INTRODUCTION: Definitions of E-Commerce are many and varied and no one definition really gives an adequate perspective on the

area. Roger Clarke (a leading Australian Authority on E-Commerce) defines E-Commerce as: The conduct of commerce in goods and services, with the assistance of telecommunications and telecommunications-based tools. [1] Simply, E-Commerce is buying and selling of goods and services through the electronic means. Australian and New Zealanders are changing as a nation as a result of the Internet. In particular, New Zealanders are becoming more sociable with friends and family online, with most believing the Internet is considerably enhancing their social contacts and also online shopping availabilities. Also revealed was that Internet access, usage, capability and attitudes are all strongly graded by New Zealanders age, income and area of residence. The younger, wealthier and more urban respondents were, the more connected they were, and the higher a households combined income, the more important the internet was rated in daily life. In Australia, eCommerce is rapidly emerging as a powerful business tool, with new markets opening up all the time. Through e-Commerce, Australian businesses has taken part in the rapid global exchange of goods and services over the internet, reaching new consumer areas and maximizing sales opportunities. EMERGENCE OF E-COMMERCE IN AUSTRALIA Electronic commerce has developed a new way of doing business has significant opportunities. It is increasing fast and becoming reality in Australia as in other parts of world. The uptake of e-commerce in Australia however is low with only 4% of sales conducted through internet only 6% of business defined by the Australian Bureau of statistics as internet commerce active (Australian Bureau of Statistics,2000). Australia lags behind the United States where it is estimated that by 2002, the e-commerce market will be worth $330 billion (Fraser, Fraser and McDonald 2000) and by 2003, 42% of all trade will be conducted online (Oliver 2001). Ecommerce in Australia has yet to make a significant impact in the market place but is moving at a rapid pace in that direction. The Australian Bureau of Statistics recently surveyed 641,000 businesses on the use of computers and the Internet, including web sites and Internet commerce. The survey found that: A higher proportion of large organizations accesses the Internet and uses it for business purposes than small and medium size ones. 91% of surveyed businesses use the Internet for E-mail, 85% for information searches.
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44% of businesses access government services, 36% for banking, 18% for ordering goods and services and 15% for receiving orders for goods and services. 88% of surveyed companies have company information on their web sites or home pages,79% advertise their own goods and services,37% have links to other websites and 36% are obtaining customer feedback via their websites. 6% of surveyed Australian businesses were classified a Internet commerce active ( i.e. receiving sales income from orders for goods or services over the Internet) The estimated total value of sales or orders, for the ending 30 June 2000 was $5.1 billion AUD and this was dominated business to business transactions (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2000).[2]

EMERGENCE OF ECOMMERCE IN NEWZEALAND New Zealand is seeing rapid growth in the use of new communications technology and particularly the Internet. Its significance extends too many sectors of our community at both national and local levels. Already the Internet has changed how business and trade deals are made, how schools and other academic institutions, councils, media and advertisers operate. The Internet also affects family interaction, the ways in which people form new friendships, and the communities to which people belong. Through the Ministry of economic development (MED), it is possible to monitor the developments and trends in Internet usage both locally and internationally. Ministry of economic development (MED) of Newzealand has surveyed and according to their website Surveys shown that large businesses by size which are 20 and over(FTES), 94% uses email, 79% uses for information and research, 2% ordering goods and services, 33% selling goods or services, 54% online banking, 3% dont use internet. By location its main centers uses email 72%,information and research 45%,32 % ordering goods and services, 33% selling goods or services, 38% online banking, 17% dont use internet,5% do not use computers. Provincial and rural uses email 61%,information and research 45%, 29 % ordering goods and services, 19% selling goods or services, 22% online banking, 25% dont use internet,9% do not use computers. Manufacturing purposes businesses uses email 66%,information and research 54%, 22 % ordering goods and services, 28% selling goods or services, 29% online banking, 23% dont use internet, 9% do not use computers. For personal purposes services uses through email are 53%, information and research 24%, 29 % ordering goods and services, 39%
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selling goods or services, 33% online banking, 37% dont use internet.[3] INTERNET PENETRATION NEWZEALAND According to the ITU (internet statistical usage). The following information is given: Internet Usage and Population Statistics: YEAR 2000 2003 2006 Users 830,000 2,110,000 3,200,000 Population 3,737,280 4,122,609 4,274,588 % Pop. 22.2 % 51.2 % 74.9 % Usage Source ITU ITU ITU

