-1-

12

24

-2-

-3-

AISC-ASD[1]AISC-LRFD[2]
[3,4][5]

() [6]

( 87.01.01 )

[7][8]

() [9]

-4-

() [10]

() -[5]

() Chinese National StandardCNS-4750[11]

CNS-4751
[12]

() UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Occupational Safety and Health

-5-

Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Standard[13]

(the United States Occupational
Safety and Health Administration)

() American National Standard Institute (ANSI) A10.8-1988 [14]

ANSI Standard 10.8-1988

() American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Standard A10.9-1983[15]

ANSI Standard A10.9-1983

() ACI 347R-88Guide to Formwork Concrete[16]

ACI 347R-88

() -[17]

(Canadian Standards

-6-

Association) Falsework for Construction Purposes [13]

() British Standards Institution (BS 5975: 1982) -Code of Practice for Falsework[19]
() timber and tube
scaffold

() British Standards Institution (BS1139: Part 12.: 1982) - Metal Scaffolding, Part
1.Part 2. Specification for Tubes for Use in Scaffolding[20,21]
BS1139 : Part 1:
BS1139 : PART 2:

() Japan Society Of Civic Engineers (JSCE) Standard Specification for Design and
Construction of Concrete Structures - Part 2[22]
(formwork)(shoring)

-7-

(a)
3.5m(b) 3.5m3.5m
(c) 3.5m

()

[23-26]

[27]
2
5

[28]

3.1

-8-

3.2

1.8
2

()
3.3

3.4
3.5

#3 3.6
3.7
()

3.1
3.8 3.9

3.2

3.10

-9-

 U 3.3
U

3.11

()

3.4

3.4

3.5m~7m

(1)
(Advancing Shoring Method) (Incremental
Launching Method)[29-32]
3.12 (2)

3.12

-10-

(1) 3.13

(2) 3.14
(3) (a) 3.15 (b)
3.16 (c)
3.17
(d)
3.18
(e)
3.19 (f)

-11-

()
[33-37]

()

-12-

 50 2 48

1.

(System Buckling)

2.
[38-50]

[19]

-13-

(Buckling)

(Critical Load)

3.
[51]

[52-58]

-14-

4.
(Fresh
Concrete)

[59-63]

(Uniform Load)

5.
SAP2000ETABSSTAAD

[64]
(Critical Load)

(Perfect System)(Eigenvalue or
Bifurcation Approach)
(Imperfect System)
-(Load-Deflection Approach)
[64]

[33-50]

-15-

6.

(Eigenvalue Approach or Bifurcation Approach) (Second-order

Analysis)(Load-Deflection Approach)[64]
[68]

SAP2000ETABS
STAAD
NASTRANABAQUS

()
(Leaning Column Effect)
LeMessurier [65]
K 4.1
4.1 (A)(A) AB K 2

(Leaning Column) AB K
2.695[64] 4.1 (B)
LeMessurier K [65]

K=

Pe P

PI PeK

(1)

-16-

Pe Euler
PI K
P
PeK Euler

1.
4.1
(Hinge)[66]

4.5 16

2.
4.2 4.2
4.2 ABDE BCEF
BE
EI

4.2(a)

(Upper Bound) 4.2(d)

(Lower Bound) AB
KAB 2 ~
4.2(b)
AB BC DE EF
4.2(b) AB
K 2.7
4.2(c)
4.2(c) AB K 3.7

-17-

 4.2(a) 4.2(b) 4.2(c) AB

(a)

KAB=2.0

Pcr =

(b)

KAB=2.7

Pcr =

(c)

KAB=3.7

Pcr =

2 EI
( Kl ) 2

2 EI
( Kl )

2 EI
( Kl )

Pe
2 EI
Pe =
4
(l ) 2

(2)

Pe
P
= e
2
2.7
7.29

(3)

Pe
P
= e
2
3.7 13.69

(4)

4.2(b) 4.2(a) AB AB
4.2(c) 4.2(a)
0.55=(Pe/7.29)/(Pe/4)
AB
0.29=(Pe/13.69)/(Pe/4)
[67]
4.3 Case ACase BCase C Case D
Case A Case B
Case C Case B
Case D
4.3
4.4 Pcrt (Total Critical Load)
(No. of Bay)
Case A
Case D
Case A Case BCD
Case A
Case BCD

[67]

[67]

-18-

3.

3.1

3.1 4.6(A)

[45]

4.6(B)
ab
4.6(C) 4.6(C) 4.6(D)
[47]
4.6(D)
4.7

[47]

3 3 EI
2
Pcr =
1 + 6 h
5

(6)

Pcr
h( 170 cm)

(=0.5 85 cm)
E(Young's modulus)
I(moment of inertia)

4.8
4.8(a) 4.8(b)
AB
AB 2.69

-19-


4.9(a) Pcr 4.9(b)

[47]
(85 cm)

1.

-20-

2.

5.5cm5.5cm 12 (3.64m)

[69]

4.10

3.6
4.11
[70,71] 4.11
4.10
4.11
[71]
4.5 4.5

4.11

4.12

4.12

3.

-21-

[34] 87

-22-


2000 500
1500

[34]

-23-

()
1.
C280

[ 5.1]
2.

5.1

5.1

110

-24-

3.
(1)
[71]
5.2

5.3

(2)

[71]

(3)

[71]

4.

(1)

(2) 16

-25-


(3)
(4)
(5) 1m

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

()
1.

11 [ 5.2]
2.

80 24 5.4
60 28
32

-26-

7.8
4 3.4

5.4
3.
(1)

5.5

5.4

3.4 m[27]
4.12

(2)
5.4

-27-

4.

(1)

3.4

(2) 16

12 14

(3)
(4) 7.8m 24cm

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

-28-


(5)

()
1.

[ 5.3]
2.

5.4
10m 5.5 5.4

5.3
5.6
5.4

5.7
3.

(1)

-29-

[37]

(2)

5.3

5.4 5.3

5.7

4.

(1)

(2)

(3)

-30-

(4)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

-31-


[1] AISC, Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel
for Buildings, Allowable Stress Design, American Institute of Steel Construction,
Chicago, Ill., 1989.
[2] AISC, Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel
for Buildings, Load and Resistance Factor Design, American Institute of Steel
Construction, Chicago, Ill., 2001.
[3] ()

[4] ()

[5] 2001
[6] 1993
[7] ()2002
[8] ()2002
[9] 2002
[10] 1998
[11] CNS 4750 A2067
[12] CNS 4751 A3079
[13] UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Standard (Part 1910 & 1926),
United States Department of Labor, Washington, D.C., 1974.
[14] AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE, American National
Standard for Construction and Demolition Operations: Scaffolding-Safety
Requirements (ANSI A10.81988), American National Standards Institute,
New York, 1988.
[15] AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE, "American National
Standard for Construction and Demolition Operations: Concrete and Masonry
Work-Safety Require-ments (ANSI 10.91983)," American National Standards
Institute, New York, 1983.

-32-

[16] ACI COMMITTEE 347, "Guide to Formwork for Concrete (ACI 347R-88)," ACI
Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 2, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1990.
[17]
02-02-011993
[18] Canadian Standards Association - S269.1, Falsework for Construction Purposes,
1975.
[19] BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, "Code of Practice for Falsework (BS
5975: 1982)," British Standard Institution, London, 1982.
[20] BRITISH

STANDARDS

INSTITUTION,

"Metal

Scaffolding,

Part

1.

Specification for Tubes for Use in Scaffolding (BS1139: Part 1: 1982)," British
Standards Institution, London, 1982.
[21] BRITISH

STANDARDS

INSTITUTION,

"Metal

Scaffolding,

Part

2.

Specification for Coupler and Fittings for Use in Tubular Scaffolding (BS 1139:
Part 2: 1982)," British Standards Institution, London, 1982.
[22] JAPAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, "Standard Specification for Design
and Construction of Concrete Structures-Part 2 (Construction)," Japan Society of
Civil Engineers, Tokyo, 1986.
[23] -1990~1991507pp.1991
[24] -1993266pp.1993
[25] -1994334pp.1994
[26] -1995298pp.1995
[27] Rosowsky,
D.V.Pan, A.D.
1994
[28] Peng, J.L., Stability Analyses and Design Recommendations for Practical
Shoring Systems during Construction, ASCE Construction Engineering and
Management Journal, Vol. 128, No. 6, pp.536-544., 2002.
[29] ()1997
94pp.
[30] ()1996

-33-

[31] ()1998
98pp.
[32] ()1997

[33] 2000
245pp.
[34] 1999
-IOSH88-S124
165pp.
[35] 1998IOSH87-S121273pp.
[36] 1995
77pp.
[37] 1995

IOSH84-S12195pp.
[38] 1995

93-104
[39] 1997

1-13
[40] 1999
55-65
[41] 1997
655-663

[42] Huang, Y.L., 1995; "Gravity Load and Resistance Factor Design Guidelines for
High Clearance Scaffold Systems," Ph.D. Dissertation, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, IN., 217pp.

