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Mr DR, a keen cyclist, is brought into A&E having been injured in a road traffic accident. A car stuck his right leg fracturing the femur and causing extensive muscle damage. His leg is put into a splint. Once the fracture has healed it will take several months of physiotherapy for him to regain the full strength of his leg muscles.
3. What are the cells involved in forming and maintaining bone and what are their roles? There are four types of bone cells. Osteoblasts - These are commonly called bone-forming cells. They secrete osteoid with contains calcium, which forms the bone matrix this process is called ossification. They also begin mieralization, and are unable to divide. Osteocytes - A mature osteoblast which no longer secretes matrix, yet is surrounded by it. Maintains metabolism, and participates in nutrient/waste exchange via blood. Unable to divide. Osteoclasts - These function in resorption and degradation of existing bone, the opposite of osteoblasts. Monocytes (a type of white blood cell) fuse together to create these huge cells, which are concentrated in the endosteum. Osteoprogenitors - Immature cells which differentiate to make osteoblasts. May divide.
4. What is the microscopic structure of striated muscle tissue? Skeletal striated muscle is made up of individual components known as muscle fibers. These fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts. The muscle fibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells composed of myofibrils. The myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin myofibrils repeated as a sarcomere, the basic functional unit of the muscle fiber and responsible for skeletal muscle's striated appearance and forming the basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction.