Financial Algebra New Course Proposal

NEW COURSE PROPOSAL FORM
Date _____November 6, 2011_______ 1. Teacher(s) submitting request Teacher(s) expected to teach course 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Department Course Title Pro-Tech Financial Algebra John Walker John Walker
School year to be implemented 2012/13 Length of Course: Course Credit: __ ____ semester ______ required __X____ year ____X__ elective 10-12 32 (current limit to computer lab)
Appropriate grade level(s)
Anticipated number of students that will be involved Pre-requisite courses: Algebra I Articulation with MHCC for credit? _____yes
__X___no ___X__no
This course can be repeated for credit: _____yes
12.
Explain why this course is needed. How will it benefit our students? How does it differ from current courses offered? How does this course enhance or relate to overall school goals and educational experiences appropriate for the 21st Century?
This course is proposed as a course that can be taken concurrently with Geometry, Algebra 2, or PreCalc. It is primarily geared as a course for students who may have experienced difficulty in Algebra 1 and/or Geometry and may not be ready for Algebra 2 or Precalculus. It will provide a Math Elective Credit It is A mathematically rigorous, algebra-based course. (Not an arithmetic-based personal finance course). Algebra 1 is the prerequisite, and Algebra 1 skills are reinforced throughout. Includes selected topics from Algebra 2, Precalculus, Statistics, Probability and Geometry that are taught at an ability-appropriate level for the Algebra 1-prerequisite audience. It is technology-dependent and applications-oriented.
JCM/pkh 10/07
13. Course Description: (this must be in its final form when the proposal is made as it will be used in the course planning guide)
In Financial Algebra, the mathematics necessary for daily living is embedded in content that directly relates to financial decisions adults make in their daily lives. The mathematical formulas, functions, and representations used in Financial Algebra will assist you in making sense of the financial world through mathematical modeling and provide you with the ability to make sound financial decisions based on data.
14. General Course Outline: (briefly outline course objectives and what will be covered) A. Semester I:
See Attached Syllabus:
B.
Semester II (if applicable):
See Attached Syllabus:
15. List all state standards and graduation requirements that will be addressed in this course. How does the course fit with districts curriculum strands, standards-based instruction, career-related learning, and ongoing school goals?
See attached alignment with Common Core State Standards which are undergoing adoption in the State of Oregon for alignment.
JCM/pkh 10/07
16. What methods or indicators will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of this class and/or program?
Successful integration of a learner into Algebra 2.
17. Budget: What additional materials and resources will be necessary to offer this course? How will these requests be funded? Textbooks could be purchased at a cost of $3786.12 or a set of materials at $1000 could be purchased and entire course converted to Moodle, which is the recommendation.
Funding is a part of the request A. Operating Expenses: 1) 2)

JCM/pkh 10/07
Materials (textbooks, literature selections, etc.) Copying services
$__1000____ $___________
3
3) 4)
Office/classroom supplies Technology (software, etc.)
$___________ $__________ $___________ $___________
B. Equipment C. Other Misc. Expenses
D. List any items not covered: Course will be hosted on Integrated Media Moodle Server, Class is dependant on daily technological and application utilization Instructor Training is $300 plus travel and expenses during summer Two Week stipend for instructor to convert materials $ N/A
1000.
E. Total Estimated Cost of the course(s)
$2000+Stipend
18. Assuming we receive no additional FTE, how will we staff sections of this course? Course will be staffed by assigning the IT teacher, who will be Math Endorsed, to two of four sections. As course is to be converted to a online learning management system, additional resources from either an Algebra I or 1.5 course could be assigned based on skills and experience in finance.
19. How will the master schedule be impacted by the adoption of this course?
Two sections are foreseen to be conducted in Room 509, two sections would need to be in an additional lab with computers and projector access for instructor/students to access Learning Management on a daily basis.
20. Indicate whether research and best practice supports adoption of this course. Please attach information from external sources (news articles, professional journals, research data, surveys, etc.) that support adoption of this course. There are a number of articles and learning research to support connected learning through application. A quick Google search yields numerous Article from the NYTimes on April 9, 2010 Most Americans arent fluent in the language of money. Yet were expected to make big
JCM/pkh 10/07 4
financial decisions as early as our teens even though most of us received no formal instruction on financial matters until it is too late. All of this raises the question: Whats happening inside our classrooms? And how many schools even broach the topic? As it turns out, for a country that prizes personal responsibility, were doing very little.
21. If this proposal is an extension of, or addition to, a previous adopted course, please explain. Course may be considered as an alternate to Algebra 1.5.
22. Briefly explain the primary instructional practices that will be used to teach this course. How do the practices align with the districts instructional model?
One can teach computer science concepts so that students have immediate visual feedback at least in the beginning. They will truly understand what they have done right and wrong because they can see it. Students should not lose sight of computer science as they examine the details of the computer language. This undertaking is not too difficult since algorithms that solve a variety of robot tasks are both plentiful and provocative, as are the topics of study associated with them. Emphasis is placed on having creativity and imagination be their guides. A goal for students is to be enjoying computer science at the level that it is most inspiringthe conceptual level.
This new course proposal has been approved by:
Department
_________________________________________ Date __________________ Department Chair Signature
JCM/pkh 10/07
Principal
_________________________________________ Date __________________ Principal Signature
District
_________________________________________ Date __________________ Director of K-12 Curriculum
JCM/pkh 10/07
Financial Algebra Syllabus & Essential Elements Chapter 1: The Stock Market (approximately 20 days)
Students are introduced to basic business organization terminology in order to read, interpret and chart stock ownership and transaction data. 1-1 Business Organizations (1 day) Objectives Learn the basic vocabulary of business organizations. Compute financial responsibility of business ownership based on ratios and percents Key Terms Capital, corporation, limited liability, partnership, personally liable profit, public corporation, shareholders, shares of stock, sole proprietorship Stock Market Data (2 days) Objectives Use stock data to follow the daily progress of a corporate stock. Write spreadsheet formulas. Key Terms 52-week high, 52-week low, after-hours trading, cell, close, high, last, low, NASDAQ, net change, NYSE, sales in 100s, spreadsheet, stock market, trades, volume Stock Market Data Charts (3 days) Objectives Interpret a stock bar chart. Create a stock bar chart. Interpret a stock candlestick chart. Create a stock candlestick chart. Key Terms Candlestick chart, stock bar chart, stock chart Simple Moving Averages (3 days) Objectives Understand how data is smoothed. Calculate simple moving averages using the arithmetic average formula. Calculate simple moving averages using the subtraction and addition method. Graph simple moving averages using a spreadsheet. Key Terms Arithmetic average (mean), crossover, fast moving average, lagging indicators, simple moving average (SMA), slow moving average, smoothing techniques
1-2
1-3
1-4
Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi
Page 1
1-5
Stock Market Ticker (1 day) Objectives Understand stock market ticker information. Determine the total value of a trade from ticker information. Determine trade volumes from ticker information. Key Terms Daily money flow, directional arrow, Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), downtick, money flow, negative money flow, net money flow, positive money flow, stock symbol, ticker, ticker symbol, total value of a trade, trading price, trading volume, uptick Stock Transactions (2 days) Objectives Learn the basic vocabulary of buying and selling stock. Compute gains and losses from stock trades. Key Terms Gross capital gain, gross capitol loss, odd lot, portfolio, round lot, trade Stock Transaction Fees (2 days) Objectives Compute the fees involved in buying and selling stocks. Become familiar with the basic vocabulary of stock trading. Key Terms At the market, broker fee, commission, discount broker, limit order, net proceeds, stockbroker Stock Splits (3 days) Objectives Calculate the post-split outstanding shares and share price for a traditional split. Calculate the post-split outstanding shares and share price for a reverse split. Calculate the fractional value amount that a shareholder receives after a split. Key Terms Fractional part of a share, market capitalization (market cap), outstanding shares, penny stock, reverse stock split, stock split, traditional stock split Dividend Income (2 days) Objectives Understand the concept of shareowners splitting the profit for the corporation they own. Compute dividend income. Compute the yield for a given stock. Compute the interest earned on corporate bonds. Key Terms Common stock, corporate bonds, dividend, dividend income, face value, growth stock, income stock, matures, preferred stock, yield
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9
Page 2
Chapter 1 Mathematics Topics Constructing, using, and interpreting algebraic ratios and proportions Given investment ratios of the form r1 : r2 : ...: rn 1 : rn and a total T, write and solve the investment equation r1 x + r2 x + ...+ rn 1 x + rn x = T and determine the investment amount associated with each ratio Determining, using, and interpreting percent increase/decrease of stock transaction prices Determining, using, and interpreting percent net change of stock transaction prices Constructing and interpreting stock bar and candlestick charts Given a set of n closing prices, p1, p2 , p3, ..., pn 1, pn , calculate and interpret d-day simple moving averages by applying the Arithmetic Average Formula and the Subtraction/Addition Method Use and interpret stock market ticker notation of the form SYM PK@D#C where SYM is the corporation symbol, Px1000 is the transaction amount (K=1000), D is the transaction price per share, # is either (increase) or (decrease), and C is the change from the previous days closing price In situations where w represents the purchase price for a set number of shares, y represents the selling price of that same number of shares , and x represents the percent y w increase/decrease of an investment, use the equation x = to determine the percent w increase of an investment In any a-for-b stock split, let P represent the pre-split price per share, calculate the postb split price per share using P a In any a-for-b stock split, let D represent the pre-split number of shares, calculate the a post-split number of shares using D b A Calculate the stock yield percentage using the formula Yield = 100, where A C represents the annual dividend per share and C represents the current price per share
Page 3
Chapter 2: Modeling a Business (approximately 20 days)

Statistical analysis plays a very important role in the modeling of a business. Using linear, quadratic, and regression equations in that process assist students in getting a complete picture of supply, demand, expense, revenue, and profit as they relate to the sale of a product.
2-1
Interpret Scatterplots (2 days) Objectives Graph bivariate data. Interpret trends based on scatterplots. Draw lines and curves of best fit. Key Terms Bivariate data, causal relationship, correlation, data, explanatory variable, negative correlation, positive correlation, response variable, scatterplot, trend, univariate data
2-2
Linear Regression (3 days) Objectives Be able to fit a regression line to a scatterplot. Find and interpret correlation coefficients. Make predictions based on lines of best fit. Key Terms Correlation coefficient, domain, extrapolation, interpolation, least squares line, linear regression line, line of best fit, moderate correlation, range, strong correlation, weak correlation
2-3
Supply and Demand (2 days) Objectives Understand the slopes of supply and demand curves. Find points of equilibrium. Key Terms Demand, demand function, equilibrium, function, markup, retail price, shift, supply, wholesale price, widget
2-4
Fixed and Variable Expenses (2 days) Objectives Understand the differences between fixed and variable expenses. Create an expense equation based on fixed and variable expenses. Key Terms Breakeven point, expense equation, fixed expenses, loss, profit, revenue, revenue equation, variable expenses
Page 4
2-5
Graphs of Expense and Revenue Functions (3 days) Objectives Write, graph, and interpret the expense function. Write, graph, and interpret the revenue function. Identify the point of intersection of the expense and revenue functions. Identify breakeven points and explain them in the context of the problem. Key Terms Axis of symmetry, leading coefficient, maximum value, nonlinear function, parabola, quadratic equation, second degree equation, vertex of a parabola Breakeven Analysis (2 days) Objectives Determine the breakeven prices and amounts using technology and/or algebra. Key Terms Quadratic formula, zero net difference The Profit Equation (3 days) Objectives Determine a profit equation given the expense and revenue equations. Determine the maximum profit and the price at which that maximum is attained. Key Terms Maximum profit, profit Mathematically Modeling a Business (2 days) Objectives Recognize the transitive property of dependence as it is used in a business model. Use multiple pieces of information, equations, and methodologies to model a new business. Key Terms Dependence, transitive property of dependence
2-6
2-7
2-8
Chapter 2 Mathematics Topics Constructing and interpreting scatterplots
Operations with functions Evaluating functions and using them to model situations Translating verbal situations into algebraic linear functions Translating verbal situations into quadratic functions
Page 5
Creating rational functions of the form
f ( x) =
mx + b x
Translating verbal situations into linear and quadratic inequalities Solving linear systems of equations and inequalities such as:
Solving systems of linear equations and inequalities in two variables Identifying domains for which f(x) > g(x), f(x) = g(x), and f(x) < g(x) Identifying form, direction, and strength from a scatterplot Finding, interpreting, and graphing linear regression equations Determining domains for which prediction using a regression line is considered extrapolating or interpolating Finding and interpreting the Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation Finding the axis of symmetry concavity of parabolic curves Using the quadratic formula
x=
b b b , vertex , f , roots, and the 2a 2a 2a

2
b 2 4ac b if ax + bx + c = 0 then x = 2a 2a
Finding and interpreting quadratic regression equations Solving linear-quadratic systems of equations and inequalities such as:
Page 6
Finding absolute and relative extrema Causation vs. correlation for bivariate data Identifying explanatory and response variables Identifying and diagramming lurking variables such as:
Using the slope-intercept form of a linear equation Interpreting slope as a rate of change
y = mx + b
y x
Using the transitive property of dependence Determining the zero net difference Writing algebraic formulas for use in spreadsheets Rational Expressions Algebraic fractions, ratios, and proportions Writing literal equations
Page 7
Solving linear equations and inequalities Calculating moving averages Reading and interpreting data in pictorial representations Algebraic representations of percent, percent increase and percent decrease Expressing averages as rational functions Translating verbal expressions into algebraic formulas for use in a spreadsheet
Page 8
Chapter 3: Banking Services (approximately 15 days)

