ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering

Lecture 07: Linepipe Fabrication

Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. Assistant Professor Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland spkenny@engr.mun.ca

Lecture 06 Objective
To provide an overview of fabrication methods for linepipe

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Linepipe Fabrication Considerations

Level of Vendor Integration
Steel mill (making) versus linepipe fabricator Source material (plate, coil) Pricing contracts

Multiple Sourcing Material Qualification

Mechanical property specification probably met Welding procedures may require assessment
3
Ref: JFE (2007)

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Steel Making Process

Basic Oxygen Process
Ref: Palmer and King (2004)

Ref: JFE (2007)

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Steel Making Process (cont.)

Continuous Slab Casting

Ref: Palmer and King (2004)

Ref: JFE (2007)

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Linepipe Fabrication Methods

Conventional Steel (C-Mn)
Seamless (SMLS) Longitudinal weld

High Frequency Welded (HFW) Submerged Arc-Welded (SAWL, DSAWL)

Spiral or helical weld (SAWH)

Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA)

SMLS & SAWL Electron Beam Welded (EBW) and Laser Beam Welded (LBW) Multiple Welding Processes (MWP)

Flexible
Composite

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Linepipe Fabrication (C-Mn)

Ref: DNV (2007)

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Linepipe Fabrication Inspection (C-Mn)

Ref: DNV (2007)

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Seamless Linepipe
Use
General offshore due to field joint welding

Dimensional Range
Nominal diameter (116)

24 (maximum diameter with cost penalty)

Nominal WT (0.0752)

Characteristics
Dimensional tolerance

Wall thickness (+15%, -12.5%) Ovality and taper angle Cost premium for tighter control Surface stress concentration Steel slivers on grit blasting

Coatings

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Seamless Linepipe (cont.)

Ref: JFE (2007)

10

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Longitudinal Weld HFW

Use
LF ERW poor performance (stitching) Water injection and non-critical offshore service

Dimensional Range
Nominal diameter (126) Nominal WT (0.051)

Characteristics
Dimensional tolerance

11

Reduced cost to seamless Tight dimensional tolerance (e.g. 5% WT) reduced total cost Electrical resistance and molten steel
ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Ref: JFE (2007)

No welding consumable

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Longitudinal Weld HFW (cont.)

Ref: JFE (2007)

12

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Longitudinal Weld UOE

Use
Larger diameter, higher pressure

Dimensional Range
Nominal diameter (1864) Nominal WT (0.22)

Characteristics
Competitive with seamless

13

14 to 24 range Wall thickness (+12%, -10% 5%) Ovality (+1% 0.5%) Smaller diameter pipe Split plates used to form linepipe

Dimensional tolerance Inclusions, defects at plate center

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Longitudinal Weld UOE (cont.)

Ref: JFE (2007)

14

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Longitudinal Weld UOE (cont.)

Ref: Herynk et al. (2007)

15

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Longitudinal Weld Spiral

Use
Large diameter Tanker loading lines (low pressure service) Carrier pipe for bundled lines

Dimensional Range
Nominal diameter (16100) Nominal WT (0.151.2)

Characteristics
Cheaper than UOE

16

Similar WT and D tolerance Corrosion Inspection tool blind spots or skipping

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Weld seam potential weakness

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Longitudinal Weld Spiral (cont.)

Ref: JFE (2007)

17

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Flexible Linepipe
Ref: CombinedOps (2005) Ref: Technip (2007)

18

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Specification Linepipe Parameters

Key Rule
Tolerance suits purpose (cost implication)

Wall Thickness
Fabrication, service level, cost factors Operating conditions, corrosion, criticality Installation requirements

Joint Length
Welding and installation requirements

Straightness
Welding procedures Installation water depth

Linepipe Bends
Minimum bend radius (5D to 1D) for pigging tools

Internal Cleaning
Millscale (oxide) for gas lines

19

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

Reading List
1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

6.

7.

8.

Section 7 DNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p. Herynk, M.D., Kyriakides, S., Onoufriou, , A., and Yun, H.D. (2007). Effects of the UOE/UOC Pipe Manufacturing Processes on Pipe Collapse Pressure. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 49, pp.533553. [2007_Herynk_etal_UOE_UOC.pdf] JFE (2007). JFE Line Pipe. 64p. [2007_JFE_Linepipe.pdf] Technip (2007). Flexible Pipe. 12p. [2007_Technip_Flexible_Pipe.pdf] Tenaris (2005). High Specification Pipeline Products for Shallow, Deep and UltraDeepwater. 12p. [2005_Tenaris_High_Specification_Pipeline_Products.pdf] Tenaris (2007). Bends. http://www.tenaris.com/en/ProductsServices/Pipeline/pro_ser_bends.asp [2007_Tenaris_Induction_Bends.pdf] Tenaris (2007). Coating Services. http://www.tenaris.com/en/ProductsServices/Pipeline/pro_ser_coating.asp [2007_Tenaris_Coating_Services.pdf] Tenaris (2007). Coiled Tubes and Seamless Line Pipe with One Supplier, March 2007, 8p. [2007_Tenaris_Coiled_Seamless_Linepipe.pdf]
2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng. ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07

20

References
CombinedOps (2005). http://www.combinedops.com DNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p. Herynk, M.D., Kyriakides, S., Onoufriou, , A., and Yun, H.D. (2007). Effects of the UOE/UOC Pipe Manufacturing Processes on Pipe Collapse Pressure. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 49, pp.533553. JFE (2007). http://www.jfesteel.co.jp/en/products/pipes/octg/location/index.html Subsea Pipeline Engineering (2004). A.C. Palmer and R.A. King, ISBN 159370013X Technip (2007). http://www.technip.com/english/experience/e_offields.html Tenaris (2007). http://www.tenaris.com/en

21

2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.

ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering Lecture 07