NCM 100 (LEC) April 7,2009 NCM 100 foundation and basis of nursing. Critical thinking - logical thinking.

g. With reason and basis. Nursing as a science, art and profession AS A SCIENCE: 1. Definition of concepts, theories, principles. 2. Enumerate characteristics of theory. 3. Definition of nursing theory. 4. Purposes of nursing theory. 4.1 Principles of nursing theory. 5. Trace the evolution of nursing theory. 6. 4 major concepts discusses in various nursing theories/ METAPARADIGM 6.1 person 6.2 Nursing 6.3 Society and Environment 6.4 Health 7. Discuss selected theories of nursing. 8. Discuss the steps in nursing process. AS AN ART: 1. Define nursing as an art 2. Why nursing is an art 3. Concepts related to the art of nursing 3.1 Self awareness 3.2 Self concept 3.3 Self enhancement 3.4 Cultural Diversity 4. Discuss concept of caring 5. Discuss nurse client relationship 5.1 Phases of therapeutic relationships 5.2 characteristics of therapeutic relationships 6. Discuss therapeutic communication AS A PROFESSION: 1. Profession Definition Discuss criteria of profession 2. Nursing Definition Discuss characteristics of nursing as a profession 3. History of nursing 4. Discuss various roles and responsibilities of nurses 5. Determine the scope of nursing practice 6. EthicoMoralLegal aspects of nursing

NURSING PROCESS

 Hall (1955), Johnson (1959), Orlando (1961), Widenbach (1963) originated

the term nursing process.

1973 - Legitimacy of nursing process in clinical practice.

ANA ( American Nurses Association) It is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing nursing care. It is cyclical; follow logical sequence. Purposes/Goals: 1. Identify clients health status/actual or potential health problem. 2. To establish plans to meet identified needs. 3. To deliver specific nursing interventions to meet those needs. The 5 phases: Phases are not discrete but it is overlapping. Each phase depends on the accuracy of the preceding phase. Closely interrelated Involves critical thinking

1. Assessing systematic and continuous collection, organization, validation and documentation of data. 2. Diagnosing refers to the reasoning process.

Diagnosis statement or conclusion regarding the nature of phenomenon. Diagnostic labels standardize NANDA names. Nursing Diagnosis clients problem statement consisting of diagnostic label and etiology.
3. Planning is a deliberative, systematic phase of the nursing process that involves decision making and problem solving. 4. Intervention is any treatment based upon clinical judgment and knowledge that the nurse performs to enhance patient/client outcomes. NIC (Nursing Intervention Classification) documenting activities 5. Evaluating a planned, ongoing, purposeful activity in which clients and health care professional determines.

ASSESSMENT 4 Major activities in assessing a. Collection of data b. Organization c. Validation d. Documentation a. Collecting Data Data collection is a process of gathering information about a clients health status.

Systematic and continuous

Types of Data 1. Subjective data / covert data (symptoms)

Apparent only to the person affected and can be described or verified only by
that person. 2. Objective data / overt data (signs) Detectable by an observer or can be measured or tested against an accepted standard. Sources of data 1. Primary The client 2. Secondary Family members, other support person, other health professionals, records and reports, laboratory and diagnostic analysis, relevant literature. Methods in collecting data: 1. Observation 2. Interview 3. Examination b. Organization Uses written format that organizes the assessment data systematically. c. Validation Act of double checking or verifying data to confirm that it is accurate and factual. d. Documentation/Recording Nurse records clients data.

DIAGNOSING Refers to the reasoning process. 1973 identification and development of nursing diagnoses Mary Ann Lanin & Kristine Gebbie perceived a need to identify nurses role ambulatory care setting. 1990 NANDA adopted an official working definition of nursing diagnosis Nursing diagnosis a clinical judgment about individual, family or community responses to actual and potential health problem. Major Activities 1. Analyze data 2. Identify health problems, risks and strengths 3. Formulating diagnostic statement 5 Types of Nursing Diagnosis 1. Actual diagnosis a client problem that is present at the time of the nursing assessment. 2. Risk Nursing Diagnosis a clinical judgment that a problem does not exist, but the presence of risk

factors indicates that a problem is likely to develop unless nurses intervene. 3. Wellness diagnosis human responses 4. Possible Nursing Diagnosis is one in which evidence about a health problem is incomplete or unclear. 5. Syndrome Diagnosis associated with a cluster of other diagnoses.