Banks offer a complete array of paper and electronic services that make access to money easy. In this chapter, students learn the function and computation of interest in short-term, long-term, single deposit and periodic deposit accounts.
3-1
Checking Accounts (2 days) Objectives Understand how checking accounts work. Complete a check register. Key Terms Automatic teller machine (ATM), canceled, check, check clearing, checking account, check register, credit, deposit, deposit slip, direct deposit, drawer, debit, electronic funds transfer (ETF), endorse, hold, insufficient funds, interest, joint account, overdraft protection, payee, personal identification number (PIN), maintenance fee, single account Reconcile a Bank Statement (2 days) Objectives Reconcile a checking account with a bank statement by hand and by using a spreadsheet. Key Terms Account number, balancing, bank statement, ending balance, outstanding checks, outstanding deposits, reconciling, starting balance, statement period Savings Accounts (1 day) Objectives Learn the basic vocabulary of savings accounts. Compute simple interest using the simple interest formula. Key Terms Certificate of deposit (CD), interest, interest rate, maturity, minimum balance, money market account, principal, savings account, simple interest, simple interest formula, statement savings Explore Compound Interest (2 days) Objectives Understand the concept of getting interest on your interest. Compute compound interest using a table. Key Terms Annual compounding, compound interest, crediting, daily compounding, quarterly compounding, semiannual compounding Compound Interest Formula (2 days) Objectives Become familiar with the derivation of the compound interest formula. Make computations using the compound interest formula.
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3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
Key Terms Annual percentage rate (APR), annual percentage yield (APY), compound interest formula 3-6 Continuous Compounding (2 days) Objectives Compute interest on an account that is continuously compounded. Key Terms Continuous compounding, continuous compound interest formula, exponential base (e), finite, infinite, limit Future Value of Investments (2 days) Objectives Calculate the future value of a periodic deposit investment. Graph the future value function. Interpret the graph of the future value function. Key Terms Biweekly, future value of a periodic deposit investment, future value of a single deposit investment, periodic investment Present Value of Investments (2 days) Objectives Calculate the present value of a single deposit investment. Calculate the present value of a periodic deposit investment. Key Terms Present value, present value of a periodic investment, present value of a single deposit investment
3-7
3-8
Chapter 3 Mathematics Topics Using the simple interest formula
I = PRT
and its algebraic equivalents
Understanding compounding via iteration Deriving the compound interest formula
r B = (1 + ) nt n
Computing compound interest with and without the formula Applying the compound interest formula Introduction to limit notation
Lim f ( x) = b
xa
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x Approximating e by examining the sequence 1 + 1
Defining the natural base e using the rational and exponential expression limit notation x
Lim 1 +
1 x
Applying the natural base e in the continuous compounding formula b Identifying y = ax as exponential decay when x < 1 Identifying
B = Pe rt
y = ax b
as exponential growth when x > 1

n 1
Modeling a geometric series of the type
b=0
ax b
y = ax b
Graphing exponential functions of the type
Analyzing rational functions and their limits of the form >m, and n< m
Lim
ax n b
m
x cx
where n=m, n
Using the compound interest formula to derive the present value of a single deposit investment formula
P=
B r 1 + n
nt
Using the compound interest formula to derive the present value of a periodic deposit
investment formula
r B n P= nt r 1 + 1 n
Page 11
Using the future value of a periodic deposit investment formula nt
r P 1 + 1 n B= r n
Adapting all banking formulas for input into a spreadsheet
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Chapter 4: Consumer Credit (approximately 15 days)

The understanding and use of credit is extremely important to the consumer since actions taking in the present can have long standing ramifications in the future. Becoming familiar with credit terminology and regulations is critical in making wise credit decisions. Credit comes at a price and in this chapter students learn how to use and manipulate the credit formulas in order to make wise credit choices that fit their needs, current financial situation, and future goals.
4-1
Introduction to Consumer Credit (2 days) Objectives Become familiar with the basic vocabulary of credit terms. Become familiar with types of lending institutions. Compute finance charges for installment purchases. Key Terms Asset, credit, creditor, credit rating, credit reporting agency, debtor, down payment, earning power, FICO score, finance charge, installment plan, interest Loans (3 days) Objectives Read monthly payments from tables. Compute monthly payments using a formula. Compute finance charges on loans. Key Terms Annual percentage rate, balloon payment, collateral, cosigner, lending institution, life insurance, prepayment penalty, prepayment privilege, principal, promissory note, wage assignment, wage garnishment Loan Calculations and Regression (2 days) Objectives Calculate the present value of a single deposit investment. Calculate the present value of a periodic deposit investment. Key Terms Cubic function, cubic regression, monthly payment calculator, natural logarithm Credit Cards (2 days) Objectives Become familiar with the basic vocabulary of credit cards. Compute an average daily balance. Key Terms Average daily balance, charge card, credit card, debit card, Electronic Funds Transfer Act, Fair Credit Billing Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, impulse buying, mean, revolving charge account, Truth-In-Lending Act Credit Card Statement (2 days) Objectives Identify and use the various entries in a credit card statement.
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4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
Key Terms Account number, APR, available credit, average daily balance, billing cycle, billing date, credit card statement, credit line, debit/credit, finance charge, late charges, minimum payment, monthly periodic rate, new balance, new purchases, number of days in billing cycle, payments/credits, payment due date, previous balance, transactions 4-6 Average Daily Balance (3 days) Objectives Calculate the average daily balance using the credit calendar. Calculate the finance charge using the credit calendar. Key Terms Average daily balance, billing date, credit calendar
Chapter 4 Mathematics Topics Using algebraic proportions
Finding and interpreting cubic regression equations of the form 3 2
y = ax + bx + cx + d
Using slope-intercept form
y = mx + b
Using and interpreting exponential growth and decay equations Computing the average daily balance
Applying the monthly payment formula
r r P 1 + 12 12 M = 12t r 1 + 1 12
12t
Using slope-intercept form y=Mx+b where
r r P 1 + 12 12 M = 12t r 1 + 1 12
12t
Page 14
12t r r P 1 + 12 12 x + b R Using the formula FC = 12t r 1 + 1 12 charge and R = retail price
where FC = finance
Using inverse functions to introduce the natural logarithm function
y = ln x
as
y = log e x
and as the inverse of y
= ex
12t to solve for the exponent t where
r r P 1 + 12 12 Using the formula M = 12t r 1 + 1 12 M M r ln ln p p 12 t= r 12 ln1 + 12
Modeling the average daily balance using the formula
dn i =1 n
Calculating the finance charge using the formula
n d APR FC = n i =1 n 12
Creating algebraic formulas and applying them for use in spreadsheets
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Chapter 5: Automobile Ownership (approximately 20 days)

Whether it is a used or new car, ownership requires an understanding of the mathematics that models purchasing, insuring, depreciating, and driving that car.
5-1
Classified Ads (2 days) Objectives Compute the cost of classified ads for used cars. Compute the cost of sales tax on automobiles. Key Terms Cusp, domain, piecewise function, sales tax, split function But or Sell a Car (2 days) Objectives Compute the mean, media, mode, range, quartiles, and interquartile range. Key Terms Arithmetic average, ascending order, bimodal, data, descending order, interquartile range (IQR), lower quartile, mean, measures of central tendency, outlier, quartiles, range, resistant, skew, statistics, subscripts, median, outlier, upper quartile Graph Frequency Distributions (2 days) Objectives Create a frequency distribution from a set of data. Use box-and-whisker plots and stem-and-leaf plots to display information. Use linear regression to negotiate the purchase or sale of a car. Key Terms Box-and-whisker plot, boxplot, frequency, frequency distribution, modified boxplot, stem-and-leaf plot Automobile Insurance (3 days) Objectives Learn about different types of automobile insurance coverage. Compute insurance costs. Compute payments on insurance claims. Key Terms Actuary, automobile insurance, bodily injury liability (BI), car rental insurance, claim, collision insurance, comprehensive insurance, deductible, emergency road service insurance, liable, liability insurance, negligent, no-fault insurance , personal injury protection (PIP), premium, property damage liability (PD), surcharge, uninsured/underinsured motorist protection insurance (UMP) Linear Automobile Depreciation (2 days) Objectives Write, interpret, and graph a straight line depreciation equation. Key Terms
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5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
Appreciate, depreciate, slope, straight line depreciation, straight line depreciation equation
5-6 Historical and Exponential Depreciation (2 days) Objectives Write, interpret, and graph an exponential depreciation equation. Manipulate the exponential depreciation equation in order to determine time, original price, and depreciated value. Key Terms Dollar value, exponential decay, exponential depreciation, historical data, historical depreciation Driving Data (2 days) Objectives Write, interpret and use the distance formula. Use the formula for the relationship between distance, fuel economy, and gas usage. Key Terms Currency exchange rate, distance formula, electronic odometer, English Standard System, fuel economy measurement, kilometers per liter, mechanical odometer, Metric System, miles per gallon, odometer, speedometer, trip odometer Driving Safety Data (2 days) Objectives Calculate reaction time and distance in the English Standard System. Calculate and use the braking distance in both English Standard and Metric Systems. Calculate and use the total stopping distance in both the English Standard and Metric Systems. Key Terms Braking distance, reaction distance, reaction time, thinking time, total stopping distance Accident Investigation Data (3 days) Objectives Determine the minimum skid speed using the skid mark formula. Determine the minimum skid speed using the yaw mark formula. Key Terms Accident reconstructionist, anti-lock braking system (ABS), braking efficiency, chord, drag factor, middle ordinate, shallow skid mark, skid distance, skid mark, skid speed formula, yaw mark
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Chapter 5 Mathematics Topics Systems of linear equations
Page 17
Modeling exponential depreciation as
y = Px b where P is purchase price and x < 1.

Transforming raw data into a frequency distribution Creating and interpreting stem and leaf plots and side-by-side steam plots such as
Creating and interpreting box and whisker plots and side-by-side boxplots
Creating and interpreting modified box and whisker plots Computing measures of dispersion
R = xH xL
and
IQR = Q3 Q1.
Computing Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 manually and with the graphing calculator Using the expressions
Q1 1.5( IQR) and Q3 + 1.5( IQR) to determine outliers

n
Compute and interpret percentiles
Measures of central tendency x
= i =1 n
xi
, median and mode
Creating and interpreting piecewise (split) functions of the form
Determining the domains of a piecewise function from verbal situations Graphing piecewise functions using mutually exclusive domains
Page 18
Identifying the cusp of a piecewise function at a change in slope such as
Using multi-variable square root functions such as the skid length S Using
= 30 Dfn .
5280 s RD = 0.75 to determine reaction distance 60 2 2 Using BD = 5(.1s ) to compute the breaking distance 5280s 2 Using TSD = 0.75 + 5(0.1s ) to compute total stopping distance 2 60 D D Manipulating D = RT , R = , and T = to determine distance, rate, and time T R Using D = MPG (G ) to compute miles per gallon
Using geometry theorems involving chords intersecting in a circle and radii perpendicular to chords to determine yaw mark arc length C2 M Finding radius r = + where C is chord length and M is middle ordinate
8M
Computing arc lengths Using dilations Dk to transform formulas between the English Standard and Metric measurement systems Applying all algebraic formulas from the chapter for use in spreadsheets
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Chapter 6: Employment Basics (approximately 10 days)

Employment is an integral part of our daily lives. Knowing how salaries are computed, benefits bestowed, and wage taxes calculated allow the employee the opportunity to make smart employment choices both before accepting a job and during the period of employment in that job.
6-1 Look for Employment (1 day) Objectives Compute periodic salary based on annual contract salary. Interpret abbreviations in classified ads. Express classified ad prices as piecewise functions. Key Terms Benefits, discount, employment agency, fee paid, Form W-4: Employees Withholding Allowance Certificate, resume Pay Periods and Hourly Rates (2 days) Objectives Compute weekly, semimonthly, and biweekly earnings given annual salary. Compute hourly pay and overtime pay given hourly rate. Key Terms Biweekly, direct deposit, double-time pay, gross pay, hourly rate, monthly pay, overtime hours, overtime hourly rate, semimonthly, time-and-a-half overtime, weekly pay 6-3 Commissions, Royalties, and Piecework Pay (2 days) Objectives Compute pay based on percent commission. Compute piecework pay. Understand advantages and disadvantages of pay based on production. Key Terms Commission, pieceworker, piecework rate, royalty 6-4 Employee Benefits (2 days) Objectives Understand and calculate the value of certain employee benefits. Key Terms Base period, childcare leave, employee benefits, family health care, individual health care, insurance, paid vacation time, paid holiday time, pension, retirement plans, stock ownership plans, unemployment insurance, workers compensation Social Security and Medicare (3 days) Objectives Compute paycheck deductions for Social Security. Compute paycheck deductions for Medicare.
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6-2
6-5
Key Terms Federal Insurance Contributions Act, FICA tax, maximum taxable income, Medicare tax, Social Security, Social Security tax. Chapter 6 Mathematics Topics Identifying continuous and discontinuous functions by their graphs
Interpreting jump discontinuities Writing an interpreting domains and piecewise functions of the forms
and
Graphing exponential pay schedules such as
Graphing piecewise functions with cusps such as
Using measures of central tendency and rational functions such as
a ( x) =
Geometric sequences such as
40r + 1.5tr t+r
a n = xr n with common ratio r
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Expressing percent increases and decreases as rational functions Reading and interpreting data
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Chapter 7: Income Taxes (approximately 20 days)

