Hipoclorito de Sdio

O que ? Soluo aquosa alcalina com 10% de cloro activo e cerca de 10-12g/l de hidrxido de sdio residual que no ocorre naturalmente no ambiente. obtido atravs da reaco do Cloro gasoso (Cl2) com uma soluo aquosa de Hidrxido de Sdio. Outros nomes: Soluo de Carrel-Dakin, Livvia, Clorox, Cloro lquido Caractersticas fsico-qumicas: Frmula Molecular Massa Molecular Cor Odor Solubilidade em gua a 20C Ponto de ebulio Fotossensibilidade Resistncia temperatura Reaco c/ substncias cidas Inflamabilidade Risco associado Uso/aplicaes: O Hipoclorito de Sdio aplicado no Branqueamento de celulose e txteis; Tratamento de guas Desinfeco, esterilizao, aco algicida e desodorizao de guas industriais, gua potvel e piscinas; Tinturaria; Produtos de limpeza; Lavagem de frutas e legumes; Produo de diversos produtos qumicos tais como: oxidantes, branqueadores e desinfectantes Soluo de irrigao em dentria Soluo de irrigao em dentria muito usado nesta rea, devido s suas propriedades como adjuvante na preparao fsico-qumica do canal radicular para cirurgia. A solvncia de tecidos orgnicos que estas solues apresentam devido aco do cloro sobre as protenas, formando cloraminas solveis em gua. Esta reaco tem rapidez proporcional concentrao de cloro activo presente na soluo. NaClO 74,45 g/mol Amarelo-esverdeado Odor picante, semelhante ao do cloro Solvel De 100 a 110C para solues a 10% Cl2 Decompe-se em presena de luz Acima de 20C decompe-se libertando oxignio Violenta, libertando cloro No inflamvel Corrosivo

Riscos para a Sade: Por contacto: A altas concentraes (mais de 13%) irrita a pele e pode causar queimaduras profundas e inflamaes. Contactos repetidos podem causar dermatose. Em contacto com os olhos causa irritao intensa, lacrimejamento e inchao das plpebras. Risco de leses graves ou permanentes do olho. Por inalao: Os vapores de NaClO so irritantes para o aparelho respiratrio causando tosse e irritao intensa do nariz e garganta. Exposies prolongadas causam danos severos ao sistema respiratrio (edema de faringe, laringe e pulmonar). Por ingesto: Pode provocar queimadura da boca, nuseas e vmitos sanguinolentos, colapso respiratrio, delrio, coma e possvel perfurao do esfago e estmago. Altas concentraes podem mesmo ser fatais. Se se ingere 3-6% de lixvia (branqueador domstico), d-se a irritao gastrintestinal. Se ultrapassar 10% pode mesmo causar leses corrosivas graves na boca, na garganta, esfago e estmago, acompanhados de hemorragia, perfurao, e eventualmente morte. Como reagir em caso de intoxicao por hipoclorito de sdio? Em caso de intoxicao, telefonar para o Centro de Infomao Antivenenos (CIAV) do INEM: 808 250 143 Caso tenha sido por ingesto, lavar a cavidade bucal com gua e uma toalha hmida. Ingerir gua ou leite de modo a diluir a sua concentrao no estmago. Nunca provocar o vmito! Procurar assistncia mdica. Caso tenha sido por contacto na pele lavar abundantemente com gua e sabo no mnimo durante 20 minutos. Se tiver sido por contacto com os olhos, lavar imediatamente com gua abundante, pelo menos durante 20 minutos, mantendo os olhos bem abertos. Procurar assistncia mdica. Em caso de inalao de gs ( que s ocorrer se houver mistura de hipoclorito de sdio com outro produto qumico, principalmente se for um cido) e se houver irritao, encaminhar a vtima para um local com ar fresco e procurar assistncia mdica. Cuidados a ter na sua manipulao Usar culos de proteco, luvas de borracha e avental impermevel; Lavar as mos aps a utilizao do mesmo; Evitar a manipulao de vapores;

Riscos ambientais

Este produto txico para peixes e organismos aquticos. Nunca descarregar este tipo de produtos em sistemas de esgotos, rios, lagos ou mar sem ter notificado a autoridade local. Condies de armazenamento Deve ser armazenado em frascos de plstico, em locais frescos (abaixo de 30 C), bem ventilados e protegidos dos raios de sol. As tampas dos frascos devem ter respiro para permitir a sada do gs (oxignio), evitando uma possvel ruptura do frasco. Reaces de decomposio A reaco dominante forma clorato de sdio: 3 NaClO 2 NaCl + NaClO3

A reaco secundria, que ocorre em menor escala, gera oxignio: 2 NaClO 2 NaCl + O2

Os produtos da decomposio so inofensivos, constituindo-se principalmente de sal (cloreto de sdio) e oxignio. Desinfeco: A desinfeco tem por finalidade a destruio de microorganismos nocivos sade, de modo a evitar infeces e doenas. A aco do Hipoclorito de sdio deve-se essencialmente libertao de Cloro activo. O mecanismo de aco consiste na inibio da reaco enzimtica no interior da clula e produz desnaturao e inactivao do cido nucleico. O Cloro activo libertado actua sobre as protenas formando cloraminas que so solveis em gua

Concentraes usadas do Hipoclorito de sdio como desinfectante: - 0,15 a 0,25 ppm (0,000015%) elimina bactrias vegetativas em 30 segundos; - 100 ppm ( 0,01 %) elimina fungos em menos de 1 hora; - 200 ppm ( 0,02 %) elimina 25 tipos diferentes de vrus em menos de 10 minutos; - 100 ppm ( 0,01 % ) elimina 107 de S. aureus e P. aeruginosa em menos de 10 minutos. - 500 ppm (0,05%) elimina 106 de HBV, em 10 minutos, 20C. - 50 ppm (0,005%) elimina 105 de HIV, em 10 minutos, 25C.

10ppm=1:5000; 50ppm=1:1000; 100ppm=1:500; 500ppm=1:100; 1000ppm=1:50; 5000ppm= 1:10

Branqueamento de celulose e txteis: O mecanismo de actuao pelo qual branqueia, baseia-se na sua propriedade de forte oxidante, que rompe as molculas coloridas dos pigmentos responsveis das ndoas. A sua aco no afectada a temperaturas baixas.

Concentraes a que o hipoclorito de sdio usado Desinfeco do ambiente e dos objectos: Lixvia diluda com gua (1:100) deixando actuar mais ou menos tempo consoante a superfcie a desinfectar. Desinfeco de vegetais: Concentrao entre 100 e 200 ppm. Desinfeco de gua potvel: na ordem de 0.0002% em concentrao de cloro (uma percentagem 12500 vezes menor que o seu teor na lixvia - 2,5%) Tratamento de piscinas: O nvel de cloro residual deve ser mantido entre 1,0 e 1,5 ppm estando o pH entre 7,0 e 7,6.

Preparao da lixvia diluda: Em geral a lixvia de uso domstico contm cerca de 5% de cloro livre. Tendo em conta a concentrao de cloro, a lixvia diluda preparada na propriedade 1:100 tem efeito de desinfeco e esterilizao. Para cada poro de lixvia, deve ser diluda 100 pores de gua.

Desodorizao O hipoclorito de sdio pelas suas caractersticas oxidantes combate os odores, por duas razes: 1- pela sua aco letal para as bactrias produtoras das substncias que exalam mau cheiro; 2- pela sua aco de oxidante energtico, que destri as prprias molculas produzidas pelas bactrias. Piscinas

No caso do tratamento de piscinas, a clorao tem 3 objectivos: Desinfeco (destruir os microorganismos existentes); Oxidao (Eliminao de materiais orgnicos que possam alterar a cor da gua, gerar odores ou formar limo. A oxidao transforma estes materiais em substncias insolveis que podem ser removidas fisicamente por filtrao ou aspirao); Manuteno do cloro livre (Que vai evitar novas contaminaes) muito importante o controle do cloro residual pois este deve ser mantido entre 1,0 a 1,5 ppm. Problemas e solues A gua est: Com forte cheiro a Cloro Causa mais provvel: Cloro insuficiente para oxidar contaminaes. Formao de cloraminas que so geradas por reaces de cloro com suor, urina, bronzeadores,etc. - pH inadequado (alto ou baixo) - excesso de cloro Presena de algas devido insuficincia de cloro Presena de ferro, mangans ou cobre, combinados com o cloro Bronzeadores e fuligem Acmulo de material orgnico devido falta de cloro. Presena de microorganismos na gua. Ausncia de cloro Soluo: - Superclorao e filtrao - Manter o teor de cloro livre entre 1 e 3 ppm