-34-

[43] Huang, Y.L., Chen, H.J., Rosowsky, D.V. and Kao, Y.G. 2000; "Load-Carrying
Capacities and Failure Modes of Scaffold-Shoring Systems, Part I: Modeling and
Experiments," Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 10(1):53-66.
[44] Huang, Y.L., Kao, Y.G. and Rosowsky, D.V. 2000; "Load-Carrying Capacities and
Failure Modes of Scaffold-Shoring Systems, Part II: Analytical Model," Structural
Engineering and Mechanics, 10(1):67-80.
[45] Peng, J.L., 1994; "Analysis Models and Design guidelines for High-Clearance
Scaffold Systems," Ph.D. Dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.,
330pp.
[46] Peng, J.L., Pan, A.D.E., and Chen, W.F., 2001; An Approximate Analysis Method
for Modular Tubular Falsework, ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.
127, No. 3, pp.256-263.
[47] Peng, J.L., Pan, A.D.E., and Chan, S.L., 1998; Simplified Models for Analysis
and Design of Modular Falsework, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol.
48, No. 2/3, pp. 189-209.
[48] Peng, J.L., Pan, A.D.E., Chen, W.F., Yen, T., and Chan, S.L., 1997; Structural
Modeling and Analysis of Modular Falsework Systems, ASCE Journal of
Structural Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 9, pp.1245-1251.
[49] Peng, J.L., Pan, A.D., Rosowsky, D.V., Chen, W.F., Yen, T., and Chan, S.L., 1996;
High Clearance Scaffold Systems During Construction I. Structural Modelling
and Modes of Failure, Engineering Structures, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp.247-257.
[50] Peng, J.L., Rosowsky, D.V., Pan, A.D., Chen, W.F., Chan, S.L., and Yen, T., 1996;
High Clearance Scaffold Systems During Construction - II. Structural Analysis
and Development of Design Guidelines, Engineering Structures, Vol. 18, No. 3,
pp.258-267.
[51] 1993-19986 898pp.
[52] 1994
263pp.
[53] 1997
112pp.

-35-

[54] 1987 I
171pp.
[55] 1994
273pp.
[56] 1992 2
155pp.
[57] 1991
()172pp.
[58] 1991
()172pp.
[59] 1998
Vol. 3pp.
2031-2040
[60] 2000
Vol. 2
pp.1087-1094
[61] Peng, J.L., Rosowsky, D.V., Pan, A.D., Chen, W.F., and Yen, T., 1996; Analysis
of Concrete Placement Load Effects Using Influence Surfaces, ACI Structural
Journal, V. 93, No. 2, pp.180-186.
[62] Peng, J.L., Yen, T., Lin, I., Wu, K.L., and Chen, W.F., 1997; Performance of
Scaffold Frame Shoring Under Pattern Loads and Load Paths, ASCE
Construction Engineering and Management Journal, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp.138-145.
[63] Peng, J.L., Rosowsky, D.V., Pan, A.D.E., Chen, W.F., and Chan, S.L., 1998;
Simplified Modeling and Analysis of Pattern Loading Effects on Shoring
Systems During Construction, Advances in Structural Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 3,
pp.203-218.
[64] Chen, W.F. and Lui, E.M., 1988; "Structural Stability: Theory and
Implementation," Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., 490pp.
[65] LeMessurier, W. J. 1977; "A Practical Method of Second Order Analysis, Part 2 Rigid Frames." AISC Engineering Journal, 14(2), April, pp. 49-67.

-36-

[66] Peng, J.L., 2002, Stability Analyses and Design Recommendations for Practical
Shoring Systems during Construction, ASCE Construction Engineering and
Management Journal, Vol. 128, No. 6, pp.536-544.
[67] 2000
26 pp.97-111
[68] 2001.11
pp.65-76
[69] 2002

pp.252-271
[70] Peng, J.L., Kung, C.H., and Chan, S.L. 2000; "Structural Analyses of Two-Layer
Falsework during Construction," Proceedings: 1st International Conference on
Structural Stability and Dynamics (ICSSD), Taipei, Taiwan, pp.219-224.
[71] 22
pp.87-941998

-37-

 3.1

3.2

-38-

3.3 U

()

()

3.4

-39-

(a)

(b)

4.1

4.2

-40-

P/2

P/2

P/2

P/2

P/2

P/2

P/2

C
L
B

Strong column

Leaned column

Case A

Case C

Case B

Case D

4.3

6000
,
,

,
,

,
,

CaseA

: 2D
: 3D

Pcrt (kgf)

4000

: test values

2000

CaseB

CaseC
CaseD

0
0

No. of Bay

4.4

-41-

P/2

 4.5 16

4.6

-42-

 4.7

(a)

(b)

4.8

-43-

Pmax < 0.5 Pcr

Pcr

(a)

(b)

4.9

4.10

-44-

4.11

Z
Y
X

4.12

-45-

c
b
a

5.1

600
Load B!

Case A!

Pcrt (kgf)

400
Case B*

Case A*
* Numerical
! LeMessurier

200

0
0

10

20

30

No. of Bays

5.2

-46-

300

Case A*

Case B*

Pcrt (kgf)

200
Case A!

Case B!

*:Numerical
!:LeMessurier

100

0
0

10

20

30

No. of Bays

5.3

5.4

-47-


()

5.5

-48-

 3.1

3.2

-49-

 3.3

3.4

-50-

 3.5

3.6 #3

-51-

 3.7

3.8

-52-

 3.9

3.10

-53-

 3.11

3.12

-54-

 3.13

3.14

-55-

 3.15

3.16

-56-

 3.17

3.18

-57-

 3.19

-58-

 5.1

5.2

-59-

 5.3

5.4 (I)

-60-

 5.5 (II)

5.6

-61-

 5.7

-62-


1 A1

3(
)

4(or )

9 3.5M 2M

10

11
12(
)
13

-63-

2 A1

4(
)

5(or )

10
(
)

11
U
12

13

-64-