The Federal income tax laws and forms need not be a maze of complexities. In this chapter, students see how mathematics can be used to model and understand our progressive tax system. Through the creation of functions and the analysis of graphic representations of those functions, students gain insight into their income reporting and tax paying obligations.
7-1 Tax Tables, Worksheets, and Schedules (3 days) Objectives Express tax schedules algebraically. Compute Federal income taxes using a tax table and tax schedule. Key Terms Head of household, Income tax, Internal Revenue Service, married filing jointly, married filing separately, property tax, qualifying widower, sales tax, tax, taxable income Modeling Tax Schedules (3 days) Objectives Construct income tax graphs using piecewise functions derived from tax schedules. Key Terms Flat tax, progressive tax system, proportional tax, regressive tax schedule, tax bracket Income Statements (2 days) Objectives Interpret and use the information on a pay stub, W-2 form and 1099 form.. Key Terms Cafeteria plan, flexible spending account, Form 1099, Form W-2, gross pay, net pay, paycheck, pay stub, take-home pay, tax-deferred contribution, withholding tax Forms 1040EZ and 1040A (4 days) Objectives Complete Form 1040EZ. Complete Form 1040A. Key Terms Dependent, exemption, Form 1040A, Form 1040EZ, Form 1040, itemize, standard deduction Form 1040 and Schedules A and B (6 days) Objectives File Form 1040 with itemized deductions. Understand the difference between a tax credit and a tax deduction. Key Terms Form 1040, Schedule A-Itemized Deductions, Schedule B-Interest and Dividend Income, tax avoidance, tax credit, tax evasion, voluntary compliance
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
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Chapter 7 Mathematics Topics
Introducing point-slope form y it to slope-intercept form y
= mx + b
( x
) and converting
Graphing continuous polygonal functions with multiple slopes and cusps
Translating verbal expressions into literal rational, exponential, and linear equations. Expressing domains using compound inequality notation of the form
t t1 and t < t2
Expressing domains using compound inequality notation of the form t > t1 and t t2 , interval notation of the form t1 < x t 2 , and tax schedule notation of the form over t1 but not over t 2 Given a compound inequality statement, modeling a tax bracket to determine the tax using a linear equation of the form y = a + p ( x t1 ) where y is the tax, a is the base tax, p is the tax percentage expressed as a decimal, t1 is the lower boundary of the domain, and x is the taxable income Converting point-slope form to slope-intercept form of a linear equation Writing equations in point-slope form Modeling algebraically a tax schedule of the form
Page 24
Using a piecewise function of the form
where f(x) represents the tax liability function for taxpayers using a given tax schedule with taxable incomes on a given domain Graphing piecewise functions of the form
on the coordinate plane. Identifying the cusps of piecewise functions from the function notation Interpreting the graphs, slopes, and cusps of continuous polygonal functions with multiple slopes and cusps Translating verbal expressions into literal equations Adapting all algebraic formulas in the unit for use in spreadsheets
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Chapter 8: Independent Living (approximately 15 days)

A place of my own to call home comes in many forms and with varying degrees of financial responsibilities. In this chapter, students work their way through the mathematics that models moving, renting, and purchasing a place to live.
8-1 Find a Place t Live (3 days) Objectives Calculate the affordability of a monthly rent. Determine the relationship between square footage and monthly rent. Determine lease signing costs. Calculate moving expenses.. Key Terms Apartment, application deposit, evict, expire, furnished, landlord, security deposit, single-family home, square footage, and tenant. Read a Floor Plan (3 days) Objectives Compute the perimeter and the area of a polygon. Compute areas of irregular regions. Compute volumes of rectangular solids.. Key Terms Apothem, area, British Thermal Units (BTUs), congruent, floor plan, Monte Carlo Method, perimeter, volume. Mortgage Application Process (3 days) Objectives Compute the monthly cost of paying for a house. Understand the research thatis necessary before you purchase a home.. Key Terms Assessed value, adjustable-rate mortgage, back-end ratio, balloon mortgage, debtto-income ratio, down payment, escrow, fixed-rate mortgage, foreclose, front-end ratio, homeowners insurance, interest-only market value, mortgage, mortgage, property tax, real estate tax. Purchase a Home (4 days) Objectives Estimate closing costs. Create an amortization table for a fixed-rate mortgage. Create an amortization table for a fixed-rate mortgage with extra payments. Investigate the amortization table for an adjustable rate mortgage. Key Terms Adjustment period, arrears, attorney fee, closing, closing costs, discount points, earnest money deposit, hybrid ARM, initial rate, non-recurring costs, origination points, prepaid interest, title, title search, transfer tax.
8-2
8-3
8-4
Page 26
8-5
Rentals, Condominiums, and Cooperatives (2 days) Objectives Compute costs of purchasing a cooperative or condominium. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of homes. Key Terms Board of directors, condominium, cooperative, co-op apartment, equity, landominium, maintenance fee
Chapter 8 Mathematics Topics Using rational functions to compute back-end ratios of the form
b= f =
m + p / 12 + h / 3 + c + d . a / 12
Using rational functions to compute front-end ratios of the form
m + p / 12 + h / 12 . x / 12
Using the monthly payment formula
12t r P 1 + r 12 12 M = 12t r 1 + 1 12
12t r r P 1 + 12 12 C where C is original cost Computing interest I = 12t r 1 + 1 12 1 Using the apothem to compute the area of a regular polygon A = ap 2
Using probability to find the area of irregular plane region (The Monte Carlo Method)
numberof points inside region area of irregularregion = numberof random points generated area of framing rectangle
Using factors of dilations to draw to scale Finding areas of irregular and shaded regions
Page 27
Using rational functions to compute BTUs, such as Solving proportions Creating multi-variable tax assessment equations
BTU rating
while 60
Using exponential equations to model rent increases such as
B R = A1 + 100
D 1
Modeling rent increases using exponential regression Reading and interpreting data
Using the future value of a periodic deposit formula
r nt P 1 + 1 n B= r n
to make
comparisons to mortgage payments and increasing resale value of a home Writing all algebraic formulas from the chapter for use in spreadsheets Translating verbal expressions into literal equations
Page 28
Chapter 9: Planning for Retirement (approximately 10 days)