Causando irritaes nos olhos e na pele Verde e turva, manchas pretas ou verdes nas paredes Colorida (verde azulada, vermelha, marrom, preta) Gordura espalhada na superfcie da gua Com espuma Causando infeces (conjuntivite, micose, etc)

- Ajustar pH para faixa de 7,0 a 7,6 - Baixar o teor de cloro - Superclorao - Escovao - Manter o teor de cloro livre entre 1 e 3 ppm. - Superclorao - ajustar o pH para faixa de 7,0 a 7,6 - Coar a superfcie da gua - Superclorao - Superclorao - Superclorao. - Manter o teor de cloro livre entre 1 e 3 ppm

Estudos de toxicidade Efeitos mutagnicos

- troca

de cromatdeos irmos in vitro em tecidos humanos;

- aberraes cromossmicas in vitro em tecidos no-humanos e em leuccitos e linfcitos humanos; - alguma genotoxicidade in situ em plantas; - alguns estudos indicam que no h danificao primria do DNA quando em contacto com esta substncia isolada. O mesmo no acontece com compostos no aparentados como a clorina que pode causar aberraes cromossomais. Efeitos carcinognicos - Possvel carcinogenicidade Efeitos a nvel imunolgico - segundo um estudo feito in vitro, o Hipoclorito de Sdio, quando em contacto com os macrfagos, diminui a capacidade de aderncia ao substracto dos macrfagos presentes no processo inflamatrio. Posto isto, e visto que a funo destes fica inibida, os macrfagos perdem o poder de fagocitar substncias e de apresentao antignica, havendo uma diminuio da reaco inflamatria nos tecidos perifricos.

Efeitos embriolgicos - Possvel ligao entre a ingesto de guas tratadas com hipoclorito de sdio por parte das grvidas e a menor altura e menor dimetro de crneo dos seus recm-nascidos. - Reduo do desenvolvimento embrio-larvar normal com simultnea citotoxicidade em organismos marinhos em que o seu habitat foi exposto a este tipo de desinfectantes. Efeitos enzimticos - o hipoclorito de sdio a concentraes de 0.05%(m/v) inibe totalmente a actividade da amilase salivar. Curiosidade: Um caso descrito de um doente que fazia hemodilise e que acidentalmente foi exposto ao hipoclorito de sdio proveniente dos lquido de limpeza do equipamento, demontrou o que acontece em caso de contacto directo deste produto com o sangue. O acidente levou a uma intensa hemlise, hipercalmia, cianose e paragem cardio-pulmonar.

Accidental systemic exposure to sodium hypochlorite (Chlorox) during hemodialysis. Hoy RH Am J Hosp Pharm 1981 Oct 38:1512-4 Abstract A case of accidental exposure of a patient undergoing hemodialysis to a sodium hypochlorite solution is reported. A 61-year-old woman was completing a hemodialysis treatment when routine cleaning of the hemodialysis machine was started. Approximately two liters of undiluted sodium hypochlorite cleaning solution (Chlorox) was added to the dialysis bath, soaking the membrane fibers. For less than two minutes the Chlorox-soaked membrane was in contact with the blood returning to the patient. This accident led to massive hemolysis, hyperkalemia, cyanosis, and cardiopulmonary arrest. Hemolysis may have been caused by the hypertonic solution, rapid exothermic protein degradation, alkaline degradation, or another mechanism. The sudden rise and fall in the concentrations of serum electrolytes and subsequent hyperkalemia was the most probable cause for the cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started, the patient was intubated, given oxygen, sodium bicarbonate, atropine, dopamine, and isoproterenol. Sodium thiosulfate 5 g was administered by a nasogastric tube approximately 25 minutes after the cardiac arrest as a neutralizing reducing agent. The patient's condition stabilized, and she recovered after a week of hospitalization. Cleaning solutions used in the routine cleaning of hemodialysis machinery represent potentially toxic agents. Hemodialysis procedures should ensure that cleaning and sterilizing solutions cannot accidentally come into contact with a dialysis machine that is still connected to the patient.