This shows that the by the end of Dec 2005 74.9% of the population uses internet in Newzealand.[4] Internet access New Zealanders have access to the internet at home or at work. That represents a rise of 29 points from 48% in February 2000 to 77% in November, 2004, according to the latest NBRPhillips Fox poll. Among those who have access, nearly 60% use the internet at least once a day. But despite the higher numbers, the amount of business New Zealanders conduct over the internet is static. Data security and ensuring the safety of commercially sensitive information are among the concerns involved around internet-based business. Online share trading remains at virtually nil, with little change from September 2002. Internet users appear to be taking heed of music industry warnings and downloading less music, a five-point dip from September 2002's 24% of respondents. But Kiwis are buying more books over the past three months, 14% of respondents had bought a book online, up six points from 2002.Surprisingly, an area that also remains static is online grocery shopping, floating around the 3% mark. Supermarkets attribute this to the fact people like to pick their own groceries, and the main concern of internet shopping the hesitancy to enter credit card details online. Increased broadband access in remote areas has seen rural communities going online with greater ease than ever before. However, according to the Ministry of Economic Development (MED) broadband users in New Zealand were paying significantly more for access than in other OECD countries. The report looking at the cost of broadband internet, fixed-line and mobile telephone calls revealed New Zealand businesses pay 160% above the OECD average for medium data users and 80% more than low data users.[5]

AUSTRALIA YEAR % Usage Source Pop. 2000 6,600,000 19,521,900 33.8 % ITU 2007 14,729,191 20,434,176 70.2 % Nielsen 2009 16,926,015 21,262,641 79.6 % Nielsen 2010 17,033,826 21,262,641 80.1 % Nielsen Neilson=Onlines 10th Australian Internet and Technology Report This shows that the by the end of Aug 2009 17,033,826 of the population of Australia i.e. 80.1% of the total population uses internet. Internet access Users Population

The above pie and bar chart shows the main internet access in Australia, which clearly shows that how much it is utilized/accessed to the total country as well as in the form of consumer access place. The recently conducted research shows the following internet access in overall Australia. 89% of the Australians are with internet access while 11% of the Australians are without internet access. The bar chart shows the access of internet through home are 77%, work 40% and library/institutions are 15% which are generated from Australians.

Internet Activity Summary by states and territories - Sep.2004 Location ISP Access Lines Subscribers New South Wales 256 667,338 1,935,000 Victoria 213 520,398 1,565,000 Queensland 174 347,658 1,026,000 South Australia 61 121,458 413,000 Western Australia 88 199,435 519,000 Tasmania 23 36,999 111,000 Northern Territory 13 11,633 32,000 Australian Capital Territory 34 53,995 1420,000 All Australia 687 1,958,914 5,741,000

This table shows the area of internet activity present in Australia, region wise which has given the total numbers of ISP, Access Lines and subscribers to them are given. Total 687 ISPs are available all over the Australia in Sep 2004[6] According to the information collected by NOIE (National office for the information economy), Australia has ranked 5th in the world for relatively low cost of internet access. According to the Australia Bureau of Statistics 2000, adults of household and individuals have 66% access out of which 8% makes pay bills/banking and 6% buy goods and services. Aged 18-24 access internet 73% and out of which 8% utilize it for online shopping. Metropolitan access 52% and make utilization of 7% and non-metropolitan household/individuals made access 39% out of which 4% utilizes online shopping. Businesses of small/medium industry accesses 60% and metropolitan is 64% and non-metropolitan is 55% [7] GROWTH OF INTERNET USSAGE BY CONNECTION TYPE NEWZEALAND New Zealand dial-up customers are on the rise, with Statistics New Zealand reporting a 4.1% increase in the number of active accounts between March and September last year. New Zealand had 1.24 million active internet subscribers as of September 2005, Stats NZ says, giving a ratio of 30.2 netizens per 100 inhabitants. The number of active subscribers in New Zealand increased 7.2% between March and September last year. The exact number of households in New Zealand, with and without internet access, wont be known until the figures from this years census have been collated. Projections based on the 2001 census estimate that the number of households in September 2005 at just under 1.6 million. Most of the internet subscribers were residential, says Stats NZ, but the number of business users shot up by 17.4% during the period. However these people are by and large using slow
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lower analogue modems to connect to the internet, the figures show and that number is increasing despite the recent broadband drive. In the six months to September last year, the predominant connection technology for 869,300 active users was analogue modems, Stats NZ says, as compared to 369,600 non-analogue ones. Of the non-analogue connections, DSL is the most common, but Stats NZ also counts cellular, wireless, cable, satellite and others in this category, which increased by a solid 15% last year. Last year, dial-up users accounted for around 70% of all internet users in New Zealand. Since most New Zealanders use dial-up, our download connection speeds during the time of the survey were predominantly below 64kbit/s. Likewise, upload speeds were below 64kbit/s in most cases. When it comes to non-analogue connection alternatives, download speeds were 128 to 256kbit/s for most users, followed by 512kbit/s to 2Mbit/s. Upload speeds followed the same pattern. This identified competition as the biggest barrier to growth for internet providers. However, 59% thought New Zealands telecommunications regulatory environment was holding them back, down from 70% in March 2005, followed by the high cost of international bandwidth, with 36% singling out that factor. The survey is the second six-monthly one conducted by Statistics NZ and ironically enough, it is entirely paper based. AT A GLANCE there were 1.24 million active internet subscribers in New Zealand between March and September 2005. 70%, or 869,300, were modem users Total residential internet penetration was around 30% Business uptake of internet connections increased by 17% 66 ISPs compete for the 1.24 million customers Dial-up access increased 4% from March to September.[8]