For most high school students, the notion of retirement is so far in the distant future that many rarely consider the fact that actions they take now can affect how they will live once they stop working. The focus of this chapter is on the fiscal plans that workers can make years ahead of their retirement date. This involves a detailed study of retirement savings plans, both personal and federal, employee pension programs, and life insurance.
9-1 Retirement Income from Savings (2 days) Objectives Calculate future values of retirement investments that are both signle deposit and periodic. Compare the tax savings by making contributions to pre-tax retirement savings accounts. Calculate an employers matching contribution to a retirement account. Key Terms 401K, 403B, after-tax investments, individual retirement account (IRA), Keogh plan, retirement, Roth IRA, semi-retired, tax-deferred, tax-exempt, traditional IRA Social Security Benefits (3 days) Objectives Understand the benefits paid by Social Security. Understand how benefits are computed. Compute Federal income tax on benefits that are paid under Social Security. Key Terms Full-retirement age, Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI), Social Security benefit, Social Security credit, Social Security statement Pensions (2 days) Objectives Calculate pension benefits using various formulas. Calculate pension benefits during and after vesting periods.. Key Terms Consumer Price Index (CPI), cost of living adjustment (COLA), deferred compensation, defined benefit plan, Employee Retirement Income Security Act, lump-sum payment, pension, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, Pension Protection Act, qualified joint and survivor annuity, vested Life Insurance (2 days) Objectives .Compute the cost of different types of life insurance. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of different types of life insurance.
9-2
9-3
9-4
Page 29
Key Terms Beneficiary, cash value, decreasing term insurance, face value, group term life insurance, increasing term insurance, level term insurance, mortality table, permanent life insurance, premium, term life insurance, universal life insurance, variable life insurance, whole life insurance
Chapter 9 Mathematics Topics
Using the future value of a periodic investment formula of the form
to predict balances after t years when given a periodic deposit amount, an investment return rate, and compounding information Using the present value of a periodic investment formula of the form when given a future value, a time in years, an investment return rate, and compounding information
Writing rational expressions as a combination of rational and polynomial expressions Using inequalities to define domains when creating algebraic expressions Analyzing the effect that a change in multipliers has to the value of an algebraic expression Writing rational expressions to represent increase over time Using and interpreting the greatest integer function of the form
[x ]
Determining and interpreting the expected value of a probability distribution where the n expected value is of the form xi f ( xi ) i =1 Reading and interpreting data presented in multiple formats
Page 30
Creating, interpreting, and graphing greatest integer functions of the form
y = [x a ]
Creating, interpreting, and graphing greatest integer functions of the form
y = [x a ] + 1
Understanding the algebraic and contextual differences between
y = [x a ] + 1
y = [x a ] and
Incorporating the greatest integer function into a piecewise function of the form
a when x b x d) when x > b and x is an integer a + c([x d] + 1) when x > b and x is not an integer
c(x) =
Evaluating a piecewise function that includes a greatest integer function for various values on the domain of the piecewise function Creating, interpreting, and graphing a system of a linear and a piecewise function and determining the point of intersection as shown in the following graph:
Page 31
Chapter 10: Prepare a Budget (approximately 10 days)

This final chapter of the text calls upon the knowledge acquired in the preceding chapters in order to create, chart, and use a responsible personal budget.
10-1 Utility Expenses (2 days) Objectives Compute the cost of electric, gas, oil and water for a home. Compute the cost of using specific appliances for specific lengths of time. Compute the time is takes an energy-saving appliance to pay for itself Key Terms Ccf, cubic foot, kilowatt-hour (kWh), meter, present reading, previous reading, utility, volume, watt, watt-hour Electronic Utilities (2 days) Objectives .Compute the cost of cell phone calls, text messaging, Internet service, and cable television. Key Terms Electronic utilities Charting a Budget (3 days) Objectives Create and use a budget check-off matrix. Visualize and interpret a budget using a pie chart, a bar graph, a line graph, and a budget line graph.. Key Terms Bar graph, budget check-off matrix, budget line graph, budget matrix, column, electronic matrix, line graph, matrix, order of a matrix, pie chart, row, sector Cash Flow and Budgeting (3 days) Objectives Develop and interpret a cash flow chart. Develop and interpret a frequency budget plan. Develop and interpret a year-long expense budget plan.. Key Terms Assets, cash flow, cash-flow matrix, debt reduction plan, debt-to-income ratio, year-long expense budget plan, envelope accounting system, frequency budget plan, net worth,
10-2
10-3
10-4
Chapter 10 Mathematics Topics Using sectors and central angles of a circle to depict proportional categories on a pie chart when given categorical information
Page 32
Creating and interpreting budget line equations of the type represents the cost of the first of two items and
C x x+ C y y=B
where
Cx
Cy
represents the cost of the second of
two items, x and y represent quantities under consideration and B represents an amount budgeted Interpreting points on a budget line graphs in the context of their relationship to the budget line as shown in the following display:
Comparing budget line graphs and interpreting them as transformations in the plane as shown here:
Using inequalities to interpret regions and points in the plane in relation to a budget line graph Using multiple representations to chart data such as
Page 33
Using algebraic rational expressions to model ratios in context Writing algebraic formulas for use in spreadsheets
Page 34
Correlation of Financial Algebra, by Robert K. Gerver/Richard J. Sgroi, 2011, ISBN 10: 0538449675; ISBN 13: 9780538449670 To Common Core State Standards For Mathematics
Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

In Financial Algebra, the mathematics necessary for daily living is embedded in content that directly relates to financial decisions adults make in their daily lives. The mathematical formulas, functions, and pictorial representations used in Financial Algebra assist students in making sense of the financial world around them through mathematical modeling and, equip them with the ability to make sound financial decisions based on data. Financial Financial Algebra Algebra Chapter Page Numbers & Section
Common Core Standard

Mathematics| High School Modeling Modeling Standards Modeling is best interpreted not as a collection of isolated topics but rather in relation to other standards. Making mathematical models is a Standard for Mathematical Practice, and specific modeling standards appear throughout the high school standards indicated by a star symbol ().
Common Core Standard CHAPTER 1
C1 1-1
Pages 5-9
C1 1-2
(continued on next page)
Pages 10-15
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 3. Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities.
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.
C1 1-2
(continued)
Pages 10-15
C1 1-3
Pages 16-21
C1 1-4
Pages 22-28
Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.
C1 1-5
Pages 29-24
Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression.
C1 1-6
Pages 36-39
Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions.
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters.
C1 1-6
(continued)
Pages 36-39
C1 1-7 C1 1-8
Pages 40-45
Pages 46-50
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
C1 1-9 C2 2-1
Pages 51-56
CHAPTER 2 Pages 65-69

Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 3. Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases.
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function. Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6. Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related. Statistics and Probability - Interpret categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Interpret Linear Models 9. Distinguish between correlation and causation. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 3. Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 1. Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function.
C2 2-1
(continued)
Pages 65-69
C2 2-2
Pages71-74
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 7c. Fit a linear function for a scatter plot that suggests a linear association. Statistics and Probability - Interpret categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Interpret Linear Models 8. Compute (using technology) and interpret the correlation coefficient of a linear fit. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation1. Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 5. Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function. Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6. Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related.
C2 2-2
(continued)
Pages 71-74
C2 2-3
Pages 75-79
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Statistics and Probability-Interpret categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Interpret Linear Models 8. Compute (using technology) and interpret the correlation coefficient of a linear fit. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning 2. Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve systems of equations 6. Solve systems of linear equations exactly and approximately (e.g., with graphs), focusing on pairs of linear equations in two variables. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 12. Graph the solutions to a linear inequality in two variables as a half plane (excluding the boundary in the case of a strict inequality), and graph the solution set to a system of linear inequalities in two variables as the intersection of the corresponding half-planes. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function. Statistics and Probability- Interpret categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Interpret Linear Models 8. Compute (using technology) and interpret the correlation coefficient of a linear fit. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 3. Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities.
C2 2-3 C2 2-4
Pages 75-79 Pages 80-85
C2 2-5
Pages 86-90
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. a. Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 4. Solve quadratic equations in one variable. b. Solve quadratic equations by inspection (e.g., for x2 = 49), taking square roots, completing the square, the quadratic formula and factoring, as appropriate to the initial form of the equation. Recognize when the quadratic formula gives complex solutions and write them as a bi for real numbers a and b. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 10. Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line). Functions- Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function.
C2 2-5
(continued)
Pages 86-90
C2 2-6
Pages 91-96
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context.
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 4. Solve quadratic equations in one variable. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 4. Solve quadratic equations in one variable. b. Solve quadratic equations by inspection (e.g., for x2 = 49), taking square roots, completing the square, the quadratic formula and factoring, as appropriate to the initial form of the equation. Recognize when the quadratic formula gives complex solutions and write them as a bi for real numbers a and b. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve systems of equations 7. Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 10. Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line). Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 11. Explain why the x-coordinates of the points where the graphs of the equations y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect are the solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x); find the solutions approximately, e.g., using technology to graph the functions, make tables of values, or find successive approximations. Include cases where f(x) and/or g(x) are linear, polynomial, rational, absolute value, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Functions- Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. Functions- Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function.
C2 2-6
(continued)
Pages 91-96
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 3. Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve systems of equations 7. Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 10. Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line). Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 11. Explain why the x-coordinates of the points where the graphs of the equations y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect are the solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x); find the solutions approximately, e.g., using technology to graph the functions, make tables of values, or find successive approximations. Include cases where f(x) and/or g(x) are linear, polynomial, rational, absolute value, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases.
C2 2-7
Pages 97-102
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve systems of equations 7. Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 10. Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line). Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 11. Explain why the x-coordinates of the points where the graphs of the equations y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect are the solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x); find the solutions approximately, e.g., using technology to graph the functions, make tables of values, or find successive approximations. Include cases where f(x) and/or g(x) are linear, polynomial, rational, absolute value, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases.
C2 2-7
(continued)
Pages 97-102
C2 2-8
Pages 103-107
10
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity
C2 2-8
(continued)
Pages 103-107
CHAPTER 3
C3 3-1
Pages 116-122
C3 3-2 C3 3-3 C3 3-4
Pages 123-130 Pages 131-136 Pages 137-142
Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1a.. Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Algebra - Creating equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
11
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1a. Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1b. Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3c. Use the properties of exponents to transform expressions for exponential functions. For example the expression 1.15t can be rewritten as (1.151/12)12t 1.01212t to reveal the approximate equivalent monthly interest rate if the annual rate is 15%. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8b. Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions. Number and Quantity - The Real Number System N-RN Extend the properties of exponents to rational numbers 1. Explain how the definition of the meaning of rational exponents follows from extending the properties of integer exponents to those values, allowing for a notation for radicals in terms of rational exponents. Number and Quantity - The Real Number System N-RN Extend the properties of exponents to rational numbers 2. Rewrite expressions involving radicals and rational exponents using the properties of exponents Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1b. Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8b. Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions.
C3 3-4 C3 3-5
Pages 137-142
Pages 143-149
C3 3-6
Pages 150-155
C3 3-7
Pages156-160
12
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Functions- Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8b. Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions.
C3 3-8
Pages 161-165
CHAPTER 4
C4 4-1
Pages174-180
C4 4-2
Pages181-186
Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1a. Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 2. Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3c. Use the properties of exponents to transform expressions for exponential functions
13
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8b. Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1b. Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity Linear and Exponential Model F-LE Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems 5. Interpret the parameters in a linear or exponential function in terms of a context. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6. Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6a. Fit a function to the data; use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data.
C4 4-2
(continued)
Pages181-186
C4 4-3 C4 4-4
Pages187-192
Pages 193-199
Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Algebra - Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
C4 4-5
Pages 200-205
C4 4-6
Pages 206-210
14
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers
CHAPTER 5
C5 5-1
Pages 220-223
C5 5-2
Pages 224-230
Algebra - Creating equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 1. Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 2. Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7b. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 2. Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 3. Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers). Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 4. Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal distribution and to estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate. Use calculators, spreadsheets, and tables to estimate areas under the normal curve. Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 1. Represent data with plots on the real number line (dot plots, histograms, and box plots).
C5 5-3
Pages 232-237
15
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Statistics and Probability - Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 2. Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 3. Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers). Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable 4. Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal distribution and to estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate. Use calculators, spreadsheets, and tables to estimate areas under the normal curve.
C5 5-3
(continued)
Pages 232-237
C5 5-4
Pages 240-251
C5 5-5
Pages 245-251
Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. Statistics and Probability- Interpret categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Interpret Linear Models 7. Interpret the slope (rate of change) and the intercept (constant term) of a linear model in the context of the data. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Functions- Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 6. Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima.
16
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 9. Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). Functions Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Model F-LE Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems 1. Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions. b. Recognize situations in which one quantity changes at a constant rate per unit interval relative to another. Functions Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Model F-LE Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems 5. Interpret the parameters in a linear or exponential function in terms of a context. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Functions -Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7e. Graph exponential and logarithmic functions, showing intercepts and end behavior, and trigonometric functions, showing period, midline, and amplitude. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8b. Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 9. Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). Functions Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Model F-LE Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems 1. Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions c. Recognize situations in which a quantity grows or decays by a constant percent rate per unit interval relative to another.
C5 5-5
(continued)
C5 5-6
Pages 252-258
17
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Functions Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Model F-LE Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems 5. Interpret the parameters in a linear or exponential function in terms of a context. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6. Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6a. Fit a function to the data; use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data.
C5 5-6
(continued)
C5 5-7 C5 5-8 C5 5-9
Pages 259-267 Pages 268-273
Pages 274-282
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1b. Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity Algebra -Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems 3. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning 2. Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise. Geometry - Circles G-C Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles 5. Derive using similarity the fact that the length of the arc intercepted by an angle is proportional to the radius, and define the radian measure of the angle as the constant of proportionality; derive the formula for the area of a sector. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity
18
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers
CHAPTER 6
C6 6-1
Pages 291-295
C6 6-2 C6 6-3 C6 6-4
Page 299 Pages 303-309 Pages 310-315
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 2. Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 4. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 2. Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context.. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 1. Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Functions Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Model F-LE Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems 1. Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7b. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. Functions -Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity
Pages 310-315 Pages 310-315 Pages 310-315
C6 6-5
Pages 316-321
19
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers
CHAPTER 7
C7 7-1 C7 7-2
Pages 328-334
Pages 335-343
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or non-viable options in a modeling context. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 1. Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Understand the concept of a function and use function notation 2. Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7b. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function.
C7 7-3 C7 7-4
Pages 344-351
Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
Pages 352-364
C7 7-5
Pages 365-376
20
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context.
C7 7-5
(continued)
Pages 365-376
CHAPTER 8
C8 8-1
Pages 387-392
Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 2. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6. Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 6a. Fit a function to the data; use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data. Statistics and Probability- Interpret Categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables 7c. Fit a linear function for a scatter plot that suggests a linear association. Statistics and Probability- Interpret categorical and Quantitative Data S-ID Interpret Linear Models 8. Compute (using technology) and interpret the correlation coefficient of a linear fit.
C8 8-2 C8 8-3
Pages 393-400
Pages 401-410
Geometry - Circles G-C Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles 5. Derive using similarity the fact that the length of the arc intercepted by an angle is proportional to the radius, and define the radian measure of the angle as the constant of proportionality; derive the formula for the area of a sector. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 6. Rewrite simple rational expressions in different forms; write a(x)/b(x) in the form q(x)+r(x)/b(x), where a(x), b(x), q(x), r(x) are polynomials with the degree of r(x) less than the degree of b(x) using inspection, long division, or, for the more complicated examples, a computer algebra system.
21
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1b. Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities Functions Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Model F-LE Construct and compare linear and exponential models and solve problems 1. Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions.
C8 8-3
(continued)
Pages 401-410
C8 8-4 C8 8-5
Pages 411-421
Pages 422-429
CHAPTER 9
C9 9-1 C9 9-2
Pages 439-446 Pages 447-455
C9 9-3
Pages 456-466
Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 8b. Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Algebra - Creating Equations A-CED Creating equations that describe numbers or relationships 3. Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities
22
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Statistics and Probability- Using probability to Make decisions S-MD Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems 1. (+) Define a random variable for a quantity of interest by assigning a numerical value to each event in a sample space; graph the corresponding probability distribution using the same graphical displays as for data distributions. Statistics and Probability- Using probability to Make decisions S-MD Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems 2. (+) Calculate the expected value of a random variable; interpret it as the mean of the probability distribution. Statistics and Probability- Using probability to Make decisions S-MD Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems 4. (+) Develop a probability distribution for a random variable defined for a sample space in which probabilities are assigned empirically; find the expected value. Statistics and Probability- Using probability to Make decisions S-MD Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems 5. (+) Weigh the possible outcomes of a decision by assigning probabilities to payoff values and finding expected values. Functions- Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity
C9 9-4
Pages 467-471
CHAPTER 10
C10 10-1
Pages 482-487
Number and Quantity Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 1. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Number and Quantity - Quantities N-Q Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems 2. Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context
C10 10-2
Pages 489-495
Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7b. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions.
23
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Number and Quantity - The Complex Number System N-CM Perform Operations on matrices and use matrices in applications. 6. (+) Use matrices to represent and manipulate data, e.g., to represent payoffs or incidence relationships in a network. Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 10. Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line). Algebra - Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities A-REL Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically 10. Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line). Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 4. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context 5. Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Functions - Interpreting Functions F-LF Analyze functions using different representations 7a. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima.
C10 10-3
Pages 496-507
C10 10-4
Pages 508-519
Algebra -Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities
24
Chapter & Section
Page Numbers

Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. Algebra - Seeing Structure in Expressions A-SSE Interpret the structure of expressions 1. Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. b. Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity. For example, interpret P(1+r)n as the product of P and a factor not depending on P. Functions - Building Functions F-BF Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities 1. Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities a. Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context. b. Combine standard function types using arithmetic operations.
Chapters 1-10
Used throughout the text when constructing algebraic models for real life situations
25

Financial Algebra New Course Proposal

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Financial Algebra New Course Proposal

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NEW COURSE PROPOSAL FORM

Appropriate grade level(s)

This course can be repeated for credit: _____yes

See Attached Syllabus:

Semester II (if applicable):

See Attached Syllabus:

Successful integration of a learner into Algebra 2.

Funding is a part of the request A. Operating Expenses: 1) 2)

Materials (textbooks, literature selections, etc.) Copying services

Office/classroom supplies Technology (software, etc.)

$___________ $__________ $___________ $___________

B. Equipment C. Other Misc. Expenses

E. Total Estimated Cost of the course(s)

This new course proposal has been approved by:

_________________________________________ Date __________________ Department Chair Signature

_________________________________________ Date __________________ Principal Signature

_________________________________________ Date __________________ Director of K-12 Curriculum

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Chapter 2: Modeling a Business (approximately 20 days)

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Chapter 2 Mathematics Topics Constructing and interpreting scatterplots

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Creating rational functions of the form

b b b , vertex , f , roots, and the 2a 2a 2a

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Chapter 3: Banking Services (approximately 15 days)

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Chapter 3 Mathematics Topics Using the simple interest formula

and its algebraic equivalents

Understanding compounding via iteration Deriving the compound interest formula

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

x Approximating e by examining the sequence 1 + 1

as exponential growth when x > 1

Modeling a geometric series of the type

Graphing exponential functions of the type

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Using the future value of a periodic deposit investment formula nt

Adapting all banking formulas for input into a spreadsheet

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Chapter 4: Consumer Credit (approximately 15 days)

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Chapter 4 Mathematics Topics Using algebraic proportions

Finding and interpreting cubic regression equations of the form 3 2

Using slope-intercept form

Applying the monthly payment formula

Using slope-intercept form y=Mx+b where

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

12t r r P 1 + 12 12 x + b R Using the formula FC = 12t r 1 + 1 12 charge and R = retail price

Using inverse functions to introduce the natural logarithm function

and as the inverse of y

r r P 1 + 12 12 Using the formula M = 12t r 1 + 1 12 M M r ln ln p p 12 t= r 12 ln1 + 12

Modeling the average daily balance using the formula

Calculating the finance charge using the formula

Creating algebraic formulas and applying them for use in spreadsheets

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Chapter 5: Automobile Ownership (approximately 20 days)

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

Chapter 5 Mathematics Topics Systems of linear equations

Syllabus for Financial Algebra by Gerver & Sgroi

$_____ $ $_ $_____

_______________________ Date Department Chair Signature

_______________________ Date Principal Signature

_______________________ Date Director of K-12 Curriculum