Mutagenicity Studies: GENE-TOX Evaluation B (post-1980): Species/Cell Type: Assay Type: Assay Code: Results: Panel Report: Reference: Human Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in vitro SC1+ Positive EMIC/91392; Mutat Res 297:101-180,1993 EMICBACK/43143; SENSHOKUTAI(KROMOSOMA) 20:574584,1980

GENE-TOX Evaluation A (pre-1980): Species/Cell Type: Assay Type: Assay Code: Nonhuman Chromosome aberrations in vitro CY&+D

Results: Dose Response: Panel Report:

Positive With dose response EMICBACK/41729; MUTAT RES 87:143-188,1981

Species/Cell Type: Assay Type: Assay Code: Results: Dose Response: Panel Report:

Human lymphocytes or leukocytes Chromosome aberrations in vitro CY7+D Positive With dose response EMICBACK/41729; MUTAT RES 87:143-188,1981

Genotoxicity of surface water treated with different disinfectants using in situ plant tests. Monarca S, Rizzoni M, Gustavino B, Zani C, Alberti A, Feretti D, Zerbini I. Department of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Perugia, Italy. monarca@unipg.it Disinfection of surface drinking water, in particular water chlorination, results in many by-products with potential genotoxic and/or carcinogenic activity. In the present study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of surface water after treatment with different disinfectants by means of in situ plant genotoxicity assays (micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests) which can detect both clastogenic and aneugenic effects. The study was carried out at a pilot plant using lake water after sedimentation and filtration. This water supplied four stainless steel basins: three basins were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, and peracetic acid and the fourth basin containing untreated lake water was used as a control. Plants were exposed in situ in the basins. The study was carried out using water collected in different seasons over a period of about 1 year in order to assess the treatments in different physical and chemical lake water conditions. The micronucleus test in root cells of Vicia faba (Vicia faba/MCN test) revealed genotoxicity in many samples of disinfected water. The micronucleus test in Tradescantia pollen cells and the chromosome aberration test in root cells of Allium cepa showed genotoxic effects only in some disinfected samples, but also revealed genotoxicity in raw water. The results of the study indicated that the Vicia faba/MCN test was the most sensitive plant assay for disinfected water and that peracetic acid disinfection produced similar or lower genotoxicity than sodium hypochlorite or chlorine dioxide treatment. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. PMID: 12802806 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Carcinoma of the ear: a case report of a possible association with chlorinated disinfectants. Monem SA, Moffat DA, Frampton MC.

Department of Neuro-otology and Skull Base Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. In this report we present a case of squamous cell carcinoma developing in a mastoid cavity after prolonged exposure to the chemical disinfectant, Eusol. The efficacy and safety of Eusol and other chloric acid (hypochlorous acid) derivatives in clinical use is debated. Assessment of developmental effects, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in the marine polychaete (Platynereis dumerilii) exposed to disinfected municipal sewage effluent. Hutchinson TH, Jha AN, Mackay JM, Elliott BM, Dixon DR Mutat Res 1998 Mar 399:97-108 Abstract While sodium hypochlorite is widely used as a disinfectant for municipal sewage effluents and power station cooling waters discharged into coastal environments, there is limited information on the potential in vivo genotoxicity of such disinfection procedures to marine organisms. Using a recently developed test system based on the marine polychaete Platynereis dumerilii, we have evaluated impacts based on embryolarval development, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity following exposure to disinfected settled (primary) effluent from a municipal sewage treatment works (STW). Sewage samples were collected from Newton Abbot STW, Devon, UK and then disinfected with sodium hypochlorite based on standard operational procedures. Exposure of polychaetes to dilutions of disinfected sewage in seawater (20 +/- 1 degree C) led to a marked reduction in normal embryo-larval development (7 h EC50 from 0.57-1.88% (v/v), n = 4), with a simultaneous increase in cytotoxicity. Following the calculation of the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD), based on developmental and cytotoxic effects, the organisms were also analysed for the induction of chromosomal aberrations. This investigation demonstrated the absence of genotoxicity in polychaetes exposed in vivo to sewage disinfected with sodium hypochlorite. These observations extend our previously published studies in which polychaetes exposed to non-disinfected sewage, while showing developmental toxicity and cytotoxicity, did not exhibit any evidence of cytogenetic damage.

Effects of GK-101 (NMG) and sodium hypochlorite on salivary amylase activity C. M. Habib, J. H. Kronman, M. Goldman and S. Cushner A study was designed to assess the effects of the sodium salt of N-monochloroglycine (NMG) and sodium hypochlorite on the activity of salivary amylase. Concentrations of each agent were varied to determine the concentration at which the threshold and total

inhibition of enzyme would be obtained. The data indicated that NMG at concentrations of 0.10% (w/v) does not affect amylase activity, whereas sodium hypochlorite at concentrations of 0.05% (w/v) totally inhibits salivary amylase activity.

