write its applications. (April 2004, April 2005, November 2006, April 2006, April 2008, November 2007, January 2010) 4. ***Describe the construction and the reactions of the hydrogen electrode with its advantages & limitations. Write its application. (April 2005, April 2004, April 2006, November 2007, April 2010, January 2011, April 2011) 5. ***What are reference electrodes? How is calomel electrode constructed with its advantages & limitations? Discuss how this electrode may be used for determination of pH of a solution & single electrode potential.(or) Describe the construction and working of the a metal-metal insoluble salt electrode (April 2005, April 2007, April 2008, November 2007, January 2010) 6. ***Explain the determination of pH of an aqueous solution using glass electrode. Mention the advantages & limitations of this electrode. (November 2003, April 2005, November 2006, November 2007), November 2008, November 2009, April 2010, May 2011) 7. ***Sketch and explain the functioning of a leclanche cell during charging and discharging with its advantages & limitations. (April 2006, April 2010, January 2011) 8. ***What is secondary cell? Sketch and explain the functioning of a lead acid storage cell during charging and discharging with its advantages & limitations. (April 2005, April 2007, April 2006, November 2007, November 2008, April 2009, November 2009, January 2011, April 2011, May 2011) 9. ***Discuss the working principle of Ni-Cad battery with cell reactions with its advantages & limitations. (November 2003, April 2005, April 2007, November 2006, April 2008, November 2007, January 2010) 10.

**What

is fuel cell? Describe the functioning of H2-O2 fuel cell with its advantages &

limitations? (April 2010, May 2011)

Other Important questions 1. **Distinguish between a cell & a battery. Give in detail the classification of cells with example
(April 2004, April 2007)

2. **What is electrochemical series? What are its applications? (November 2008, April 2009) 3. *How the single electrode potential is determined? (by using SHE / SCE) (April 2005) 4. *Construct a galvanic cell and explain its working principle. (January 2010)
5. Describe the construction and working of Daniel Cell.

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

7 6. Discuss the working principle of alkaline battery with cell reactions. What are the advantages of
alkaline battery?

UNIT- IV

CORROSION AND ITS CONTROL

Part A Questions with answers (2 mark) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

***Define Corrosion? Give its types. (April 2004, April 2007, April 2011) ***What is Pilling-Bed worth rule? (November 2008, November 2009) ***What is differential aeration or concentration cell type corrosion? Give examples.
2010, January 2011)

(January

**How will you prevent galvanic corrosion? (April 2011) **Differentiate cathodic & anodic coating. ( April 2011) **What chemicals are used as chemical inhibitors in the prevention of corrosion? Give examples.
(January 2010, April 2010)

**What is galvanic corrosion? How it is prevented? (April 2010) 8. ***What is meant by passivity or passivation? 9. *List the corrosion control methods. (April 2009) 10. *Mention any two physical factors which influence corrosion. (May 2011) 11. *Why the differential aeration corrosion is called as concentration cell corrosion? (May 2011) 12. *Write any four advantages of electroless plating over electroplating. (January 2011) 13. *Differentiate electrochemical series & Galvanic series
Other Important questions
1. What is hydrogen embrittlement?

2. Define & State the two conditions for wet / electrochemical corrosion to take place. (D) 3. Distinguish between dry corrosion and wet corrosion. (D) 4. What is pitting corrosion? (D)
5. What is a sacrificial anode? How does it function? 6. What is meant by protective coatings?

7. Write down the factors affecting the quality of an electrodeposit. 8. What is anodizing? What are advantages of anodization? (D) Part B: Descriptive Questions
1.

***a. What is Chemical / dry corrosion? Give examples. Explain the mechanism of dry corrosion
and suggest a method to control dry corrosion. (April 2004, November 2007, November 2008,

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

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April 2009) layer 2.

b.