BROADBAND PENETRATION

New Zealand is ranked #3 amongst the 30 OECD countries in terms of broadband penetration rates, 3rd to Switzerland and Luxemburg. Its penetration growth rates per 100 subscribers are 2.57. Due to their small population size, New Zealand is ranked #27 out of the 30 OECD countries for having a total of only 1,048,518 fixed broadband subscriptions. They are ranked #17 by the number of fixed (wired) broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. Much of its success is due to the implementation of two broadband initiatives by the Ministry of Economic Development: the Ultra-Fast Initiative and Rural Broadband. Ultra-Fast Initiative The New Zealand government aims to accelerate the roll-out of ultra-fast broadband to 75% of New Zealanders through the Ultra-Fast Initiative. Alongside private sector investments, it will also support up to $1.5 billion in investments to further develop New Zealand's broadband connection, directing it to become an open-access infrastructure. With the recent announcement of the 2011 Budget, the government will provide $28.2 million to allow schools to connect to the Ultra-Fast Broadband network.[9] Rural Broadband Through the Rural Broadband initiative, the Ministry of Economic Development aims to achieve two key objectives in rural New Zealand: (i) Improving coverage of fast broadband services so that 97 % of households and enterprises are able to access broadband services of 5Mbps or better and; (ii) installing ultra-fast broadband to 97 % schools. Quoting ICT Minister Steven Joyce, "These are significant milestones that now see us moving into implementation of our vision for New Zealands digital future."[10]

AUSTRALIA

According to the recent research of the Australian government the above graph shows the subscribers by connection type in Australia. This shows the rapid growth of the mobile and fixed wireless from Jun 2006 to Dec 2010. The rate of mobile and fixed wireless has increased up to 20% from the previous year 2006; this great increase has made a 20-30% decline in the usage of dial up connections. While the other connection type i.e. cable fiber, satellite and DSL remain almost same with a small variance of increase in it from past years i.e. from Jun 2006 to Dec2010. HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO A DIAL-UP OR BROADBAND INTERNET CONNECTION - 2004-05 to 2006-07

The uptake of broadband Internet access varied across states and territories with the Australian Capital Territory reporting the highest proportion of households (58%) with broadband Internet

access. In terms of region, both household and personal access to broadband Internet was more prevalent in metropolitan areas than in ex-metropolitan areas. [11] BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS by type of technology-2004-05 to 2006-07

Of the households with broadband access, the dominant type of technology used was Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), reported by 70% of households with broadband access, although the percentage of households using this type of technology had decreased by 13 percentage points. At the personal level, nearly three-quarters of people (72%) accessing the Internet at home used a broadband connection. High income earners, people with higher levels of educational attainment and younger people (15 to 24 years) registered relatively higher levels of broadband access. [12] ONLINE SHOPPING NEWZEALAND Online retail reaches 65.3% of New Zealanders, above the Asia Pacific average of 55.9%.[13] However, they do not spend much time on such sites; only 1.5% of their total online time is spent on online shopping. The number of New Zealanders aged 18+ making transactions online by the end of 2010 reached an all time high of nearly 1.5 million. This was an increase of over 7% ahead of 2009 and significantly, with 46 % of the adult population making a purchase online, this is nearly double the figure of 6 years ago. In addition, those who already shop online are now also buying more via the medium, with those people purchasing four or more items online in the past year increasing by 25% compared to 2009. [14]

The reason for this surge is because 2/3 of online New Zealanders say they receive e-mail alerts from daily deal websites and a very high 40 % say they have made a purchase from such a site in the past three months. The proliferation of such websites and especially the new phenomenon of group buying sites are no doubt helping to increase the volume of purchases mass in online for

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Newzealand.

Many consumers are now also being encouraged to shop online by the recent introduction of debit cards for purchasing via the web. Although the uses of credit cards are still the most popular option (50% most preferred for online purchasing), debit cards are increasingly being utilized, having grown to 19% from 11% last year for most preferred. Debit cards appear to be especially attractive to women, younger age groups and those with lower incomes who in some areas may not have access to credit cards. [15]

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The most popular product and services that New Zealanders buy online from February 2010 to Feb 2011 are airline tickets, 51.1% of online shoppers have purchased an airline ticket in the past 12 months. The top airline Top Airline websites in New Zealand for the week ending April 9 2011 by % of visits. [16] 1. Air New Zealand (www.airnz.co.nz): 41.97% 2. Air New Zealand - grabaseat (www.grabaseat.co.nz): 14.12% 3. Jetstar (www.jetstar.com): 9.29% 2nd most popular product purchased online are books/ magazines (30.6%), 3rd being entertainment at 28.2% and 4th being clothing/shoes/accessories at 26.8% and 5th at travel related services at 23.8%. New Zealanders perceptions of online shopping have improved significantly in the past few years, and 61% of New Zealand Internet users say they find it easier to compare products and prices over the Internet. Close to half of New Zealanders (49%) find online shopping to be more convenient. A high number of New Zealanders prefer to purchase from New Zealand online retailers as opposed to international sites, if the products or services are available locally. AUSTRALIA The increasing significance of the internet as a channel for business in Australia is demonstrated by the growing value of goods and services sold or ordered online. The ABS estimates that during 200809, 27% of businesses in operation in Australia generated income from the sale of goods and services online, with total online sales estimated to be in the vicinity of $123 billion, a 52 per cent increase since June 2008. Data relating to June 2010 is not available as yet.

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The evolution of the internet as a business channel is further demonstrated by the scope of goods and services now available for purchase online. Australians went online during the last quarter of 200910 to purchase a wide range of services, with travel, print and music related items being the most frequently identified purchases. Thirty-six per cent of internet users in Australia aged 14 years and over made an online purchase relating to travel items including tickets and accommodation. A further 23 per cent and 19 per cent respectively purchased print related material (books, magazines and newspapers) and music for downloading. [17]

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THREADS/OPPORTUNITIES FOR AUSTRALIA AND IN NEWZEALAND THREADS With the growth of e-commerce also comes a significant increase in the variety of fraudulent Web activities. Phishing and other scams involving the misappropriation of consumers digital identities are on the rise. Phishers are constantly experimenting, looking for better ways to defraud Internet users and reap more money from their crimes which makes it one of the most important threads for the Australian and Newzealanders. Millions of phishing URLs were reported in 2008. And the number of phishing attacks continues to grow. By the end of 2008, Australia and New Zealand already arrived at fifth place worldwide of all major countries with attacked brands, according to research from RSA Security. Cybercrime generates over AU$126.53 billion globally a year, making it more profitable than the illegal drug trade. Its no surprise that cybercrime has moved from being a part-time activity to a full-time career for true criminals. The reality of such figures has caused online shoppers to be wary of how they share their personal information to make purchases. In 2008, Australia was ranked in the top 10 countries in the world for phishing attacks. From the RSA Online Fraud Report, pp. 34, December 2008.[18] In 2008, New Zealand was among the top 20 countries in the world containing companies reporting phishing attacks.

And while many online businesses believe consumers are becoming more comfortable establishing customer relationships online, the statistics tell a different story. In addition to fear of identity theft, online shoppers are becoming increasingly distrustful of sharing personal information due to worry of misuse; nearly one-third of online shoppers in Australia and New Zealand never give out any personal information online. OPPORTUNITIES As the increased online shopping has raised many threads for the Australians and Newzealanders, it has created a great opportunities for them also. Increased broadband connections in both Australia and Newzealand have earned more and more revenues. And many consumers have shift themselves from dialup and DSL users to broadband connectivity. The mobile and fixed wireless connectivity has increased ratio in Australia but less in Newzealand i.e. it is easier for Australians to make ecommerce transactions as quickly throughout anywhere.

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Online shopping has increased in both countries from the past years gradually, which eventually has increased the revenues for the both.

REGULATIONS NEWZEALAND Internet filtering The implementation of the Internet filter in 2010 by New Zealands Department of Internal Affairs' (DIA) had been a controversial topic amongst netizens in New Zealand.[19] Until its meeting with the Independent Reference Group, the DIA had delayed the announcement of the filter going live on 1 Feb 2010. Issues concerned include whether ISPs should reveal the filtering of the Internet to their customers. File Sharing A new law against online piracy that put us on everyday Internet users to prove their innocence has just been passed under the Copyright (Infringing File Sharing) Amendment Bill on 14 April 2011.[20] If accused of piracy by copyright holders, or face fines of up to NZ$15,000 or have their Internet access shut down for three months. Just to make things more interesting, individual accused of piracy are not allowed to hire lawyers. The new law, scheduled to go into effect on September 1 2011 for traditional Internet networks and in 2013 for mobile networks, is designed to curb illegal online fire sharing activity. The law represents New Zealands second attempt to curtail illegal file sharing in the country: its earlier effort, back in 2009, generated so much opposition that lawmakers shelved the idea for a later day. [21] The new law gives copyright holder the capability to send evidence of copyright infringement to Internet service providers, accusing customers of engaging in illegal file sharing. The ISPs must then send up to three notices of infringement against their customer; if the warnings are ignored, the copyright holder can bring the matter to New Zealands Copyright Tribunal, which can issue fines of up to NZ$15,000 and have their Internet access shut down for up to six months if other deterrents are found ineffective.

AUSTRALIA Australian internet The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) takes the approach of coregulatory scheme for online content, which includes government, the industry as well as the community to play a part in managing and addressing the concerns about illegal and offensive content online. The scheme encompasses efforts such as coming up with codes of practice for Internet Service Providers and online content service providers, educating the community about online safety issues and other components. [22] Prohibited online content Under this scheme, all contents in the World Wide Web sites, peer-to-peer file sharing applications, newsgroups as well as live content and accessible online contents are monitored. Prohibited contents include materials which have sexual, pornographic, violence, crime, violence, drug use or advocate terrorist acts.
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TechCrunch.com provides examples of what is allowed or not allowed over the net in Australia. For example questioning Government policy where it comes to Aboriginal people could be deemed to be discrimination under Australian law and hence it may be blocked by the censorship regime. Bloggers or forum owners who allow users to comment or post could find themselves blocked under this proposal should someone say or post the wrong thing. Internet filtering Since October 2008, the governing Australian Labor Party has proposed to extend Internet censorship to a system of mandatory filtering of overseas websites which are, or potentially would be, "refused classification" (RC) in Australia. Content that has been classified as RC includes, aborigines, abortion, anorexia, or laws governing the sale of marijuana as well as media reports or medically related information on these subjects. This means that internet service providers would be required to block access to such content for all users. As of June 2010, legislation to enact this policy still has not been drafted. The obligatory filter, if implemented, would make Australia one of the strictest democracies as far as Internet regulation goes. The Australian communications regulator says it will fine people who hyperlink to sites on its blacklist, which has been further expanded to include several pages on the anonymous whistle blower site Wiki Leaks. Wiki Leaks was added to the blacklist for publishing a leaked document containing Denmark's list of banned websites. ACMA's blacklist does not have a significant impact on web browsing by Australians today but sites contained on it will be blocked for everyone if the government implements its mandatory internet filtering censorship scheme. The Australian public has reacted badly to this filtering system. A poll of 20,000 Australians conducted by Fairfax Media in December 2009 showed that 96% of those respondents strongly opposed to this bill. An Internet Blackout day occurred on January 28 2010, where hundreds of Australian websites participated in this initiative to display their opposition against this filtering system. [23]

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CONCLUSION Australia and Newzealand are the fast developing and growing countries. Their revenues have increased more relative to the e-commerce activities working in their countries. The above informations are generated from different websites including recent surveys. It has found that the users of internet according to population have increased from the past years. Many users have shifted themselves from dial-up and DSL connection type to broadband connection. From the above all illustrated informations which I have gathered, I have found that the e-commerce of Australia is running more efficiently than Newzealand. It has ranked 5th among all nations in providing relatively low internet access. New Zealand is ranked #3 amongst the 30 OECD countries in terms of broadband penetration rates, is ranked #27 out of the 30 OECD countries for having a total of only 1,048,518 fixed broadband subscriptions and they are ranked #17 by the number of fixed (wired) broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. This shows broadband penetration in Newzealand is developing well and in near future it will increase further. And through ultra fast initiative and rural broadband initiative it will increase their digital future. While Australia has also developed their broadband connections and are increased to a some greater extent and in future it will developed more will eventually make decline of dial up users. Online retail reaches 65.3% of New Zealanders and has increased 7% from year 2009 which shows a increase in their retail online shopping which can lead them a double increase in their online shopping by this increasing rate. While Australia has increased 52% from 2008 in their online shopping which shows a great extent of profitability and increased revenues which is more higher than Newzealand retail online shopping and in near future it will increase upto 70%80% if it moves higher with this rate. Moreover as threads and opportunities which I have discussed earlier faced by both the countries are the same. The main opportunities for Newzealand is broadband which is developing with great rate and the measures which Newzealand government has take place will increase it further more. While Australia has developed its broadband activities to a great extent. These shows that Australia is running more effectively and efficiently than Newzealand. And the measures which both countries government are taking would make them higher and will double their revenues. RECOMMENDATIONS Newzealand should make more measures for fixed wireless connections as they are taking measures for broadband. Newzealand should also make measures to increase their debit card activities in males also, as to increase their effectiveness. Australia was ranked in the top 10 countries in the world for phishing attacks, so they should try to take initiative measures to reduce or control phishing attacks so that they can earn more trust from their customers. Newzealand and Australia should try to make more regulations related to the misuse of websites, so that they become more reliable for the parents as well as for the consumers.

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REFRRENCES Definition of ecommerce [1] http://www.timnoonan.com.au/ecrep10.htm Survey report of emergence of ecommerce in Australia [2] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.97.1497&rep=rep1&type=pdf Survey report of emergence of ecommerce in Newzealand [3] http://www.med.gov.au/ Table of Internet Usage and Population Statistics of Newzealand [4] http://www.internetworldstats.com/sp/nz.htm Internet access in Newzealand [5] Source: UMR Research The UMR Research omnibus is a telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of 750 New Zealanders aged 18 or older. Internet Activity Summary by states and territories in Australia [6] http://www.internetworldstats.com/sp/au.htm Information of internet access in Australia [7] http://www.noie.gov.au/ [8] growth of internet usage by connection type of Newzealand http://computerworld.co.nz/news.nsf/news/00D725EF22F3F254CC25714200179B6F Broadband penetration in Newzealand [9] http://computerworld.co.nz/news.nsf/news/statistics-nz-gets-58m-to-update-it-systems-inbudget [10] http://computerworld.co.nz/news.nsf/news/statistics-nz-gets-58m-to-update-it-systems-inbudget Internet access in Australia [11] http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/8146.0Main+Features12006-07 [12] http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/8146.0Main+Features12006-07 Online shopping in Newzealand [13] http://www.scribd.com/doc/36010556/ComScore-State-of-the-Internet-Asia-Pac-July-2010

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[14] http://nz.nielsen.com/news/Shopping_Online_Apr11.shtml [15] http://nz.nielsen.com/news/Shopping_Online_Apr11.shtml [16] http://nz.nielsen.com/news/Shopping_Online_Apr11.shtml Online shopping in Australia [17] http://au.nielsen.com Threads in Australia and Newzealand [18] http://www.rsa.com/solutions/consumer_authentication/intelreport/FRARPT_DS_1208.pd Regulations in Newzealand [19] http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO1003/S00159.htm [20] http://wlcentral.org/node/1655 [21] http://www.nzherald.co.nz/file-sharing/news/article.cfm?c_id=199&objectid=10719372 Regulations in Australia [22] http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/HOMEPAGE/PC=HOME# [23] http://openinternet.com.au/2010/03/12/australia-on-internet-censorship-watch-list/

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