Gio n ho hc 12

Bi 23 (1 tit) - Tit 37

a. Mc tiu bi hc

Mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loI kim

1. V kin thc
- Bit mt s ng dng quan trng ca hp cht kim loi kim. - Hiu c tnh cht ho hc ca NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 v pp iu ch NaOH.

2. V k nng
- Bit tm hiu tnh cht ca mt s hp cht c th ca kim loi kim theo quy trnh chung: Suy on tnh cht Kim tra d on Kt lun. - Bit tin hnh mt s TN v TCHH ca NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3. - Vit cc PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn minh ho cho tnh cht ca NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3. - Vn dng kin thc bit v s thu phn, quan nim axit, baz, TCHH ca axit, baz, mui tm hiu tnh cht ca cc hp cht. - Bit cch nhn bit NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 da vo cc phn ng c trng.

b. chun b

1. Dng c
-ng nghim thng v ng nghim chu nhit - ng nh git, a thu tinh, n cn

2. Ho cht
Na2CO3, nc ct v giy qu tm hoc dd phenolphtalein. - Cc dd CuSO4; NaHCO3; HCl; NaHCO3 Ca(OH)2 ; NaOH; HCl v phenolphtalein - NaHCO3 rn, nc ct

C. kim tra bI c

1. Cha bi3 ( trang 105). 2. Dn ra 3 PUHH trong nt Na b oxi ho thnh ion Na v 1 phn ng ho hc trong ion Na+ b kh thnh Na.

d. tin trnh ging dy

Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1 Cho HS quan st ng nghim ng NaOH rn, th tnh tan. Cho bit mt s TCVL ca NaOH. Da vo TCHH ca baz tan, d on TCHH ca NaOH GV thc hin mt s TN kim tra TCHH ca NaOH: Ho tan NaOH vo nc, nh thm vi git dd phenolphtalein ri chia thnh hai phn bng nhau: thm t t dd HCl vo phn I; thm t t dd CuSO4 vo phn II. Quan st HT, GT v vit PTPT, PTion rt gn. Tu t l mol gia NaOH v CO2 c th to mui trung ho hoc mui axit. c SGK v tm tt ng dng ca NaOH. NaOH c nhiu ng dng quan trng trong cc ngnh CN ch bin du m, luyn nhm, x phng, dt... Ni dung I. Natri hiroxit 1. Tnh cht NaOH l cht rn, mu trng, ht nc mnh, d nng chy, tan nhiu trong nc, l cht in li mnh: NaOH Na+ + OH NaOH l mt kim mnh, c t/c chung ca baz tan: -T/d vi oxit axit, axit to mui trung ho hoc mui axit: OH- + H+ H2O 2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3 - T/d vi dd mui to ra baz khng tan: 3 OH- + Fe3+ Fe(OH)3 2. ng dng (SGK)

Gio n ho hc 12

Cho bit tn PP iu ch NaOH, nguyn liu. GV gii thiu nguyn liu /c NaOH l dd NaCl bo ho. Thng in phn c cc m bng Fe, cc (+) bng than ch. Vit s , PTP dd NaCl c mng ngn.

Hot ng 2 Nu c im ca mui NaHCO3. L mui axit, mui ca axit yu v baz mnh. Da vo c im ca mui NaHCO3, hy d on tnh cht ca mui NaHCO3. NaHCO3 c phn ng vi vi axit mnh hn; p/ vi kim, thu phn trong nc cho mi trng kim. Theo quan im ca Brostet, NaHCO3 c t/c lng tnh. HS quan st TN: th tnh tan ca NaHCO3, dng giy qu tm th mI trng dd, cho NaHCO3 t/d ln lt vi dd HCl, NaOH. Hy kt lun v v TCHH ca NaHCO3. Cc mui MHCO3 (M l kim loi kim) c t/c tng t NaHCO3. c SGK v nu ng dng ca NaHCO3 -VD. Lm thuc cha au d dy, bt n, nc gii kht... Hot ng 3 Nu c im ca mui Na2CO3. L mui ca axit yu v baz mnh. Da vo c im ca mui Na2CO3, hy d on tnh cht ca mui Na2CO3. Na2CO3 c phn ng vi vi axit mnh hn; thu phn trong nc cho mi trng kim. Theo Brostet, Na2CO3 c tnh baz. HS quan st TN: th tnh tan ca Na2CO3, dng giy qu tm th mi trng dd, cho Na2CO3 t/d vi dd HCl. Hy kt lun v v TCHH ca

3. iu ch Trong CN, NaOH c iu ch bng cch in phn dd NaCl bo ho c mng ngn S in phn v PT in phn: - S P: NaCl Na+ + ClCc (+), anot: c Cl-, H2O 2 Cl- Cl2 +2e Cc (-), catot: c Na+, H2O 2 H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH - PTP: 2NaCl+2H2O dpdd comang ngan 2NaOH +H2 +Cl2 II. Natri hirocacbonat v natri cacbonat 1. Natri hirocacbonat a) Tnh cht t tan trong nc. Trong dd, phn li hon ton thnh ion: NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3 D b nhit phn hu : 2NaHCO3 t Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O Tnh cht lng tnh - T/d vi nhiu axit: HCO3-+H+ H2O+CO2. HCO3- nhn proton, n c t/c ca baz. - T/d vi dd baz: HCO3-+ OH- CO32-+H2O HCO3- nhng proton, n c t/c ca axit. b) ng dng SGK 2. Natri cacbonat a) Tnh cht Tan nhiu trong nc. Trong dd, phn li hon ton thnh ion: Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32 Bn vi nhit. Tnh baz: -T/d vi nhiu axit: CO32-+ 2H+ H2O+CO2. CO32- nhn proton, n c t/c ca baz. - Thu phn cho mi trng kim: CO32-+ HOH HCO3 - + OH(tnh baz ca dd Na2CO3 manh hn NaHCO3). b) ng dng SGK
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Gio n ho hc 12

NaHCO3. Cc mui M2CO3 (M l kim loi kim) c t/c tng t Na2CO3. c SGK v nu ng dng ca Na2CO3 VD L nguyn liu trong SX thu tinh, x phng, giy, dt v /c nhiu mui khc; c trong thnh phn cht ty ra trong gia nh.

Bi tp ti lp: 1, 2, 5 (tr132 SGK); BTVN: 3,4 6 (SBT).