Possveis Novas Aplicaes

Cultura de clulas/tecidos: Verificou-se que o Hipoclorito de Sdio, a concentraes < ou = 0.005%, pode estimular a diviso celular de fibroblastos, ao contrrio do que se verifica para maiores concentraes, em que exibe efeitos citotxicos profundos. Este estudo poder servir de base para que no futuro se use estas concentraes para renovao de clulas e tecidos. Inactivao de retrovrus Da mesma maneira em que o hipoclorito de sdio usado na inactivao de retrovrus em superfcies ambientais e topicamente, poder ser usado, em menores concentraes, de modo a reduzir a carga vrica de um indivduo infectado. Visto o vrus da SIDA (HIV) ser um retrovrus, esta poder ser uma rea promissora que dever ser explorada. Tratamento de processos inflamatrios Tratamento de peritonite supurativa A oxidao electroqumica indirecta um mtodo de tratamento que consiste na introduo na cavidade abdominal de uma soluo de hipoclorito de sdio, entre outras. um processo seguro e de simples execuo, com aco activa no processo inflamatrio da cavidade abdominal, podendo por isso ser largamente usado no tratamento da peritonite. Tratamento de pielonefrite, cistite e uretrite Com a oxidao electroqumica por injeco intraperitoneal de hipoclorito de sdio, os sinais morfolgicos da inflamao urinria e renal comeam a desaparecer a partir do 1 dia de tratamento.

Growth-altering effects of sodium hypochlorite in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Hidalgo E, Dominguez C Life Sci 2000 Aug 67:1331-44 Abstract Sodium hypochlorite, the most widely used antimicrobial active chlorine compound in chemical disinfection, is little used as an antiseptic in clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the capacity of hypochlorite to alter human dermal fibroblast growth in vitro in relation to the concentration and exposure time. Effects of decreasing concentrations of hypochlorite (0.5%-0.00025%) on fibroblast adherence capacity and proliferation, according to varying exposure times and fetal calf serum (FCS) concentrations were investigated combining XTT assay, which provides cytochemical quantification of metabolically-active cell number, and total cell protein content, an indirect method for assessing substrate-adhered cell number. Initial cytotoxicity was produced at 0.0075% hypochlorite within contact time of two hours, provoking concentration-dependent cell detachment. From 0.1% upwards, NaOCl exerted a profound cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts. At later stages (4 h) and concentrations > or = 0.01% hypochlorite produced dose-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction: cell survival progressively diminished from 71% to 10%. Cytotoxic effects were not significantly affected by exposure-time periods, probably because maximum chlorine is released within the first four hours. Hypochlorite concentrations from 0.005% to 0.00025% were found to have no inhibitory effects on cell growth; in fact, they appear to exhibit the opposite effect. Increments in protein content found after 24 h exposure ranged from 30% to 120% above control values. Hypochlorite is highly cytotoxic for fibroblasts at concentrations > or = 0.01% provoking concentration-dependent loss of cell adherence capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, a mitogenic effect was observed with concentrations < or = 0.005% which supports NaOCl as a source growth-promoting activity in cultured human fibroblasts. Hypochlorite proved to be a highly reactive molecule which inhibits or stimulates cell division according to the concentration.

Proposal for experimental studies to evaluate sodium hypochlorite dialysate in retroviral treatment. Avlicino AA, Newton CL Med Hypotheses 1994 Mar 42:169-72 Abstract Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely used to inactivate retroviruses topically and on environmental surfaces. This proposal establishes the thesis that sodium hypochlorite and its related oxygen free radicals can be administered in minute quantities in vivo to achieve a reduction in retroviral titer within the infected individual. Published reports of animal studies and accidental sodium hypochlorite infusion in much greater concentrations have indicated that the protein depletion and oxidation of sulfhydryl

compounds is reversible and possibly preventable by administration of disulfide reducing agents. Various methods of infusion can include the ex vivo retroviral inactivation of plasma utilizing extracorporeal circulation through a continuous centrifugal plasma separator. The utilization of infusion of low-concentration sodium hypochlorite dialysate for retroviral inactivation merits immediate experimental study. Chlorinated tap-water and table salt ingestion must also be among the environmental factors studied for correlation to HIV infection.

Inactivation of HIV-1 by chemical disinfectants: sodium hypochlorite. Van Bueren J, Simpson RA, Salman H, Farrelly HD, Cookson BD Epidemiol Infect 1995 Dec 115:567-79 Abstract The efficacy of sodium hypochlorite was assessed against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 suspended in low (8% v/v) or high (80% v/v) concentrations of serum or in a high (80%) concentration of blood. In the presence of 8% serum, 100 p.p.m. available chlorine in the disinfectant test mixture inactivated 3.75 log TCID50 HIV/ml within 30 s. When the test mixture contained 80% serum, 500 p.p.m. available chlorine inactivated more than 4 log TCID50 HIV/ml in 1-2 min. Lower concentrations of available chlorine were unable to inactivate the virus completely. In the presence of 80% blood, 1000 p.p.m. available chlorine in the disinfectant test mixture was unable to inactivate 3.75 log TCID50 HIV/ml, although 2500 p.p.m. available chlorine was able to inactivate at least 1.5 log TCID50 HIV/ml. In all test mixtures, the chlorine rapidly became combined and thus less active. Our results emphasise the importance of cleaning prior to disinfection with sodium hypochlorite since it may prove to be ineffective in the presence of high levels of organic matter. In cases where prior cleaning is impossible, care must be taken to use the higher recommended concentration (a minimum of 10,000 p.p.m. available chlorine).

[Effects of indirect electrochemical blood oxidation by sodium hypochlorite solution on the course on inflammatory process in the kidneys and urinary tract] Danilkov AP, Ivashchenko VV, Kirpatovski VI, Kudriavtsev IuV, Lavrinova LN Urol Nefrol (Mosk) 1998 May-Jun :25-7 Abstract The action of indirect electrochemical blood oxidation with 0.06% solution of sodium hypochlorite on kidney and urinary inflammation was studied in experiments on 60 non-inbred rat females of 200-250 g body weight. The animals were intravesically infected through the catheter with E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa. 3 days later, after

histological verification of acute pyelonephritis, ureteritis, cystitis, the animals were injected intraperitoneally 1.0 and 2.0 ml daily of sodium hypochlorite solution (control animals) or 0.89% solution of sodium chloride. Though no reliable decrease of the bacterial contamination was achieved, histologically, there was a marked reduction in morphological signs of the inflammation in the kidneys, ureter and urinary bladder on the first day after beginning of electrochemical blood oxidation with solution of sodium hypochlorite in experimental groups. In experimental group rats morphological signs of urinary and renal inflammation for both infections disappeared on days 7 and 10, respectively. In the control animals morphological signs of the inflammation remained after 10 days. Moreover, purulent inflammation was registered in the controls infected with Ps. aeruginosa.

Sodium hypochlorite in the treatment of suppurative peritonitis Petrosian EA Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 1993 May-Jun 150:18-21 Abstract The method of indirect electrochemical oxidation was used in treatment of 34 patients with acute purulent peritonitis. Twenty patients treated by the traditional method were taken as a group of comparison. The method consists in the elevation of sensitivity of the polyresistant microflora to antibiotics after the introduction into the abdominal cavity of a warmed to 37 degrees C 0.06--0.08% solution of sodium hypochlorite (100400 ml), buffered with sodium bicarbonate 0.4 g NaHO3 per 100 ml. A combined application of buffered sodium hypochlorite with antibiotics to patients with local, diffuse and general peritonitis resulted in shorter average terms of treatment correspondingly to (9 +/- 0.9), (13 +/- 1.3), (16 +/- 1.9) days against (17.2 +/- 2.4), (25.0 +/- 3.3), (34.7 +/- 4.1) days after traditional methods of treatment. Only 2 patients died of 13 patients with general peritonitis (15.38%). Thus, modelling the processes of oxidative detoxication and phagocytosis with using a transmitter of acute oxygen--an electrolysis solution of sodium hypochlorite is a practically safe and technically simple method of the active action on the inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity, so it may be widely used in treatment

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Bibliografia

www.forp.unp.br www.toxnet.nlm.nih.gov http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi www.carbocloro.com.br/produtos www.cas.org www.bmn.com www.jbc.org www.caii.com.br