Explain the mechanism of oxidation corrosion and explain the role of metal oxide

***Discuss the mechanism of electrochemical corrosion by hydrogen evolution type and oxygen
absorption type. Give figures. (April 2004, November 2006, April 2008, November 2009, January 2010, April 2010, April 2011)

3. 4.

***How

will you get galvanic and pitting corrosion? How will you control it? (April 2008,

November 2007, April 2009, November 2009, May 2011)

***Explain the mechanism of concentration cell corrosion / differential aeration corrosion. Give
two examples where that effect is seen. (or) What is meant by differential aeration corrosion? Illustrate with suitable examples. (April 2004, April 2007, April 2006, November 2008, November 2009, April 2011)

5.

***What

is cathodic protection? Explain the sacrificial anode and impressed current cathodic

techniques for the prevention of corrosion. (or) How is steel protected cathodically? Explain method. (April 2004, November 2003, April 2007, April 2006, November 2008, April 2009, November 2009, January 2010, April 2010, January 2011, April 2011, May 2011) 6.

***Write a note on organic and inorganic inhibitors / anodic and cathodic inhibitors used in
corrosion control methods (or) what are corrosion inhibitors? How do they function? (April 2004, April 2005, November 2006), April 2008, November 2007, April 2009, January 2011)

7.

***What are the main objectives of electroplating? (or) Give an account of the method used in
electroplating of Gold on copper. (or) Why is moderate current density employed during electroplating? What are the factors that influence the thickness of the coating in this method? What are its applications? (or) Give a brief account of electro deposition of Nickel. Explain any two factors affecting deposits. (or) What are the criteria for a good electrolyte chosen for electroplating? (or) What are the requirements of good electrodeposit? (November 2003, April 2005, April 2007, November 2006, January 2010, April 2010)

8.

***Explain briefly out anodizing (or) Describe the various features of anodizing of aluminum. (or)
How is it helpful for corrosion protection? (April 2007, November 2006, April 2006, April 2009, January 2011, April 2011, May 2011)

9. 10. 11.

**What

are metallic coatings? How the hot dipping process is carried out? (or) How are the cladding of the metal. What are the advantages of cladding? (April 2004,

galvanizing and tinning are carried out? Bring out the differences. (November 2003, May 2011)

**Explain

November 2006, April 2006)

**Describe the various factors influencing the rate of chemical corrosion. (or) Explain
how nature of corroding environment influences the rate of corrosion? (or) Explain how heterogeneity of metal increases the rate of corrosion? (or) Mention any four factors that affect electrochemical corrosion. (or) How is rate of corrosion influenced by? (November 2009, January 2010, April 2010)

i. Nature of corrosion product

Temperature and moisture v. pH.

ii. Relative anodic to cathodic areas iv.

iii.

Position in electrochemical series

Other Important questions

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

9 1.

***Differentiate

between chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion. Explain the

mechanism of rusting of iron. (Or) What are the conditions for wet and dry corrosion? (November 2003, April 2005, April 2007, April 2008)

2. 3.

*Galvanization of iron articles is preferred to tinning. Give reason. (April 2005) *Give the reason of the following: (November 2003)
a. Corrosion occur in steel pipe connected to Cu plumbing. b. Iron corrodes under drops of salt solution.

4.

*Differentiate between
a. Chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion b. Galvanizing and tinning

c. Anodizing and electroplating. (November 2008)

5. Write a short account on Stress corrosion

6. List out and explain the corrosion control methods. UNIT- V

PHASE RULE
Part A Questions with answers (2 mark)) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

***What is a eutectic point? (April 2005, April 2004, November 2008) ***What is triple point? What is triple point in water system? (April
January 2011, April 2011, May 2011)

2005, November 2008,

***What is condensed phase rule? Mention any two limitations. (or) Give the phase rule for two
component system or condensed system? (January 2010, April 2010,January 2011, May 2011)

***Mention the merits / applications and limitations of phase rule. (April 2004) **What is congruent melting point? (April 2005) **What is metastable equilibrium? (November 2008) *How many phases exist in the following equilibria & find out number of components.
2011) CaCO3 CaO + (Solid) (Solid) 3 phases exist. 2 components. CO2 (Gas) I2(G) (April 2010)

(April

8.

*How many degree of freedom present in I

Other Important questions

2(S)

1. How many phases (P), components (C) and degrees of freedom (F) exist at the freezing point of
water?

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

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Ice + water (Solid) (Liq) Phases (P) = 3 Component (C) = 1 F=CP+2 F = 1-3+2 = 0 2. NaCl NaCl - water water vapour (Gas)

water vapour

(Solid) (Liq) (Gas) Mention the phase (P) component (C) and degrees of freedom (F) of the above equilibria? Phase (P) = 3 Component (C) = 2 Degrees of freedom = 1. 3. Mention the number of components of the following equilibrium? NH4Cl NH4Cl NH3 + HCl (Solid) (Liq) (Gas) (Gas) Here the proportion of HCl gas and NH3 gas produced from liquid NH4Cl is the same. Hence it is a single component system.

4. What is phase diagram? What is the use of studying such diagrams?

5. Explain the uses of cooling curves.

6. What is a eutectic system? What are the uses of eutectic systems? Part B: Descriptive Questions
1. ***Write the Gibbs phase rule equation and explain the meaning of the terms involved in it by taking suitable examples Merits & demerits of phase rule. (April 2004, April 2005, April 2007, November 2006, April 2006, April 2008, November 2007, April 2009, January 2010, April 2010, January 2011, April 2011, May 2011) 2. ***Draw a neat labeled diagram of water system & explain areas, curves and point in it & explain the effect of pressure on the melting point of ice (November 2003, April 2005, April 2004, April 2007, April 2006, April 2008, November 2008, April 2009, November 2009, January 2010, January 2011, April 2011) 3. *** What is thermal analysis? Draw the cooling curves of a pure substance and a mixture and discuss (or) How is thermal analysis done on simple eutectic system? (or) How phase diagram is constructed for thermal analysis data. (April 2004, April 2005, January 2010, April 2010, January 2011, May 2011) 4. ***Draw the phase diagram of (Pb-Ag) system forming eutectic alloy and label all the phases in the diagram (or) Draw the phase diagram of Pb-Ag system and explain the applications of phase rule principle involved in the Pattinsons process of desilverisation of lead (or) How will you construct the lead-silver alloy system by cooling curve method? (April 2005, April 2005, April 2007, November 2006, April 2006, November 2008, April 2009, November 2009, January 2010, January 2011, May 2011)

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology

11
5. ***Draw and explain the phase diagram of copper nickel alloy system (April 2004, April 2005, November 2006, April 2006, April 2008, November 2007, November 2009, April 2010, April 2011) 6. **Discuss the Sulphur system and draw the phase diagram. (April 2005, April 2010, May 2011) 7. **What is meant by condensed or reduced phase rule? What is the number of degrees of freedom at the eutectic point for a two component system? (or) Apply phase rule to binary alloys forming eutectics (April 2004, April 2005, November 2008) 8. *Draw and discuss the phase diagram of zinc and magnesium alloy system. (April 2004) 9. *Derive the Gibbs phase rule. (January 2010)

Other Important questions 1. *Calculate the degree of freedom of the following system. (i). Ice and water in equilibrium (ii).
Silver and lead at eutectic point (iii) Salt solution of NaCl. (April 2005)

2. *Find out the number of phase, component and degrees of freedom in the following equilibria.
(November 2003) (i) CaCO3 (S) (ii) NH4Cl CaO (S) + CO2 (g) x NH3 (g) + y HCl(g) (y >x)

ALL THE

Dr. Sobana Narayanasamy, M.Sc, M.Phil, Ph.D, PGDPL Assistant Professor, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology