Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DISCLAIMER
Pershing Square Capital Management's ("Pershing") analysis and conclusions regarding McDonald's Corporation ("McDonald's") are based on publicly available information. Pershing recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the Company and its advisors that could lead them to disagree with the approach Pershing is advocating. The analyses provided include certain estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the Company. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Pershing manages funds that are in the business of trading - buying and selling - public securities. It is possible that there will be developments in the future that cause Pershing to change its position regarding the Company and possibly reduce, dispose of, or change the form of its investment in the Company. Pershing recognizes that the Company has a stock market capitalization of approximately $42bn, and that, accordingly it could be more difficult to exert influence over its Board than has been the case with smaller companies.
1
Table of Contents
Overview of McDonald's Pershings View of McDonald's Pershings Proposal to McDonald's: McOpCo IPO Company Response to Pershing Developing a Response to the Company Appendix A. Pershings Proposal: Assumptions B. PF McDonald's Financial Analysis C. McOpCo Financial Analysis
3 11 23 39 43 58 59 66 74
I. Overview of McDonald's
I.
Overview of McDonalds
On September 22nd, Pershing Square Capital Management (Pershing) presented a proposal for increasing shareholder value (the Proposal) to McDonalds management Pershing commends McDonalds management for its strong operational execution over the past two years Pershing appreciates the willingness and openness of McDonalds management to discuss the Proposal Management has taken our Proposal seriously our Proposal was presented to McDonalds Board of Directors Pershing had a follow-up meeting with McDonalds management on October 31 when the Company communicated its response to our Proposal Pershing is pleased to have the opportunity to share the details of our Proposal with the broader investment community
I.
Overview of McDonalds
Review of McDonalds
Worlds largest foodservice franchisor and retailer $42 billion equity market value $55 billion in estimated system wide sales 32,000 system wide restaurants, globally Serves 50 million customers daily in 119 countries Everyday 1 out of 14 Americans eats at a McDonalds One of the worlds most recognized brands Consistently named in the top 10 global brands along with Coke and Disney One of the largest retail property owners in the world Estimated owned and controlled real estate market value of $46 billion (1) Estimated 18,000 restaurants where McDonalds owns land and/or building Significant free cash flow business
I.
Overview of McDonalds
Following declines in same-store sales and profitability in 2001 and 2002, Management has improved operations through product innovation, capital discipline and strong execution. As a result, the Companys profitability has increased.
(1)
30.0%
Revenue / EBITDA
$15,000
$10,000
27.0%
25.5%
24.0%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
0.6%
(1.3%)
EBITDA
(2.1%)
Revenue
6
2.4%
EBITDA Margin
6.9%
I.
Overview of McDonalds
As a result of the Companys improved capital allocation, pre-tax unlevered free cash flow has increased from a five-year low of $2.0 billion in 2002 to $3.5 billion in 2004.
Historical Pre-Tax Unlevered Free Cash Flow(1) Performance
($ in millions)
$4,000 $3,483 $3,205 26%
$2,000
$2,199
$2,134
$1,994
18.7%
18.3%
18%
$1,000
15.4%
14.4% 12.9%
14%
$0 2000A 2000 2001A 2001 EBITDA CapEx 2002A 2002 2003A 2003 Margin % 2004A 2004
10%
_______________________________________________ (1)
Denotes Adjusted EBITDA CapEx. Adjusted EBITDA is adjusted for certain non-recurring and non-cash expenses.
7
I.
Overview of McDonalds
Although McDonald's stock has rebounded from its 2003 lows, it has been range bound in the low $30s for the past five years and is significantly off of its high of $48 per share reached in 1999.
$50.00
$40.00
$30.00
$20.00
$10.00 11/12/99
07/12/00
03/12/01
11/10/01
07/11/02
03/11/03
11/09/03
07/09/04
03/09/05
11/07/05
I.
Overview of McDonalds
Over the past five years, McDonalds has only slightly outperformed the S&P 500 while its QSR peer group has vastly outperformed the index.
McDonald's 2.4% S&P 500 (9.6%) QSR Index 177.3%
QSR
MCD S&P
06/01/01
12/21/01
07/12/02
01/31/03
10/01/04
04/22/05
11/11/05
McDonald's
________________________________________________ (1) Includes YUM and WEN.
I.
Overview of McDonalds
Despite McDonalds strong real estate assets, number one QSR market position and leading brand, McDonalds trades at a discount to its peers. We believe this discount is due to a fundamental misconception about McDonalds business.
EV / 06E EBITDA
10.0x 9.5x 9.0x 8.5x 8.0x 7.5x 30-Day Average Trailing
(1)
W EN
YUM
P / 06E EPS
2 5 .0 x 2 0 .4 x 2 0 .0 x 1 5 .6 x 1 5 .0 x 1 0 .0 x 5 .0 x 0 .0 x 3 0 -D a y A v e ra g e T ra ilin g
(1 )
1 6 .7 x
W EN
YUM
9%
12%
12%
II.
Franchisees
Franchise Fee: 4% of restaurant sales Rent: greater of a minimum rent or a percentage of restaurant sales (current avg. ~9% of sales) Franchisee bears all maintenance capital costs
(1)
Illustrative return based on Pershings assumptions for the cost of land and building and approximate average unit sales in 2004. 12
II.
McOpCo
Landlord
McDonalds controls substantially all of its systemwide real estate Estimated 11,700 restaurants where McDonalds owns both the land and buildings and 7,000 restaurants where McDonalds owns only the buildings (1) Estimated $1.3 billion of income generated from subleases Estimated real estate value: $46 billion or ~94% of current Enterprise Value (2)
________________________________________________
Franchisor
Approximately 32,000 restaurants where McDonalds receives 4% of unit sales
Restaurant Operator
Approximately 9,000 Companyoperated restaurants
Reported financials have overstated margins due to a lack of transfer pricing Currently not charged a franchise fee Currently not charged a market rent
(1) (2)
Assumes that McDonalds owns the land and buildings of 37% of its system wide units and owns the buildings of 22% of its system wide units. Valuation based on Pershing estimates. See page 64 for more detail on real estate valuation. 13
II.
McOpCo
Landlord
Maintenance Capital Requirements: Risk Profile Minimal Triple net leases Very Stable / Minimal Risk Generates the greater of a minimum rent or a % of sales (current average ~ 9%) 70%90% Margins Some real estate development expenses Minimal: 5.75%-6.5% Real estate holding companies typical asset beta: ~.40 Hard asset collateral Low
Franchisor
High
Restaurants
Significant maintenance capex Medium Risk High operating leverage Sensitivity to food costs 7%10% Margins (1) High food, paper and labor costs Rent Franchise fee Medium: 8%-9% Mature QSR typical asset beta: ~.80-.90
Limited remodel subsidies as well as corporate capex Stable / Low Risk Low operating leverage Diverse and global customer base 30%50% Margins
________________________________________________
Low: 6.5%-7.5% Choice Hotels, Coke and Pepsi typical asset beta: ~.50-.60 Highly leveragable
(1) (2)
Typical margins are illustrative restaurant EBITDA margins and assume the payment of a market rent and franchisee fee, similar to a franchisee. Typical betas are Pershing approximations based on selected companies Barra predictive betas. Average cost of capital estimates are illustrative estimates based on average asset betas. 14
II.
In 2004, McDonalds company-operated restaurants appeared to contribute 46% of total EBITDA. However, once adjusted for a franchise fee and a market rent fee, McOpCo constituted only 22% of total EBITDA, with the higher multiple Real Estate and Franchise businesses contributing 78% of total EBITDA.
2004 Total EBITDA Adjusted for Market Rent and Franchise Fees
46% 54%
McOpCo
22%
McOpCo
55%
78%
Real Estate and Franchise
2004 EBITDA $2.4bn 2.8bn $5.2bn % 46% 54% 100%
________________________________________________
Note: The analysis assumes that 75% of the total G&A is allocated to the Real Estate and Franchise business and 25% is allocated to McOpCo. McDonalds management has indicated this is a conservative assumption regarding the Real Estate and Franchise business. Analysis excludes $441 mm of non-recurring other net operating expenses. . 15
II.
Once adjusted for market rent and franchise fees, McOpCo would be contributing only 14% of total EBITDA-Maintenance Capex, with the Real Estate and Franchise business contributing 86% of total EBITDA-Maintenance Capex ,based on FY 2005E projections.
2005E Total EBITDA Capex As Reported
Real Estate and Franchise McOpCo
2005E Total EBITDA Capex Adjusted for Market Rent and Franchise Fees
Real Estate and Franchise McOpCo
14%
53%
47% 86%
'05 EBITDAMaint. Capex $1.9bn 2.2bn $4.1bn '05 EBITDAMaint. Capex $0.6bn 3.5bn $4.1bn
________________________________________________
The analysis assumes that 75% of the total G&A is allocated to the Real Estate and Franchise business and 25% is allocated to McOpCo. McDonalds management has indicated this is a conservative assumption regarding the real estate and franchise business. In addition, we note that 2005E maintenance capex includes certain one-time capital expenditures related to systemwide remodeling program. Please see appendix for full reconciliation .
16
II.
Set forth below is a table which reconciles McOpCos, the Real Estate and Franchise businesses and stand-alone McDonalds FY 2004A income statements, assuming McOpCo pays a market rent and franchise fee. The analysis demonstrates that the Real Estate and Franchise business contributed approximately 78% of total EBITDA.
(U.S. $ in millions) 2004 Income Statement Sales by Company Operated Restaurants Rent from Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Rent From Company Operated Rest. Franchise Fees From Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Franchise Fees From Company Operated Rest. Total Revenue Company Operated Expenses: Food and Paper Compensation & Benefits Non-Rent Occupancy and Other Expenses (excl. D&A) Company Operated D&A Company-Operated Rent Expense Additional Rent Payable to PropCo Franchise Fee Payable to FranCo Total Company Operated Expenses Franchised Restaurant Occupancy Costs Franchise PPE D&A Corporate G&A EBIT Depreciation & Amortization EBITDA % of Total EBITDA
________________________________________________
Real Estate and Franchise P&L 3,336 1,280 1,505 569 $6,690 347 583 $930 576 427 1,485 3,272 774 $4,046 78%
Inter-Company Eliminations
2004 Consolidated Sum of Parts $14,224 3,336 1,505 $19,065 4,853 3,726 2,164 774 583 $12,100 576 427 1,980 3,982 1,201 $5,183 100%
$14,224 3,336 1,505 $19,065 4,853 3,726 2,164 774 583 $12,100 576 427 1,980 3,982 1,201 $5,183 100%
$14,224 4,853 3,726 2,164 427 583 697 569 $13,019 495 710 427 $1,137 22%
$0
The analysis assumes that 75% of the total G&A is allocated to the Real Estate and Franchise business and 25% is allocated to McOpCo. McDonalds management has indicated this is a conservative assumption regarding the real estate and franchise business. Note: Analysis excludes $441 mm of non-recurring other net operating expenses. 17
II.
Assuming 75% of G&A is allocated to the Real Estate and Franchise business, an allocation that McDonalds management indicates is conservative, we indicate below the EBITDA for McOpCo and the Real Estate and Franchise businesses, as depicted in the reported financials. We note that McOpCo has historically appeared to contribute approximately ~45% of consolidated EBITDA.
McDonalds Consolidated EBITDA
($ in millions)
$6.0 $5.0 $4.0 $3.0 $2.0 $1.0 $0.0
$5,183 $4,144 $1,995 $4,041 $1,893 $3,997 $1,841 $4,512 $2,072 $2,403
McOpCo
~45%
$2,780
$2,149 2000
$2,148 2001
$2,156 2002
Real Estate and Franchise McOpCo
$2,440
~55%
2003 2004
________________________________________________
Assumes McOpCo G&A to be 25% of consolidated G&A and Real Estate and Franchise G&A to be 75% of consolidated G&A. Management has indicated this is a conservative assumption regarding the Real Estate and Franchise business.
18
II.
Historical EBITDA by Business Type: Adjusted for a Market Rent and Franchise Fee
Despite an economic recession in 2001-2003, significant dips in McDonalds system wide samestore sales growth and declines in McDonalds stock prices, the Real Estate and Franchise business has grown every year over the last five years.
McDonalds Consolidated EBITDA ($ in millions)
$6.000 $5.000 $4.000 $3.000 $2.000 $1.000 $0.000 Real Estate and Franchise McOpCo
$4,144 $1,006
$3,138
$3,142
$3,169
$3,568
$4,046
2000
Samestore sales McOpCo Growth 0.6% (1.1%)
2001
2002
2003
2004
Notes: Assumes McOpCo G&A to be 25% of consolidated G&A and Real Estate and Franchise G&A to be 75% of consolidated G&A. Assumes McOpCo pays franchise fees of 4% of sales and rent of 9% of sales. 19
II.
$0.7 $2.1
$0.7 $2.5
$0.8
$0.8
$1.0
$1.0
$1.0
$0.9
$0.8
$0.9
$1.1
McOpCo
$2.6
$2.7
$2.9
$3.2
$3.1
$3.1
$3.2
$3.6
$4.0
1994
17.0%
1995
14.1%
1996
3.6%
1997
6.3%
1998
18.0%
1999
5.1%
2000
(1.1%)
2001
(10.6%)
2002
(7.9%)
2003
14.0%
2004
20.4%
McOpCo EBITDA Growth Real Estate & Franchise EBITDA Growth: Change in Year-End Stock Price: (15.6%)
4.9%
11.7%
8.5%
10.4%
15.3%
4.0%
4.3%
10.1%
7.4%
(0.5%)
0.1%
0.9%
12.6%
13.4%
30.5%
28.3%
16.9%
2.6%
54.3%
0.6%
5.2%
60.9%
5.0%
(15.7%)
(22.1%)
(39.3%)
54.4%
29.1%
________________________________________________
Notes: Assumes McOpCo G&A to be 25% of consolidated G&A and Real Estate and Franchise G&A to be 75% of consolidated G&A. Assumes McOpCo pays franchise fees of 4% of sales and rent of 9% of sales. 20
II.
McDonalds did not historically operate restaurants The Company initially entered the business of operating restaurants only as a defensive measure
Limited number of restaurants The idea emerged that we should operate a base of ten or so stores as a company. This would give us a firm base of income in the event the McDonald brothers claimed default on our contract (1) --Ray Kroc / Founder
Turner realized in the mid 70s that owning too many McOpCo units was not in the best interest of the Company
________________________________________________
(1) (2)
From Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonalds, p. 108. From McDonalds: Behind the Golden Arches, pgs. 288 - 291.
21
II.
Running a McDonalds is a 363-day-a-year business and an owner/operator, with his personal interests and incentives, can inherently do a better job than a chain manager. (1)
--Fred Turner / Former President and CEO
Illustrative Characteristics of Company Operated versus Franchisee Operated Restaurants (2)
Company Operated
Structure Taxes Leverage Levered Returns General manager
________________________________________________
Franchisee Operated
C-Corporation Corporate level tax 10% - 30% Low teens Salaried employee/ corporate manager
22
LLC / Partnership No corporate level tax 75% - 90% 40% and higher Owner / Entrepreneur
(1) (2)
From McDonalds: Behind the Golden Arches, pgs. 288 - 291. Illustrative leverage and equity return figures. Not based on company data.
Step 1: IPO of 65% McOpCo IPO 65% of McOpCo IPO generates estimated $3.27bn of after tax proceeds Assumes a 7x EV/FY06E EBITDA multiple Assumes $1.35 bn of Net Debt allocated to McOpCo
Step 2: Issue Debt and Pursue Leveraged Self Tender Issue $14.7bn of financing secured against PF McDonalds real estate Debt financing and IPO proceeds used to Refinance all of the existing $5 bn of net debt at Pro Forma McDonalds Repurchase 316mm shares at $40 per share Pay $300mm in fees and transaction costs
24
Pro Forma
IPO 65%
McOpCo
At the time of IPO, McOpCo signs market lease and franchise agreements with Pro Forma McDonalds (PF McDonalds)
PropCo
FranCo
Resulting Pro Forma McDonalds is a world-class real estate and franchise business McOpCo financials deconsolidated from PF McDonalds Leverage is placed only on PropCo FranCo is unlevered, maximizing its credit rating
25
An IPO of McOpCo would have several positive strategic and financial implications for both Pro Forma McDonalds as well as McOpCo.
Improves operating and financial metrics at every level Significantly improves PF McDonalds EBITDA and free cash flow margins Enhances return on capital and overall capital allocation for the PF McDonalds Improves ability of PF McDonalds to pay significant ongoing dividends
Typical Standalone
$ in millions
Mature QSR
FY 2006E
Revenue EBITDA EBITDA Margin EBITDA-Capex EBITDA-Capex Margin EBITDA-Maintenance Capex EBITDA - Maint. Capex Margin FCF FCF Margin
________________________________________________
15% - 20%
(1)
5% - 10%
We note that CapEx projections are net of proceeds obtained from store closures. (1) Typical QSR margin based on Wall Street estimates for YUM! Brands and Wendys.
An IPO of McOpCo would have several positive strategic and financial implications for both Pro Forma McDonalds as well as McOpCo.
Improves capital structure while maintaining investment grade credit rating Low-cost secured debt to replace current debt or issued incrementally on current structure Cheap CMBS structured financing issued at PropCo could judiciously utilize strong real estate collateral CMBS financing is non-recourse to McDonalds (parent) FranCo remains unlevered and is at least a AA credit PF McDonalds, the holding company, remains investment grade Improves alignment with franchisees
(1)
An IPO of McOpCo would have several positive strategic and financial implications for both McDonalds as well as McOpCo.
Allows for an accelerated McOpCo refranchising program Increases overall size of PF McDonalds investor base
Strong potential to attract both dividend / income-focused investors and real estate-focused investors
29
PF McDonalds operating metrics are much closer to a typical Real Estate C-Corporation or a high branded intellectual property business such as PepsiCo or Coca-Cola than they are a typical mature QSR.
Pro Forma Typical Mature (1) QSR
~15% - 20% ~7.5 % - 12.5% ~10% - 12%
2005E Operating Metrics: EBITDA Margins EBITDA CapEx Margins EPS Growth Trading Multiples Adjusted Enterprise Value CY 2006E EBITDA CY 2006E EBITDA CapEx Price / CY 2006E EPS CY 2006E FCF
(3) (2)
60% 50% 9%
/ ~8.5x - 9.5x ~12x - 15x ~13x - 16x ~17x - 20x 15.1x 16.0x 12.3x 15.5x 12.6x 14.2x
NA ~20x - 25x
24.3x 24.0x
20.1x 20.8x
18.8x 18.9x
1.7x 11%
0.0x 4%
NM 4%
Stock prices as of 11/11/05. Projections based on Wall Street estimates. (1) Typical mature QSR based on YUM! Brands and Wendys. (2) Adjusted for unconsolidated assets. (3) FCF denotes Net Income plus D&A less CapEx.
30
We believe REITs trade in the range of 13x-17x EV/06E EBITDA, depending on the type of real estate and the businesses the properties support.
EV / '06E Company Health Care Industrial Multifamily Office Regional Mall Self Storage Strip Center Triple Net Lease REIT Industry Total / Wtd. Avg. EBITDA 14.7x 16.3x 17.0x 15.2x 16.3x 17.5x 15.5x 13.1x 15.7x
Div. Yield 6.3% 4.2% 4.8% 4.7% 3.8% 3.8% 4.5% 6.4% 4.8%
P / '06E FFO 12.6x 13.9x 16.6x 13.8x 14.2x 16.7x 14.4x 12.8x 14.4x
P / '06E AFFO 13.3x 17.2x 19.4x 19.6x 16.9x 18.3x 16.5x 13.4x 16.8x
________________________________________________ Based on Wall Street research estimates at the time of Pershings initial Proposal to the Company.
31
$ in millions
Based on relevant publicly traded comparable companies, including several real estate holding CCorporations, Pro Forma McDonalds would trade in the range of 12.5x 13.5x EV/CY 06E EBITDA. We believe PF McDonalds would trade at a 37%52% premium over where it trades today.
EV/'06E EBITDA Multiple Range Enterprise Value Less: Net Debt (12/31/05E) Equity Value Ending Shares Outstanding (12/31/05E) (3) Price Per Share Premium to recent price (4)
Implied P/FY 2006 EPS Multiple
19.8x
5.1%
21.9x
4.6%
________________________________________________ (1) Assumes $1.35 bn of net debt allocated (2) (3) (4) (5)
to McOpCo and $5.0 bn of net debt allocated to PF McDonalds. In addition, assumes $9.7 bn of incremental leverage placed on PF McDonalds. Represents 35% of the market equity value of McOpCo. Assumes incremental leverage and the after-tax proceeds from McOpCo IPO (net of fees and expenses) are used to buy back approximately 316 mm shares at an average price of $40. Assumes a recent stock price of $33. P / FY 06E FCF multiple adjusted for Pro Forma McDonalds 35% stake in McOpCo.
32
McOpCo would likely be valued at $6.0 billion to $7.1 billion of equity market value or 6.5x7.5x EV/06E EBITDA.
________________________________________________ (1)
The valuation of PF McDonalds suggests a valuation range of $45$50 per share. Based on the midpoint of the valuation analysis, PF McDonalds could be worth $47.50 per share, a 44% premium over where it trades today.
PF McDonald's Valuation
Low 12.5x $55,799
(1) (2)
EV/'06E EBITDA Multiple Range Enterprise Value Less: Net Debt (12/31/05E) Equity Value Ending Shares Outstanding (12/31/05E) Price Per Share Premium to recent price (4)
Implied P/FY 2006 EPS Multiple
(3)
(5)
19.8x
5.1%
21.9x
4.6%
Memo:Share Buyback: Incremental Debt Issued Less Transaction Fees and Expenses (6) Approximate Cash Received From IPO, after Tax Total Funds Available for Repurchase # of shares repurchased (mm) Average price of stock purchased
________________________________________________ (1)
(2) (3)
Assumes $1.35 billion of net debt allocated to McOpCo and $5.0 billion of net debt allocated to PF McDonalds. In addition, assumes $9.7 billion of incremental leverage placed on PF McDonalds. Represents 35% of the market equity value of McOpCo. Assumes incremental leverage and the after-tax proceeds from McOpCo IPO (net of fees and expenses) are used to buy back approximately shares 316 million shares at an average price of $40. Assumes a recent stock price of $33. P / FY 06E FCF multiple adjusted for Pro Forma McDonalds 35% stake in McOpCo. Fees and expenses associated with the IPO and financing transactions. 34
Set forth below are the sources and uses of proceeds associated with a $14.7 bn issuance of secured collateralized financing (net of cash on hand), or an incremental $9.7 of net debt, based on expected net debt as of FY 2005E. We have assumed a 5% fixed rate for this collateralized financing. After this transaction, Pro Forma McDonalds would be leveraged approximately 3.5x Total Debt/EBITDA or at a 25% Debt to Enterprise Value ratio. Proceeds from this issuance would be used to repay existing debt, buyback shares and pay financing fees and expenses.
$ in millions
Sources
New CMBS Financing (net of cash) Percentage Loan to Value Total $14,650 44% $14,650
FY2005E $6,315 (1,350) $4,965 9,685 $14,650 3.5x 3.4x Investment Grade
24.5%
Uses
Repay Existing Net Debt at PF McDonald's Buyback Shares Fees and Expenses Total $4,965 9,535 150 $14,650
35
Comparing PF McDonalds Credit Stats with Comparable Real Estate Holding C-Corporations
10.2x
Brookfield Properties
British Land
Land Securities
Pro Forma
Debt / Enterprise Value
100% 75% 50% 25% 0% Brookfield Properties British Land Land Securities Forest City Enterprises 25% 48% 56% 35% 59%
Pro Forma
EBITDA/Interest: Rating:
________________________________________________ (1) (2)
5.8x (2)
2.3x BBB
36
1.5x BBB
2.5x NR
NA BB+
Based on Wall Street research estimates. Pro Forma McDonalds EV assumes a valuation multiple of 13x EV/FY06 EBITDA. Assumes an average 5% fixed rate on PF McDonalds debt.
A review of large REITs indicates that these businesses support investment grade ratings with a debt to enterprise value of 36% on average, as compared to Pro Forma McDonalds which would have a debt to enterprise value of 25%.
Company Name Simon Property Group Inc. Equity Office Properties Trust Vornado Realty Trust Equity Residential Prologis Archstone-Smith Trust Boston Properties Inc. Kimco Realty Corp. AvalonBay Communities Inc.
Total Debt/ Enterprise Value 47.2% 50.9% 37.4% 38.4% 31.5% 33.5% 36.0% 25.2% 27.3%
Moody's Rating Baa2 Baa3 Baa3 Baa1 Baa1 Baa1 NR Baa1 Baa1
Moody's Outlook Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable NR Stable Stable
S&P Rating BBB+ BBB+ BBB+ BBB+ BBB+ BBB+ BBB+ ABBB+
S&P Outlook Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable Stable
________________________________________________
Notes: Stock prices as of 11/11/2005. PF McDonalds EV assumes a valuation multiple of 13x EV/FY06 EBITDA. Total Debt includes Preferred.
37
Despite being a C-Corp and lacking the tax advantages of a REIT, PF McDonalds has several superior credit characteristics REITs are required to pay 90% of earnings through dividends, whereas Pro Forma McDonalds has much more credit flexibility PF McDonalds has significant brand value to support its cash flows and overall credit
38
McDonalds asked its Advisors to help review the Proposal Goal was to review the proposal to assess 4 critical areas:
Advisors reported back with judgments on (1) Valuation (2) Credit Impact McDonalds Management reviewed the Proposal to assess (3) Friction Costs (4) Governance / Alignment Issues
40
Friction Costs
Some friction costs associated with the CMBS financing structure, but not a gating issue
Credit Impact
Incremental $9bn of leverage as proposed may put pressure on credit rating
Alignment Issues
Separation of McOpCo from PF McDonalds may cause alignment issues in the system
Potential property tax revaluations Legal costs Large transaction for CMBS market Mostly driven by CMBS financing
McDonalds management stated that, assuming adequate value creation, none of these issues would prevent a restructuring
41
Advisors were assigned to review the Proposal In general, Advisors agreed with Pershing on: McOpCo valuation Relative allocation of EBITDA between McOpCo and PF McDonalds However, their judgment was that PF McDonalds would not enjoy significant multiple expansion
42
V.
Friction Costs Friction costs immaterial in the context of value creation Friction costs and transaction delays were driven by CMBS financing Similar transaction could be effected with corporate debt
Credit Impact Stability of PF McDonalds cash flow stream and robust asset base should allow it to incur additional debt without a material adverse change in rating YUMs credit rating is BBB-
44
V.
Franchisor/Franchisee Conflict
Top Line (percent of sales) vs. Bottom Line
Some believe this conflict is mitigated by owning and operating units However, many of the most successful franchisors operate few, if any, units
Historical McDonalds Subway Dunkin Donuts Tim Hortons
McDonalds current skin in the game is overstated due to lack of transfer pricing
We believe McOpCo represents ~10% of McDonalds total value
PF McDonalds role as landlord, franchisor, 35% shareholder and board member, leaves them with ample skin in the game
45
V.
Level the playing field: McOpCo should compete on the same basis as franchisees
Pay market rent and franchise fees Be focused on bottom-line profitability Be run by equity compensated management
46
V.
Although there are some differences in opinion regarding friction costs, leverage and potential alignment issues, the key disparity between Pershing and the Companys views was regarding the Valuation of Pro Forma McDonalds
47
V.
V.
Comparable Companies
PF McDonalds operating metrics are much closer to a typical Real Estate C-Corporation or a high branded intellectual property business such as PepsiCo or Coca-Cola than they are a typical QSR.
Assumes PF McDonalds price of ~$47.50
2005E Operating Metrics: EBITDA Margins EBITDA CapEx Margins EPS Growth Trading Multiples Adjusted Enterprise Value (2) / CY 2006E EBITDA CY 2006E EBITDA CapEx Price / CY 2006E EPS CY 2006E FCF
(3)
Pro Forma
60% 50% 9%
13.0x 15.5x
15.1x 16.0x
12.3x 15.5x
12.6x 14.2x
21.1x 20.9x
NA ~20x - 25x
24.3x 24.0x
20.1x 20.8x
18.8x 18.9x
3.4x 24%
1.7x 11%
0.0x 4%
NM 4%
Stock prices as of 11/11/05. Projections based on Wall Street estimates. (1) Typical mature QSR based on YUM! Brands and Wendys. (2) Adjusted for unconsolidated assets. (3) FCF denotes Net Income plus D&A less CapEx.
49
V.
Significant Free Cash Flow Yield / Dividend Yield Assuming No Incremental Debt
At McDonalds current price of approximately $33 per share, we estimate Pro Forma McDonalds dividend / FCF yield would be approximately 6.7%. (1)
McDonald's Stock Price McOpCo Share Price (7x EV / EBITDA Multiple) Implied Pro Forma McDonald's Share Price Yield on Pro Forma McDonald's
Memo: Pro Forma McDonald's Free Cash Flow 2006E EBITDA Less: Maintenance Capital Expenditures Less: Growth Capital Expenditures Plus / Less: Decreases / (Increases) in Working Capital Less: Interest (1) Less: Cash Taxes Free Cash Flow PFMcDonald's Shares Out (assuming no self-tender) Free Cash Flow per Share
________________________________________________ (1)
Assuming PF McDonalds pays out 100% of its FCF as dividends. (2) Assumes no incremental leverage and an average cost of debt of 5% on the existing $5 bn of net debt at Pro Forma McDonalds.
50
V.
Pershing believes the best way to think about Pro Forma McDonalds is as a growing annuity.
Real Estate and Franchise EBITDA ($ in billions) Based on Pershing Assumptions
$4.0
$3.0
$2.0
$1.0
$1.5
$0.0
$1.6
$1.8
$1.9
$2.1
$2.5
$2.6
$2.7
$2.9
$3.2
$3.1
$3.1
$3.2
$3.6
$4.0
1990
Real Estate & Franchise EBITDA Growth:
________________________________________________
1991
4.9%
1992
11.7%
1993
8.5%
1994
10.4%
1995
15.3%
1996
4.0%
1997
4.3%
1998
10.1%
1999
7.4%
2000
(0.5%)
2001
0.1%
2002
0.9%
2003
12.6%
2004
13.4%
Notes: Assumes McOpCo G&A to be 25% of consolidated G&A and Real Estate and Franchise G&A to be 75% of consolidated G&A. Assumes McOpCo pays franchise fees of 4% of sales and rent of 9% of sales. 51
V.
Which Would You Rather Own: Pro Forma McDonalds or a Large Retail REIT?
McDonald's Stock Price McOpCo Stock Price PF McDonald's Stock Price Scenario 1: No Sharebuyback No Incremental Leverage Pre-Tax Yield (2) After-Tax Investor Yield (3) Estimated LT Dividend Growth
Note: Assumes a 7x EV / FY 06E EBITDA multiple on McOpCo. (1) Retail / REIT dividend yield based on Simon Property Group. Illustrative LT Dividend growth based on Pershings estimates. (2) Assumes full payout of free cash flows for PF McDonalds. (3) Assumes 15% tax rate on PF McDonalds dividend and a 35% tax rate on the REIT dividend. (4) Scenario 2 Pre-Tax and After-Tax Yields are adjusted for a 35% stake in McOpCo.
52
V.
Which Would You Rather Own: Pro Forma McDonalds or 10-Year U.S. Treasury?
McDonald's Stock Price McOpCo Stock Price PF McDonald's Stock Price Scenario 1: No Sharebuyback No Incremental Leverage Pre-Tax Yield
(1)
Note: Assumes a 7x EV / FY 06E EBITDA multiple on McOpCo. (1) Assumes full payout of free cash flows for PF McDonalds. (2) Assumes 15% tax rate on PF McDonalds dividend and a 35% tax rate on the 10-Year Treasury dividend. (3) Scenario 2 Pre-Tax and After-Tax Yields are adjusted for a 35% stake in McOpCo.
53
V.
Which Would You Rather Own: Pro Forma McDonalds or a Treasury Inflation Protected Security (TIPS)?
McDonald's Stock Price McOpCo Stock Price PF McDonald's Stock Price Scenario 1: No Sharebuyback No Incremental Leverage Pre-Tax Yield (1) After-Tax Investor Yield (2) Estimated LT Dividend Growth
Note: Assumes a 7x EV / FY 06E EBITDA multiple on McOpCo. (1) Assumes full payout of free cash flows for PF McDonalds. (2) Assumes 15% tax rate on PF McDonalds dividend and a 35% tax rate on the TIPS dividend. (3) Scenario 2 Pre-Tax and After-Tax Yields are adjusted for a 35% stake in McOpCo.
54
V.
Based on a review of the cost of capital of Real Estate holding corporations and Intangible Property / Franchise businesses like Coca Cola and Choice Hotels, we believe that Pro Forma McDonalds levered FCF could have a discount rate in the area 7.25% - 7.75%. As such, we believe PF McDonalds would have a FCF Yield of 4.25% - 5.25%. This implies a midpoint equity valuation range of $48 per share.
Estimated Discount Rate Implied Perpetuity Growth Rate Implied FCF Yield Implied FCF Multiple FY'06E Free Cash Flow per Share (1) (Note: FCF Assumes Proposal Scenario)
Assumes no dividend paid in FCF calculation. Includes the value of PF McDonalds 35% equity stake in McOpCo (approx. $2 per share). Assumes a 7x EV / FY 06E EBITDA McOpCo valuation multiple.
55
V.
Conclusions
McDonalds is significantly undervalued today Over 80% of its cash flows comes from real estate income and franchise income Proposal creates value for several reasons Increases shareholder value Improves management focus Increases transparency Improves capital allocation Improves franchise alignment There are multiple ways to unlock value Pershings Initial Proposal Variations on Pershings Initial Proposal
56
V.
Next Steps
Engage constituents regarding proposal Shareholders Franchisees Broad investment community Incorporate your feedback Consider revised proposal
57
V.
Q&A
58
Appendix
Pershing has assumed the following structural and tax assumptions with respect to an IPO spin-off of McOpCo.
65% of McOpCo shares are IPOed in the transaction 35% stake retained by PF McDonalds allows for McOpCos business to be deconsolidated McOpCo is assumed to be essentially a debt free subsidiary Immediately prior to the IPO, $1.35bn of McDonalds consolidated FY 05E net debt is allocated to McOpCo $1.5 billion of total debt allocated $150mm of cash and cash equivalents allocated The remaining $5bn of FY 05E net debt is allocated to PF McDonalds $5.15bn of total debt $150mm of cash and cash equivalents McOpCos tax basis is assumed to be approximately $1.65 billion Tax basis is equal to $3 billion of initial assumed basis (based on an assessment of net equipment and other property at McDonalds) less $1.35 billion of allocated net debt To the extent that the IPO distribution exceeds PF McDonalds tax basis in McOpCo, then the tax cost for the IPO would be the amount by which the IPO distribution exceeds McDonald's basis multiplied by McDonalds corporate and state/local tax rate
61
Pro Forma
PF McDonalds performs a leveraged self-tender $4.2 bn cash received
$4.2bn Note
McOpCo
McDonalds retains 35% stake
McOpCo
PropCo
Issues CMBS financing, or $9.7bn of incremental debt
FranCo
No debt at FranCo
McOpCo declares and pays a dividend to McDonalds (parent) in the form of a Note in an amount equal to the anticipated proceeds from an initial public offering of McOpCo For illustrative purposes, we assume the Note is for $4.2bn, or 65% of the equity market value of McOpCo (assumed to be $6.5bn)
McOpCo undertakes the IPO and uses the proceeds to repay the dividend note. The tax cost for the IPO would be the amount by which the IPO distribution exceeded McDonald's basis in the McOpCo stock multiplied by McDonalds corporate and state/local tax rate Assuming a $4.2bn of IPO distribution, the tax cost would be approximately $1bn Tax cost equals $4.2 billion of distribution less $1.65 billion of basis multiplied by the tax rate of 38% As such, after tax proceeds of the McOpCo IPO will be approximately $3.2 billion
62
PF McDonalds is organized as a real estate business (PropCo) and a franchise business (FranCo) PropCo issues secured financing with proceeds used for Repaying existing debt at PF McDonalds Buying back shares PF McDonalds performs a self tender using proceeds from: New CMBS financings After tax proceeds of IPO
Book Basis of McOpCo Net Debt Allocated to McOpCo Adjusted Basis in McOpCo
Collateralized Financing
Assuming PF McDonalds owns the land and building of 37% of its system wide units and owns the buildings of 22% of its system wide units, then a preliminary valuation of McDonalds real estate suggests a value of $33 billion.
Avg. Annual Rev. Per Unit Est. Market Rent % Est. Market Rent $ Est. # of Units Est. Rent Income Cap Rate Total Real Estate Value
$ in million
Property Value Owns Land and Building Owns Building (Leases Land)
1.75 1.75
9.0% 4.5%
0.16 0.08
11,709 6,962
7.0% 8.0%
$ in million
Est. # of Units
Cap Rate
0.10
12,975
10.0%
64
We estimated the asset betas of several Real Estate holding C-Corporations and several high branded intellectual property businesses.
High Branded Intangible Property Business Betas (Dollar values in millions)
Adjusted Equity Beta 0.49 0.46 0.86 0.60 0.49 Cost of Equity 7.3% 7.2% 9.3% 7.9% 7.3% Equity Value $101,776.1 99,498.9 2,285.7 $67,853.6 99,498.9 Total Debt $4,200.0 4,607.0 296.7 $3,034.6 4,200.0 Preferred Stock 41.0 $13.7 Marginal Tax Rate 38.0% 38.0% 38.0% 38.0% 38.0% Unlevered Beta 0.48 0.45 0.79 0.57 0.48 Total Debt & Preferred / TEV 4.2% 4.7% 11.7% 6.8% 4.7%
Company Coca Cola Co. Pepsico Inc. Choice Hotels Mean Median
Company British Land Brookfield Properties Forest City Enterprises Land Securities Mean Median
Note: Market information as of 11/10/05. Utilized treasury stock method. Sources: Barra, company reports, Factset, and Wall Street Equity research.
65
Based on a blended asset beta calculation we determined a range of values for the WACC of PF McDonalds.
Blended Asset Beta Calculation
Asset Beta Average Real Estate Unlevered Asset Beta
Main Target Assumptions PreTax Cost of Debt Risk-Free Rate Equity Risk Premium Tax Rate WACC Calculation Unlevered Asset Beta Releverd Beta Levered Cost of Equity Equity Weight AfterTax Cost of Debt Target Debt & Pref. / TEV Implied Debt / Equity WACC
Asset Beta Average High Branded Intellectual Property Unlevered Asset Beta 0.57
0.38
WACC Sensitivity Analysis Levered Beta 0.55 6.1% 6.5% 6.9% 7.3%
0.46 0.56 7.4% 75.0% 3.7% 25.0% 33.3% 6.5% Debt / TEV
Note: Market information as of 11/10/05. Utilized treasury stock method. Sources: Barra, company reports, Factset, and Wall Street Equity research.
66
Set forth herein are the assumptions for the Pro Forma McDonalds business.
Net Unit Growth Approximates 1.5% - 2.0% of total franchise system unit growth annually or 1.0% - 1.5% of systemwide unit growth Revenue drivers: Average systemwide same-store sales CAGR of ~2.5% annually Rental revenue from franchisees of 9.0% of franchise & affiliated system sales Rental revenue from McOpCo of 9.0% of McOpCo sales Franchise revenue from franchisees of 4.0% of franchise & affiliated system sales Franchise revenue from McOpCo of 4.0% of McOpCo sales Cost drivers: Franchise rental expense based on a historical % of rental revenue from franchisees McOpCo rental expense based on a historical % of rental revenue from McOpCo D&A calculated assuming a 20-year useful life for existing net depreciable PP&E of approximately $12.5 billion (excluding land), and a 20-year useful life for depreciable PP&E purchased in the future 75% of SG&A allocated to Pro Forma McDonalds Net CapEx drivers: All CapEx is net of proceeds received from store closures $1.3 million of CapEx for each new unit where Pro Forma McDonalds owns the land and the building in 2005 and 2006, growing at an inflationary rate of 2.0% thereafter $650K million of CapEx for each new unit where Pro Forma McDonalds owns the building but not the land in 2005 and 2006, growing at an inflationary rate of 2.0% thereafter Run-rate maintenance CapEx of approximately $320 million, implying approximately $10K per system wide unit, growing at 2% Allocation of 75% of consolidated McDonalds corporate CapEx Consolidated corporate CapEx held constant at 0.7% of sales Other Incremental total debt of $9.7 billion, resulting in total debt of approximately $14.8 billion (net debt of $14.65bn) Free cash used to buy back shares and pay dividends $150 mm minimum cash balance Tax rate of 32% Minimal working capital requirements 25% Debt to Cap ratio increasing to 30% in 2008 Assumes an illustrative 30% dividend payout ratio to match current consolidated McDonalds
68
Set forth below is table which reconciles McOpCos, the Real Estate and Franchise businesses and stand-alone McDonalds FY 2004 income statements, as they are currently reported. The analysis demonstrates how McOpCo is paying neither a market rent nor a franchise fee.
(U.S. $ in millions) 2004 Income Statement Sales by Company Operated Restaurants Rent from Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Franchise Fees From Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Total Revenue Company Operated Expenses: Food and Paper Compensation & Benefits Occupancy and Other Expenses (excl. D&A) Company Operated D&A Total Company Operated Expenses Franchised Restaurant Occupancy Costs Franchise PPE D&A Corporate G&A EBIT Depreciation & Amortization EBITDA % of Total EBITDA
________________________________________________
Real Estate and Franchise P&L 3,336 1,505 $4,841 347 $347 576 427 1,485 2,006 774 $2,780 54%
2004 Consolidated Sum of Parts $14,224 3,336 1,505 $19,065 4,853 3,726 2,747 774 $12,100 576 427 1,980 3,982 1,201 $5,183 100%
$14,224 3,336 1,505 $19,065 4,853 3,726 2,747 774 $12,100 576 427 1,980 3,982 1,201 $5,183 100%
$14,224 4,853 3,726 2,747 427 $11,753 495 1,976 427 $2,403 46%
The analysis assumes that 75% of the total G&A is allocated to the Real Estate and Franchise business and 25% is allocated to McOpCo. To the extent that there should be more G&A allocated to McOpCo, then there would be a greater percentage of total EBITDA at the Real Estate and Franchise business than what is shown here. Note: Analysis excludes $441 mm of non-recurring other net operating expenses. 69
Set forth below is a table which reconciles McOpCos, Pro Forma McDonalds and standalone McDonalds FY 2005E income statements. The analysis demonstrates the flow of rent income, franchise income and rent expense upon separation of the businesses.
(U.S. $ in millions) 2005 Projected Income Statement Sales by Company Operated Restaurants Rent from Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Rent From Company Operated Rest. Franchise Fees From Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Franchise Fees From Company Operated Rest. Total Revenue Company Operated Expenses: Food and Paper Compensation & Benefits Non-Rent Occupancy and Other Expenses (excl. D&A) Company Operated D&A Company-Operated Rent Expense Additional Rent Payable to PropCo Franchise Fee Payable to FranCo Total Company Operated Expenses Franchised Restaurant Occupancy Costs Franchise PPE D&A Corporate G&A EBIT Depreciation & Amortization EBITDA % of Total EBITDA Maintenance Capex EBITDA - Maintenance Capex % of Total EBITDA - Maintenance Capex
________________________________________________ (1)
Pro Forma McDonald's P&L 3,578 1,354 1,590 602 $7,124 214 616 $830 600 499 1,631 3,564 712 $4,277 80% 749 3,528 86%
Inter-Company Eliminations
2005 Consolidated Sum of Parts $15,042 3,578 1,590 $20,211 5,132 3,926 2,400 789 616 $12,863 600 499 2,174 4,075 1,288 $5,362 100% 1,250 4,113 100%
$15,042 3,578 1,590 $20,211 5,132 3,926 2,400 789 616 $12,863 600 499 2,174 4,075 1,288 $5,362 100% 1,250 4,113 100%
$15,042 5,132 3,926 2,400 576 616 737 602 $13,989 544 510 576 $1,086 20% 501 585 14%
$0
Assumes total PF McDonalds D&A of approximately $712 million, which is composed of $499 million (or 70%) of franchise PP&E and $214 million (or 30%) of D&A associated with company-operated units. 70
Set forth below is a table which reconciles McOpCos, Pro Forma McDonalds and standalone McDonalds FY 2006E income statements. The analysis demonstrates the flow of rent income, franchise income and rent expense upon separation of the businesses.
(U.S. $ in millions)
(U.S. $ in millions)
Sales by Company Operated Restaurants Rent from Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Rent From Company Operated Rest. Franchise Fees From Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Franchise Fees From Company Operated Rest. Total Revenue Company Operated Expenses: Food and Paper Compensation & Benefits Non-Rent Occupancy and Other Expenses (excl. D&A) Company Operated D&A Company-Operated Rent Expense Additional Rent Payable to PropCo Franchise Fee Payable to FranCo Total Company Operated Expenses Franchised Restaurant Occupancy Costs Franchise PPE D&A Corporate G&A EBIT Depreciation & Amortization EBITDA from Operations % of Total EBITDA Maintenance Capex EBITDA - Maintenance Capex % of Total EBITDA - Maintenance Capex
________________________________________________ (1) Assumes total PF McDonalds D&A
McOpCo P&L
$15,429 $15,429 5,264 4,012 2,458 587 632 756 617 $14,327 560 542 587 $1,130 20% 504 626 13%
Inter-Company Eliminations
(1,389) (617) ($2,006) (632) (756) (617) ($2,006) $0
of approximately $737 million, which is composed of $516 million (or 70%) of franchise PP&E and $221 million (or 30%) of D&A associated with
71
company-operated units.
Set forth herein is a table which demonstrates net capital expenditures by category for McOpCo, PF McDonalds and the standalone (consolidated) McDonalds. Note: Our Free Cash Flows are derived using Net Capital Expenditures, net of proceeds received from closures. We note that the Company typically generates $300 - $400mm of proceeds annually from closings.
2006E Net Capital Expenditures (U.S. $ in millions) Consolidated McDonald's New Restaurants, Net Existing Restaurants Corporate/Other Net Capital Expenditures $316 787 156 $1,259 McOpCo $30 465 39 $534 Pro Forma McDonald's $286 322 117 $724
72
Below are the summary projections for Pro Forma McDonalds based on the assumptions detailed on page 68.
($ in millions, except per share data) 2002A Income Statement Data Revenue % Growth EBITDA % Margin EBITDA - CapEx % Margin D&A EBIT % Margin Net Interest Expense Equity Income from OpCo Net Income EPS Average Shares Outstanding 35.0% $5,401.0 2003A $6,008.5 11.2% $3,568.2 59.4% 2004A $6,690.0 11.3% $4,046.0 60.5% 4,046.0 60.5% 774.0 $3,272.0 48.9% 2005E $7,124.1 6.5% $4,276.7 60.0% 3,312.7 46.5% 712.3 $3,564.4 50.0% 2006E $7,393.1 3.8% $4,464.0 60.4% 3,739.5 50.6% 736.9 $3,727.0 50.4% (736.6) 107.9 $2,141.4 $2.27 945.4 2007E $7,676.7 3.8% $4,653.4 60.6% 3,909.2 50.9% 768.5 $3,884.9 50.6% (801.5) 121.9 $2,218.6 $2.47 897.8 2008E $7,969.9 3.8% $4,849.3 60.8% 4,085.0 51.3% 794.5 $4,054.8 50.9% (889.7) 137.5 $2,289.8 $2.72 842.8 2009E $8,276.2 3.8% $5,054.9 61.1% 4,258.5 51.5% 821.5 $4,233.4 51.2% (932.5) 151.7 $2,396.3 $2.97 806.4 2010E $8,596.2 3.9% $5,270.8 61.3% 4,440.1 51.7% 849.6 $4,421.2 51.4% (971.8) 162.4 $2,507.9 $3.24 773.3 2011E $8,930.9 3.9% $5,497.5 61.6% 4,630.1 51.8% 878.8 $4,618.6 51.7% (1,012.7) 171.9 $2,623.9 $3.54 741.8 4.1% 9.3% 2006 - 2011 CAGR 3.9%
$3,168.7 58.7%
4.3% 4.4%
$2,492.7 46.2%
$2,827.4 47.1%
4.4%
73
Below are the summary cash flow projections for Pro Forma McDonalds based on the assumptions detailed on page 68.
($ in millions, except per share data) 2002A Cash Flow Data EBITDA less: Cash Taxes less: Cash Interest Expense less: Dividends less: Change in Working Capital less: Growth CapEx less: Maintenance CapEx plus: After-tax Dividends from McOpCo Free Cash Flow (post dividends) Free Cash Flow (pre dividends) FCF per Share (pre dividends) Illustrative Stock Price at 20x LTM FCF 20 Balance Sheet Data Cash Revolver Long-Term Debt Total Debt / Capitalization Total Debt / EBITDA Net Debt / EBITDA 150.0 0.0 $14,800.0 24.5% 3.5x 3.4x 150.0 0.0 14,800.0 26.8% 3.3x 3.3x 150.0 0.0 17,393.4 30.0% 3.7x 3.7x 150.0 0.0 18,331.6 30.0% 3.8x 3.7x 150.0 0.0 19,104.0 30.0% 3.8x 3.7x 150.0 0.0 19,904.5 30.0% 3.8x 3.7x 150.0 0.0 20,740.4 30.0% 3.8x 3.7x 2003A 2004A 2005E 2006E $4,464.0 (956.9) (736.6) (653.2) 6.2 (285.9) (438.6) 0.0 $1,398.9 2,052.1 $2.17 $43.41 2007E $4,653.4 (986.7) (801.5) (676.8) 6.5 (291.6) (452.6) 0.0 $1,450.8 2,127.6 $2.37 $47.40 2008E $4,849.3 (1,012.8) (889.7) (698.5) 6.7 (297.4) (466.9) 0.0 $1,490.7 2,189.2 $2.60 $51.95 2009E $5,054.9 (1,056.3) (932.5) (731.0) 7.0 (314.7) (481.7) 0.0 $1,545.7 2,276.7 $2.82 $56.47 2010E $5,270.8 (1,103.8) (971.8) (765.0) 7.2 (333.5) (497.2) 0.0 $1,606.7 2,371.7 $3.07 $61.34 2011E $5,497.5 (1,153.9) (1,012.7) (800.4) 7.5 (354.0) (513.4) 0.0 $1,670.6 2,471.0 $3.33 $66.63 2006 - 2011 CAGR
8.9%
74
Set forth herein are the assumptions for the McOpCo business.
Net Unit Growth 90 net new owned restaurants in 2005 Net unit growth thereafter only in the franchised system. Assumes 200 new gross units and 200 closed units annually. Revenue drivers: Average same-store sales growthof 2.5% -2.7% annually on a total company basis Average unit sales of $1.6mm on a global basis in FY 2005 Cost drivers: Food and paper costs held constant at 34.1% of sales, based on historicals Payroll and employee costs of 26.1% in 2005, stepping down to 25.5% percent by 2011 Occupancy and other costs (excluding D&A) held constant at 20.5% of sales D&A calculated as 110% of capex in 2006 trailing to approximately 107% of CapEx by 2015 4.0% of sales paid to Pro Forma McDonalds as a franchise fee 25% of consolidated SG&A allocated to McOpCo CapEx drivers: Average maintenance CapEx per unit of approximately $50k in 2005 and 2006, growing at an inflationary rate of 2.0% thereafter Allocation of 25% of consolidated McDonalds corporate CapEx Consolidated corporate CapEx held constant at 0.7% of sales Other No dividends Total Debt of $1.5 billion allocated (Net Debt of $1.35bn) Free cash used to pay down debt and then buy back shares $150 mm minimum cash balance Tax rate of 32% Minimal working capital requirements
76
Set forth below are the summary projections for McOpCo based on the assumptions detailed on page 76.
(U.S. $ in millions) 2004A Income Statement Data Revenue % Growth EBITDA % Margin EBITDA - CapEx % Margin D&A EBIT % Margin Net Interest Expense Net Income EPS Average Shares Outstanding $14,223.8 11.2% $1,136.7 8.0% 1,136.7 8.0% 427.0 $709.7 5.0% 2005E $15,042.4 5.8% $1,085.7 7.2% 562.5 3.7% 575.5 $510.2 3.4% 2006E $15,428.9 2.6% $1,129.6 7.3% 595.6 3.9% 587.4 $542.2 3.5% (90.9) $306.9 $0.24 1,273.7 2007E $15,838.3 2.7% $1,173.3 7.4% 628.1 4.0% 599.6 $573.6 3.6% (68.5) $343.5 $0.27 1,273.7 2008E $16,259.2 2.7% $1,218.5 7.5% 662.0 4.1% 609.3 $609.2 3.7% (43.9) $384.4 $0.30 1,273.7 2009E $16,692.0 2.7% $1,265.4 7.6% 697.3 4.2% 622.0 $643.3 3.9% (17.0) $425.9 $0.33 1,273.7 2010E $17,136.9 2.7% $1,313.9 7.7% 734.0 4.3% 635.0 $678.9 4.0% 0.2 $461.8 $0.37 1,248.1 2011E $17,594.4 2.7% $1,364.2 7.8% 772.2 4.4% 645.2 $718.9 4.1% 3.4 $491.2 $0.41 1,191.9 9.9% 11.3% 2006 - 2011 CAGR 2.7%
3.8% 5.3%
5.8%
77
Set forth below are the summary cash flow projections for McOpCo based on the assumptions detailed on page 76.
2006 - 2011 CAGR
2004A Cash Flow Data EBITDA less: Cash Taxes less: Cash Interest Expense less: Dividends less: Change in Working Capital less: Growth CapEx less: Maintenance CapEx Free Cash Flow (after dividends) Free Cash Flow per share (before dividends) Balance Sheet Data Cash Revolver Long-Term Debt Total Debt / EBITDA Net Debt / EBITDA
2005E
2006E $1,129.6 (145.1) (88.7) 0.0 6.2 (30.0) (504.0) $367.9 $0.29
2007E $1,173.3 (163.9) (61.5) 0.0 6.5 (30.6) (514.5) $409.3 $0.32
2008E $1,218.5 (184.9) (31.4) 0.0 6.7 (31.2) (525.3) $452.5 $0.36
2009E $1,265.4 (203.9) (6.1) 0.0 7.0 (31.8) (536.2) $494.3 $0.39
2010E $1,313.9 (218.3) 3.4 0.0 7.2 (32.5) (547.4) $526.3 $0.44
2011E $1,364.2 (231.1) 3.4 0.0 7.5 (33.1) (558.8) $552.0 $0.49
8.5% 11.1%
78
DISCLAIMER
Pershing Square Capital Management's ("Pershing") analysis and conclusions regarding McDonald's Corporation ("McDonald's or the Company) are based on publicly available information. Pershing recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the Company and its advisors that could lead them to disagree with Pershings conclusions or the approach Pershing is advocating. The analyses provided include certain estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the Company. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Pershing manages funds that are in the business of trading - buying and selling - public securities. It is possible that there will be developments in the future that cause Pershing to change its position regarding the Company and possibly reduce, dispose of, or change the form of its investment in the Company. Pershing recognizes that the Company has a stock market capitalization in excess of $40bn, and that, accordingly, it could be more difficult to exert influence over its Board than has been the case with smaller companies.
2
Agenda
Background of our involvement What are our objectives? Brief review of our Initial Proposal Our Revised Proposal Benefits of our Revised Proposal Company Franchisees Shareholders Q&A
3
September 22, 2005: Pershing Square Capital Management (Pershing) presented a proposal for increasing shareholder value (Initial Proposal) to McDonalds management October 31, 2005: McDonalds management communicated its response to our Initial Proposal
Management believed that our Initial Proposal (1) would result in potential frictional costs; (2) could have an unfavorable credit impact; and (3) could create system issues McDonalds believed, based on its advisors valuation, that there was not enough value creation to outweigh frictional costs and other concerns
November 15, 2005: Pershing presented the Initial Proposal to the investment community
Since November 15, we have had numerous discussions with shareholders and franchisees from around the world
Today we would like to share our Revised Proposal for Creating Significant Value at McDonalds which incorporates feedback from McDonalds management, franchisees and other shareholders
4
Improve McOpCos operating performance Strengthen the McDonalds System Unlock significant shareholder value
We believe our Revised Proposal will:
Achieve these objectives Address all of the Companys concerns regarding our first proposal Increase McDonalds share price to $46-$50 per share (before considering any operational benefits) Minimize execution risk and management distraction
5
Confidential
McOpCo, as a wholly owned subsidiary, is not achieving its full business and financial potential McOpCo does not pay a market rent or a franchise fee, unlike a typical franchisee Adjusting for a market rent and a franchise fee, McOpCo has lower average unit margins than those of an average U.S. franchisee Corporate subsidies in the form of uncharged rent and uncharged franchisee fees have led to McOpCo being run inefficiently over time Uneconomical capital allocation decisions Suboptimal pricing policy
7
McOpCos Estimated Average Unit EBITDA margins versus U.S. Franchisees Estimated Average Unit EBITDA margins(1)
Estimated 4-Wall EBITDA Margins
16% Estimated 4-Wall EBITDA Margin %
14.8% 12.7%
(1)
(2)
12%
8.8%
8%
(1)
4%
0%
Note: See page 57 of the Appendix for Pershings detailed assumptions. 1) Analysis is based on Pershings estimates using 2004 financial data. McDonalds does not provide average unit data for McOpCo or McDonalds franchisees in its public financials. Assumes a market rent of 9% of sales and a franchise fee of 4% of sales. 2) Based on $260k of average EBITDA per franchised store and average revenues per franchised store of approximately $1,760k.
8
No direct equity compensation in McOpCos business No market-based performance measurement system Farm Team mentality whereby the best McOpCo managers are promoted to corporate McDonalds If they dont join corporate McDonalds, they sometimes leave to become a franchisee Top restaurant operators need more incentive to stay at McOpCo
9
McOpCos restaurant portfolio needs to be optimized in order to improve margins and capital allocation
Refranchise select units in mature markets Because of their developed franchise systems, mature markets do not need the same capital or resources as emerging markets e.g., U.S., Canada and U.K.
McOpCo
Capital and freed-up resources from refranchising should be redeployed in fast growing / high return emerging QSR markets Regions where franchise laws are still in infancy and McDonalds franchise base is not yet sufficient to drive growth e.g., China and Russia
Confidential
Pershing spoke with franchisees from around the world. Heres what they told us:
(1) Inherent conflict between McDonalds and the Franchisees: McDonalds Top-line focus versus Franchisees Bottom-line focus
McDonalds makes the bulk of its profits from the franchisees top line However, top line same-store sales growth does not always translate into improving franchisees bottom line Stock market often rewards McDonalds for higher same store sales growth even though the franchisees are sometimes pressured to sacrifice margin for discount pricing
(2) McOpCo, with its subsidized economics, magnifies this conflict
McOpCo does not compete on equal footing because it does not pay a market rent or franchisee fee Suboptimal pricing or capital allocation decisions do not impact McOpCos financials as dramatically as those of franchisees Perception among franchisees is that McOpCo is not held to the same degree of accountability
12
(3) Capital allocation criteria / decision-making process varies between McOpCo and the franchisee community
Low ROIC investments are occasionally forced upon franchisees McOpCo regional managers often make capital investment decisions they will not have to live with, given their status as salaried employees with limited tenure in any one position Made for You program is an example of a historical capital investment decision that may have been amended or prevented by an arm's-length McOpCo Hundreds of millions of dollars of capital invested in a kitchen system that is widely considered inefficient For many franchisees, it has led to decreased profitability, increased wait times and increased staffing requirements Testing at McOpCo did not reveal the true economic impact of the program Made for You problems could have been prevented if the system had the appropriate checks and balances
13
McOpCos subsidized economics reduce the impact of lower margin product pricing decisions As such, approximately 27% (1) of the McDonalds system currently does not price optimally Reduces the profitability of the entire system Underpricing at McOpCo pressures franchisees to sacrifice penny profits for traffic and sales volume
Franchisees generally agreed that control of McOpCo should remain with McDonalds Keeps the franchisee vote democratic and dispersed
________________________________________________
(1):
Based on approximately 8,119 McOpCo restaurants out of 30,516 systemwide McDonalds restaurants, as of 2004.
14
Franchisees have a strong interest in buying McOpCo restaurants Given McDonalds exclusivity requirements for franchisees, the only opportunity for franchisees to materially increase their wealth is to own more McDonalds units A refranchising program would create an attractive incentive system Would allow the top quartile performing operators to be rewarded with an opportunity to increase units McOpCos current portfolio of restaurants needs to be rationalized through refranchising, in order to Increase McOpCos profitability Improve systemwide same-store sales growth Satisfy considerable franchisee demand
15
Confidential
Franchise
Approximately 32,000 restaurants where McDonalds receives 4% of unit sales
17
There are very few businesses in the world with all the attractive business characteristics of
Brand McDonalds
Brand McDonalds Collects a royalty of 13% of systemwide sales Real Estate Franchise
World-leading brand ~ 60% EBITDA Margins (1) Low maintenance capital requirements ~ 55% EBITDA maintenance capex margins (1) Low operating leverage / high earnings stability High ROIC Low cost of capital Valuable fixed asset base 50 year track record Global and diverse customer base
18
________________________________________________
(1) .
Based on Pershings estimates. Assumes McOpCo pays a market rent and franchise fee.
The first step to unlocking shareholder value is to introduce transparent segment financials.
McOpCo does not pay an arm's-length rent or franchise fee to Brand McDonalds As such, reported financials do not make apparent that approximately 80% of McDonalds EBITDA is derived from the higher multiple Brand McDonalds Issuing transparent segment financials for McOpCo and Brand McDonalds would demonstrate True profitability of Brand McDonalds True operating margins and capital requirements at McOpCo
19
In 2004, McDonalds company-operated restaurants appeared to contribute 46% of total EBITDA. However, once adjusted for a franchise fee and a market rent fee, McOpCo constituted only 22% of total EBITDA, with Brand McDonalds contributing 78% of total EBITDA.
2004 Total EBITDA As Reported 2004 Total EBITDA Adjusted for Market Rent and Franchise Fees
46% 54%
McOpCo
22%
McOpCo
55%
78%
Brand McDonald's
2004 EBITDA $2.4bn 2.8bn $5.2bn % 46% 54% 100%
Brand McDonald's
________________________________________________
Note: The analysis assumes that 75% of the total G&A is allocated to Brand McDonalds business and 25% is allocated to McOpCo. McDonalds management has indicated this is a conservative assumption regarding Brand McDonalds. Analysis excludes $441 mm of non-recurring other net operating expenses. . 20
Objective 3: Unlock Shareholder Value at McDonalds (contd) McDonalds is fundamentally Not a restaurant company
McDonalds FY 2005E EBITDA Maintenance CapEx, Adjusted for a Market Rent and Franchise Fee(1)
McOpCo
14%
86%
Brand McDonald's
Confidential
Our Initial Proposal called for Step 1: McOpCo to be organized as an independent entity
Signs arm's-length rent and franchise agreements with McDonalds
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
12/31/05 at consolidated McDonalds of which $1.35 bn of net debt is allocated to McOpCo and $5.0 bn of net debt allocated to Brand McDonalds.
There have been several mischaracterizations of our Initial Proposal which we believe need to be cleared up.
Provide for the sale of any real estate by McDonalds Put franchisees in danger of having a new landlord Involve the creation of a REIT Require a real estate financing to create significant value Hinge on a leveraged share buyback as its primary method of value creation
Our Initial Proposal did:
Assume significant value would be unlocked once McOpCo was IPOed and investors had access to transparent financials for Brand McDonalds, demonstrating that it is fundamentally NOT a restaurant company
25
Frictional Costs
Frictional costs associated with the CMBS financing and taxes due to the 65% McOpCo IPO Concerns regarding a potential new landlord (rent hikes)
Credit Impact
$9.7bn of incremental leverage may put pressure on credit rating
Alignment Issues
Brand risk due to a loss of McOpCo control
Management
Franchisees
McOpCo will compete for new units Fear of preferential treatment of McOpCo
Shareholders
26
Confidential
of 5% of IPO proceeds.
Continued
28
(contd)
in FY2005E. FY2005E dividend payout ratio based on 9/30/2005 Last Twelve Months after-tax free cash flows, calculated as operating cash flows less cash flows from investing activities.
29
Revised Proposal requires no incremental debt to be issued over total debt position as of 9/30/05
Frictional Costs
No CMBS financing
Alignment Issues
Maintain control of McOpCo Retain flexibility
Management
Franchisees
Preserves highly democratic franchisee system McOpCo will be a net seller of units in mature markets
Shareholders
30
Current Issue
McOpCo is not reaching its full business and financial potential
McOpCos management can be compensated based on the market performance of its business McOpCo managerial focus will improve as a result of having greater accountability, increased responsibility, a better performance measuring yardstick via the public markets and more direct incentives
31
Pershing believes that a publicly traded arm's-length McOpCo, which remains controlled by McDonalds, would strengthen the McDonalds System. McOpCo makes optimal pricing, capital allocation and refranchising decisions Arm's-length McOpCos decision-making criteria on product pricing and capital allocation will be substantially similar to that of the franchisee community McOpCo, no longer subsidized by Corporate McDonalds, will review its restaurant portfolio more closely for refranchising rationalization / opportunities Refranchising program would create an incentive system whereby the best operators would be rewarded with an opportunity to own new units Poor performing operators will be motivated to improve performance to earn the right to own more restaurants Franchisees would recognize that the new McOpCo competes on equal footing McOpCo, required to pay arm's-length rent and franchise fees, would face the same economic consequences as franchisees, thus creating a better aligned system Improves fairness and accountability throughout the system
32
Would increase McDonalds credibility in the system and allow it to better understand the true impact of new product introductions
Testing products at arm's-length McOpCo would provide McDonalds with A better understanding of the true economic impact of its new products on the typical owner/operators bottom line More credibility when communicating impact of new products to franchisees Franchisee participation on the McOpCo Board will temper any perception that McOpCo receives preferential treatment from McDonalds 80% ownership of McOpCo would preserve McDonalds skin in the game Bottom-lined focused McOpCo would be influential in endorsing new products
33
given its need to grow its business for the benefit of its new shareholders? Answer: No, quite the opposite. We believe a more likely scenario is the following: McOpCo, no longer supported by corporate subsidies, will price more optimally Refranchising program will remove McOpCo as a competitor in many key markets McOpCos most attractive growth plan is to focus on emerging markets where the franchise base is still in its infancy, such as China and Russia
Question: Under your Revised Proposal, is there any risk that McDonalds real estate will
be sold or that franchisees will experience unexpected rent hikes? Answer: No. We have never endorsed the sale of real estate or the creation of a REIT. We dont believe its the right operational move We are confident management is not inclined to sell the real estate
34
Question: How will this change a franchisees day-to-day interaction with McDonalds
Corporation? Answer: There will be no changes. A franchisees day-to-day interaction with McDonalds will not be affected by the creation of a publicly traded McOpCo. However, the franchisee community may find a strong ally in a publicly traded McOpCo McOpCos management will be able to push back on lower margin / low return new products introduced by Corporate McDonalds McOpCo will improve the check and balance mechanisms in the system Testing at McOpCo on new products will be a better benchmark for how a product will perform throughout the system Many McOpCo stores in the U.S., Canada and U.K. will be up for refranchising Franchisee representation on McOpCos Board will improve McOpCos credibility and communication with the system
35
Question: Would a publicly traded McOpCo hinder the current Farm Team system or
inhibit McDonalds ability to recruit top McOpCo managers to work at Corporate? Answer: No. We believe the creation of a publicly traded McOpCo will actually improve the talent pool at both Brand McDonalds and McOpCo. Offering direct equity compensation in McOpCo will Attract best-in-class operators Improve retention Arms-length, publicly traded McOpCo is better training ground than the current wholly owned McOpCo Better real world business discipline for managers, once corporate subsidies are removed Teaches restaurant operators how to run a public business With 80% ownership, Brand McDonalds will still be able to leverage its deep relationship with McOpCo for recruiting purposes
36
A publicly traded McOpCo would increase financial transparency and would allow investors to appropriately value McDonalds on a sum-of-the-parts basis.
Ability to increase dividends Reduce option dilution at McDonalds through the use of McOpCo currency McOpCo IPO would allow Wall Street analysts and the broad investment community to value McDonalds on a sum-of-the parts basis Investors would focus more on the value of Brand McDonalds
37
Brand McDonalds operating metrics and business characteristics (100% royalty-based revenues, low cost of capital and high earnings stability) are much closer to high branded intellectual property businesses such as PepsiCo, Coca-Cola or Choice Hotels or a typical Real Estate C-Corporation than they are to a typical QSR. We believe Brand McDonalds could be worth 12.5x 13.5x EV/2006E EBITDA.
Based on an approximate $48 sum-of-the-parts value for McDonalds
2005E Operating Metrics: EBITDA Margins EBITDA CapEx Margins Long-term EPS Growth
(2)
Brand
Choice Hotels
66% 61% 16% 23% 18% 11% 31% 27% 9%
60% 50% 9%
Business Characteristics: Maint. Capital Requirements Earnings Stability Average Cost of Capital Fixed Asset Value Trading Multiples Adjusted Enterprise Value (3) / CY 2006E EBITDA CY 2006E EBITDA CapEx
________________________________________________
Low
High
Low
High
13.0x 15.5x
19.1x 20.3x
12.2x 15.4x
12.0x 13.6x
Stock prices as of 1/13/2006. Projections based on Wall Street research estimates. Analysis assumes a 7x EV/EBITDA valuation multiple for McOpCo. (1) Typical mature QSR business characteristics based on YUM! Brands and Wendys. (2) Brand McDonalds long-term EPS growth rate is based on the Companys current dividend payout ratio and assumes excess free cash flow after dividends is used for share buybacks. 38 (3) Adjusted for unconsolidated assets.
As Reported
Segment 2006E EBITDA
$1,130 4,464
5,594
7.0x 9.3x
8.9x
$7,908 41,675
$49,582
7.0x 12.5x
7.0x 13.5x
$7,908 55,799
$63,707
$7,908 60,263
$68,171
$34.00
$46 45%
$50 57%
________________________________________________ Note: Assumes $1.25bn of proceeds from IPO and $1.75bn of existing cash on hand used to repurchase shares. Capital structure assumptions are detailed on page 56 of the Appendix. Analysis is pro forma for a McOpCo spin-off and McDonalds share buyback on 12/31/05. (1) Based on 10/31 closing price of $31.60. 39
Assuming McOpCo pays a market rent and franchisee fee, we have modeled McOpCo FY 06E EBITDA of $1.1 billion and Brand McDonalds FY 06E EBITDA of $4.5 billion. Based on these assumptions, we believe McDonalds stock price would trade in the range of approximately $46 $50 per share, as a result of a 20% IPO of McOpCo.
________________________________________________
Note: Assumes 75% of consolidated G&A is allocated to Brand McDonalds, with the rest allocated to McOpCo. Assumes McDonalds FY 05E Net Debt of $8.1bn, Minority Interest in McOpCo of $1.3bn, and FY05E Diluted Shares Outstanding of 1,186mm, all pro forma for Pershings Revised Proposal.
40
Pershing believes that McDonalds, pro forma for the McOpCo 20% IPO, would have a 2006E Free Cash Flow yield of 4.3 % - 4.7% at stock price in the range of $46 - $50 per share. We note our Free Cash Flow calculation is based upon our estimates of 2006E After-Tax Levered Operating Cash Flow less Growth and Maintenance Capital Expenditures. (1)
McDonald's 2006E FCF/Dividend Yield at Varous Stock Prices Current Stock Price
2006E FCF Yield $34 6.3% $46 4.7%
Projected
$47 4.6% $48 4.5% $49 4.4% $50 4.3%
________________________________________________
(1) FCF Yield is based on Attributable Free Cash Flow before dividend payments. See Appendix page 54 for a calculation of FY 2006E Attributable Free Cash Flow.
41
A minority IPO of McOpCo would have minimal execution risk and negligible frictional costs McOpCo
Simple transaction Many successful value creating precedent transactions Minimal management distraction Frictional costs of roughly 5 cents per share Preserves current structures control of McOpCo
McDonalds would maintain the flexibility to repurchase minority McOpCo stake
if desired improvements were not obtained Minority buyouts are simple and common transactions with minimal transaction costs
42
Pershings valuation is based on the business as it exists today, assuming no further operational improvements.
Pershing believes that creating a publicly traded arm's-length McOpCo will substantially improve both top-line and bottom-line performance of McDonalds We believe that McOpCo has EBITDA margins of roughly 7.3% (post corporate allocation) (1) Based on comparable restaurant businesses, we believe McOpCo is capable of achieving at least 10% EBITDA margins However, Pershing has assumed no incremental operational improvements as part of its valuation
We also see potential G&A improvement as an additional opportunity
Standalone McDonalds LTM 9/30/05 G&A per systemwide unit of $68k versus YUM! Brands LTM 9/30/05 G&A per systemwide unit of approximately $35k
We have not included an IPO / potential spin-off of Chipotle as part of our analysis
IPO and potential spin-off of Chipotle will create additional value for investors
________________________________________________
(1)
McOpCo EBITDA margins are after adjusting for a market rent and franchise fee and allocating 25% of McDonalds consolidated G&A to McOpCo.
43
We believe our Proposal can potentially increase McDonalds share price to $50 per share. In addition, we believe McDonalds strong management team, running a world-leading brand, can create significant additional value based only on incremental operating improvements.(1)
McDonalds Potential Stock Price
$60
$50
$50
$40
Pershing Proposal
Recent: $34
$30
Pershing Proposal:
McOpCo 20% IPO and Market Revaluation of McDonalds
_______________________________________________
Improve G&A to YUM! levels of $35k per systemwide unit (~$1bn of G&A savings)(2)
(1) (2)
See Appendix page 55 for more detail regarding our assumptions on operating improvements. Total savings denotes consolidated G&A, of which 75% is allocated to Brand McDonalds and 25% is allocated to McOpCo.
Simple transaction Minimal execution risk, management distraction and frictional costs
Positions McOpCo to make optimal capital allocation and business execution decisions Improves the Systems checks and balances Allows McDonalds maximum control and flexibility regarding future strategic alternatives
Q&A
Confidential
Appendix
Confidential
Appendix
Set forth below is a table which reconciles McOpCos, Brand McDonalds and stand-alone McDonalds FY 2004 income statements, as they are currently reported. The analysis demonstrates how McOpCo is paying neither a market rent nor a franchise fee.
2004 Income Statement Sales by Company Operated Restaurants Rent from Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Franchise Fees From Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Total Revenue Company Operated Expenses: Food and Paper Compensation & Benefits Occupancy and Other Expenses (excl. D&A) Company Operated D&A Total Company Operated Expenses Franchised Restaurant Occupancy Costs Franchise PPE D&A Corporate G&A EBIT Depreciation & Amortization EBITDA % of Total EBITDA
________________________________________________
Brand McDonald's P&L 3,336 1,505 $4,841 347 $347 576 427 1,485 2,006 774 $2,780 54%
2004 Consolidated Sum of Parts $14,224 3,336 1,505 $19,065 4,853 3,726 2,747 774 $12,100 576 427 1,980 3,982 1,201 $5,183 100%
$14,224 3,336 1,505 $19,065 4,853 3,726 2,747 774 $12,100 576 427 1,980 3,982 1,201 $5,183 100%
$14,224 4,853 3,726 2,747 427 $11,753 495 1,976 427 $2,403 46%
The analysis assumes that 75% of the total G&A is allocated to the Brand McDonalds and 25% is allocated to McOpCo. To the extent that there should be more G&A allocated to McOpCo, then there would be a greater percentage of total EBITDA at Brand McDonalds than what is shown here. Note: Analysis excludes $441 mm of non-recurring other net operating expenses. 48
Appendix
Set forth below is a table which reconciles McOpCos, Brand McDonalds and stand-alone McDonalds FY 2004A income statements, assuming McOpCo pays a market rent and franchise fee. The analysis demonstrates that the Brand McDonalds contributed approximately 78% of total EBITDA.
2004 Income Statement Sales by Company Operated Restaurants Rent from Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Rent From Company Operated Rest. Franchise Fees From Franchise and Affiliate Rest. Franchise Fees From Company Operated Rest. Total Revenue Company Operated Expenses: Food and Paper Compensation & Benefits Non-Rent Occupancy and Other Expenses (excl. D&A) Company Operated D&A Company-Operated Rent Expense Additional Rent Payable to PropCo Franchise Fee Payable to FranCo Total Company Operated Expenses Franchised Restaurant Occupancy Costs Franchise PPE D&A Corporate G&A EBIT Depreciation & Amortization EBITDA % of Total EBITDA
________________________________________________
Brand McDonald's P&L 3,336 1,280 1,505 569 $6,690 347 583 $930 576 427 1,485 3,272 774 $4,046 78%
Inter-Company Eliminations
2004 Consolidated Sum of Parts $14,224 3,336 1,505 $19,065 4,853 3,726 2,164 774 583 $12,100 576 427 1,980 3,982 1,201 $5,183 100%
$14,224 3,336 1,505 $19,065 4,853 3,726 2,164 774 583 $12,100 576 427 1,980 3,982 1,201 $5,183 100%
$14,224 4,853 3,726 2,164 427 583 697 569 $13,019 495 710 427 $1,137 22%
$0
The analysis assumes that 75% of the total G&A is allocated to Brand McDonalds and 25% is allocated to McOpCo. McDonalds management has indicated that this is a conservative assumption regarding the real estate and franchise business. Note: Analysis excludes $441 mm of non-recurring other net operating expenses.
49
Appendix
For modeling purposes, we have assumed a 20% IPO of McOpCo and the proposed share repurchases occurred on 12/31/2005. In addition to our IPO assumptions, set forth herein are assumptions regarding share repurchases, capital structure and dividend policy.
Appendix
Equity Markets
IPO of McOpCo Shares
$1.3bn Note
McOpCo
McDonalds retains 80% stake
McOpCo
McOpCo declares and pays a dividend to McDonalds (parent) in the form of a Note in an amount equal to the anticipated proceeds from an initial public offering of McOpCo For illustrative purposes, we assume the Note is for $1.3bn, or 20% of the equity market value of McOpCo (assumed to be $6.6bn)
McOpCo undertakes the IPO and uses the proceeds to repay the dividend note. Any tax cost for the IPO would be the amount by which the IPO distribution exceeded McDonald's basis in the McOpCo stock multiplied by McDonalds corporate and state/local tax rate Assuming a $1.3bn of IPO distribution, there would be no tax cost associated with the IPO Assume a $1.65 billion of tax basis
No incremental leverage issued PF McDonalds repurchases approximately 7% of the fully diluted share base using Excess cash on hand After tax proceeds of IPO
51
Appendix
Given the estimated tax basis in McOpCo, we believe that no taxes would need to paid in an IPO of McOpCo.
$0 38% $0
$0 38% $0
$0 38% $0
After Tax Proceeds Distribution Taxes Payable After Tax Distributions Estimated IPO fees Net Proceeds
52
Appendix
Set forth herein are the schedules for (1) FY 2005E funds available for proposed share buybacks; (2) 05E Total Debt Balances; and (3) 05E Cash Balances. We have assumed that no incremental debt would be issued at McOpCo as of 9/30/2005 on top of the estimated $3 billion required to repatriate earnings from foreign territories.
Pre-IPO Cash Available to Fund Share Buybacks: Beginning Cash Balances 1/1/2005 Plus: FY'05E Free Cash Flow Before Dividends and Debt Pay Down Less: FY'05E Debt Reduction Less: FY'05E Dividends Equals: FY 2005E Cash on Books Available for Share Buybacks FY 2005E Total Debt Balance: Beginning Total Debt Balances 1/1/2005 Less: FY'05E Debt Reduction Estimated New Term Loan to Fund Repatriation Total Debt FY 2005E Post IPO FY 2005E Cash Balance: Beginning Cash Balances 1/1/2005 Plus: FY'05E Free Cash Flow Before Dividends and Debt Paydown Less: FY'05E Debt Reduction Less: FY'05E Dividends Plus: Estimated IPO Proceeds, net of fees Less: Share buybacks Plus: Proceeds from Repatriation FY 2005E Ending Cash Balance FY 2005E Net Debt
53
$1,380 2,351 (1,155) (843) $1,733 $9,220 (1,155) 3,000 $11,065 $1,380 2,351 (1,155) (843) 1,246 ($2,979) 3,000 $3,000 $8,065
Appendix
Set forth herein is a schedule for 2006E Free Cash Flow based on our estimates. Attributable free cash flow per share deducts the minority interest free cash flow pertaining to the 20% stake of McOpCos no longer owned by McDonalds. FY2006E shares outstanding is pro forma for the proposed share buyback.
$5,594 (1,186) (563) (316) (943) 12 (74) $2,525 1,176 $2.15 2,272 $1.93
less: Cash Interest Expense less: Growth CapEx (Net of Proceeds from Closings) less: Maintenance CapEx less: Change in Working Capital less: Minority Interest Free Cash Flow Attributable Free Cash Flow Before Financing Activities FY 2006E Average Shares Outstanding (mm) Attributable Free Cash Flow per Share Dividends Paid at 90% of Attributable FCF Dividend Paid per Share
54
Appendix
Set forth herein is a table which details our assumptions regarding potential operating improvements.
Segment
McOpCo Brand McDonald's Total
EBITDA
$1,554 4,464 6,018
Less: FY'05E Net Debt Less: Minority Interest (Market Value) Equals: Market Value of Equity PF FY'05E Diluted Shares Outstanding (mm) Estimated Share Price
G & A Savings: Improving to $50k per unit Unit Level Assumption: ~50k per unit G&A Allocation Assumptions: McOpCo 25.0% 75.0% $125 $375
7.0x 13.5x
Brand McDonald's
Savings ($ in mm) McOpCo
Brand McDonald's
Less: FY'05E Net Debt Less: Minority Interest (Market Value) Equals: Market Value of Equity PF FY'05E Diluted Shares Outstanding (mm) Estimated Share Price
G & A Savings: Improving to YUM! Levels Unit Level Assumption: ~35k per unit G&A Allocation Assumptions: McOpCo 25.0% 75.0% $250 $750
7.0x 13.5x
Brand McDonald's
Savings ($ in mm) McOpCo
Brand McDonald's
Less: FY'05E Net Debt Less: Minority Interest (Market Value) Equals: Market Value of Equity PF FY'05E Diluted Shares Outstanding (mm) Estimated Share Price
55
Appendix
Valuation Assumptions
Segment
$1,130 4,464
5,594
7.0x 9.3x
8.9x
$7,908 41,730
$49,638 6,332 $43,306 1,274
7.0x 12.5x
7.0x 13.5x
$7,908 55,799
$63,707 8,065 1,312 $54,331 1,186
$7,908 60,263
$68,171 8,065 1,312 $58,794 1,186
$34.00
$46 45%
$50 57%
________________________________________________ Note: Assumes $1.25bn of proceeds from IPO and $1.75bn of existing cash on hand used to repurchase shares. Analysis is pro forma for a McOpCo spin-off and McDonalds share buyback, as proposed, occurring on 12/31/05. (1) Based on 10/31 closing price of $31.60. 56
Appendix
Set forth herein is a table which details our assumptions regarding average unit level 4-Wall EBITDA margins for McOpCo and U.S. Franchisees.
($ in thousands) Avg. Unit Sales Operating Income Before Rent Expense Less: Market Rent & Franchisee Fee Operating Income after Rent and Franchise Fee Plus: Estimated D&A 4-Wall EBITDA (w/ Mkt. Fees)
$260
(1)
14.8%
________________________________________________
Note: McOpCo estimates based on FY 2004 financial data and assumes 2,002 U.S. McOpCo units and 6,117 International McOpCo units. (1) As presented by Ralph Alvarez, President of McDonalds North America, at McDonalds Analyst Meeting at Oak Brook, IL on 9/21/05. .
57
$50 $45 $40 $35 $30 $25 $20 $15 $10 1/19/99
$48
11/12/1999
10/1/99
6/12/00
2/22/01
11/4/01
7/17/02
3/29/03
12/9/03
8/20/04
5/2/05
1/13/06
58
Disclaimer
The analysis and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing") regarding Borders Group, Inc. (Borders or the Company) are based on publicly available information. Pershing recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the Company that could lead the Company to disagree with Pershings conclusions. The analyses provided include certain estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the Company. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Pershing advises funds that are in the business of trading - buying and selling - public securities. It is possible that there will be developments in the future that cause such funds to change their positions regarding the Company and possibly increase, reduce, dispose of, or change the form of their investment in the Company.
Borders Group
2nd largest U.S. book retailer
13% of U.S. retail book market (versus Barnes and Noble at 17% and Amazon at 10%)
2006E Rev of $4.1bn and EBITDA of $235mm Year-end Enterprise Value of $1.6bn and Equity Value of $1.1bn (1)
Note: BGP fiscal year ends on January 31. Presentation based on a Calendar year.
Forward estimates based on Pershing estimates. (1) Based on managements guidance for Net Debt and shares outstanding at year end 2006. Assumes a $21 current stock price for BGP throughout this presentation. 2
What is Borders?
Superstores
Large format (25,000 sq ft) Large selection 476 units Most profitable segment Positive sales trends
% LTM Rev. % LTM EBITDA % LTM ROA
Mall Stores
Waldenbooks Small format, mall-based Limited selection 600 units Negative sales trends and declining profitability
17% 5% -1%
3
International
U.K. and Australia 90 units / mix of large / small format stores Declining profitability
15% 3% -2%
$27.47
$ 26.50 $ 24.50
$ 22.50
$ 20.50
$ 18.50
$ 16.50
$ 14.50
$ 12.50 1 /5/01 1
5/5/02
1 /5/02 1
5/5/03
1 /5/03 1
5/5/04
1 /5/04 1
5/5/05
1 /5/05 1
5/5/06
1 /5/06 1
($ in millions)
$333 $318 $300
10.0% 9.0%
8.6%
8.8% 8.4% 8.5% 7.4% 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0%
2001
2002
2003
5
2004
2005
11
1. Misunderstood Industry
Amazon Risk?
Superstores have increased share in tandem with Amazon by focusing on selection and quality of experience
Losers have been Independents, Mall stores, Mass Merchants and Book Clubs with limited selection
U.S. Consumer Book Industry 1993
Superstores 5% Other (book clubs,
mass merchants)
66%
48%
Independents 12%
15
Book retailers depreciate store assets over initial lease term ~ typically 10-15 years Maintenance capital requirements are lower than depreciation expense Fixed assets (book shelves) last longer than lease terms Maintenance costs typically limited to paint and carpeting
16
10.0%
Superstores
8.0%
6.0%
International
4.0%
Mall Stores
2.0% 0.0% 2001
Note: EBITDA Adjusted for non-cash asset impairment associated with store closures.
2002
2003
18
2004
2005
Borders Superstores
Anchor tenant. Stable business Seattles Best. Mini-Starbucks. High margin + growing Specialty paper like Kates Paperie. High margin + growing
Deteriorating rapidly
Growth slowing
21
$2,400
= 29%
2.0%
2,234
220 9.8%
EBITDA adjusted for non-cash asset impairment associated with store closures.
23
2001 Reported Superstore SSS Estimated Music SSS Music % of Sales Music Impact on Reported SSS Est. Superstore SSS (ex-music) Difference 2.0% (4.0%) 22.0% (0.9%) 2.9% 0.9%
2005 1.1% (12.0%) 11.0% (1.3%) 2.4% 1.3% Avg. 2.2% Avg. 0.7%
24
Same store sales Revenue EBITDA Margins One time costs: Redundant Distribution Center Costs Advertising / G&A for Launch of Rewards Impact of Remodels Total Pro Forma EBITDA Pro Forma Margins
EBITDA $ in millions
41%
increase
Mall Stores
7.4% $67
7.2% $61
7.5%
8.0% 7.0%
$61 5.6%
6.0% 5.0%
Adjusted EBITDA
($ in millions)
$60 $50
$44
$40 $30 $20 $10 4.0%
3.0% $23
Note: EBITDA Adjusted for non-cash asset impairment associated with store closures.
2004
2005
410 Mall Stores (~70% of total) have leases expiring in 2006 Management says that 200 are profitable, 200 are marginal, and 200 are losing money Plan to close unprofitable stores as leases expire Remaining stores negotiate rent reductions with 1-year renewals
35
Waldenbooks Total Units Net Working Capital per store ($000) Total Net Working Capital ($ in mm) 2006E EBITDA
36
International
U.K.
Australia
International Stores
U.K. stores 37 Borders Superstores 31 Books, Etc. (small format) 90 Paperchase Australia / New Zealand: 18 Superstores 2005 EBITDA margins of 4.3% Significantly lower than 2005 Superstore margins of 9.6% We estimate International 2006E EBITDA margins of 1.5% (assuming revenue of $650mm and EBITDA $10mm)
38
# of Units
37 31 18 4
40
78 73 65 55
March 2004
March 2005
42
March 2006
January 2007E
Valuation
Valuation Assumptions
We believe our valuation assumptions are conservative
No EV / EBITDA multiple expansion Mall and International Segments value based on NWC The least these segments are worth Upside at International segment -- it was generating $40mm of EBITDA in 2004 (versus ~$10mm in 2006E) Reduced share repurchase rate Current rate of ~$250mm/year We assume $80mm/year (proceeds from Superstores net working capital improvements and FCF after capex) No incremental leverage to fund share repurchases
45
Value of Net Working Capital Value of Net Working Capital 7.0x '08E EBITDA of ($25)
Enterprise Value Less: Net Debt expected at Year End 2006 Equals: Equity Value FD shares outstanding expected at year end 2006 Less: Shares repurchased using $130mm from NWC improvement at Superstores, net of options (1) Equals: FD shares outstanding
$ in millions, except per share data
(1) Assumes $130mm of proceeds from Net Working Capital improvement and $30mm of FCF generated between 2007 2008 used to repurchase shares at $30 per share. Fully diluted calculation based on the treasury stock method and assumes ~7mm of options outstanding by FYE 2008.
46
47
Transaction: Linens 'n Things Burlington Coat Factory The Sports Authority Michael's Stores Average
Total Leverage Adj. Debt/ EBITDAR 6.2 x 6.5 x 6.8 x 7.8 x 6.8 x
48
Concluding Thoughts
Concluding Thoughts
Borders is similar to other investments where we have had success
Value of high-quality segment obscured by performance of low-return segments Traditional sentiment on the Company is negative or neutral at best Market is more focused on consolidated same store sales rather than the underlying business quality New CEO is focused on making changes to fix the business
50
51
Disclaimer
The information contained in this presentation (the Information) is based on publicly available information about Target Corporation (Target). None of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P., its affiliates and any of their respective officers, directors and employees (collectively, Pershing), nor any representative of Pershing, has independently verified any of the Information. Pershing recognizes that there may be confidential or otherwise non-public information in Targets possession that could lead others to disagree with Pershings conclusions. The sole purpose of presenting the Information is to inform analysts and shareholders about the transaction described in this presentation (the Transaction). This presentation does not constitute an offer or a solicitation of any kind. Neither Pershing nor any of its representatives makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the Information or any other written or oral communication made in connection with this presentation or the Transaction. The Information includes certain forward-looking statements, estimates and projections with respect to the anticipated future financial, operating and stock market performance of Target in the absence of the Transaction and the two public companies that may result if the Transaction is completed. Such statements, estimates and projections may prove to be substantially inaccurate, reflect significant assumptions and judgments that may prove to be substantially inaccurate, and are subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies beyond Pershings control, including those described under the caption Risk Factors in Targets filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as general economic, credit, capital and stock market conditions, competitive pressures, geopolitical conditions, inflation, interest rate fluctuations, regulatory and tax matters and other factors. Pershing and its representatives expressly disclaim any and all liability relating to or resulting from the use of the Information or any errors therein or omissions therefrom, including under applicable securities laws. The Information does not purport to include all information that may be material with respect to the Transaction or Target. Thus, shareholders and others should conduct their own independent investigation and analysis of Target, the Transaction and the Information. The Information is not intended to provide the basis for fully evaluating, and should not be considered a recommendation with respect to, the Transaction, Target, the securities of Target or any other matter. Except where otherwise indicated, the Information speaks as of the date hereof. Neither Pershing nor any of its representatives undertakes any obligation to correct, update or revise the Information or to otherwise provide any additional materials. The preparation and distribution of this presentation should not be taken as any form of commitment on the part of Pershing to take any action in connection with the Transaction. Pershing is in the business of buying and selling securities. It has, and may in the future, buy, sell or change the form of its position in Target for any or no reason.
IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: To ensure compliance with requirements imposed by the IRS, we inform you that (i) any discussion of U.S. tax matters contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code; (ii) any such discussion of tax matters is written in connection with the promotion or marketing of the matters addressed; and (iii) you should seek advice from an independent advisor.
1
Agenda
Objectives The Transaction Transaction Rationale Valuation Appendix Detailed Valuation Analysis Credit Rating Analysis Structural and Legal Considerations
6
Objectives
Retail Operations
Iconic U.S. retail brand Best-in-class operator with distinctive merchandising strategy 1,685 stores in 48 states Best management team in the retail industry Attractive growth profile, driven by mid-tohigh single-digit square footage growth and market share gains Recently sold an undivided interest in credit card receivables
79% ND
ND 2%
ND 84%
55% 76%
ND 55%
35% 89%
ND 54%
27% ND
ND represents Not Disclosed (1) Represents % owned stores (includes owned stores on leased land) (2) Represents % owned stores on owned land only (3) Represents % owned DCs (includes owned DCs on leased land)
(1)
Total Real Estate Replacement Value ($bn) Implied Cap Rate @ $2.5bn of Estimated Market Rent
$39.1 6.4%
(1) Based on average store size of 132k square feet, and DCs & WHs size of 1.4mm square feet (2) Analysis excludes the value of owned buildings on third-party ground leased land; assumes cost of a Target store of $26mm ($13mm building and $13mm land) and cost of distribution facility and warehouse of $70mm ($50mm building and $20mm land) (3) Assumes 1,438 stores, and 25 distribution facilities and warehouses on owned land in 2008E
11
Current TGT Enterprise Value @ $40/Share Less : PF Target Corp Less : Credit Card Receivables Equals : Implied Real Estate Value Gross Book Value of Land and Buildings Discount to Gross Book Value Replacement Value of Owned Real Estate Discount to Replacement Value
$48.3 (1) (26.9) (2) (8.0) $13.4 $25.2 47% $39.1 66%
(1)
(1) Based on 2008 Q2 company filings and a 20-day trading average stock price as of 10/24/08 (2) Assumes for illustrative purposes that the remaining 53% interest in credit card receivables is sold to an Investment Partner for $4.4bn and that Target retains $150mm of credit card income
12
Objectives
In considering alternatives for the Company, Pershing Squares objective was to eliminate the stock markets ascribed discount to the intrinsic value of Targets real estate and allow the Company to: Retain complete control of its buildings and its brand Retain 100% flexibility with respect to its construction, remodeling, and relocation plans Improve the Companys free cash flow and access to capital Increase the Companys ROIC and lower its cost of capital Maintain an investment grade credit rating Increase the Companys EPS growth rate Minimize tax leakage and friction costs
13
Gating Items
Difficult to maintain sufficient control over buildings and achieve tax-free status Lease life (including fixed rate renewals) limited to 75% of the useful life of the buildings
2.
Taxable Spin-off of all owned land and buildings Large sale-leaseback transaction
Value destruction due to tax leakage, both at the corporate and shareholder levels Value destruction due to tax leakage at the corporate level Transaction execution may be difficult
3.
Pershing concluded that the above alternatives were not optimal, given the Companys strategy and objectives
14
Pershing has identified a Transaction which will achieve all of the stated objectives The Transaction is consistent with the way Target owns some of its real estate today The Transaction will create tremendous shareholder value
15
The Transaction
The Transaction
Tax-free spin of Target Inflation Protected REIT (or TIP REIT) as Groundlessor and Facility Manager
PreSpin
TARGET Shareholders
PostSpin
TARGET Shareholders
TARGET
TARGET Corp
Ground Leases
Owned Buildings 1
Land
New Target Corp owns its buildings on 75-year ground leases Outsources Facilities Management Services Continues to maintain properties
Leases back land to Target Corp through a Master Lease for a 75-year term Elects REIT status at the time of spin-off Becomes Target Corps outsourced facilities management provider Becomes Targets exclusive land developer for the first two years
After two years, becomes Target Corps Preferred Vendor for land procurement
Question: How can a Retailer unlock the value of its real estate without losing control of its buildings? Answer: Tax-free spin-off of an active business that ground leases the land back to the Retailer
Retailer retains ownership of its buildings and 100% control with respect to its construction, remodeling, and relocation plans Retailer becomes a 75-year ground lessee for its owned properties on attractive terms with no financial covenants Retailer gets an unlevered business partner (a land-only REIT) that can more efficiently finance future land development
18
6.0x
$40/Share (1)
15.7x
Large Cap REITs (1)
17.0x
Recent Big Box Ground Lease (2)
33.3x
Inflation Protected Treasury Securities (TIPS) (3)
The Transaction creates immense and instant value because 22% of Targets current EBITDA will be valued at a significantly higher multiple than where Target trades today
(1) Based on a 20-day trading average as of 10/24/08 (2) Based on mid-point precedent cap rate of 5.9% (3) Based on current 20-year TIP yield of 3.0%
19
20
Transaction Description Step 1: The existing company (Target Corp) forms a new subsidiary (TIP REIT) and transfers to it the Facilities Management Services business, the owned land under the stores, and the owned land under the distribution facilities
Land
TIP REIT
1
Land Lease
2
75-year
Target Corp
Master Lease
Step 2: TIP REIT leases the land back to Target Corp through a Master Lease for a 75-year term
TIP REIT
Land
21
Transaction Description Step 3: Target Corp spins off TIP REIT to its shareholders pro rata and tax-free Step 4: TIP REIT elects REIT status effective immediately Simultaneously, TIP REIT drops the Facilities Management Services business into a new corporation, a taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS) Step 5: TIP REIT pays a taxable dividend (at the 15% dividend tax rate to non-corporate taxpayers) to shareholders equal to its allocated portion of Targets $16bn of retained Earnings and Profits (E&P), estimated to be $8bn based on the implied mid-point valuation of TIP REIT/Target Corp 20% of the dividend ($1.6bn) may be paid in cash with the remaining paid in TIP REIT common stock This cash dividend can be deferred until the end of the calendar year in which the REIT election occurs
Tax-Free Spin-off
Target Corp
TIP REIT
4
Facilities Mgmt Services (TRS)
Land
E&P Purge
Shareholders
TIP REIT
Target Corp
Land
75-year Lease
22
Flat dollar amounts per year with annual increases For this Transaction we have assumed annual increases based on CPI increases None For the first 2 years post-Transaction, TIP REIT will be Target Corps exclusive land developer Thereafter, TIP REIT will become Target Corps preferred vendor for future land procurement / development needs Target Corp will have the right to re-model or tear down and rebuild stores as it sees fit
Target Corp may sublease one or more sites but no sublease would release Target Corp from its obligations under the lease The lease is intended to be treated as a lease for tax purposes; lessor will be treated as the owner Note: The lease is assumed to be treated as an operating lease for accounting purposes
23
Lease Structure
Ongoing Relationships
Post separation, Target Corp and TIP REIT will continue to be closely aligned, but on an arms-length basis
TIP REIT will provide Facilities Management Services to Target Corp under a long-term agreement Arms-length terms TIP REIT expected to continue to perform Facilities Management Services for third parties after the spin-off Target Corp agrees to use TIP REIT as its land procurement developer for the first two years after the spin-off on agreed-upon terms Creates a contractual 2-year development pipeline for TIP REIT and a funding source for Target Corp Afterwards, Target Corp will grant TIP REIT preferred vendor status for Target Corps land procurement needs on market terms for future Target stores Under this Preferred Vendor Agreement, it is anticipated that TIP REIT will be Target Corps land procurement developer in the future After the spin-off, TIP REIT and Target Corp may also share overlapping board members The number of overlapping board members would comprise a minority of each board There may be restrictions on the duration of the overlap
24
Transaction Assumptions
The following transaction assumptions were used for an illustrative 01/01/09 transaction:
09E rent/square foot on land for stores $7/sq. ft.; equals to 7% of $100/sq. ft.
09E rent/square foot on land for distribution centers and warehouses $1.25/sq. ft. Rental rate grows based on CPI (assumes CPI = 2.5%) Target sells 53% remaining interest of credit card portfolio $4.4bn of proceeds used to pay down debt (including all securitized debt) Elimination of $3.6bn JPMorgan financing Target retains $150mm of pre-tax earnings stream from its credit card business in partnership transaction Target Corp funds all maintenance capex as well as all building development TIP REIT funds all new Target store land procurement, development and improvement costs ($100/sq. ft.) Assumes $125mm of 09E internal Facilities Management Services expense at Target Corp Assumes TIP REIT receives $144mm in revenues from Target Corp and third parties, expenses $125mm of costs and earns $19mm in EBIT, implying a 13% EBIT margin in 2009E After reducing $4.4bn of debt from the sale of the remaining 53% interest of CC business (and accordingly eliminating the JPMorgan credit card liability), we have assumed all existing debt stays at Target Corp Flexibility to re-allocate debt between Target Corp and TIP REIT
Capital Expenditures Facilities Management Services Capital Structure Dividends TIP REIT G&A
100% of AFFO distributed at TIP REIT Results in total dividends to shareholders of $1.86/share in PF2009E vs. current $0.60/share Assumes $20mm of G&A allocated to TIP REIT and incremental $15mm of standalone costs in 08E
25
2009E "Combined"
(1)
(1) Includes incremental $15mm of standalone costs at TIP REIT (2) Normalized to exclude $112mm (approximately $0.16/share) of incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distribution
26
18% EPS accretion from tax efficiencies and improved free cash flow
Reflects payment to TIP REIT of $144mm less assumed expense of $125mm Assumes rent of $7.00/sq. ft. on store land and $1.25/sq. ft. on DCs and WHs land for CY 2009E Incremental standalone cost of TIP REIT Assumes the sale of the remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables on 01/01/09, with Target retaining $150mm of credit card EBITDA
27
$4 $3 $2 $1 $0
Target
Target "Combined"
(1) Includes cost of store remodeling; normalized to exclude $112mm (approximately $0.16/share) of incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distribution
28
$0.62 16%
(1) Assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables for $4.4bn on 01/01/09 with Target retaining $150mm of credit card EBITDA (2) Assumes interest rate on debt of 6.2% at Target Corp and 7.0% at TIP REIT; normalized to exclude $112mm of incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distribution (3) Assumes tax rate of 38% for Target Corp and TIP REIT Facilities Management Services business
29
Valuation Summary
Based on the assumptions provided and using the mid-point of the valuation analysis, this Transaction would result in total combined value of $70 per share for Target shareholders (74% premium to the 20-day average trading price) and $83 per share twelve months later
$83
$80
$70
TIP REIT
$60 $/Share
74% $40
Target Standalone
TIP REIT
$42
$40
$38
Target Corp Target Corp
$20
$32
$0 Target (20-Day Avg. Price) Target REIT Spin-Off
$42
For illustrative purposes, assumes Transaction occurs on 01/01/09 (1) Based on a 20-day trading average as of 10/24/08; assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card business with proceeds used to pay down debt (2) Based on mid-point of valuation analysis 30
Even ignoring valuation benefits, there are important strategic reasons to consummate the Transaction
31
Transaction Rationale
Transaction Rationale
Target Corp retains control over its buildings and brand Improves Targets access to capital and decreases its capital needs Creates a non-cash currency for tax-efficient real estate acquisitions Improves management focus on core operations Tax-free spin-off Optimizes ownership of land Increases total free cash flow Improves store-level ROIC and Targets EPS growth rate Maintains investment grade credit ratings profile Increases total dividends from $0.60/share today to $1.86/share in 2009E (1) Enormous value creation
(1) Excludes $112mm (approximately $0.16/share) of incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distribution
33
34
TIP REIT will have better and cheaper access to the capital markets than any retailer. As such, Target will have a stable strategic and financial partner to fund future growth
Outsourcing these capital requirements to TIP REIT would increase Target Corps cash flows and decrease its need for growth capital
Target Corp would have approximately $200mm of incremental FCF after growth capex versus Target Standalone as a result of not funding new land development and reduced taxes
(1) Assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables for $4.4bn on 01/01/09 with Target retaining $150mm of credit card EBITDA in '09E
37
38
Target Corp can better focus on retailing while TIP REIT can focus on facilities management and land acquisitions
40
Tax-free Spin-off
The Transaction satisfies all of the requirements for a tax-free spin-off
Requirements
The spin-off must be motivated by a non-tax corporate business purpose
Application
Improved access to capital and capital allocation Improved currency for future real estate acquisitions Improved management focus on retail operations Enhanced equity-based management compensation Leases are structured to ensure TIP REIT is treated as tax owner of land Facilities Management Services business is an active trade or business that has been conducted by Target Corp, in addition to its retail business, for the past five years TIP REIT expected to continue to offer Facilities Management Services to customers other than Target Corp Non-tax business purpose for separation, widely-held ownership of Target Corp and TIP REIT, and absence of plan by shareholders to sell stake in either company evidence that transaction is not a device Leases are structured to ensure TIP REIT is treated as tax owner of land
Business Purpose
Both Parent and SpinCo must each be engaged in an active trade or business immediately after the spin-off The business must also have been conducted throughout the 5-year period ending on the date of the spin-off The spin-off cannot be principally used as a device for the distribution of earnings and profits
Device
Distribution of Control
Parent must have control of SpinCo immediately prior to the distribution Control means 80% of total voting power and 80% of the number of shares of each class of non-voting stock
41
Target Corp will have control of 100% of TIP REIT prior to spin-off
Application
TIP REIT will be widely held by the public Restrictions will be placed on the ownership of TIP REIT shares to ensure no single shareholder may own > 9.9% of its shares Land satisfies the asset test The Facilities Management Services business will be placed in a TRS and its income will be taxed at the corporate level The value of TIP REITs TRS shares will be less than 25% of the total value of TIP REIT Rental income from leases will satisfy the 75% income test; rental income and dividends will satisfy the 95% income test New 9.9% TIP REIT ownership restriction will ensure that rents from Target Corp are not relatedparty rents
Asset Test
At least 75% of assets must be comprised of real estate, cash or cash items and Government securities REIT can conduct non-real estate related activities through a taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS). TRS shares could be up to 25% of the gross asset value of all the REITs assets At least 75% of REITs gross income must consist of rents, gain from disposition of real property and income from other REITs Rents from related parties are disqualified under the income test (parties are related if there is a 10% or greater ownership by vote or value of the tenant by the REIT) At least 95% of gross income must consist of (i) income that satisfies the 75% income test and (ii) dividends and interest from any source In the year of election, REIT must distribute C-Corp earnings and profits by end of taxable year At least 90% of REIT taxable income must be distributed annually (undistributed income would remain subject to corporate-level tax)
43
Income Test
Distribution Requirements
TIP REIT will make a taxable distribution of stock and cash by December 31 of year of spin-off to purge retained Earnings and Profits TIP REIT will distribute 100% of its REIT taxable income
$2.68 $2.23
$1.86 $1.79
$4.54 $4.02
$3.92 $3.40
Using Targets 09 P/E multiple of 11.8x (based on $40/share), the incremental earnings accretion from this Transaction creates $7 per share of value ignoring other valuation benefits
(1) Assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card business is sold in both Standalone and Transaction scenarios (2) Normalized to exclude $112mm (approximately $0.16/share) of incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distribution
44
Retail Sales per Avg. Store Estimated Four-Wall Operating Costs Ground Lease Expense per Avg. Store Estimated Four-Wall EBIT per Avg. Store Margin (%) New Land Capex New Building Capex Total Investment Estimated Returns on Investment (%)
(1) Assumes $0.9mm of ground lease rent expense, based on $7/sq. ft. lease cost and 131k of store square footage, on average
45
2009 $2.23
17.6%
$3.29
$3.40 3.5%
$3.90 14.8%
$4.57 17.0%
$5.18 13.4%
$5.89 13.8%
14.7%
Memo: Operating Assumptions: Same-store sales Sq. ft. growth Gross Margin SG&A as % of sales
(1) Assumes remaining 53% interest of credit card business sold for $4.4bn on 01/01/09 and all proceeds used to pay down debt (2) Assumes Target Standalone maintains existing dividend policy
46
18
14.7%(1),(2),(3) 14.5%
14.0%
14.0%
Average(4) = 11.9% 13.5% 13.0% 12.9% 12.0% 12.0% 12.0% 11.0% 10.0% 10.0% 9.0% 9.0% 8.0% 8.0%
12
0 Whole Foods
Corp
Kohl's
Standalone
CVS
Lowe's
Staples Walgreens
TJX
Costco
Safeway
Home Depot
Sears
BJ's
Kroger
(1) Represents 20092013 EPS CAGR (2) Assumes additional future share buyback at a constant forward P/E of 16.0x (3) Assumes sale of credit card business for $4.4bn on 1/1/09 and uses proceeds to pay down debt (4) Excludes Target Source: FactSet and Company filings for Retailers, excluding Target
47
Target Combined
"Consolidated View"
Expected Rating
A- / A3
To be conservative, we have assumed that the agencies will take a De-consolidated View and Target will maintain solid investment grade ratings in the Mid - High BBB/Baa category (versus A+/A2 rating today)
48
($mm) Balance Sheet Data: 8/2/08 Debt 1 Less: Debt Paydown with H2 '08 Cash Flow Less: Debt Paydown from Excess Cash CY2008E Debt Less: Debt Paydown from Credit Card Proceeds Less: Elimination of JPMorgan Financing 2 Plus: Debt Issued for E&P Distribution at TIP REIT 3 Plus: Debt Issued to Fund Land Development at TIP REIT Less: Debt Paydown PF2008E Ending Debt Plus: Lease Adjusted Debt (8x 2008E Total Lease Expense) PF2008E Lease Adj. Total Debt PF 2008E Credit Metrics: Debt / EBITDA Lease Adj. Total Debt / EBITDAR EBITDAR / (Interest+Rent)
(1) Assumes remaining 53% interest of credit card business sold for $4.4bn on 01/01/09 and all proceeds used to pay down debt
(2) $1.6bn of debt issued to fund E&P dividend, which must be paid by December 31 of the year REIT status is elected (3) Assumes that 1st year land acquisitions financed solely with debt
49
Despite temporarily having a lower credit rating than today, (1) Target Corp will not need access to capital because it will be significantly free cash flow positive after growth capex and (2) it will be able to deleverage back to an A category credit rating in a short time frame
50
Cash $1.5
Comments Debt excludes JP Morgan GAAP liability of $3.6bn Sale of 53% interest of credit card receivables for $4.4bn Assumes $1bn of stock buyback
(1)
78% of Free Cash Flow generated 96% of Free Cash Flow generated 95% of Free Cash Flow generated
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Market access?
52
Capital Allocation
53
Valuation Summary
$83
$80
$70
TIP REIT
$60 $/Share
74% $40
Target Standalone
TIP REIT
$42
$40
$38
Target Corp Target Corp
$20
$32
$0 Target (20-Day Avg. Price) Target REIT Spin-Off
$23 $34 6.5x 14.2x $27.5 $27.5 4.9% 5.3% 20.5x 19.3x
$42
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) 09E Dividend Yield Cap Rate '09E P/AFFO '09E EV/EBITDA
Target Corp
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) '09E EV/EBITDA '09E P/E
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) '10E EV/EBITDA '10E P/E Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) 10E Dividend Yield Cap Rate '10E P/AFFO '10E EV/EBITDA
For illustrative purposes, assumes Transaction occurs on 01/01/09 (1) Based on 20-day trading average as of 10/24/08; assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card business with proceeds used to pay down debt (2) Based on mid-point of valuation analysis 54
TIP REIT
Sources of Value
The main sources of value creation are incremental earnings generation via the REIT structure and multiple expansion at TIP REIT and Target Corp
100
$/Share
80 60 40 20 0 Target Standalone Value/Share (Assuming 20-Day Avg. Price Multiples) Incremental Earnings Generation
$70/share
Incremental EPS Generation "Target Combined" 2009E EPS Target Standalone 2009E EPS Difference Target Current EPS Multiple $4.02 $3.40 $0.62 11.8x
$32
$1.79 21.3x
$5
$1.79 9.6x
$7
$38
$17
(1) Normalized to exclude $112mm of incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distributions (2) Implied P/E multiple of 21.3x based on the mid-point of todays estimated market value of $27.5bn, implying a 20.5x 2009E AFFO multiple, 4.9% dividend yield and 5.3% cap rate 55
(1)
The implied hypothetical future value per share post-transaction for Target shareholders is $109 in three years
$109 $110 $100 $90 $/Share $80 $70 $70 $60 $50 Today
TRANSACTION Target Corp - Hypothetical Value/Share TIP REIT - Hypothetical Value/Share (2) TIP REIT - Cumulative Dividend Total Hypothetical Value/Share ($) $32 $38 $0 $70 $42 $40 $2 $83 $50 $43 $4 $97 $58 $45 $6 $109
$97
$83
1 Year
2 Year
3 Year
(1) Future values post 1-year are based on constant multiples (2) Excludes one-time dividend from E&P distribution 56
Potential Questions
Whats so special about TIP REIT? Why are TIPS the best comparable security to TIP REIT? Why is TIP REIT more valuable than a private ground lease? Why is TIP REIT unlike any existing REIT today? Why would this Transaction improve Target Corps valuation? Why is this Transaction ideally suited for Target? What are the risks? Other potential questions
58
Today
Ground lessor leases land at $7 / sq. ft.
Because it will lose its building in the event of default, a tenant is highly motivated to make its ground lease payments. The unencumbered building acts as collateral, making the ground lease extremely secure
61
222
85%
189
$197
37.4
44
81%
35
$50
1.8
$36 35 $1.3
$39.1
$19.9
(1) Analysis excludes the value of owned buildings on third-party ground leased land; assumes cost of a Target store of $26mm ($13mm building and $13mm land) and cost of DC and WH of $70mm ($50mm building and $20mm land) (2) Assumes 1,438 stores, and 25 DCs and WHs on owned land in 2008E (3) Although the buildings are not pledged as security, the effective result is that they act like collateral in the event of tenant default 62
"Lease Security" Value of Land and Unencumbered Buildings TIP REIT Enterprise Value at 4.9% Dividend Yield Illustrative Asset Coverage "Lease Security" / EV $39.1 $27.5
(1)
142%
64
TIP REIT Risk profile: Long-term Senior Secured Highly-rated Inflationprotected Bond
66
Given its market cap, TIP REIT will be owned by S&P 500 index funds, large cap funds, real estate index funds, yield-oriented investors, and investors seeking inflation-protected assets
(1) Represents non-financial companies in the S&P 500 with market caps greater than $20bn (2) Based on 2009E dividends
68
Why are Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) the Best Comparable Security to TIP REIT?
20-Year TIPS
Backed by federal government Payment based on CPI adjusted principal 20 years Interest payment required by law Over $450bn market (1) No Yes (tax on inflation adj. principal)
Backed by highly-rated Target Corp $39bn of Lease Security or ~140% TIP REITs EV at 4.9% dividend yield Rent income adjusted for CPI 75-year lease term REIT dividend payment required by law $28bn market cap Yes No
TIP REIT
TIP-like Security
Cash flows from the rental income generated by the existing, static ground lease portfolio
Nearly identical to TIPS, given stability, security and the long-term, inflation-adjusted nature of the Master Lease Inflation-linked rents based on the same CPI measure as used for TIPS Semi-annual dividend payments on the same date as TIPS interest payments Highly liquid
71
Land Developer
Cash flows generated as the Preferred Land Developer of new Target stores
Exclusive right to be Targets land developer for the first two years post Transaction Preferred Land Developer after two years Attractive 6% 8% square footage growth for the foreseeable future Provide Facilities Management services as part of land developer platform
1.65% 2.15%
4.65% 5.15%
The current TIPS yield of 3.0% implies an expected 20-year inflation rate of only 1.4%. If the expected 20-year inflation rate increased to 2.0% and the 20-year Treasury rate remained constant, then the 20-year TIPS would yield 2.4% and TIP REIT would yield 4.05% 4.55%. The higher the inflation rate, the more valuable TIP REIT will be
72
We estimate that Targets ground lease credit risk should be materially lower than Targets unsecured CDS spread
73
2010
$145 12 (21) (1,008) ($872)
2011
$257 14 (21) (1,582) ($1,332)
2012
$391 15 (22) (1,863) ($1,478)
2013
$551 17 (22) (2,190) ($1,644)
...
$55,047
Land Developer
$2/share
$40/share
5.1%
(1) At mid-point valuation (2) Implied yield calculated based on NOI / Implied value
75
$38
Using a TIPS-based valuation analysis, our mid-point valuation price of $38/share excludes the value of TIP REITs development platform
Target Corp
$32
TIP REIT Spin-off Equity Value / Share
76
Long:
TIP REIT @ $38 (mid-point of valuation analysis) implies a ~490 bps dividend yield TIPS @ 300 bps yield 190 bps (1) Keep the 190 bps spread (nearly risk-free, given the security offered by $20bn of unencumbered buildings), or hedge Target unsecured risk with CDS Get the Land Developer for free, worth $2/share
77
(2)
TIPS are readily borrowable and easily shortable TIP REIT would pay semi-annual dividends on the exact same day that TIPS pay interest payments (Jan 15th and July 15th )
78
Transaction For Sale For Sale For Sale For Sale For Sale For Sale Sold Sold - March 27, 2008 Sold - March 23, 2008 Sold - October 2007 Sold - September 2007 Sold - July 2007
Tenant Lowe's Kohl's Lowe's Lowe's Wal-Mart Kohl's Target Lowe's Home Depot Kohl's Lowe's Lowe's
Location Princeton, WV Selinsgrove, PA Derby, CT Eugene, OR Albuquerque, NM Fort Gratiot, MI Fairlawn, OH Whitehall, PA Austell, GA Reno, NV Escondido, CA Sayre, PA
Cap Rate 6.61% 6.25% 5.50% 6.25% 5.50% 5.75% 6.00% 6.05% 5.75% 6.10% 6.00% 6.25%
Options 6, Five-Year 8, Five-Year 8, Five-Year na 15, Five-Year 4, Five-Year 6, Five-Year na na na 6, Five-Year 8, Five-Year
Given the above factors, TIP REIT will trade at a lower cap rate than an individual private ground lease
(1) Represents 2008E Target Corp stores on TIP REIT land
82
Yes, typically 10% or more of leases up for renewal annually Yes, typically 8% of EBITDA No preferred arrangement None. Owns both land buildings
1 2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10
Given TIP REITs de minimis maintenance capital requirements, TIP REITs free cash flow should be compared to a real estate investment trusts AFFO, not the FFO metric
(1) By equity market value (2) Source: Wall Street research; 2008E maintenance Capex / EBITDA
85
1 2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10
10 Largest REITs (2) TIP REIT (1) Simon Property Group Public Storage Vornado Realty Trust Boston Properties Equity Residential HCP, Inc. Kimco Realty Corporation ProLogis AvalonBay Communities
Given its size and scale, TIP REIT will be a must own stock for any real estate equity investor
(1) Represents 2008E Target Corp stores, distribution facilities and warehouses on TIP REIT land (2) By equity market value; based on a 20-day trading average as of 10/24/08 (3) Based on company filings as of Q2 2008A
86
TIP REIT
Lease Type and Terms Land-only Master Lease
Highly secure given unencumbered buildings worth $20bn 75-year lease term
High quality / Multiple alternative uses Investment grade credit and improving
Leading GM Retailer
Mixed quality / Limited alternative use Generally below investment grade credit and deteriorating
Unproven, often specialty retail
Largest market equity cap Preferred Vendor Agreement with a fast-growing, leading retailer
87
Leases:
Leased Property Lease Type Unencumbered Assets of the Tenants Effective Over-collateralization Avg. Remaining Lease Terms (Yrs) Estimated Lease Turnover (0817)
@ $38/share
Land-only Master Lease 1,438 Stores and 25 Distribution Facilities (1) $20 billion of Buildings 75.0 0.0% Land and Building Individual Leases None None 13.0
( 3)
34.8% ( 4)
35.4% ( 4)
Size:
Equity Market Value ($mm) Enterprise Value ($mm) (2) Gross Leasable Area (mm sq. ft.)
(2)
$2,405.5 $4,183.6 19
$1,523.3 $2,714.5 11
$1,428.9 $2,934.4 9
(4)
Leverage:
(Net Debt + Preferred) / EV 8.6%
(5)
42.5%
43.8%
50.7%
Growth Opportunity:
Preferred Vendor Agreement Yes No No No
Source: Company filings (1) Represents 2008E Target Corp stores, distribution facilities and warehouses on TIP REIT land (2) Triple net lease REITs are based on a 20-day trading average stock price as of 10/24/08 (3) Extension option detail not disclosed in company filings (4) Based on 2007A (5) Based on 2009E
88
Movie theatre REIT with AMC Entertainment representing over 50% of gross leasable area AMC has ~6.4x rent adjusted leverage and its bonds trade at a 14.1% yield The movie theatre industry is highly competitive, very consumer sensitive and suffering secular pressures from at-home-entertainment Movie theatres have limited alternative uses
The Pantry Convenience store operator with bankruptcy concerns Junk credit with bonds Caa1 rated by Moodys trading at 14.5% La Petite Academy Child care/learning center operator Operate 570+ education centers in 36 states Childrens World Child care/learning center operator Mostly operating in the Mid-west
(1) Source: Wall Street research
REIT Multiples
TIP REIT will trade at a significant premium to any REIT because of its stability, security, and certain growth
2009E EV/EBITDA
Target Standalone
Note: Target Standalone, Large Cap REITs, and Triple Net Lease REITs stock prices based on 20-day trading average as of 10/24/08
90
TIP REITs only commonality with other REITs is its Tax-Exempt structure
91
Retail Sales per Avg. Store Estimated Four-Wall Operating Costs Ground Lease Expense per Avg. Store Estimated Four-Wall EBIT per Avg. Store Margin (%) New Land Capex New Building Capex Total Investment Estimated Returns on Investment (%)
(1) Assumes $0.9mm of ground lease rent expense, based on $7/sq. ft. lease cost and 131k of store square footage, on average
93
2009 $2.23
17.6%
$3.29
$3.40 3.5%
$3.90 14.8%
$4.57 17.0%
$5.18 13.4%
$5.89 13.8%
14.7%
Memo: Operating Assumptions: Same-store sales Sq. ft. growth Gross Margin SG&A as % of sales
(1) Assumes remaining 53% interest of credit card business sold for $4.4bn on 01/01/09 and all proceeds used to pay down debt (2) Assumes Target Standalone maintains existing dividend policy
94
18
14.7%(1),(2),(3) 14.5%
14.0%
14.0%
Average(4) = 11.9% 13.5% 13.0% 12.9% 12.0% 12.0% 12.0% 11.0% 10.0% 10.0% 9.0% 9.0% 8.0% 8.0%
12
0 Whole Foods
Corp
Kohl's
Standalone
CVS
Lowe's
Staples Walgreens
TJX
Costco
Safeway
Home Depot
Sears
BJ's
Kroger
(1) Represents 20092013 EPS CAGR (2) Assumes additional future share buyback at a constant forward P/E of 16.0x (3) Assumes sale of credit card business for $4.4bn on 1/1/09 and uses proceeds to pay down debt (4) Excludes Target Source: FactSet and Company filings for Retailers, excluding Target
95
ROIC and EPS Growth key value drivers with a direct impact on multiples Improving both metrics concurrently is a powerful value creating combination which should lead to multiple expansion More efficient cash generation results in higher ROIC at virtually same level of risk, resulting in substantial economic value added Increased returns and more efficient cash flow generation allow for additional share buybacks that foster EPS growth Growth does indeed drive multiples, but only when combined with a healthy return on invested capital. (Tim Koller et. al, McKinsey & Co.)
96
Land-only REIT Spin-off is Value Maximizing for Retailers Meeting Certain Criteria
To create the most value from a Land-only REIT spin-off, a retailer must meet certain criteria including very high land ownership, predominantly U.S.-based real estate and retail sales, strong square footage growth in the U.S., and low valuation multiples. Target meets ALL of these criteria Retailer Criteria:
High Land Ownership
Commentary:
Retailers that own most of their land and buildings are ideally suited for a Landonly REIT spin-off Retailers with strong growth opportunities in the U.S. can provide a dependable development pipeline for the Land-only REIT, enhancing the REITs value International real estate is not well suited for a tax-free REIT spin-off, given regulatory issues and tax complications
Application to Target:
Target owns more of its store land and buildings than any other big box retailer in the U.S. Target is one of the fastest growing U.S. big box retailers in the country with mid-to-high single digit expected sq. ft. long-term growth for the foreseeable future Targets real estate is exclusively based in the U.S. Targets EBITDA is generated exclusively from U.S.-based sales Target trades at 6.0x 09E EBITDA versus large cap REITs at 15.7x EBITDA and TIP REIT at 19.3x EBITDA Target is a market share winner with leading retail operations, stable FCF and strong management
Retailers trading at low EV / EBITDA multiples can release the greatest value from the Land-only REIT spin-off Retailers with strong and stable operations will be a high-quality tenant
98
Indeed, many diehard Nordstrom fans came prepared to open up their purses for $545 Moschino shoes and $1,495 Valentino handbags. Kim Calloway, a 38-year-old senior accountant, arrived at 7:50 a.m. and walked out with $1,200 worth of jeans, cosmetics and skin care products, noting that she hasn't cut back on her spending. "I probably should, but I probably won't," she said. Others, warier about the economy, came more for the spectacle. Charlene Stone, 49, of Wexford, an affluent suburb, didn't buy anything but enjoyed looking. Lately, she has been shopping more at discounter Target for her daughter's clothes. "I'm about the bargains," she said.
6.0x
@ $40 (1)
15.7x
Large Cap REITs (1)
Even if Targets valuation multiples normalized over the next 12 18 months to historical levels, Targets Standalone valuation multiples would never reach the expected EV/EBITDA multiples of TIP REIT TIP REIT does not pay taxes and has no maintenance capital requirements Importantly, with 22% of Targets existing EBITDA representing the ground lease rents available to TIP REIT, the separation of TIP REIT would allow for significant shareholder value creation for Target shareholders
(1) Based on a 20-day trading average as of 10/24/08
101
Short-term working capital needs Months / year Est. Incremental costs (pre tax) Estimated annual cost (after tax) Estimated annual cost/share
Inflationadjusted Rent
Based on the current TIPS yield, Target can hedge 20-year inflation risk at ~140bps
Cons
Mitigating Factors:
Target Corp remains investment grade Target Corp can pay down debt and regain an A category credit rating profile in two years
We believe the Pros of doing this Transaction far outweigh the Cons of having a temporarily lower rating. Post-Transaction, the Company will have improved access to capital and lower capital needs. As such, credit ratings will be less material to Target Corp going forward
105
106
Acquisition Risks
Mitigating Factors:
Target Corp remains investment grade Target Corp can pay down debt and achieve a higher credit rating in two years
It is common for a company to pursue an acquisition that greatly increases shareholder value and temporarily lowers ratings to an acceptable investment grade level
107
Mitigating Risk
However, if in the future, unforeseen circumstances dictate otherwise, TIP REIT could be collapsed back into the current structure
In the highly unlikely event that a recombination of Targets real estate with its retail operation would become desirable at some point in the future, an unwind the structure can be effectuated: Post REIT Spin-off: An unwind of the structure could be accomplished with an agreed-upon tax-free merger by the two companies
108
110
Q&A
Appendix
Valuation Summary
$83
$80
$70
TIP REIT
$60 $/Share
74% $40
Target Standalone
TIP REIT
$42
$40
$38
Target Corp Target Corp
$20
$32
$0 Target (20-Day Avg. Price) Target REIT Spin-Off
$23 $34 6.5x 14.2x $27.5 $27.5 4.9% 5.3% 20.5x 19.3x
$42
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) 09E Dividend Yield Cap Rate '09E P/AFFO '09E EV/EBITDA
Target Corp
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) '09E EV/EBITDA '09E P/E
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) '10E EV/EBITDA '10E P/E Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) 10E Dividend Yield Cap Rate '10E P/AFFO '10E EV/EBITDA
For illustrative purposes, assumes Transaction occurs on 01/01/09 (1) Based on 20-day trading average as of 10/24/08; assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card business with proceeds used to pay down debt (2) Based on mid-point of valuation analysis 115
TIP REIT
4.65% 5.15% Dividend Yield on Existing Ground Lease Dividend Yield Based on Sum of CDS Spread and TIPS Yield CY2008 Existing Dividends: $1,354mm 20-year DCF Analysis of Platform 10.50% 12.50% Discount Rate on Platform
26.3
31.4
5.50% 6.25% Cap Rate on Existing Ground Lease Cap Rate Range Based on Precedent Transactions CY2009 Existing NOI: $1,354mm 20-year DCF Analysis of Platform 10.50% 12.50% Discount Rate on Platform
21.7
25.8
27.8
33.6
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
Implied Multiples: CY2009 AFFO CY2009 EBITDA CY2009 Div. Yield Cap Rate
117
9.5% 9.3%
9.5%
38%
4.1% 4.1%
(1) Normalized to exclude incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distribution 118
($mm, except as noted) EBITDA Less: Interest Expense Less: Taxes on Facilities Mgmt. Income Less: Development Capex Total Free Cash Flow Total Cash Total Debt Total Debt / EBITDA EBITDA / Interest Expense Total Debt / Total Real Estate Value Ending Shares Outstanding
2009 1,427 (188) (7) (1,079) 154 3 2,682 1.9x 7.6x 11.1% 722
Calendar Year, 2010 2011 1,533 1,681 (221) (316) (8) (8) (1,008) (1,582) (226) 295 3 3,690 2.4x 6.9x 14.2% 722 3 5,272 3.1x 5.3x 18.6% 722
2012 1,853 (428) (9) (1,863) (447) 3 7,135 3.9x 4.3x 22.9% 722
2013 2,051 (559) (10) (2,190) (709) 3 9,325 4.5x 3.7x 27.0% 722
119
$34.50
$36.50
$38.09
$40.50
$42.50
24,907
26,351
27,500
29,238
30,682
Dividend Yield Assuming Payout Ratio of: 80% of CY 2009 AFFO 90% of CY 2009 AFFO 100% of CY 2009 AFFO Implied Value: Implied Value of Land / Blended Sq. Ft. 225 $111 $117 $122 $130 $137 1,076 1,210 1,344 4.3% 4.9% 5.4% 4.1% 4.6% 5.1% 3.9% 4.4% 4.9% 3.7% 4.1% 4.6% 3.5% 3.9% 4.4%
(1) Normalized to exclude incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distributions
120
121
2009 Incremental Rental Revenues After-tax Facilities Management Income Platform Value G&A Expense Total Capex Free Cash Flow from Platform Terminal Value Discount Rate Terminal Cap Rate Present Value of Platform 12.5% 5.15% $74 12 (20) (1,079) ($1,013)
2010
$145 12 (21) (1,008) ($872) 10.5% 4.65% $2,293
2011
$257 14 (21) (1,582) ($1,332)
2012
$391 15 (22) (1,863) ($1,478)
2013
$551 17 (22) (2,190) ($1,644)
...
$55,047
Existing Ground Lease Platform Value Total TIP REIT Value Implied Enterprise Value Net Debt Implied Equity Value Value per Share
122
123
2009 Incremental Rental Revenues After-tax Facilities Management Income Platform Value G&A Expense Total Capex Free Cash Flow from Platform Terminal Value Discount Rate Terminal Cap Rate Present Value of Platform 12.5% 6.25% $74 12 (20) (1,079) ($1,013)
2010
$145 12 (21) (1,008) ($872) 10.5% 5.50% $1,138
2011
$257 14 (21) (1,582) ($1,332)
2012
$391 15 (22) (1,863) ($1,478)
2013
$551 17 (22) (2,190) ($1,644)
...
$46,540
Existing Ground Lease Platform Value Total TIP REIT Value Implied Enterprise Value Net Debt Implied Equity Value Value per Share
124
Implied Equity Value 2,209 4.9% 45,072 65 8.5% 764 29,791 739 30,529 30,529 Terminal Store Cap Rate 5.15% 4.90% 4.65% Discount Rate 9.00% 29,107 30,529 32,104
Implied Perpetuity Growth Rate (%) Terminal Store Cap Rate 5.15% 4.90% 4.65% Discount Rate 9.00% 3.6 3.8 4.1
(1) Assumes store land 2014E NOI growth equal to 9.4%: NOI includes store related net facilities management income (2) Assumes DCs & WHs land 2014E NOI growth equal to 6.3% NOI includes DCs & WHs related net facilities management income (3) Assumes mid-year convention (4) Normalized to exclude impact of development Capex in exit year
125
4.65% 5.15% Dividend Yield on Existing Ground Lease Dividend Yield Based on Sum of CDS Spread and TIPS Yield CY2009 Existing Dividends: $1,429mm 20-year DCF Analysis of Platform 10.50% 12.50% Discount Rate on Platform Includes normalized dividends of $1,344mm in CY2009
28.0
33.3
5.50% 6.25% Cap Rate on Existing Ground Lease Cap Rate Range Based on Precedent Transactions CY2010 Existing NOI: $1,464mm 20-year DCF Analysis of Platform 10.50% 12.50% Discount Rate on Platform Includes normalized dividends of $1,344mm in CY2009
23.7
28.0
8.0% 10.0% WACC 4.65% 5.15% Terminal Cap Rate Includes normalized dividends of $1,344mm in CY2009
17.5 22.5 27.5
31.2
37.4
32.5
37.5
42.5
Implied Multiples: CY2010 AFFO CY2010 EBITDA CY2010 Div. Yield Cap Rate
126
17.7
23.4
Trading Data 5 Year P/E of 15.9x and 5 Year EV/EBITDA of 8.2x Target 5 Year Historical CY2009 EPS: $2.23 and CY2009 EBITDA: $5,172mm (P/E and EV/EBITDA) Current P/E is 11.8x and current EV/EBITDA is 6.0x Discounted Cash Flow 9.011.0% WACC 6.07.0x Terminal EBITDA Multiple
15.0
25.6
31.5
26.4 25.0
35.4 35.0
Equity Value Enterprise Value Share Price ($/Share) '09 P/E '10 P/E '09 PEG '10 PEG
(1) Based on 20-day average as of October 24, 2008
128
Retail Sales
Retail Sales Growth(%)
64,892
5.6%
68,249
5.2%
73,356
7.5%
80,479
9.7%
88,710
10.2%
98,241
10.7%
9.5%
COGS
Gross Margin (%)
(45,459)
29.9%
(47,777)
30.0%
(51,279)
30.1%
(56,177)
30.2%
(61,919)
30.2%
(68,563)
30.2%
SG&A
SG&A as % of Sales
(13,038)
20.1%
(13,814)
20.2%
(14,740)
20.1%
(16,093)
20.0%
(17,739)
20.0%
(19,646)
20.0%
Retail EBITDAR
Retail EBITDAR Margin (%)
6,395
9.9%
6,657
9.8%
7,337
10.0%
8,208
10.2%
9,051
10.2%
10,033
10.2%
10.8%
11.4%
Depreciation & Amortization Net Interest (Income) / Expense Income Tax Provision Net Income
Net Income Margin (%) Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
15.7%
766 $2.17
722 $2.23
722 $2.67
722 $3.20
707 $3.70
129
($mm)
PF2008
2009E
2012E
2013E
EBITDA Less: Interest Expense Less: Taxes Plus: Decrease in Net Working Capital Plus: Other Less: Maintenance Capex Maintenance Free Cash Flow Less: Growth Capex Total Free Cash Flow Total Cash Total Debt Lease Adj. Debt/EBITDAR Debt/EBITDA EBITDAR/(Interest+Rent) EBITDA/Interest Ending Shares Outstanding Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
4,980 (515) (1,037) 79 73 (1,714) 1,866 (1,112) 754 500 11,455 3.6x 2.3x 3.2x 9.7x 722 766
5,172 (673) (1,004) 79 73 (1,714) 1,933 (1,112) 821 682 10,817 3.5x 2.1x 3.0x 7.7x 722 722
5,751 (611) (1,199) 120 73 (1,827) 2,307 (1,023) 1,284 734 9,584 3.1x 1.7x 3.2x 9.4x 722 722
6,485 (531) (1,441) 167 73 (1,785) 2,967 (1,615) 1,352 805 8,303 2.8x 1.3x 3.5x 12.2x 722 722
7,169 (509) (1,632) 193 73 (1,968) 3,327 (1,902) 1,424 887 8,938 2.8x 1.2x 3.6x 14.1x 693 707
7,968 (623) (1,802) 224 73 (2,179) 3,662 (2,237) 1,425 982 10,078 2.8x 1.3x 3.6x 12.8x 662 677
130
CY 2008 Earnings CY 2009 Earnings CY 2010 Earnings CY 2009 PEG CY 2010 PEG
131
39.98 31.58
28,863 22,800
39,818 33,755
0.61 0.52 0.63 0.63 0.32 0.34 0.28 0.37 0.33 0.33 0.57 0.75 0.24 0.38 0.48 0.47 0.61 0.65 0.69 0.43 0.33 0.72 0.32 0.61 0.20 0.51 0.61 0.47 0.41 0.75 0.20
6.3 6.8 8.4 8.4 6.2 4.9 4.8 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.0 5.8 6.4 3.9 5.3 5.4 7.2 6.5 6.1 6.0 9.2 8.2 5.1 6.1 6.2 6.7 6.2 6.2 6.1 9.2 3.9
0.58 0.49 0.58 0.58 0.30 0.33 0.28 0.34 0.31 0.32 0.58 0.72 0.25 0.39 0.49 0.48 0.57 0.66 0.68 0.40 0.30 0.61 0.29 0.59 0.18 0.47 0.57 0.45 0.39 0.72 0.18
6.0 6.5 7.8 7.8 5.8 4.8 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.7 7.2 4.1 5.6 5.5 6.4 6.7 6.1 5.5 8.4 7.1 4.8 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 8.4 4.1
0.54 0.46 0.55 0.55 0.28 0.32 0.28 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.58 0.69 0.25 0.37 0.47 0.48 0.52 0.64 0.64 0.37 0.28 0.58 0.26 0.55 0.17 0.45 0.52 0.42 0.37 0.69 0.17
5.5 5.9 7.4 7.4 5.6 4.7 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.3 5.4 7.3 3.9 5.5 5.4 5.7 6.0 5.5 5.0 8.0 6.5 4.5 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 8.0 3.9
11.8 14.2 14.4 14.4 12.3 9.3 6.5 14.1 10.6 10.8 9.8 11.3 32.4 8.8 15.6 10.5 10.6 13.2 13.6 10.6 17.8 11.5 9.0 11.5 15.4 12.6 11.5 12.9 11.5 32.4 6.5
10.2 11.8 13.0 13.0 11.2 8.8 6.1 11.2 9.3 10.0 9.1 10.3 43.9 7.4 17.7 9.7 9.4 11.1 11.5 9.5 15.9 9.7 8.0 10.2 13.9 11.0 10.2 12.2 10.2 43.9 6.1
0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.8 3.2 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 3.2 0.7
0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.7 4.4 0.8 1.8 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8 4.4 0.7
14.7 (5) 17.6 (5) 11.0 11.0 9.0 12.0 8.0 16.0 11.3 10.5 8.0 15.0 10.0 9.0 10.5 9.5 14.5 12.0 14.0 13.5 12.9 14.0 12.0 13.0 10.0 12.9 13.0 11.9 12.0 16.0 8.0
1.8 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.9 3.4 1.6 2.2 1.9 3.7 1.0 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.0 0.3 0.9 2.1 0.9 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.5 3.7 0.0
2.0 3.6 1.8 1.8 2.8 2.7 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.1 4.0 2.1 4.0 2.8 3.2 3.4 2.5 2.3 1.4 2.4 1.3 3.5 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 4.0 1.3
Discounters Wal-Mart 54.91 86.0 Mean/Median Supermarkets Kroger 26.08 84.2 Safeway 22.39 62.2 SUPERVALU 18.32 42.3 Whole Foods 15.67 30.7 Mean Median Department Stores Macy's 12.31 36.5 Kohl's 35.31 60.8 Sears 70.38 50.5 JCPenney 25.45 44.3 Mean Median Other Large Cap Retailers CVS 30.13 68.0 Home Depot 21.59 67.8 Lowe's 19.85 69.7 Walgreens 25.63 63.4 Costco 57.95 77.0 Staples 18.08 68.0 Best Buy 28.42 52.7 TJX 27.43 73.1 BJ's 35.16 79.4 Mean Median Mean(6) (6) Median (6) High Low (6)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
216,168 255,900
As of October 24, 2008 Assumes 20-day average stock price, except for Target Corp Assumes sale of credit card business for $4.4bn on 1/1/09 and uses proceeds to pay down debt Implied multiples from midpoint of Target Corp valuation ($20.3bn$25.3bn) Represents 20092013 EPS CAGR Excludes Target
132
133
7.2
7.1
6.7
6.5(2)
6.4
6.1
6.0(3)
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.3
0 Costco Wal-Mart Sears Staples Home Depot CVS Lowe's BJ's TJX Kroger Kohl's Walgreens Macy's Whole Foods Best Buy Safeway SUPERVALU JCPenney
Corp
Standalone
13.2
12.3
11.8(3)
11.5
11.5
11.3
10.6
10.6
9.8
9.3
9.0
8.8
6.5
Corp
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Standalone
As of October 24, 2008 Implied multiple from midpoint of Target Corp valuation ($20.3bn$25.3bn) Represents fiscal year ending January Excludes Target
134
Implied Equity Value 8,824 6.5x 57,357 35,614 6,073 41,687 (11,455) 500 30,732 Terminal Multiple 6.0x 6.5x 7.0x 9.00% 29,668 32,536 35,403 Discount Rate 10.00% 27,993 30,732 33,472 11.00% 26,404 29,022 31,641
Implied Perpetuity Growth Rate (%) 5 Terminal Multiple 6.0x 6.5x 7.0x 9.00% 2.4 2.9 3.3 Discount Rate 10.00% 3.3 3.8 4.2 11.00% 4.2 4.7 5.1
Notes: 2 3 4 5
1 Assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables for $4.4bn; ongoing royalty stream of $150mm Assumes 2014E EBITDA growth equal to 2013E growth Assumes mid-year convention Assumes $4.4bn of proceeds from sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables used to pay down debt Assumes capital expenditures equal to depreciation and amortization in perpetuity
135
24.4
35.9
25.0
30.8
Trading Data 5 Year P/E of 15.9x and 5 Year EV/EBITDA of 8.2x Target 5 Year Historical CY2010 EPS: $2.67 and CY2010 EBITDA: $5,751mm (P/E and EV/EBITDA) Current P/E is 11.8x and current EV/EBITDA is 6.0x Discounted Cash Flow 9.011.0% WACC 6.57.5x Terminal EBITDA Multiple
22.0 27.0
30.6
37.0
42.3 42.0
Equity Value Enterprise Value Share Price ($/Share) '10 P/E '10 PEG '10 EV/EBITDA
136
139
143
Supporting Data
Storelevel ROIC
P&L Data:
($mm) Standalone 2007A Pro Forma 2007A
Retail Sales Retail Gross Margin Retail EBIT Plus: Advertising (50% of Consolidated) Plus: Buying Group Expense and Occupancy Expense Less: Incremental Ground Lease Rent (Stores) Less: Incremental Ground Lease Rent (DCs & WHs) Plus: Estimated Corporate G&A % of Revenues Plus: Estimated Distribution Center Costs % of Revenues Estimated Four-Wall Retail EBIT Store Level Operating Data and Assumptions:
($mm)
$61,471 19,576 $4,213 598 1,321 --615 1.0% 2,459 4.0% $9,040
Standalone 2007A
$61,471 19,576 $4,213 598 1,321 (1,235) (1) (46) (2) 615 1.0% 2,505 4.1% $7,970
Pro Forma 2007A
Retail Sales per Avg. Store Memo: Avg. # of Stores Estimated Four-Wall Operating Costs per Avg. Store Ground Lease Expense per Avg. Store Estimated Four-Wall EBIT per Avg. Store Margin New Land Capex New Building Capex Total Investment Est. Pre-Tax Unlevered Returns on Investment
(1) Assumes $1.2bn of ground lease rent expense from stores, based on $7/sq. ft. lease cost, 131k of square footage per store and 1,350 stores, on average; implying a cap rate of 7.0% (2) Assumes $46mm of ground lease rent expense from DCs & WHs, based on $1.25/sq. ft. lease cost, 1.4mm of square footage per DC & WH and 26 DCs & WHs, on average 145
Buffets
Restaurant
WR / NR
9.8
0.8
0.3
In default
March 31, 2008: Buffets auditor raises "going concern" doubt January 22, 2008: Buffets files for bankruptcy Moodys does not expect Kerasotes to become free cash flow positive until after 2009 July 17, 2008: Moody's downgrades Pantry's Corporate Family Rating to B2 and assigned a negative rating outlook. April 9, 2008: Merrill Lynch reduces its investment rating on The Pantry to Sell June 26, 2008: Morgan Stanley Private Equity acquires a 60% stake in Learning Care Group Inc., the parent company of La Petite Academy na
Movie Theater
B1/ B-
na
na
na
na
Convenience Store
WR / B+
6.5 4
2.4
1.2
14.5
La Petite Academy
Education Services
WR/NR
na
na
na
na
Children's World
Education Services
na / na
na
Adj. Debt/ LTM EBITDAR (x)
na
LTM EBITDA/ Interest (x)
na
LTM EBIT/ Interest (x)
na
Yield (%)
Tenant
Moody's / S&P
Commentary
11 9
WR / B+ B3 / B+
6.5 6.1
2.4 2.7
1.2 1.4
14.5 14.3
See above August 6, 2008: Susser reports earnings; Free Cash Flow for Susser Holdings deteriorates 19.1% See above
5 4 4
% of Total GLA
B1/ Bna / na na / na
na na na
Adj. Debt/ LTM EBITDAR (x)
na na na
LTM EBITDA/ Interest (x)
na na na
LTM EBIT/ Interest (x)
na na na
Yield (%)
Tenant
Industry
Moody's / S&P
Commentary
AMC Entertainment Regal (NYSE: RGC) Rave Motion Pictures Consolidated Theaters Muvico
Source: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
51 7 6 5
5
Movie Theater Movie Theater Movie Theater Movie Theater Movie Theater
WR / NR B2 / BBna / na na / na na / na
6.4 5.7 na na na
2.6 4.3 na na na
0.9 2.7 na na na
14.1 10.7 na na na
35
Real industry revenue is expected to decline at an average annual rate of 1.8% over the next 5 years The industry is in a mature phase of its development, as witnessed by the recent significant operator site and screen consolidation process associated with the filing for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection by most major operators in the early 2000s.
Company filings and Wall Street research Bloomberg as of October 24, 2008 Company filings Yield to Maturity of the most liquid security with the largest outstanding amount based on Interactive Data Rent Expense as of last fiscal year reported Wall Street research as of May 5, 2008
146
Model Standalone
2009 68,249
5.2%
2012 88,710
10.2%
2013 98,241
10.7%
Credit Revenue
Credit Sales Growth
(1,936)
150
5.2%
161
7.5%
177
9.7%
195
10.2%
216
10.7%
Total Revenue
Total Revenue Growth
68,399
5.2%
73,517
7.5%
80,655
9.7%
88,905
10.2%
98,457
10.7%
COGS
% of Retail Sales
47,777
70.0%
51,279
69.9%
56,177
69.8%
61,919
69.8%
68,563
69.8%
12,392
20.2%
13,058
20.1%
13,058
20.1%
13,834
20.3%
14,761
20.1%
16,115
20.0%
17,761
20.0%
19,668
20.0%
Credit Expenses
% of Credit Revenue
950
50.1%
1,460
70.2%
(1,460)
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Retail EBITDAR
Retail EBITDAR Margin (%)
6,150
10.0%
6,375
9.8%
6,375
9.8%
6,637
9.7%
7,316
10.0%
8,187
10.2%
9,029
10.2%
10,011
10.2%
Credit EBITDAR
Credit EBITDAR Margin (%)
946
49.9%
619
29.8%
(476)
143
100.0%
150
100.0%
161
100.0%
177
100.0%
195
100.0%
216
100.0%
EBITDAR
EBITDAR Margin (%)
7,096
11.2%
6,993
10.4%
6,517
10.0%
6,787
9.9%
7,478
10.2%
8,364
10.4%
9,224
10.4%
10,227
10.4%
165 6,931
10.9%
169 6,824
10.2%
169 6,348
9.8%
173 6,614
9.7%
178 7,300
9.9%
182 8,182
10.1%
187 9,038
10.2%
191 10,036
10.2%
11.0%
1,659
2.7%
1,807
2.8%
1,807
2.8%
1,940
2.8%
2,085
2.8%
2,288
2.8%
2,522
2.8%
2,793
2.8%
11.6%
Net Income
Net Income Margin (%)
2,849
4.5%
2,539
3.8%
2,517
3.9%
2,452
3.6%
2,767
3.8%
3,139
3.9%
3,461
3.9%
3,844
3.9%
11.9%
Current Diluted Shares Outstanding Shares Repurchase Share Repurchase from Options
Total Shares Outstanding Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
6.71
14.7%
148
149
($mm) EBITDA less: Interest Expense less: Taxes Share-based Compensation less: Increase in Net Working Capital less: Increase Funding of CC Growth Cash Flow from Operating Activities Capital Expenditures Cash Flow from Investing Activities Issuance of Debt Repayment of Debt Issuance of Equity / (Buy Back) Issuance of Dividends to Common Cash Flow from Financing Activities Beginning Cash Balance Change in Cash Ending Cash Balance Average Cash Balance Interest Income
2009 6,614 (694) (1,528) 73 79 0 4,544 (3,905) (3,905) 0 0 (99) (433) (532) 500 107 607 554 17
2012 9,038 (897) (2,158) 73 193 0 6,249 (5,732) (5,732) 1,750 0 (1,713) (481) (444) 716 73 790 753 23
2013 10,036 (1,003) (2,396) 73 224 0 6,933 (6,605) (6,605) 1,750 0 (1,498) (496) (243) 790 85 874 832 25
3.0%
150
Sales Buildup Square Feet (mm) $ / Sq. Ft. Retail Sales Implied Retail Sales Growth (%) Sq. Footage Growth (%) SSS Growth (%) CapEx Buildup Total System CapEx
CapEx as % of Retail Sales
Calendar Year, 2010 2011 241 256 304 314 73,356 80,479 7.5% 4.1% 3.3% 2010 3,858
5.3%
2008 4,112
6.3%
Credit Metrics Lease Adjusted Debt Actual Debt Total Lease Adjusted Debt Total Lease Adjusted Debt/EBITDAR Total Debt / EBITDA EBITDAR / (Interest + Rent) EBITDA / Interest
8x
Status Quo CY2007 1,320 17,090 18,410 2.6 x 2.5 x 8.7 x 10.7 x
Status Quo CY2008 1,353 19,455 20,808 3.0 x 2.9 x 6.0 x 6.9 x
Pro Forma CY2008 1,353 11,455 12,808 2.0 x 1.8 x 9.0 x 11.4 x
151
9.5% 9.3%
9.5%
38%
4.1% 4.1%
(1) Normalized to exclude incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distribution 153
($mm, except as noted) Real Estate: Gross Existing Properties - Land & Improvements Maintenance Capex Development Properties - Land & Improvements Accumulated Depreciation Net Real Estate Asset Cash Total Assets Debt: Revolver New Debt Total Debt Common Equity Retained Earnings (Deficit) Total Equity Total Liabilities & Equity
Pro Forma CY2008 12,228 (846) 11,382 11,382 11,382 11,382 11,382
2009 12,228 1,079 (901) 12,405 3 12,408 3 2,679 2,682 11,382 (1,656) 9,727 12,408
Calendar Year, 2010 2011 12,228 2,087 (970) 13,345 3 13,348 3 3,687 3,690 11,382 (1,724) 9,658 13,348 12,228 3,669 (1,058) 14,839 3 14,842 3 5,269 5,272 11,382 (1,812) 9,570 14,842
2012 12,228 5,532 (1,169) 16,590 3 16,593 3 7,132 7,135 11,382 (1,924) 9,459 16,593
2013 12,228 7,722 (1,308) 18,641 3 18,644 3 9,322 9,325 11,382 (2,063) 9,320 18,644
10.7%
10.7%
154
($mm, except as noted) Cash Flow from Operating Activities: EBITDA Less: Interest Expense Less: Taxes on Facilities Mgmt. Income Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities Cash Flow from Investing Activities: Development Capex Maintenance Capex Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities Cash Flow from Financing Activities: Debt Financing: Increase (Decrease) in Revolver Increase (Decrease) in New Debt Equity Financing: Increase (Decrease) in Common Equity Dividends on Common Special Dividends Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities Beginning Cash Balance Net Change in Cash Ending Cash Balance
2009 1,353 (205) (7) 1,141 1,427 (188) (7) 1,232 (1,079) (1,079)
Calendar Year, 2010 2011 1,533 (221) (8) 1,304 (1,008) (1,008) 1,681 (316) (8) 1,356 (1,582) (1,582)
4.7%
19.4%
155
5.9%
189 189
6.8%
Total Combined DCs & WHs - Sq. Ft. Count Owned DCs & WHs 25 Combined (Ground-leased) DCs & WHs 1 Third-party Leased DCs & WHs 5 Total Combined DCs & WHs Square Footage Total DCs & WHs Sq. Ft. vs. Total Combined Stores Sq. Ft. TIP REIT DCs & WHs - Sq. Ft. Count Owned DCs & WHs 25 Total TIP REIT DCs & WHs Square Footage Total TIP REIT DCs & WHs Square Footage Growth Rent / Square Foot - Store Land CPI Growth Average Growth TIP REIT Revenues from Ground-leased Land Rent / Square Foot - DCs & WHs Land CPI Growth Average Growth TIP REIT Revenues from Ground-leased DCs & WHs Total TIP REIT Gross Revenues Yes
35 1 7 44 19.7% 35 35
3.1%
3.7%
$7.00
1,325 $1.25
44 1,369
156
TIP REIT Model FFO & AFFO Reconciliations, Credit Statistics and Implied Metrics
FFO & AFFO Reconciliations: Net Income Plus: Depreciation & Amortization Funds from Operations Ending Shares Outstanding FFO / Share Less: Maintenance Capex Adjusted Funds from Operations Normalized AFFO (1) Pro Forma CY2008 1,099 42 1,141 721.9 $1.58 1,141 1,253 2009 1,177 56 1,232 721.9 $1.71 1,232 1,344 Calendar Year, 2010 2011 1,235 1,268 68 88 1,304 1,356 721.9 $1.81 1,304 1,400 721.9 $1.88 1,356 1,452 2012 1,304 111 1,415 721.9 $1.96 1,415 1,511 2013 1,342 139 1,481 721.9 $2.05 1,481 1,577 CAGR '09 - '13 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.1%
Credit Statistics: Coverage: EBITDA / Interest Expense (EBITDA - Maintenance Capex) / Interest Expense Leverage: Total Debt / EBITDA Capitalization: Total Debt / Total Real Estate Value (NOI capped at 6.0% and 8.5% for store land and DCs & WHs land, respectively) Implied Metrics: Incremental Stores Square Footage SuperTarget Stores 50.0% Implied New Combined SuperTarget Stores 0.177 % of Total New Stores Built Combined Total Number of SuperTarget Stores
General Merchandise Stores 50.0% Implied New Combined GM Stores 0.124 Sq. Ft. / GM % of Total New Stores Built Combined Total Number of General Merchandise Stores Total Implied New Stores Cumulative Combined Total Implied Stores Incremental DCs & WHs Square Footage Implied Combined New DCs & WHs Total Implied New DCs & WHs Cumulative Combined Total Implied DCs & WHs 1.408
1,444 1,683
31
1 32
(1) Normalized to exclude incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distribution 157
($mm, except as noted) Total Combined Expenditures Maintenance / Retail Capital Expenditures Target Corp - Store Buildings TIP REIT Development Capital Expenditures Target Corp Building - Store and DCs & WHs TIP REIT Land - Store and DCs & WHs Target Corp - Other TIP REIT Land - Store Store Land Cost per Square Foot TIP REIT Land - DCs & WHs DCs & WHs Land Cost per Square Foot TIP REIT Land - Store TIP REIT Land - DCs & WHs Total Development Capex Development Financing Sources: Debt Financing Equity Financing 100% 0% Yes Yes 71.4% 28.6% 0.0%
2009 3,905 1,714 1,714 2,191 1,112 1,079 1,056 $102.50 22 $14.35 1,056 22 1,079 1,079 -
Calendar Year, 2010 2011 3,858 4,982 1,827 1,827 2,031 1,023 1,008 999 $105.06 10 $14.71 999 10 1,008 1,008 1,785 1,785 3,198 1,615 1,582 1,560 $107.69 22 $15.08 1,560 22 1,582 1,582 -
2012 5,732 1,968 1,968 3,765 1,902 1,863 1,836 $110.38 26 $15.45 1,836 26 1,863 1,863 -
2013 6,605 2,179 2,179 4,426 2,237 2,190 2,158 $113.14 31 $15.84 2,158 31 2,190 2,190 -
19.2%
$14.00
19.4%
158
REIT Adj.
2009 68,249
5.2%
2012 88,710
10.2%
2013 98,241
10.7%
Credit Revenue
Credit Sales Growth
(1,936)
150
5.2%
161
7.5%
177
9.7%
195
10.2%
216
10.7%
Total Revenue
Total Revenue Growth
65,034 45,459
70.1%
68,399
5.2%
73,517
7.5%
80,655
9.7%
88,905
10.2%
98,457
10.7%
COGS
% of Retail Sales
47,777
70.0%
51,279
69.9%
56,177
69.8%
61,919
69.8%
68,563
69.8%
13,058
20.1%
(20) (1,460)
13,038
20.1%
13,814
20.2%
14,740
20.1%
16,093
20.0%
17,739
20.0%
19,646
20.0%
Credit Expenses
% of Credit Revenue
1,460
70.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Retail EBITDAR
Retail EBITDAR Margin (%)
6,375
9.8%
6,395
9.9%
6,657
9.8%
7,337
10.0%
8,208
10.2%
9,051
10.2%
10,033
10.2%
Credit EBITDAR
Credit EBITDAR Margin (%)
619
29.8%
(476)
143
na
150
na
161
na
177
na
195
na
216
na
EBITDAR (Pre-spin)
EBITDAR Margin (%)
6,993
10.4%
6,537
10.1%
6,807
10.0%
7,498
10.2%
8,385
10.4%
9,246
10.4%
10,249
10.4%
Current Embedded Facility Management Costs External Facility Mgmt. Payments to TIP REIT Current Rent Expense Additional Rent Expense Pro Forma EBITDA (Post-spin)
EBITDA Margin (%)
11.4%
(42)
1,765
2.7%
1,884
2.7%
2,017
2.7%
2,199
2.7%
2,410
2.7%
2,654
2.7%
12.8%
Net Income
Net Income Margin (%)
2,539
3.8%
1,663
2.6%
1,611
2.4%
1,924
2.6%
2,312
2.9%
2,618
2.9%
2,890
2.9%
15.7%
4.92
17.6%
160
161
3.0%
162
Calendar Year, 2010 2011 241 256 304 314 73,356 80,479 7.5% 4.1% 3.3% 2010 3,858
5.3%
2008 4,112
6.3%
2009 3,905
5.7%
Maintenance/Retail CapEx Additional Cap Ex TOTAL Maintenance/Retail CapEx Target Corp TIP REIT (Existing DC & WH) Development CapEx Buildings (Tgt Corp) Land Target Corp TIP REIT Other (Target Corp) % of Development % of Development
% of total
35.0%
1,439
65.0%
% of Development
0%
Facilities Management Business ($mm) Total Current Costs Growth % Markup to TIP REIT Facilities Management Revenue to TIP REIT Credit Metrics Lease Adjusted Debt Actual Debt Total Lease Adjusted Debt Total Lease Adjusted Debt/EBITDAR Total Debt / EBITDA EBITDAR / (Interest + Rent) EBITDA / Interest
8x
163
Disclaimer
The information contained in this presentation (the Information) is based on publicly available information about Target Corporation (Target). None of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P., its affiliates and any of their respective officers, directors and employees (collectively, Pershing), nor any representative of Pershing, has independently verified any of the Information. Pershing recognizes that there may be confidential or otherwise non-public information in Targets possession that could lead others to disagree with Pershings conclusions. The sole purpose of presenting the Information is to inform interested parties about the transaction described in this presentation (the Transaction). This presentation does not constitute an offer or a solicitation of any kind. Neither Pershing nor any of its representatives makes any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the Information or any other written or oral communication made in connection with this presentation or the Transaction. The Information includes certain forward-looking statements, estimates and projections with respect to the anticipated future financial, operating and stock market performance of Target in the absence of the Transaction and the two public companies that may result if the Transaction is completed. Such statements, estimates and projections may prove to be substantially inaccurate, reflect significant assumptions and judgments that may prove to be substantially inaccurate, and are subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies beyond Pershings control, including those described under the caption Risk Factors in Targets filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as general economic, credit, capital and stock market conditions, competitive pressures, geopolitical conditions, inflation, interest rate fluctuations, regulatory and tax matters and other factors. Pershing and its representatives expressly disclaim any and all liability relating to or resulting from the use of the Information or any errors therein or omissions therefrom, including under applicable securities laws. The Information does not purport to include all information that may be material with respect to the Transaction or Target. Thus, shareholders and others should conduct their own independent investigation and analysis of Target, the Transaction and the Information. The Information is not intended to provide the basis for fully evaluating, and should not be considered a recommendation with respect to, the Transaction, Target, the securities of Target or any other matter. Except where otherwise indicated, the Information speaks as of the date hereof. Neither Pershing nor any of its representatives undertakes any obligation to correct, update or revise the Information or to otherwise provide any additional materials. The preparation and distribution of this presentation should not be taken as any form of commitment on the part of Pershing to take any action in connection with the Transaction. Pershing is in the business of buying and selling securities. It has, and may in the future, buy, sell or change the form of its position in Target for any or no reason. IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: To ensure compliance with requirements imposed by the IRS, we inform you that (i) any discussion of U.S. tax matters contained in this communication (including any attachments) is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of avoiding penalties under the Internal Revenue Code; (ii) any such discussion of tax matters is written in connection with the promotion or marketing of the matters addressed; and (iii) you should seek advice from an independent advisor.
1
Recent Events
On October 29, 2008, Pershing presented A TIP for Target Shareholders, which detailed a potential Transaction (October 29th Transaction) that would create long-term value for Target Corporation and its shareholders After the presentation, Target expressed concerns regarding the October 29th Transaction Since then, Pershing has met with Target, members of its Board, as well as Retail and Real Estate investors We have received valuable feedback from these meetings Today, we will present a Revised Transaction that addresses Targets concerns, incorporates feedback from the investment community, and creates great value for Target shareholders
2
Agenda
Review of the October 29th Transaction Targets Concerns A Revised Transaction Benefits of the Revised Transaction Appendix
Objectives
In reviewing alternatives for Target, Pershing Squares objective was to eliminate the stock markets ascribed discount to the intrinsic value of Targets real estate and allow the Company to: Retain complete control of its buildings and its brand Retain 100% flexibility with respect to its construction, remodeling, and relocation plans Improve the Companys free cash flow and access to capital Increase the Companys ROIC and lower its cost of capital Maintain an investment grade credit rating Increase the Companys EPS growth rate Minimize tax leakage and friction costs
6
PreSpin
TARGET Shareholders
PostSpin
TARGET Shareholders
TARGET
TARGET Corp
Ground Leases
Owned Buildings 1
Land
New Target Corp owns its buildings on 75-year ground leases Outsources Facilities Management Services Continues to maintain properties
Leases back land to Target Corp through a Master Lease for a 75-year term Elects REIT status at the time of spin-off Becomes Target Corps outsourced facilities management provider Becomes Targets exclusive land developer for the first two years
After two years, becomes Target Corps Preferred Vendor for land procurement
5.8x
$37/Share (1)
14.5x
Large Cap REITs (1)
17.0x
Recent Big Box Ground Lease (2)
35.7x
Inflation Protected Treasury Securities (TIPS) (3)
The Transaction creates immense and instant value because 22% of Targets current EBITDA will be valued at a significantly higher multiple than where Target trades today
Note: Target valuation assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables for $4.4bn, with Target retaining $150mm of credit card EBITDA (1) Based on a 20-day trading average as of 11/14/08 (2) Based on mid-point precedent cap rate of 5.9% 8 (3) Based on current 20-year TIP yield of 2.8% as of 11/14/08
Valuation Summary
$80
$80
$67
$60 $/Share
TIP REIT
81% $37
Target Standalone
TIP REIT
$39
$40
$36
Target Corp Target Corp
$20
$31
$0 Target (20-Day Avg. Price) TIP REIT Spin-Off
$24 $33 6.5x 14.7x $27 $27 5.0% 5.4% 20.0x 19.1x
$41
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) 09E Dividend Yield Cap Rate '09E P/AFFO '09E EV/EBITDA
Target Corp
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) '09E EV/EBITDA '09E P/E
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) '10E EV/EBITDA '10E P/E Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) 10E Dividend Yield Cap Rate '10E P/AFFO '10E EV/EBITDA
Note: Target valuation assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables for $4.4bn For illustrative purposes, assumes Spin-off Transaction occurs on 01/01/09 (1) Based on 20-day trading average as of 11/14/08; assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card business with proceeds used to pay down debt (2) Based on mid-point of valuation analysis 9
TIP REIT
Even ignoring valuation benefits, there are important strategic reasons to consummate the Transaction
10
11
Cash Flow Impact on Key Affected Metrics Incremental After-Tax Rent Expense Dividends Paid Land Development Capex Net Impact to Cash Flow
888 $888
(1) Assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables for $4.4bn on 01/01/09, with Target retaining $150mm of credit card EBITDA in 09E
12
6. Creates over $510mm of tax savings in the first year post transaction
Optimizes ownership of land, a non-depreciable asset, through a REIT structure
(1) Assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables for $4.4bn on 01/01/09, with proceeds used to pay down debt
13
(1) Excludes $112mm (approximately $0.15/share) of incremental interest expense due to CY2009 cash E&P distribution
14
Given its market cap, TIP REIT will be owned by S&P 500 index funds, large cap funds, real estate index funds, yield-oriented investors, and investors seeking inflation-protected assets
(1) As of November 14, 2008 (2) Represents non-financial companies in the S&P 500 with market caps greater than $20bn (3) Based on 2009E dividends
16
Yes, typically 10% or more of leases up for renewal annually Yes, typically 8% of EBITDA No preferred arrangement None. Owns both land buildings
20-Year TIPS
Backed by federal government Payment based on CPI adjusted principal 20 years Interest payment required by law Over $450bn market (1) No Yes (tax on inflation adj. principal)
Backed by highly-rated Target Corp $39bn of Lease Security or 145% TIP REITs EV at 5.0% dividend yield Rent income adjusted for CPI 75-year lease term REIT dividend payment required by law $27bn market cap Yes No
20
Targets Concerns
Target expressed the following concerns regarding the October 29th Transaction:
Concern 1. Valuation Managements Commentary
The validity of assumptions supporting Pershing Square's market valuation of Target and the separate REIT entity The reduction in Target's financial flexibility due to the conveyance of valuable assets to the REIT and the large expense obligation created by the proposed lease payments which are subject to annual increase The adverse impact that the company believes the proposed structure would have on Target's debt ratings, borrowing costs and liquidity, exacerbated by current market conditions
2. Reduction in Targets financial flexibility and inflation risk 3. Credit ratings, borrowing costs, and liquidity
22
The frictional costs and operational risks, including tax implications, of executing Pershing Square's ideas
5. Management diversion
The risk of diverting management's focus away from core business operations over an extended time period to execute such a complex transaction, particularly in the current environment
23
A Revised Transaction
(1) TIP REIT assumes a portion of Target liabilities. This could include a portion of Targets debt (2) TIP REIT will lease land to Target Corp (i.e. the parent company) (3) Non-REIT assets (e.g., the Facilities Management Services) will be placed in a taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS) 25
Credit ratings impact: Target Corp will maintain its A+/A2 credit rating
At an opportune time (either pre- or post-IPO), Target sells remaining 53% interest in its credit card receivables For this analysis, we have assumed $4.4bn of proceeds from the sale
$ in billions Gross Receivables CY 2008E Allowance Net Receivables CY 2008E 53% Interest at Net Book Value $9.0 (0.8) $8.2 $4.4
$1.6bn of cash proceeds from the IPO is left on TIP REITs balance sheet
(1) Assumes TIP REIT funds land development capital expenditures of approximately $0.9bn post-IPO using debt
26
By December 31 of the calendar year of spin-off, TIP REIT pays a $1.6bn cash E&P dividend to TIP REIT shareholders
Note: Cash E&P dividend could be materially lower than $1.6bn The REIT industry group has requested the Treasury Department to issue a rule allowing low-cash stock-cash dividends If granted, this rule would reduce the cash portion of TIP REITs E&P dividend to as little as $400mm
27
(2)
(3)
(4)
(1) Calculation based on allocating and subsequently paying down $3.0bn of debt (2) Calculation based on adding net proceeds of $4.6bn to captive TIP REIT equity value of $24.0bn; assumes cash balance of $1.6bn at TIP REIT upon IPO (3) Assumes a 19.9% IPO of TIP REIT at a 15% IPO discount; net of paying $500mm after-tax frictional costs and fees, IPO proceeds are $4.6bn (4) Assumes approximately $350mm of after-tax frictional costs and $150mm of IPO fees
28
(1) Reflects cash flow generated after working capital, capex, and dividends; assumes maintenance of $500mm minimum cash balance; assumes TIP REIT funds land development capital expenditures of approximately $0.9bn by issuing debt during the first year post-IPO
29
($bn) JPMorgan GAAP Liability Credit Card Securitized Debt Unsecured Debt (1) Ending Debt Plus: Lease Adjusted Debt (8x Total Lease Expense) Ending Lease Adj. Debt Lease Adj. Total Debt / EBITDAR Expected Ratings Profile Memo: Rent Expense
Pro Forma Target Corp Post Spin-off 5.0 $5.0 13.6 $18.7 2.6x
(3)
Illustrative Timeline
2009CY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2010CY Jan Nov Dec
Step 3: Sale of 53% Interest in CC Receivables Step 4: Debt Paydown Step 5: Spin-off of TIP REIT
Target enters into inflation-swap agreement Tax-free spin-off of remaining >80% interest in TIP REIT
31
Valuation Analysis
$79
$80
$65
TIP REIT
$60 $/Share
77% $37
$33
$40
$30
Target Corp Target Corp
$20
Target Standalone
$35
TIP REIT IPO
$26 $33 6.5x 15.1x $29 $27 5.0% 5.4% 20.0x 19.1x
$46
12-Month Future Price / TIP REIT Spin-Off
$35 $39 7.0x 16.8x $31 $30 4.8% 5.1% 21.0x 20.1x
Note: Target valuation assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card receivables for $4.4bn, with Target retaining $150mm of credit card EBITDA For illustrative purposes, assumes 19.9% REIT IPO occurs on 01/01/09 and full REIT Spin-off occurs on 01/01/10 (1) Based on 20-day trading average as of 11/14/08; assumes sale of remaining 53% interest on credit card business with proceeds used to pay down debt (2) Based on mid-point of valuation analysis (3) Based on Adjusted Equity Value excluding cash balance of $1.6bn reserved for E&P distribution in 2010E 32
TIP REIT
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) (3) 09E Dividend Yield Cap Rate (3) '09E P/AFFO '09E EV/EBITDA
Target Corp
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) '09E EV/EBITDA '09E P/E
Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) '10E EV/EBITDA '10E P/E Equity Value ($bn) Enterprise Value ($bn) (3) 10E Dividend Yield Cap Rate (3) '10E P/AFFO '10E EV/EBITDA
7.5% $52 56 59 62 66
7.0% $54 57 60 64 67
6.5% $55 59 62 65 69
6.0% $57 61 64 67 70
5.5% $59 63 66 69 73
5.0% $62 65 68 72 75
4.5% $65 69 72 75 78
5.0% 4.5% 67% 76% 77% 85% 85% 94% 94% 103% 103% 112%
Pros
Meaningfully accretive on all key measures (EPS, FCF/share) Maintains A category credit rating More than doubles dividends: $0.64/share today to $1.49 (1) share in 2010 Improves capital access and decreases the need for growth capital at Target Corp Reduces taxes by over $510mm Improves Targets ROIC and EPS growth Increases the total stock price from $37/share to $79/share by 2010
(1) Assumes a 19.9% IPO which increases TIP REITs shares outstanding to approximately 940mm shares from 755mm shares pre-IPO (2) Assumes a 15% IPO discount and a 19.9% IPO 37
Cons
Dilution:
<20% IPO of TIP REIT results in some dilution to Target shareholders, versus the October 29th Transaction proposal, equivalent to ~$1.50 per share in total value (2) Certain benefits such as reduced taxes and increased dividends wont be fully achieved until the spinoff is complete
Mitigating Factors: In the context of total value creation from Targets $37 stock price, the dilution is minimal Despite the longer transaction plan, the increased flexibility afforded to Target will significantly reduce execution risks
Borrowing costs will not be impacted by the Revised Transaction The Revised Transaction offers several key credit benefits:
Targets liquidity is significantly increased given IPO proceeds Targets access to and cost of capital is improved by the formation of TIP REIT
40
The Transaction is akin to placing a master ground lease on Targets stores. It will be completely transparent and seamless to Targets core business IPO and eventual spin-off of TIP REIT will not distract Targets core business teams: Merchandising / purchasing Vast majority of Targets team Marketing members will be Regional and store-level uninvolved
IT / systems / administration
42
This Transaction will best position Target to benefit from a weak competitive environment
Given potential retailer bankruptcies, Target can use the liquidity provided by TIP REIT to acquire real estate that might be for sale at substantial discounts in the next 12-18 months
The risk of the status quo is that Target may lose access to capital and not be able take advantage of the current environment
43
To achieve a TIP REIT IPO in Q3 2009, the Company will need to authorize work on this Revised Transaction in the beginning of 2009 In 2009, there could be opportunities for Target to benefit from a weak competitive landscape
TIP REIT needs to be in place for the Company to best do so
44
Appendix
PostTransaction
TARGET Shareholders >80%
TARGET
TARGET Corp
Ground Leases
Owned Buildings 1
Land
New Target Corp owns its buildings on 75-year ground leases Outsources Facilities Management Services Continues to maintain properties
Leases back land to Target Corp through a Master Lease for a 75-year term Elects REIT status at the time of IPO Becomes Target Corps outsourced facilities management provider Becomes Target Corps Preferred Vendor for land procurement
Transaction Description Step 1a: The existing company (Target Corp) forms a new subsidiary (TIP REIT) and transfers to it the Facilities Management Services business, the owned land under the stores, and the owned land under the distribution facilities TIP REIT will assume a portion of Targets liabilities Step 1b: TIP REIT leases the land back to Target Corp (i.e. the parent company) through a Master Lease for a 75-year term
Land
TIP REIT 1a
Master Lease
Land
Step 2a: After some period of time, TIP REIT offers up to 19.9% of its shares in a primary IPO for cash Cash proceeds could be retained for corporate business purposes or used to reduce TIP REIT debt Step 2b: TIP REIT elects REIT status effective immediately Simultaneously, TIP REIT drops the Facilities Management Services business into a new corporation, a taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS)
50
Land
Transaction Description
Step 3: Target Corp sells the remaining 53% interest in the credit card receivables business to an Investment Partner Step 4: Target Corp pays down debt using proceeds from the credit card receivables and the TIP REIT pays down assumed debt using proceeds from the TIP REIT IPO Step 5: Target Corp spins off its remaining >80.1% interest in TIP REIT to its shareholders pro rata and tax-free Step 6: TIP REIT pays a taxable dividend (at the dividend tax rate to non-corporate taxpayers) to shareholders equal to its allocated portion of Targets $16bn of retained Earnings and Profits (E&P), estimated to be $8bn based on the implied mid-point valuation of TIP REIT/Target Corp 20% of the dividend ($1.6bn) may be paid in cash with the remaining paid in TIP REIT common stock This cash dividend can be deferred until the end of the calendar year in which the spin-off occurs
51
5
Tax-free Spin-off of TIP REIT shares held by Target
Target Corp
>80%
<20%
TIP REIT
Land
<20%
>80%
TIP REIT
Target Corp
Land
75-year Lease
Why are Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) the Best Comparable Security to TIP REIT?
1.95% 2.45%
4.75% 5.25%
The current TIPS yield of 2.8% implies an expected 20-year inflation rate of only 1.6%. If the expected 20-year inflation rate increased to 2.0% and the 20-year Treasury rate remained constant, then the 20-year TIPS would yield 2.4% and TIP REIT would yield 4.35% 4.85%. The higher the inflation rate, the more valuable TIP REIT will be
53
2010
$122 12 (21) (830) ($716)
2011
$233 14 (21) (1,539) ($1,313)
2012
$366 15 (22) (1,801) ($1,442)
2013
$524 17 (22) (2,117) ($1,599)
...
$52,694
Land Developer
$2/share
$38/share
5.1%
(1) At mid-point valuation (2) Implied yield calculated based on NOI / Implied value
55
$67
TIP REIT
$36
Target Corp
Using a TIPS-based valuation analysis, our mid-point valuation price of $36/share excludes the value of TIP REITs development platform
$31
TIP REIT Spin-off Equity Value / Share
56
Transaction For Sale For Sale For Sale For Sale For Sale For Sale Sold Sold - March 27, 2008 Sold - March 23, 2008 Sold - October 2007 Sold - September 2007 Sold - July 2007
Tenant Lowe's Kohl's Lowe's Lowe's Wal-Mart Kohl's Target Lowe's Home Depot Kohl's Lowe's Lowe's
Location Princeton, WV Selinsgrove, PA Derby, CT Eugene, OR Albuquerque, NM Fort Gratiot, MI Fairlawn, OH Whitehall, PA Austell, GA Reno, NV Escondido, CA Sayre, PA
Cap Rate 6.61% 6.25% 5.50% 6.25% 5.50% 5.75% 6.00% 6.05% 5.75% 6.10% 6.00% 6.25%
Options 6, Five-Year 8, Five-Year 8, Five-Year na 15, Five-Year 4, Five-Year 6, Five-Year na na na 6, Five-Year 8, Five-Year
Given the above factors, TIP REIT will trade at a lower cap rate than an individual private ground lease
(1) Represents 2008E Target Corp stores on TIP REIT land
59
Model Consolidated
2009
66,600 4.5%
2012
86,068 10.2%
2013
95,316 10.7%
(1,944)
150
4.5%
160
6.9%
176
9.7%
194
10.2%
215
10.7%
Total Revenue
Total Revenue Growth COGS % of Retail Sales SG&A (excluding D&A and Rent Expense) % of Retail Sales Credit Expenses % of Credit Revenue
66,750
4.5% 46,544 69.9%
71,331
6.9% 49,632 69.7%
78,258
9.7% 54,373 69.6%
86,262
10.2% 60,075 69.8%
95,530
10.7% 66,521 69.8%
12,392
20.2%
12,899
20.2%
15 (1,520)
12,914
20.3% 0.0%
13,596
20.4%
14,423
20.3%
15,744
20.2%
17,352
20.2%
19,213
20.2%
950
50.1%
1,520
72.8%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Retail EBITDAR
Retail EBITDAR Margin (%)
6,150
10.0%
6,290
9.9%
6,275
9.8% (424)
6,460
9.7%
7,117
10.0% 160 100.0%
7,965
10.2% 176 100.0%
8,641
10.0% 194 100.0%
9,582
10.1% 215 100.0%
Credit EBITDAR
Credit EBITDAR Margin (%)
946
49.9%
567
27.2%
144
100.0%
150
100.0%
EBITDAR
EBITDAR Margin (%) Rent Expense
7,096
11.2%
6,857
10.4%
6,418
10.1%
6,610
9.9% 173
7,277
10.2% 178
8,140
10.4% 182
8,834
10.2% 187
9,796
10.3% 191
EBITDA
EBITDA Margin (%)
165 6,931
10.9%
169 6,688
10.2%
169 6,249
9.8%
6,436
9.6%
7,099
10.0%
7,958
10.2%
8,648
10.0%
9,605
10.1%
10.5%
1,659
2.7%
1,819
2.9%
1,819
2.9%
1,940
2.9%
2,073
2.9%
2,274
2.9%
2,507
2.9%
2,776
2.9%
Operating Income
Net Interest (Income) / Expense Income Tax Provision Tax Rate (%) Minority Interest Expense
4,496
333 1,469 35% 257
11.0%
Net Income
Net Income Margin (%) Current Diluted Shares Outstanding Shares Repurchase Share Repurchase from Options Total Shares Outstanding Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
2,849
4.5%
2,383
3.6%
259 2,383
3.7%
2,438
3.7%
266 2,750
3.9% 754.7
273 3,110
4.0% 702.1 (13.8)
280 3,360
3.9% 688.3 (10.0)
289 3,753
3.9% 678.3 (7.2)
11.4%
(52.5) 0.0
702.1 728.4 $3.78
0.0
688.3 695.2 $4.47
0.0
678.3 683.3 $4.92
0.0
671.1 674.7 $5.56
754.7
$3.23
6.29
14.6%
63
($mm)
Cash & Equivalents Trade Receivables Other Current Assets Property, Plant & Equipment, gross Accumulated Depreciation Property, Plant & Equipment, net Other Non-Current Assets
Status Quo CY2007 2,450 8,054 8,402 31,982 (7,887) 24,095 1,559 44,560 17,090 9,818 2,345 29,253 0 15,307 44,560
Status Quo CY2008 500 8,249 8,903 35,316 (9,265) 26,051 1,277 44,980 17,811 10,373 2,521 30,705 0 14,275 44,980
8,903 35,316 (9,265) 26,051 1,277 38,331 (8,000) (2,974) 6,837 10,373 2,521 19,731 4,574 14,026 38,331
Total Assets
Debt Other Current Liabilities Other Non-Current Liabilities
Total Liabilities
Minority Interest Total Equity
4,574 (249)
39,905
39,953
43,405
47,458
52,251
64
($mm) EBITDA less: Interest Expense less: Taxes less: Dividends Paid to Minorities
Share-based Compensation less: Increase in Net Working Capital less: Increase Funding of CC Growth
2009
6,436 (333) (1,469) (268)
2012
8,648 (469) (2,032) (302)
2013
9,605 (515) (2,272) (315)
0
(1,089)
0
(890)
0
(722)
3.0%
65
Sales Buildup Square Feet (mm) $ / Sq. Ft. Retail Sales Implied Retail Sales Growth (% ) Sq. Footage Growth (% ) SSS Growth (% ) CapEx Buildup Total System CapEx
CapEx as % of Retail Sales
2009
231 288 66,600 4.5% 4.0% 0.5%
2012
270 318 86,068 10.2% 6.5% 3.5%
2013
289 330 95,316 10.7% 7.0% 3.5%
63,720
3.7% 7.0% (3.1%)
2007 4,369
7.1%
2008 3,820
6.0%
2009 3,111
4.7%
2010 3,083
4.3%
2011
4,761 6.1%
2012
5,444 6.3%
2013
6,277 6.6%
Credit M etrics Lease Adjusted Debt Actual Debt Total Lease Adjusted Debt Total Lease Adjusted Debt/EBITDAR Total Debt / EBITDA EBITDAR / (Interest + Rent) EBITDA / Interest
8x
Status Quo CY2007 1,320 17,090 18,410 2.6 x 2.5 x 8.7 x 10.7 x
Status Quo CY2008 1,353 17,811 19,164 2.8 x 2.7 x 6.2 x 7.1 x
66
2009
4,164 38% 1,582 (16) (98) (0) 1,469
2012
5,672 38% 2,155 (17) (106) (0) 2,032
2013
6,313 38% 2,399 (17) (110) (0) 2,272
Adjustment Calculations: State Tax Savings: Total REIT Net Income Net Income to Other Shareholders Net Income to Target Assumed Tax Rate (150bps less than current rate) Total State Tax Savings Facilities Management Adjustments: Facilities Mgmt Income Facilities Mgmt Taxes Minority Interest on Taxes Target Share of Facilities Mgmt Income Adjustment for Dividend Received Deduction Incremental Facilities Mgmt Adj. Total Facilities Management Tax Adj. 1,303 259 1,044 38% (16) 1,292 257 1,035 37% (16) 1,334 266 1,069 37% (16) 1,370 273 1,097 37% (16) 1,408 280 1,128 37% (17) 1,450 289 1,161 37% (17)
67
38%
(1) Normalized to exclude incremental interest expense due to CY2010 cash E&P distribution (2) $1.6bn of proceeds from a 19.9% IPO of TIP REIT used to pay cash E&P distribution in CY 2010 69
($mm, except as noted) Real Estate: Gross Existing Properties - Land & Improvements Maintenance Capex Development Properties - Land & Improvements Accumulated Depreciation Net Real Estate Asset Cash Total Assets Debt: Revolver New Debt Total Debt Common Equity Retained Earnings (Deficit) Total Equity Total Liabilities & Equity
Pro Forma CY2008 11,833 (885) 10,948 10,948 10,948 10,948 10,948
2009 11,833 890 (941) 11,782 3 11,785 3 890 893 10,948 (55) 10,892 11,785
Calendar Year, 2010 2011 11,833 1,720 (1,007) 12,546 3 12,549 3 1,720 1,723 10,948 (121) 10,827 12,549 11,833 3,258 (1,092) 14,000 3 14,003 3 3,258 3,261 10,948 (206) 10,742 14,003
2012 11,833 5,059 (1,199) 15,693 3 15,696 3 5,059 5,062 10,948 (314) 10,634 15,696
2013 11,833 7,176 (1,333) 17,677 3 17,680 3 7,176 7,179 10,948 (448) 10,500 17,680
70
($mm, except as noted) Cash Flow from Operating Activities: EBITDA Less: Interest Expense Less: Taxes on Facilities Mgmt. Income Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities Cash Flow from Investing Activities: Development Capex Maintenance Capex Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities Cash Flow from Financing Activities: Debt Financing: Increase (Decrease) in Revolver Increase (Decrease) in New Debt Equity Financing: Increase (Decrease) in Common Equity Dividends on Common Special Dividends Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities Beginning Cash Balance Net Change in Cash Ending Cash Balance
2009 1,353 (205) (7) 1,141 1,417 (62) (7) 1,347 (890) (890)
Calendar Year, 2010 2011 1,511 (103) (8) 1,400 (830) (830) 1,659 (196) (8) 1,455 (1,539) (1,539)
1,539 (1,455) 84 3 3
71
5.7%
190 190
6.6%
Total Combined DCs & WHs - Sq. Ft. Count Owned DCs & WHs 25 Combined (Ground-leased) DCs & WHs 1 Third-party Leased DCs & WHs 5 Total Combined DCs & WHs Square Footage Total DCs & WHs Sq. Ft. vs. Total Combined Stores Sq. Ft. TIP REIT DCs & WHs - Sq. Ft. Count Owned DCs & WHs 25 Total TIP REIT DCs & WHs Square Footage Total TIP REIT DCs & WHs Square Footage Growth Rent / Square Foot - Store Land CPI Growth Average Growth TIP REIT Revenues from Ground-leased Land Rent / Square Foot - DCs & WHs Land CPI Growth Average Growth TIP REIT Revenues from Ground-leased DCs & WHs Total TIP REIT Gross Revenues Yes
35 1 7 44 19.6% 35 35
3.0%
3.7%
$7.00
1,327 $1.25
44 1,371
72
TIP REIT Model FFO & AFFO Reconciliations, Credit Statistics and Implied Metrics
FFO & AFFO Reconciliations: Net Income Plus: Depreciation & Amortization Funds from Operations Ending Shares Outstanding FFO / Share Less: Maintenance Capex Adjusted Funds from Operations Normalized AFFO (1) Pro Forma CY2008 1,303 44 1,347 942.1 $1.43 1,347 1,347 2009 1,292 55 1,347 942.1 $1.43 1,347 1,347 Calendar Year, 2010 2011 1,334 1,370 66 85 1,400 1,455 942.1 $1.49 1,400 1,400 942.1 $1.54 1,455 1,455 2012 1,408 108 1,515 942.1 $1.61 1,515 1,515 2013 1,450 134 1,584 942.1 $1.68 1,584 1,584
Credit Statistics: Coverage: EBITDA / Interest Expense (EBITDA - Maintenance Capex) / Interest Expense Leverage: Total Debt / EBITDA Capitalization: Total Debt / Total Real Estate Value (NOI capped at 6.0% and 8.5% for store land and DCs & WHs land, respectively) Implied Metrics: Incremental Stores Square Footage SuperTarget Stores 50.0% Implied New Combined SuperTarget Stores 0.177 % of Total New Stores Built Combined Total Number of SuperTarget Stores
General Merchandise Stores 50.0% Implied New Combined GM Stores 0.125 Sq. Ft. / GM % of Total New Stores Built Combined Total Number of General Merchandise Stores Total Implied New Stores Cumulative Combined Total Implied Stores Incremental DCs & WHs Square Footage Implied Combined New DCs & WHs Total Implied New DCs & WHs Cumulative Combined Total Implied DCs & WHs
(1) Normalized to exclude incremental interest expense due to CY2010 cash E&P distribution 73
1,445 1,684
1.408 31
0 31
($mm, except as noted) Total Combined Expenditures Maintenance / Retail Capital Expenditures Target Corp - Store Buildings TIP REIT Development Capital Expenditures Target Corp Building - Store and DCs & WHs TIP REIT Land - Store and DCs & WHs Target Corp - Other TIP REIT Land - Store Store Land Cost per Square Foot TIP REIT Land - DCs & WHs DCs & WHs Land Cost per Square Foot TIP REIT Land - Store TIP REIT Land - DCs & WHs Total Development Capex Development Financing Sources: Debt Financing Equity Financing 100% 0% Yes Yes 71.4% 28.6%
2009 3,111 1,332 1,332 1,779 890 890 890 $100.00 $14.00 890 890 890 -
Calendar Year, 2010 2011 3,083 4,761 1,423 1,423 1,660 830 830 830 $102.50 $14.35 830 830 830 1,638 1,638 3,122 1,583 1,539 1,509 $105.06 30 $14.71 1,509 30 1,539 1,539 -
2012 5,444 1,806 1,806 3,638 1,837 1,801 1,776 $107.69 24 $15.08 1,776 24 1,801 1,801 -
2013 6,277 2,000 2,000 4,278 2,160 2,117 2,088 $110.38 29 $15.45 2,088 29 2,117 2,117 -
$14.00
74
REIT Adj.
2010
71,171 6.9% 160 6.9%
2013
95,316 10.7% 215 10.7%
Total Revenue
Total Revenue Growth COGS % of Retail Sales SG&A (excluding D&A and Rent Expense) % of Retail Sales Credit Expenses % of Credit Revenue
66,750
46,544 69.9% 13,596 20.4% 0.0%
66,750
46,544 69.9% 13,561 20.4% 0.0% 6,495 9.8% 150 na
71,331
6.9% 49,632 69.7%
78,258
9.7% 54,373 69.6% 15,708 20.1% 0.0%
86,262
10.2% 60,075 69.8% 17,314 20.1% 0.0%
95,530
10.7% 66,521 69.8% 19,175 20.1% 0.0%
(35)
14,387
20.2% 0.0%
Retail EBITDAR
Retail EBITDAR Margin (%)
6,460
9.7% 150 100.0%
7,153
10.0% 160 na
8,001
10.2% 176 na
8,678
10.1% 194 na
9,620
10.1% 215 na
Credit EBITDAR
Credit EBITDAR Margin (%)
EBITDAR (Pre-spin)
EBITDAR Margin (%)
6,610
9.9% (125) 144 173
6,645
10.0% (125) 144 173 1,433
7,313
10.3% (134) 154 178 1,527
8,177
10.4% (147) 169 182 1,673
8,872
10.3% (162) 186 187 1,842
9,835
10.3% (179) 206 191 2,037
Current Embedded Facility Management Costs External Facility Mgmt. Payments to TIP REIT Current Rent Expense
Additional Rent Expense
6,436
9.6%
5,020
7.5%
5,588
7.8%
6,300
8.0%
6,819
7.9%
7,580
7.9%
10.9%
(55)
1,885 2.8%
2,007
2.8%
2,189
2.8%
2,400
2.8%
2,642
2.8%
Operating Income
Net Interest (Income) / Expense Income Tax Provision Tax Rate (%) Minority Interest
3,581
330 1,235 38% 0
12.0%
Net Income
Net Income Margin (%) Current Diluted Shares Outstanding Shares Repurchase Share Repurchase from Options Total Shares Outstanding Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
257 2,438
3.7%
(257)
1,757
2.6%
2,015
2.8%
0 2,334
3.0% 726.2
0 2,453
2.8% 683.8 (26.8)
0 2,717
2.8% 657.0 (29.3)
11.5%
(42.4) 0.0
683.8 705.0 $3.31
0.0
657.0 670.4 $3.66
0.0
627.7 642.3 $4.23
16.1%
76
($mm)
Cash & Equivalents Trade Receivables Other Current Assets Property, Plant & Equipment, gross Accumulated Depreciation Property, Plant & Equipment, net Other Non-Current Assets
(12,723)
941 (11,782)
Total Assets
Debt Other Current Liabilities Other Non-Current Liabilities
26,523 (890)
5,036 10,842 2,521
Total Liabilities
Minority Interest Total Equity
18,398
(4,563) (7,930) 0 8,124
39,905
26,523
27,407
29,405
31,765
34,574
77
2013
7,580 (555) (1,665)
(1,948)
(1,507)
(1,534)
(2,483)
(1,467)
(1,815)
(1,486)
(2,291)
3.0%
78
2010
239 297 71,171 6.9% 3.5% 3.3%
2013
289 330 95,316 10.7% 7.0% 3.5%
66,600
2009
3,111 4.7%
2010 3,083
4.3%
2011
4,761 6.1%
2012
5,444 6.3%
2013
6,277 6.6%
Maintenance/Retail CapEx Additional Cap Ex TOTAL M aintenance/ Retail CapEx Target Corp TIP REIT (Existing DC & WH) Development CapEx Buildings (Tgt Corp) Land Target Corp TIP REIT Other (Target Corp)
% of Development % of Development
1,332
0.0 % of total 35.0%
1,332
1,638 1,638
1,638 0
1,806 1,806
1,806 0
2,000 2,000
2,000 0
65.0%
3,122
1,583
3,638
1,837
4,278
2,160
1,539 0 1,539
0
1,801 0 1,801
0
2,117 0 2,117
0
% of Development
0%
134 6.9%
15% 154
147 9.7%
15% 169
162 10.2%
15% 186
179 10.7%
15% 206
Credit M etrics Lease Adjusted Debt Actual Debt Total Lease Adjusted Debt Total Lease Adjusted Debt/EBITDAR Total Debt / EBITDA EBITDAR / (Interest + Rent) EBITDA / Interest
8x
1,387
12,851
13,637
14,844
16,228
17,823
79
Disclaimer
In connection with the 2009 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Target Corporation (Target), Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. and certain of its affiliates (collectively, Pershing Square) filed a definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on May 1, 2009 containing information about the solicitation of proxies for use at the 2009 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Target. The definitive proxy statement and the GOLD proxy card were first disseminated to shareholders of Target on or about May 2, 2009. SHAREHOLDERS OF TARGET ARE URGED TO READ THE PROXY STATEMENT CAREFULLY BECAUSE IT CONTAINS IMPORTANT INFORMATION. The definitive proxy statement and other relevant documents relating to the solicitation of proxies by Pershing Square are available at no charge on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov. Shareholders can also obtain free copies of the definitive proxy statement and other relevant documents at www.TGTtownhall.com or by calling Pershing Squares proxy solicitor, D. F. King & Co., Inc., at 1 (800) 290-6427. Pershing Square and certain of its members and employees and Michael L. Ashner, James L. Donald, Ronald J. Gilson and Richard W. Vague (collectively, the Participants) are deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies with respect to Pershing Squares nominees. Detailed information regarding the names, affiliations and interests of the Participants, including by security ownership or otherwise, is available in Pershing Squares definitive proxy statement. This presentation contains forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this presentation that are not clearly historical in nature or that necessarily depend on future events are forward-looking, and the words anticipate, believe, expect, estimate, plan, and similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of Pershing Square and currently available information. They are not guarantees of future performance, involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and are based upon assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. Pershing Square does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this presentation. This presentation is for general informational purposes only. It does not have regard to the specific investment objective, financial situation, suitability, or the particular need of any specific person who may receive this presentation, and should not be taken as advice on the merits of any investment decision. The views expressed herein represent the opinions of Pershing Square, which opinions may change at any time and are based on publicly available information with respect to Target. Certain financial information and data used herein have been derived or obtained from filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) by Target or other companies that Pershing Square considers comparable or relevant.
1
Disclaimer (contd)
Pershing Square has not sought or obtained consent from any third party to the use of previously published information as proxy soliciting material. Any such statements or information should not be viewed as indicating the support of such third party for the views expressed herein. No warranty is made that data or information, whether derived or obtained from filings made with the SEC or from any third party, are accurate. Neither Pershing Square nor any of its affiliates shall be responsible or have any liability for any misinformation contained in any SEC filing or third party report. Pershing Square disclaims any obligation to update the information contained herein. This presentation does not recommend the purchase or sale of any security. Under no circumstances is this presentation to be used or considered an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security. There is no assurance or guarantee with respect to the prices at which any securities of Target will trade. Pershing Square and its affiliates currently hold a substantial amount of common stock and options of Target and may in the future take such actions with respect to its investments in Target as it deems appropriate including, without limitation, purchasing additional shares of Target common stock or related financial instruments or selling some or all of its beneficial and economic holdings, engaging in any hedging or similar transaction with respect to such holdings and/or otherwise changing its intention with respect to its investments in Target. Pershing Square may also change its beneficial or economic holdings depending on additions or redemptions of capital. Pershing Square is in the business of trading buying and selling securities and other financial instruments. Consequently, Pershing Squares beneficial ownership of Target common stock and options will vary over time depending on various factors, with or without regard to Pershing Squares views of Targets business, prospects or valuation (including the market price of Target common stock), including without limitation, other investment opportunities available to Pershing Square, concentration of positions in the portfolios managed by Pershing Square, conditions in the securities market and general economic and industry conditions.
Agenda
Situation Overview Why Board Change is Warranted The Nominees for Shareholder Choice
Food Retailing: Jim Donald Credit Cards: Richard Vague Real Estate: Michael Ashner Shareholder Value: Bill Ackman Corporate Governance: Ron Gilson
Targets Board: Avoiding the Real Issues Corporate Elections and Shareholder Choice
3
Situation Overview
Pershing Square
Pershing Square is a long-term Target shareholder Pershing Square initiated its investment in Target in April 2007 We are the third largest beneficial owner of Target We have ownership of 7.8% of Target ~$1 billion of common stock (3.3% of the company) ~$280 million in stock options (4.5% of the company)(1) Target is the largest investment in Pershing Squares portfolio
(1) Unless and until these options are exercised, the underlying shares do not carry voting rights.
5
August 2007: Pershing Square, in its first meeting with Target management, proposes that Target pursue a credit card partnership transaction to minimize credit risk, eliminate funding risk, and increase Targets valuation September 2007: Target announces a review of ownership alternatives for its credit card receivables and an analysis of its capital structure December 2008: Pershing Square, in two separate presentations to Target, emphasizes the importance of credit risk transfer in any contemplated partnership transaction May 2008: Target announces a sale of a 47% interest in it receivables, but retains credit risk MISTAKE: Board elects not to transfer credit risk in the transaction, primarily to retain underwriting control Target share repurchase program is principally funded with debt, despite credit risk and funding risk remaining on its balance sheet
6
July 2008: Pershing Square meets with Target and Goldman Sachs to discuss real estate transaction
September 2008: Board raises concerns regarding Pershing Squares real estate proposal, primarily with respect to credit ratings impact and valuation assumptions
Situation Overview
On March 17, 2009, Pershing Square announces the nomination of five independent directors for the open seats on Targets board We did so principally because we believe that the incumbent Target board has: Suboptimal composition Made significant strategic mistakes that have destroyed shareholder value Performed key corporate governance duties poorly Our goal in this election: Improve Targets board and help make Target a stronger, more profitable, and more valuable company
10
Board lacks a fair and open Board did not exit the nominating process credit card business before meeting Pershing Square Compensation plan fails to foster a culture of equity The board-approved credit ownership card transaction structure was a mistake that we believe cost shareholders Board rejected the request for Universal Proxy thereby dearly limiting shareholder choice Board did not authorize a full review of all real estate Interlocking directorships and affiliate transactions ownership alternatives for maximizing shareholder value
(1) Pershing Square defines senior operating experience as experience in a specific line of business with the director having served as the CEO of a company in that business for a meaningful period of time during his or her career. Pershing Squares view is not only based on the length of time served by a specific director in the relevant business line, but also on the extent, nature and specialization of each directors service and the principal responsibilities during that service.
12
Retail Business
13
Board Members
Austin Darden Dillon Johnson Kovacevich Minnick Mulcahy Rice Sanger Tamke Trujillo Steinhafel Total Board % of common shares outstanding Total Independent Directors % of common shares outstanding
Issued shares beneficially owned 2,388 2,901 0 11,116 61,569 886 7,114 0 27,683 10,334 38,025 429,424 591,440 0.08% 162,016 0.02%
Total beneficial ownership 48,487 35,781 3,058 97,135 128,671 9,446 29,536 3,058 120,699 86,300 124,181 1,309,840 1,996,192 0.27% 686,352 0.09%
752,672,699
Incumbent Nominees
The average tenure of the independent directors is approximately 9 years. The average tenure of the incumbent nominees is approximately 10 years
15
$ in millions
$930 12.8%
14.0%
12.0%
$800
10.0%
65% drop
$322
8.0%
6.0%
4.0%
3.7%
2.0%
0.0%
2007A
16
2008A
Conflict
In our view, the board nomination process is insular, conflicted, and unreceptive to shareholder input
18
Reality
Feasibility confirmed by Broadridge, consent of parties is all that is needed Can be implemented at any time Pershing Square will pay the expense Mitigates confusion and allows shareholders to choose the best nominees from both slates No liability to Target or its nominees
Liability concerns
Shareholders have expressed disappointment with Targets position. Target and its nominees should consent to have all nominees named on one proxy card. Even now, this can still be achieved. Shareholders should press this issue with Target
19
$0.0 mm
$3.8 mm
$3.8 mm
$(419.7) mm
$(8.8) mm
$(428.5) mm
How can we be sure that Targets board and managers are truly focused on creating long-term shareholder value if they sell so much stock?
(1) Based on the trailing five years prior to the announcement of Pershing Squares nomination of the Nominees for Shareholder Choice on 3/17/2009. (2) Includes only non-employee directors.
20
Nominating directors
Poor
Poor
N/A
We believe that Targets suboptimal board has contributed to the companys material underperformance during this recession
22
1 8.39 1
Wal-Mart Up 11%
98.39
78.39
58.39
Target
38.39
Down 51%
Measured on a 10-year trailing basis ending on the day prior to the announcement of the Nominees for Shareholder Choice, Wal-Marts stock price outperformed Targets stock price by approximately 18%.
23
4.0%
2.0%
Wal-Mart US
(4.0%)
(6.0%)
Target
24
20.0%
10.0%
Wal-Mart
- 10.0%
-20.0%
-30.0%
Target
-40.0%
25
2006 2007: Why were Targets retail margins weaker even during the strong economy?
Target
6.3% 2008 Retail EBIT margin
2007
2008
Retail Business
Allen Questrom, former CEO of JCPenney, Neiman Marcus, Federated Department Stores Roger Corbett, retired CEO of Woolworths, Australias leading retail company
Real Estate
Wal-Mart owns a lower percentage of its stores than Target
We note that Wal-Mart partnered with a financial institution for its store credit card years ago. It does not own credit card receivables and has none of the material risks associated with these assets
27
Number of supercenters
2,500
Number of supercenters
2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
77 0
76
68
17
55
29
In our view, the Nominees for Shareholder Choice will bring much needed new life to Targets insular incumbent board The Nominees for Shareholder Choice offer deep and relevant experience, major stock ownership, and fresh perspectives
30
Jim Donald
Food Retailing Credit Cards Real Estate Shareholder Value Corporate Governance
30 years of grocery experience Former CEO of Starbucks and Pathmark Oversaw the development and growth of Wal-Marts SuperCenter business
Richard Vague
Leading credit card operating executive Former CEO and co-founder of First USA, the largest VISA credit card issuer before it was sold to Bank One (now JPMorgan Chase)
Michael Ashner
Established real estate CEO and investor Currently manages over 20 million sq ft of commercial real estate Has acquired more than $12 billion of real estate in 45 states
Bill Ackman
Founder of Pershing Square Owner of a 7.8% stake in Target (1) Track record for creating value in consumer and retail businesses
Ron Gilson
World-renowned expert in the field of corporate governance Professor of Law and Business at both Stanford Law School and Columbia University School of Law
(1) Consisting of 3.3% in shares of common stock and 4.5% in stock options.
32
If elected, the Nominees for Shareholder Choice will represent the interests of all shareholders using their own independent business judgment
(1) Other than customary indemnifications and expense reimbursement arrangements.
33
Comparison of Slates
The Incumbent Nominees Lack senior operating experience in key business lines and assets Beneficially own less than 0.05% of the company Are accountable for strategic mistakes Three out of four incumbent nominees have served for at least a decade The Nominees for Shareholder Choice CEO-level operating experience in: Retail Credit cards Real Estate Corporate governance expertise Beneficially own 7.8% of the company (1) Offer fresh perspectives while preserving board continuity Entirely independent
(1) Consisting of 3.3% in shares (approximately $1bn in market value) and 4.5% in stock-settled call options (approximately $280mm in market value).
34
Food retailing represents a critical strategic growth initiative for Target. We and the company believe that an expanded food presence can help Target increase the frequency of visits from its customers and generate higher and more predictable sales
36
Number of supercenters
Number of supercenters
2,500
2,500
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,500
1,000
1,000
500
55
38
4.0%
2.0%
Wal-Mart US
(4.0%)
(6.0%)
Target
(8.0%)
2006 2007: Why were Targets retail margins weaker even during the strong economy?
Target
6.3% 2008 Retail EBIT margin
2007
2008
41%
37.0%
59%
63.0%
Consumables: Typically lower margin goods Non-consumables (e.g., apparel, home furnishings): Typically higher margin goods
Source: Company filings. For Wal-Mart, consumables incorporate grocery and health & wellness categories. Includes Wal-Mart US only. For Target, consumables defined as consumables and commodities.
41
Given the differences in profitability between Target and Wal-Mart, we believe there are opportunities to improve Targets retail margins. Having an experienced retail operator on the board can only help Target become a more profitable company in our view
42
43
Is fast-food marketing experience highly relevant to Target? Ms. Dillon is not a grocery store operator Without Ms. Dillon, the board will continue to have marketing expertise Mary Minnick, Coca Colas former President of Marketing Target does business with McDonalds
44
Over 30-years of food retailing experience Former CEO Of Pathmark and Starbucks Oversaw the development of Wal-Marts SuperCenters Helped build out Wal-Marts grocery business Entirely independent
We have consistent performance ... and we're enjoying double-digit growth rates," Scovanner said. "No one else in the credit-card arena has those attributes. For the life of me, I don't understand why those attributes in combination would cause anyone to want to get into an active mode of analyzing a sale.
Doug Scovanner, CFO Star Tribune, July 15, 2007
46
From August through December 2007, in multiple calls and meetings, Pershing Square endeavored to convince Target to transfer the credit and funding risks associated with its credit card operation to a partnering financial institution In May, 2008, Target sold a 47% interest in its credit card receivables to JPMorgan Chase Target elected, however, to retain substantially all of the credit risk and more than half of the funding risks associated with this business segment because of its insistence on retaining underwriting control We believe this decision was ill-advised, and shareholders have suffered as a result
47
$930
$900
12.8%
$800
12.0%
10.0%
65% drop
8.0%
6.0%
$322
$300 $200 $100 $0 0.0% 4.0%
3.7%
2.0%
2007A
49
2008A
Target
7.2%
5.7% Credit
2007
2008
Target
51
52
Voted to retain the credit risk associated with Targets credit card business We believe this decision ultimately led to dramatic profit declines for Target last year Given the financial crisis, does Mr. Kovacevich have the time to devote to being a Target director? Target does business with Wells Fargo
Co-founder of First USA, serving as its CEO until it was sold to Bank One (now JPMorgan Chase) Founded and sold Juniper Financial Valuable operating experience can assist Target achieve recovery in its credit card business Strong transaction experience and relationships can help Target structure a risk-reducing transaction in the future Entirely independent
53
79% ND
ND 2%(4)
ND 84%
55% 71%
36% 90%
ND 52%
ND 54%
27% ND
Represents data from latest 10-K filing ND represents Not Disclosed (1) Represents % owned stores (includes owned stores on leased land) (2) Represents % owned stores on owned land only (3) Represents % owned DCs (includes owned DCs on leased land) (4) Represents % owned DCs on a square footage basis
55
(1) Includes owned and combined retail square footage. Excludes leased retail square footage and owned distribution centers square footage (2) Based on the latest company filings (3) Includes consolidated and unconsolidated GLA for the company (4) Based on U.S. properties square footage which the company owns. Excludes international properties square footage (5) Includes square footage of properties which the company owns or has a majority and minority ownership interest (6) Based on pro rata share of GLA in shopping center portfolio (7) Includes total square footage of the anchors (whether owned or leased by the anchor) and mall stores. Excludes future expansion areas (8) Based on actual pro rata ownership of joint venture assets and excluding developments and redevelopments in process and scheduled to commence in 2009 (9) Based on wholly-owned and pro rata share of co-investment partnerships. Represents GLA including anchor-owned stores (10) Based on retail GLA owned by the company (11) Includes owned GLA on consolidated and unconsolidated properties 56
7.2x
$40/Share(1)
14.3x
Large Cap REITs (1)
17.0x
Recent Big Box Ground Lease (2)
Pershing Square believes that there may be more efficient ways for Target to structure its real estate business in order to highlight its strong value. Pershing Square, however, does not currently have any specific plans or proposals with respect to Targets real estate
Note: Target valuation excludes the net book value of the credit card receivables and the operating profit associated with such receivables in order to better compare Target with real estate companies which do not have credit card segments. (1) Based on current stock price as of 05/01/09. Large cap REITs multiples are based on Wall Street consensus estimates. (2) Based on mid-point precedent cap rate of 5.9%.
57
Questions to Ask
Given the stock markets discounted valuation of Targets vast real estate holdings, shouldnt the board be willing to investigate opportunities to create value? Pershing Square made several suggestions to Target, including a tax-free 19.9% REIT IPO, which Pershing Square believed would Improve Targets access to the capital markets Maintain its strong investment grade credit ratings Allow Target to maintain control over its buildings and brand Highlight the value of Targets greater than 200 million sq ft of real estate Pershing Squares past suggestions may not have been the perfect solution, but why was Targets board unwilling to explore other real estate strategic alternatives?
58
Michael Ashner has served as the CEO of Winthrop Realty Trust, Inc. since December 31, 2003 and Chairman of the board of directors since April 2004. Michael served as the Executive Chairman of Lexington Realty Trust, a REIT from December 31, 2006 through March 2008. He has also served as the Chairman, President and CEO of Winthrop Realty Partners, L.P. (a real estate investment and management company) since 1996. Michael has served as the Managing Director of AP-USX LLC, which owns a 2.4 million square foot office tower, since 1998. Since 1981, Michael has been the President and principal shareholder of Exeter Capital Corporation, a privately held real estate investment banking firm. Michael manages over 20 million square feet of commercial real estate and has acquired more than $12 billion of real estate in 45 states, including more than 85,000 apartment units, 50 million square feet of office, retail and industrial space, and 10,000 hotel rooms.
59
Solomon Trujillo Target Incumbent Nominee CEO of Telestra Corporation an Australian telecom company
Michael Ashner Nominee for Shareholder Choice CEO and Chairman of Winthrop Property Trust
We do not believe that Mr. Trujillos Australian telecommunications background brings relevant expertise to a US retail company Why has Mr. Trujillo been on Targets board since 1994 or 15 years?
Chairman and CEO of Winthrop Realty Partners, L.P. Manages more than 20 million square feet of commercial real estate, including over 11 million square feet owned by Michael and his affiliates Entirely independent
60
Targets Board
Owns ~0.3% of Target in common stock and options comprised of: ~0.1% in common stock ~0.2% in stock options Independent directors own less than 0.1% in common stock and options
Pershing Square
Pershing Square beneficially owns 7.8% in common stock and options comprised of: ~$1 billion of common stock, equal to 3.3% ownership ~$280 million in stock options, equal to 4.5% ownership Third largest beneficial owner Fourth largest common stock holder
62
63
Bill Ackman Nominee for Shareholder Choice Founder of Pershing Square, a public equity investment firm
Pershing Square beneficially owns 7.8% in common stock and options (1) Represents the third largest beneficial owner of Target Significant investment experience in multi-billion dollar retail and consumer companies
(1) Consisting of 3.3% in shares (approximately $1bn in market value) and 4.5% in stock-settled call options (approximately $280mm in market value).
Canada
65
Ron Gilson is the Meyers Professor of Law and Business, Stanford Law School (1979 to present) and the Marc and Eva Stern Professor of Law and Business, Columbia University School of Law (1992 to present). Ron is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the European Corporate Governance Institute. Ron has served on the board of directors of certain of the American Century Mutual Funds, managing over $26 billion in assets, since 1995 and has been the Chairman of the board of directors since 2005. Ron Gilson is one of our countrys preeminent thinkers on corporate governance. We believe that, if elected, Rons extensive academic and real world experience as an independent board chair would ensure fair process, fair dealing, and diligent care for the benefit of all shareholders.
67
Targets management and the board have a greater percentage of their ownership in derivatives than Pershing Square Pershing Square has been a major buyer of Target shares in recent years unlike members of senior management
Gregg Steinhafel, had not purchased one share of stock during the last five years until 3/18/09 one day after we nominated directors for the board Board and executive management have sold $429 million of stock in the last five years
70
Risky Agenda
Targets misleading stance:
Pershing Square has launched a proxy contest to push its real estate agenda Bill Ackmans slate of nominees
This election is not about Bill Ackman but rather about choosing board members with the most relevant experience
71
Hasty Selection
Targets misleading stance:
Hasty selection of candidates by Pershing Square is inconsistent with a professional search required by good corporate governance
Our Response:
The Nominees for Shareholder Choice are leaders in food retailing, credit cards, real estate, shareholder value, and corporate governance The credibility, independence, experience, reputation, and integrity of the Nominees for Shareholder Choice speak for themselves
Questions to Ask Target: Why are the current independent board members the most qualified to serve on the board of Target, a retail and credit card company? Why does Targets board continue to nominate its own members and not conduct a professional search for new directors with senior operating experience?
73
Target Says:
We do not believe that Pershing Square's nominees would add value to the Board.
- Target spokesperson
Ackman campaign for Target like prize fight Reuters, 4/18/2009
74
Really?
Nominee for Shareholder Choice Significant Relevant Experience Commentary
Jim Donald
Food Retailing Credit Cards Real Estate Shareholder Value Corporate Governance
30 years of grocery experience Former CEO of Starbucks and Pathmark Oversaw the development and growth of Wal-Marts SuperCenter business
Richard Vague
Leading credit card operating executive Former CEO and co-founder of First USA, the largest VISA credit card issuer before it was sold to Bank One (now JPMorgan Chase)
Michael Ashner
Established real estate CEO and investor Currently manages over 20 million sq ft of commercial real estate Has acquired more than $12 billion of real estate in 45 states
Bill Ackman
Founder of Pershing Square Owner of a 7.8% stake in Target (1) Track record for creating value in consumer and retail businesses
Ron Gilson
World-renowned expert in the field of corporate governance Professor of Law and Business at both Stanford Law School and Columbia University School of Law
(1) Consisting of 3.3% in shares of common stock and 4.5% in stock options.
75
77
How to Choose
Choose candidates with no conflicting economic interests Choose fresh perspectives Choose the best nominees with the most relevant experience Choose continuity and fresh perspectives Choose the best nominees with the most relevant experience
Maintaining Continuity
Shareholder choice is good for Target and good for corporate governance Support efforts to simplify the voting process and ensure that each vote is counted
Jim Donald
Food Retailing Credit Cards Real Estate Shareholder Value Corporate Governance
30 years of grocery experience Former CEO of Starbucks and Pathmark Oversaw the development and growth of Wal-Marts SuperCenter business
Richard Vague
Leading credit card operating executive Former CEO and co-founder of First USA, the largest VISA credit card issuer before it was sold to Bank One (now JPMorgan Chase)
Michael Ashner
Established real estate CEO and investor Currently manages over 20 million sq ft of commercial real estate Has acquired more than $12 billion of real estate in 45 states
Bill Ackman
Founder of Pershing Square Owner of a 7.8% stake in Target (1) Track record for creating value in consumer and retail businesses
Ron Gilson
World-renowned expert in the field of corporate governance Professor of Law and Business at both Stanford Law School and Columbia University School of Law
(1) Consisting of 3.3% in shares of common stock and 4.5% in stock options.
79
Disclaimer
The analysis and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") regarding General Growth Properties, Inc. and its affiliates (collectively, GGP or the Company) are based on publicly available information. Pershing Square recognizes that there may be confidential or otherwise non-public information in the possession of the Company that could lead the Company to disagree with Pershing Squares conclusions. The analyses provided include certain estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the Company. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Pershing Square advises funds that are in the business of trading - buying and selling - public securities. Pershing Square owns GGP equity, total return swaps, and GGP unsecured debt. It is possible that there will be developments in the future that cause such funds to change their positions regarding the Company and possibly increase, reduce, dispose of, or change the form of their investment in the Company.
1
Agenda
Why We Like General Growth Properties A Brief History Not Your Typical Bankruptcy GGPs Assets Are Greater Than Its Liabilities
Ala Moana
What is GGP?
GGP REIT
Includes Retail & Office Properties
GGMI
General Growth Management Inc.
MPC
Master Planned Communities
Over 200 regional malls (>160mm sq ft) (1) / outdoor shopping centers Over 30 grocery-anchored shopping centers Office properties in Arizona, Nevada and near Maryland / Washington D.C. 1.3bn mall visits per year >24,000 tenants >3,700 employees (2)
________________________________________________ (1) (2)
Provides management, leasing and marketing services Over 60% of revenue derived from third party (non-GGP) malls Manages many of GGPs JV malls
Develops and sells land for residential and commercial use Land located near Maryland / Washington D.C., Summerlin, NV and Houston, TX ~18,000 saleable acres
Includes anchor GLA and the Companys pro rata share of JV malls. >400,000 employees including retail tenants.
Diverse Footprint
GGP is geographically well-diversified with malls in 44 states. The Company also has interests in joint ventures in Brazil and Turkey
Memo: Market Cap $11.8bn 4.0bn 2.4bn 1.8bn 5.0bn 3.0bn Private Private Private 6.0bn
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Indicative of the strength within our portfolio is the performance of our 50 most productive United States centers. These properties generated average sales per square foot of approximately $648. Not only do these 50 centers produce tremendous sales per square foot, they also represent approximately 50% of our total mall NOI. This is one more example of the quality of our portfolio, and quality will be more important than ever as we move forward in 2008 and 2009. John Bucksbaum, Chairman and Former CEO, July 31, 2008
Because the NOI from GGPs highest quality malls should be valued at materially lower cap rates than its lower quality malls, a substantial majority of GGPs equity value is in the Companys best assets
8
6.0%
Apartment
4.0%
Office Industrial
2.0%
Mall
0.0%
(2.0%)
(4.0%)
(6.0%)
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E
________________________________________________
Source: Green Street. Sector data represents weighted average of companies in coverage universe during the period in question.
More than 75% of GGPs leases do not expire until 2012 or later
$41.07
$47.78
$53.07
$56.24
$56.04
$64.70
$67.47
$70.16
$74.81
$61.75
________________________________________________
Source: GGP Q109 operating supplement. Expiration includes Companys pro rata share of its unconsolidated segment. (1) Excludes leases on anchors of 30,000 square feet or more and tenants paying percentage rent in lieu of base minimum rent. Excludes all international operations which combined represent ~1% of segment basis real estate property NOI. Also excludes community centers. Percentage is weighted based on rent per square foot. 10 .
Embedded Growth
GGPs long term lease-based revenue model offers embedded growth in good times and mitigates revenue declines in bad times
GGP Rent & Recoverable Per Sq Ft Expiration Schedule (1)
$75 $75.00 $70 $70.00 $65 $62 $60.00 $56 $55.00 $53 $56 $67
$65.00
Average: $56
Embedded Growth Opportunity
$50.00
$48
$30.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 After
________________________________________________
Source: GGP Q109 operating supplement. Expirations include companys pro rata share of its unconsolidated segment. (1) Data includes significant proportion of short-term leases on inline spaces that are leased for one year. Rents and recoverable common area costs related to these short-term leases are typically much lower than those related to long-term leases. Any inferences the reader may draw regarding future rent spreads should be made in light of this difference between shrort- and long-term leases. . 11
Inflation-Protected
Approximately 82% of GGPs debt is fixed rate
________________________________________________
12
High Quality Assets Diversified Geographical Footprint Inflation-Protected Stable Cash Flows Diverse Tenant Mix Embedded Growth Opportunity
13
A Brief History
$70
$60
$50
$40
$30
1960: GGP opens Duck Creek Plaza, one of the first malls to have a department store anchor
August-2004: Rouse acquisition April-1993: GGP goes public on the NYSE resulting in net cash proceeds of ~$383mm
$20
$10
$0
1954 1960 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
15
$50
$40
$30
$20
June-July, 2008: The CMBS new issuance market grinds to a halt November 12, 2008: GGP market cap hits ~$100mm
Apr-08 Jul-08
$10
16
The Problem
Over the past decade, GGP was a significant issuer of CMBS with ~$15bn of CMBS debt. In mid-2008, the CMBS market shut down
U.S. CMBS New Issuance Market ($ in billions)
$250
$230
$203
$200
$169
$150
$100
$74 $67 $57 $51 $78
$93
$50
$47
$16 $0
$0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
________________________________________________
17
________________________________________________
Despite the turmoil in the credit markets, GGPs operating performance remains strong
Occupancy as of Q109
GGPs occupancy ranks among the top of its peer group
Glimcher occupancy benefitted in Q109 from the signing of temporary tenants to one year leases that had previously been excluded from the occupancy calculation. Occupancy was 90.6% as of Q307
92.0% 91.2% 91.0% 90.0% 89.0% 88.0% 87.0% 86.0% 85.0% 84.0% 83.0% Glimcher
________________________________________________
90.9%
90.8%
90.5%
90.2%
90.1%
88.9%
83.8%
General Growth
Taubman
Macerich
Westfield
CBL
Pennsylvania REIT
Note: Occupancy is defined as percent of mall shop and freestanding GLA leased. (1) SPG figures are for regional malls only. (2) CBL figures are for stabilized regional malls only (excludes new developments and redevelopments).
20
6.6%
4.0%
5.0%
7.2%
9.2%
12.6%
12.7%
9.7%
5.3%
1.4%
10.8%
10.9%
8.5%
5.1%
2.4%
________________________________________________
Note: NOI figures exclude management fee income and NOI associated with the MPC segment. Cash NOI adjusts for non-cash items such as straight-line rent, lease mark to market adjustments (FAS 141), non-cash ground rent expense and real estate tax stabilization.
Unlike most bankruptcies where equity holders lose most, if not all, of their value, we believe GGPs bankruptcy provides the ideal opportunity for a fair and equitable restructuring of the Company that preserves value for all constituents: secured lenders, unsecured lenders, employees, and equity holders
Jul-94
Apr-95
Dec-95
Amerco Bankruptcy
While in bankruptcy, Amercos stock price appreciated 456%
$80 $70 $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 Jan-03 Aug-03 Mar-04
25
February 2, 2004: Amercos Plan of Reorganization is confirmed June 20, 2003: Amerco files a voluntary petition for bankruptcy
Oct-04
May-05
Dec-05
Analyst Question: How can there be any value left for shareholders under your plan when in almost every bankruptcy stockholders receive no recovery? Have creditors signed on to your plan for a full recovery? Answer: Well, quite simply, Amerco has more assets than liabilities. Real estate appraisals showed the market value of Amercos unencumbered owned real estate is $550 million higher than stated book value. Two of four major creditor groups have agreed to our plan and were working with the remaining persons to get agreement to our plan.
27
Bankruptcy 101
1129. Confirmation of plan
(b) (2) For the purpose of this subsection, the condition that a plan be fair and equitable with respect to a class includes the following requirements: (A) With respect to a class of secured claims, the plan provides (i)(I) that the holders of such claims retain the liens securing such claims, whether the property subject to such liens is retained by the debtor or transferred to another entity, to the extent of the allowed amount of such claim (B) With respect to a class of unsecured claims (i) the plan provides that each holder of a claim of such class receive or retain on account of such claim property of a value, as of the effective date of the plan, equal to the allowed amount of such claim
Source: U.S. Bankruptcy Code, Title 11, Chapter 11, Subchapter II.
28
A fair and equitable plan only entitles creditors to recover 100% of the amount of their claims. When a debtors asset value exceeds the amount of its liabilities, equity holders are entitled to the residual value
29
1945
Extrinsic Factors Created Liquidity Crisis
1954
Extrinsic Factors Created Liquidity Crisis
N/A Insolvency No No
(Post-Filing TBV: Negative)
Yes Yes
(Post-Filing TBV: >$350mm)
Yes Yes
(Post-Filing TBV: >$1bn)*
* We believe that Tangible Book Value materially understates the fair market value of GGPs equity.
Shareholder Advocate?
Joe Shoen
Mgmt
Note: Bankruptcies since 1999 in excess of $1bn as provided by Web BRD (Bankruptcy Research Database). Post-filing tangible book value used as a proxy for asset value in excess of liabilities. Asbestos liability bankruptcies excluded from the analysis.
31
Incentives of Various Constituencies in a Typical Bankruptcy Given the incentives of the various parties involved in a typical bankruptcy, equity holders require a shareholder advocate to protect their interests
Liquidate?
Secured Creditors Unsecured Creditors Management
Valuation
Rationale
Full recovery of claim Loan to own Eliminate unsecured leverage Desire to be fulcrum security
Depends No No
Low
>Secured ; <Equity
Aim to receive 100% of postreorganization equity Hit with your eyes closed POR projections Low-struck options Minimize post-reorg leverage
Conservative
Post-reorganization equity is often underpriced as a result of the incentives of the various constituencies in a bankruptcy process
32
Given the incentives of the various constituencies in bankruptcy, what is the best way for GGP to reorganize that preserves value for secured lenders, unsecured lenders, employees, and equity holders?
A Simple Solution
A seven-year extension of GGPs secured and unsecured loans at their existing interest rates would provide the Company with sufficient time to use cash flow from operations to delever its balance sheet. With a sevenyear extension, we believe the Company would be able to repay existing creditors in full
Benefits of this Approach:
Secured and unsecured lenders receive 100% of the present value of their claims Prevents the liquidation of assets at fire-sale prices Preserves value for equity holders GGP platform remains intact Preserves jobs
34
See Mall REITs: May 2009 Update, page 6. Note that Simon is guiding for same store regional mall NOI to be up 0% to 1% in 2009e. Note that this method is conservative in that it does not account for NOI generated by future development spending projects.
35
6.04%
$1,648
$33,082 $32,155 $31,866 $32,153 $32,828 $33,813 $34,827 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 (28,059) (28,011) (27,851) (27,649) (27,372) (26,987) (26,525) $8,141 $7,263 $7,134 $7,623 $8,575 $9,944 $11,420 $25.47 $22.73 $22.32 $23.85 $26.83 $31.12 $35.74
Bridgeland improve cash flow in 2009e. Aside from Bridgeland adjustment, cash flows based on 2009-2010 Cash Flow Forecast filed by the Company. Represents annualized Q109 overhead expense. Adjusts for seasonality and $38mm of restructuring costs included in overhead line items. Ignores the potential for incremental cost saves. See valuation section for details. 36
6.45%
$3,673
Using conservative assumptions, GGP would be able to pay a 4.4% dividend yield by year 7 In this scenario, Unsecureds would require ~45% of postreorg equity to be made-whole
$33,082 $32,155 $31,866 $32,153 $32,828 $33,813 $34,827 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 (21,588) (21,588) (21,588) (21,588) (21,588) (21,588) (21,588) $14,613 $13,686 $13,397 $13,684 $14,359 $15,344 $16,358 $25.12 $22.22 $21.31 $22.21 $24.32 $27.40 $30.58 Average 45.1% 48.1% 49.2% 48.1% 45.9% 42.9% 40.3% 45.6%
Note: Assumes $6.6bn of GGPs unsecured debt converts fully into equity. (1) Assumes proceeds from ~$90mm sale of Bridgeland improve cash flow in 2009e. Aside from Bridgeland adjustment, cash flows based on 2009-2010 Cash Flow Forecast filed by the Company. (2) Represents annualized Q109 overhead expense. Adjusts for seasonality and $38mm of restructuring costs included in overhead line items. Ignores the potential for incremental cost saves. (3) Assumes weighted average interest expense of unsecured debt is 4.7%. (4) 37 See valuation section for details.
What if our Simple Solution cannot be achieved consensually? The Bankruptcy Code offers the ability for debtors to cram down creditors so long as each class of creditor receives the present value of their claims
If a creditor is not paid in cash or property upon emergence, it must receive future payments, the present value of which equals its bankruptcy claim
Plans that invoke the cram down power often provide for installment payments over a period of years rather than a single payment. In such circumstances, the amount of each installment must be calibrated to ensure that, over time, the creditor receives disbursements whose total present value equals or exceeds that of the allowed claim. Opinion of Justice Stevens, Till v. SCS Credit Corp
What interest rate must the debtor pay over time on its obligations to its creditors in a cram down?
Thus, unlike the coerced loan, presumptive contract rate, and cost of funds approaches, the formula approach entails a straightforward, familiar, and objective inquiry, and minimizes the need for potentially costly additional evidentiary proceedings. Moreover, the resulting prime-plus rate of interest depends only on the state of financial markets, the circumstances of the bankruptcy estate, and the characteristics of the loan, not on the creditors circumstances or its prior interactions with the debtor. For these reasons, the prime-plus rate best comports with the purposes of the Bankruptcy Code.
Opinion of Justice Stevens Supreme Court of the United States Till v. SCS Credit Corp May 17, 2004
42
Rate:
Prime + 2.25% Prime + 0.5% Prime + 1.0% Prime + 1.0% Prime + 3.0% Prime + 1.5% Prime + 1.5%
Source:
317 B.R. 755, 769 (Bankr.N.D.Ill.2004) 321 B.R. 716, 725 (Bankr.E.D.Cal.2004) 336 B.R. 688, 45 (Bankr.D.N.J.2006) Not Reported in B.R. (Bankr.D.N.J.2006) Not Reported in B.R. (Bankr.N.D.Iowa.2004) 311 B.R. 846, 850-51 (Bankr.E.D.Wis.2004) 322 B.R. 572, 44 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.2005)
In re Prussia Associates
The Bankruptcy Courts ruling in the case of Prussia Associates, a limited partnership that owns and operates one hotel in King of Prussia, PA, shows that even if an efficient market is deemed to exist, the Court might still opt for a prime-plus formula approach
The Court is constrained, therefore, to conclude that, although this case presented an occasion upon which it indeed made sense to inquire as to what the relevant market rate of interest might be, the totality of the evidence presented did not permit a sufficiently informed conclusion to be drawn. Put differently, this case demonstrates that the mere existence of an efficient market does not guarantee that the short-comings of the coerced loan approach to rate setting, as described in Till, will automatically be overcome. The Court will thus fall back upon Till, and the formula approach, as the preferred means for setting the interest rate herein. Opinion of Judge Raslavich United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Pennsylvania In re Prussia Associates April 5, 2005
44
What Factors Will the Court Consider in Determining the Appropriate Risk Adjustment Spread for GGP?
Based on these precedents, we believe the court could confirm a plan at a rate that is lower than GGPs current weighted average interest rate
Cash flow in excess of interest expense NOI has increased since the issuance of >95% of GGPs outstanding loans In the process of deleveraging Cutting costs, lowering development spending and reducing cash dividend
Seven years, though debt paydown begins day one Highly feasible POR Negiligible risk of nonpayment
The appropriate size of [the] risk adjustment depends, of course, on such factors as the circumstances of the estate, the nature of the security, and the duration and feasibility of the reorganization plan Opinion of Justice Stevens, Till v. SCS Credit Corp
46
Footnote 18: We note that, if the court could somehow be certain a debtor would complete his plan, the prime rate would be adequate to compensate any secured creditors forced to accept cram down loans Opinion of Justice Stevens, Till v. SCS Credit Corp.
47
Illustrative Deleveraging Analysis: Prime [3.25%] + 0.75% for Secured; Prime + 1.50% for Unsecured
A plan that sets GGPs secured debt and unsecured debt to Prime + 0.75% and Prime + 1.50%, respectively, would allow for substantial deleveraging and further increase the probability of a highly successful reorganization
(US$ in millions, except per unit data) 2008a 2009e $2,481 (2.4%) 73 98 (269) (180) (156) (183) (50) (1,161) $652 2010e $2,412 (2.8%) (38) 92 (272) (112) (197) (99) (28) (1,134) (126) $498 Seven Year Period 2011e $2,390 (0.9%) 15 91 (274) (200) (138) (35) (1,107) (120) $622 2012e $2,411 0.9% 25 92 (277) (200) (138) (35) (1,076) (124) $679 2013e $2,462 2.1% 50 96 (280) (205) (140) (35) (1,042) (137) $770 2014e $2,536 3.0% 75 102 (283) (205) (140) (35) (1,002) (155) $893 2015e $2,612 3.0% 75 108 (286) (210) (145) (35) (958) (177) $985 Total
$5,099
$33,082 $32,155 $31,866 $32,153 $32,828 $33,813 $34,827 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 3,119 (27,522) (27,024) (26,402) (25,723) (24,953) (24,060) (23,075) $8,679 $8,251 $8,583 $9,548 $10,993 $12,871 $14,871 $27.16 $25.82 $26.86 $29.88 $34.40 $40.28 $46.53
Assumes proceeds from ~$90mm sale of Bridgeland improve cash flow in 2009e. Aside from Bridgeland adjustment, cash flows based on 2009-2010 Cash Flow Forecast filed by the Company. Represents annualized Q109 overhead expense. Adjusts for seasonality and $38mm of restructuring costs included in overhead line items. Ignores the potential for incremental cost saves. Sets secured debt interest rate at Prime + 0.75% (4.00%) and unsecured debt interest rate at Prime + 1.50% (4.75%). See valuation section for details. 49
________________________________________________
A liquidation will lead to a windfall for the secured creditors It will destroy the GGP franchise A liquidation will put downward pressure on real estate values impairing other borrowers ability to refinance Nearly all REITs and other leveraged real estate owners will likely suffer the same fate if GGP is forced to liquidate
50
Valuation
Because creditors are not entitled to get more than 100% of their claim, valuation will play an important role in determining the extent to which GGP equity holders receive value in the bankruptcy process
Note that ~20% of Simons GLA relates to the Mills portfolio. These properties have lower occupancy and rent per square foot than traditional regional malls and deserve a lower valuation than typical GGP assets
________________________________________________
Share Price (as of 5/26/09) Shares & Units (1) Market Cap Pro Rata for JVs: (2) Plus: Total Debt (3) Plus: Preferred Debt Plus: Other Liabilities Less: Cash (4) Less: Other Assets (5) Less: Development Pipeline (6) TEV Less: Mgmt Business (7) Value of Simon's REIT LTM Cash NOI (8) Implied Cap Rate
$51.32 343 $17,598 24,172 276 1,983 (2,847) (2,285) (256) 38,641 (423) 38,218 $3,211 8.4%
(1) Includes 23mm share issuance on 5/12. Includes diluted shares as detailed on pg. 8 of Simon's operating supplement. (2) Numbers as reported in pro-rata balance sheet. (3) Includes $600mm senior note issuance on 5/12. (4) Includes proceeds from 23mm share issuance and $600mm senior note issuance, net of 3% fees. (5) Excludes goodwill. (6) Applies 25% discount to Simon's share of U.S. CIP (page 41 of operating supplement). (7) Applies 25% EBIT margin to LTM fee income of $130mm and a 13.0x EBIT multiple. (8) Excludes mgmt income. Adjusts for non-cash revenue items such as straight-line rent and FAS 141. NOI calculation deducts interest income and land sale gains from other revenue to be apples to apples with GGP.
54
________________________________________________
55
Low $2,524 8.5% $29,689 (28,174) (121) (1,585) 722 1,777 603 2,911 $9.11
High $2,524 7.5% $33,647 (28,174) (121) (1,585) 722 1,777 603 6,870 $21.50
We believe the market assigns 100bp risk premium for Simons refinancing risk
LTM Cash NOI (1) Cap Rate Implied Value of GGP's REIT Pro Rata for JVs: (2) Less: Total Debt (3) Less: Preferred Debt Less: Other Liabilities (4) Plus: Cash (5) Plus: Other Assets (6) Plus: Development Pipeline (7) Implied Equity Value Per Share
Note that GGPs 2006 Loan Agreement uses a 6.75% Retail Cap Rate in its calculation of Capitalization Value for covenant purposes
(1) Excludes mgmt income. Adjusts for non-cash revenue items such as straight-line rent, FAS 141, and non- cash ground rent expense. (2) Applies 50% share to condensed balance sheet of unconsolidated real estate affiliates in 10-Q. (3) Includes $400mm DIP loan. (4) Excludes book value of deferred tax liabilities as these mostly relate to MPC. These are taken into account when valuing the MPC segment. (5) Includes $400mm DIP proceeds. (6) Excludes goodwill. (7) 40% discount to book value. 56
Why 7.5%
Assuming that (i) GGPs A caliber assets deserve a 7.0% cap rate and (ii) 75% of GGPs NOI is derived from A assets, GGPs A assets alone are worth more than its liabilities
Assumptions:
GGPs top 50 assets generate 50% of NOI (see pg. 8) We estimate GGP has >80 A caliber assets (see pg. 7) Therefore, we assume ~75% of GGPs NOI is derived from A assets
________________________________________________ (1)
Illustrative Analysis: GGPs A Assets Alone are Greater than its Liabilities
($ in millions)
This analysis suggests GGPs A mall assets alone validate GGPs current market cap. When buying the equity at ~$1.19, one is getting the following for free: >130 non A malls >30 grocery-anchored strip centers GGMI MPC Hidden Asset Value
LTM Cash NOI (1) % of NOI from 'A' assets LTM Cash NOI - 'A' assets Illustrative Cap Rate - 'A' assets Asset Value - 'A' Assets Less: Total Debt (1) Less: Preferred Debt Less: Other Liabilities (1) Plus: Cash (1) Plus: Other Assets (1) Plus: Development Pipeline (1) Net Asset Value - 'A' Assets
$2,524 75.0% 1,893 7.0% $27,038 (28,174) (121) (1,585) 722 1,777 603 $260
57
9.0%
8.0%
7.0%
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
Ja n86 Ja n87 Ja n88 Ja n89 Ja n90 Ja n91 Ja n92 Ja n93 Ja n94 Ja n95 Ja n96 Ja n97 Ja n98 Ja n99 Ja n00 Ja n01 Ja n02 Ja n03 Ja n04 Ja n05 Ja n06 Ja n07 Ja n08 Ja n09
________________________________________________
58
Source: Green Street. Cap rates are weighted by (% NOI from primary property type times market cap). Data from January, 1986 through February, 2009.
Value of GGMI
GGMI is one of the few national platforms capable of providing management and leasing services to regional retail centers. We estimate its value to be between $1 and $2 per share
($ in millions, except per share data) Low LTM Management Income & other fees EBIT Margin (1) LTM EBIT Multiple Value of GGMI Per Share $100 25.0% $25 13.0x $326 $1.02 High $100 35.0% $35 17.0x $596 $1.87
GGMI likely deserves a higher multiple given that CB Richard Elliss fee stream is more transaction driven
________________________________________________ (1) Pershing Square estimate.
59
Value of MPC
We estimate the net value of GGPs MPC segment to be anywhere between $0.27 and $6.72 per share
($ in millions, except per share data) Low
Estimated Value Per Share Gross Value of MPC as of 12/31/07 (1) Less: Estimated Bridgeland Portion (2) Gross Value of MPC as of 12/31/07 excl. Bridgeland Memo: Net Book Value (as of 3/31/09) Haircut Adj. Gross Value of MPC Plus: Estimated Proceeds from Sale of Bridgeland, net (3) Less: Present Value of Deferred Tax Liability (4) Net Value of MPC Per Share $3,280 (721) 2,559 1,391 100.0% 87 $87 $0.27
High
$3,280 (392) 2,888 1,391 20.0% 2,311 87 (250) $2,148 $6.72
As of 12/31/07, management estimated the gross value of these assets to be $3.3bn, more than $10 per share
This segment generated ~$150mm of net cash flow in 2005 and ~$190mm in 2006
________________________________________________
Note: Does not reflect impact of Contingent Stock Agreement, which could, in certain circumstances, create meaningful dilution. (1) Represents managements valuation of the gross assets as of 12/31/07. Source: page 22 of Q308 operating supplement. (2) Low case trues up 3/31/09 net book value of Bridgeland as a % of managements 12/31/07 gross value estimate. High case represents Bridgeland net book value as of 3/31/09. (3) Assumes Bridgeland is divested for $90mm, net of 3% transaction fees. (4) Pershing Square estimate. The present value of the tax liability will depend on the operating performance of the segment.
60
63
Relative to other REITs, GGPs capital structure consists of a high amount of non-recourse mortgage debt The substantial majority of GGPs ~$22bn of secured financing is non-recourse
64
65
Conservative Assumptions:
Cap rate of 9.4% based on the current market cap of $380mm GGMI is worth $1.02 per share MPC is worth $0.27 per share No value assigned to hidden asset value opportunities
________________________________________________
Note: Current implied market cap based on $1.19 stock price as of 5/26/09. 66
Conclusion GGP equity offers an enormous potential reward for the risk taken High quality, recession-resistant assets Principal risks are bankruptcy court outcome and a further severe economic decline We believe bankruptcy law precedent and public policy will lead to a favorable outcome for shareholders Inflation is the friend of the leveraged mall company The nuisance value of the equity is meaningfully greater than zero
67
O No!
October 6, 2009
Disclaimer
The analyses and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") contained in this presentation are based on publicly available information. Pershing Square recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the companies discussed in the presentation that could lead these companies to disagree with Pershing Squares conclusions. This presentation and the information contained herein is not a recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell any securities. The analyses provided may include certain statements, estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the companies, access to capital markets and the values of assets and liabilities. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Funds managed by Pershing Square and its affiliates own investments in real estate investment trust including long investments (e.g., General Growth Properties, Inc.) as well as short investments (e.g., Realty Income Corporation). With respect to short investments, such investments may include, without limitation, credit-default swaps, equity put options and short sales of common stock. Pershing Square manages funds that are in the business of trading - buying and selling securities and financial instruments. It is possible that there will be developments in the future that cause Pershing Square to change its position regarding the companies discussed in this presentation. Pershing Square may buy, sell, cover or otherwise change the form of its investment regarding such companies for any or no reason. Pershing Square hereby disclaims any duty to provide any updates or changes to the analyses contained here including, without limitation, the manner or type of any Pershing Square investment.
1
Capitalization:
Enterprise value: $4.3 billion Equity market value: $2.7 billion Total Debt (and preferred) / Enterprise value: ~40%
(2)
Tenants:
Typically leased to regional or local retailers Many large tenants have junk credit ratings Many smaller tenants are unrated and compete in struggling sectors of the
retail industry Average remaining lease term is ~11.6 years Occupancy rate is currently very high at 97%
We believe a decline in occupancy is likely as tenant quality deteriorates
Source: 6/30/09 10-Q. 3
Trading Multiples
$25 105 $2,668 $1,645 4,313 19 $227
Recent share price Fully diluted shares Market Value of Equity Net Debt and Preferred Enterprise Value Rentable Square Feet (mm) Enterprise Value / Sq Ft
(1)
(2)
Price / Recurring FFO Yield Price / Recurring AFFO (3) Yield Dividend yield (4)
1) Based on the treasury stock method using all options outstanding. Includes all unvested restricted stock. 2) 2009E Cash NOI ($316mm) is based on estimates for recurring NOI adjusted for straight line rents. 3) Recurring AFFO = Estimated recurring net income + D&A recurring capital expenditures straight line rent adjustment. 4) 2009E dividend yield annualized for current monthly dividend.
5
Realty Incomes stated business purpose is to maintain and grow its monthly dividend
10
Properties often have limited alternative use and high re-leasing risk
Unlike prime shopping center locations, Realty Incomes standalone locations
deterioration
Realty Income is responsible for all expenses (taxes, insurance) and capital
bubbles
We believe that the monthly dividend marketing tactic has created demand for O stock from retail investors who may not value the company appropriately At a 9.5% Cap Rate and a 7.5% decline in NOI, Realty Income would have a stock price of ~$14 (down ~46%)
13
Analysts and investors have asked for more tenant disclosure, but the Company has refused QUESTION: Why? ANSWER: We believe that Os tenant quality is poor and the company is concerned about the impact of transparency on its stock price
14
Analyst: I was just wondering if the RV dealer, Camping World, that's at that 1.2 times, 1.22 times [EBITDAR-to-rent coverage] at the low end, if they're one of the ones that only discloses annually? I was just surprised to see that that 1.22 didn't move. Company Representative: Right. We do not discuss the individual business of tenants, so I wouldn't comment to that. Analyst: Okay. Company Representative: And we never referred to them as that tenant.
15
Analyst: The other thing is Rite Aid announced that they're seeking rent relief on 500 stores earlier this quarter -- or I guess in the second quarter. Of the 24 Rite Aids that are in your portfolio, do you have any exposure? I mean it's obviously not their whole -- their entire store base. It's just a fraction of their system. I'm just wondering if you have any exposure to that. Company Representative: Yes, it's not our policy to comment on our individual tenants and what they're doing. We could sit here all day. We have 118 tenants. And a lot of times on these calls, people get mentioned who aren't our tenants, so that's the policy we'll maintain.
As of 6/30/09
21% 17% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 2% 16% 100%
16
Although Realty Income does not disclose its tenants, it provides tenant industry information
Nearly 40% are restaurants (predominantly casual dining restaurants) and convenience stores
Commentary Adj. Debt / EBITDAR: 6.5x (1) Emerged from bankruptcy in 2009 Adj. Debt / EBITDAR: 5.0x (2) Bonds trade at 9.75% yield Adj. Debt/ EBITDAR: 7.4x (3) Morgan Stanley Private Equity LBO Adj. Debt/ EBITDAR: 5.9x (4)
Junk: B+
Junk: B-
Junk: B-
Junk: B1
Sources for tenants: Compiled using Wall Street Research, Os filings, Os website, various press reports and Os earnings conference calls. 1) Source: Moodys, April 2009. Based on Moodys estimates post emergence from bankruptcy. 2) Source: Company filings, LTM ended June 2009. Capitalized operating rents calculated at 8x rent expense. 3) Based on Learning Care Group (parent company) S&P corporate ratings, leverage estimate for LTM ended June 2009. 4) Source: S&P, leverage estimate for LTM ended June 2009. 5) Source: Moodys, leverage estimate for LTM ended June 2009. 6) Based on Citi sell-side report entitled, Realty Income Corp (O): Non-Investment Grade Tenant Credit Weakness and Margin Pressure Add Risk, dated 8/1/08. 17
Leverage / Commentary Largest Pizza Hut franchisee Adj. Debt / EBITDAR: 5.7x Merrill Lynch PE LBO (2006) Adj. Debt/ EBITDAR: 5.8x
NPC International
Adj. Debt/ EBITDAR: 9.6x Bonds trade between 10 - 13%+ yield LTM EBITDA is negative
Specialty retailer of home furnishings Specialty apparel retailer Convenience store operator
Leonard Green LBO (2006) Mezz. Loan implied yield of ~18% O provided $100.5m of saleleaseback financing for Alimentation Couche-Tard acquisition of Circle K
Source for Adj. Debt / EBITDAR: Company filings (capitalized operating rents calculated at 8x rent expense) and recent credit rating agency reports. Sources for tenants: Compiled using Wall Street Research, O filings, Os website, various press reports and Os earnings conference calls. 1) We define a major tenant as renting 10 or more Realty Income properties OR involved in a sale/leaseback transaction with O for $30m or greater. 18
If a Tenant Files for Bankruptcy Tenant bankruptcy filings raise a number of issues:
Tenants in Chapter 11 could choose to reject their lease(s) Vacant properties have re-leasing risk, typically require significant capital investment and brokerage commissions, and may be re-leased at materially lower rents Tenants armed with market and/or bankruptcy leverage will likely seek to renegotiate rents
19
$3,000
$3.1 bn
$2,500
$2,000
2006
$350mm
$1,500
$1.4 bn
$1,000
2007
Undisclosed amount
$500
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
20
2008
Note: Realty Income entered into a sale/leaseback transaction with Friendlys in October 2007, shortly after the August 2007 LBO of Friendlys by Sun Capital.
Decline in Recurring 2009E NOI (1) 0.0% Recurring AFFO/share (2) Current annualized dividend Dividend coverage Required Dividend Decrease $1.76 $1.76 $1.71 103% NA -2.5% $1.68 $1.71 98% -2% -5.0% $1.61 $1.71 94% -6% -7.5% $1.53 $1.71 89% -11% -10.0% $1.46 $1.71 85% -15%
1) Calculation of AFFO assumes $21mm of G&A expenses, $3mm of capex and straight line rent adjustments, and $86mm of interest expense. 2) Recurring AFFO = Recurring Net Income + D&A Cap Ex straight line rent adjustment. 21
its current dividend from operating cash flow Liquidity from Os current revolver may be at risk if there are sufficient asset writedowns or sufficient reductions in FFO(1) (2)
Asset writedowns could be caused by tenant bankruptcies and / or declines
O may need to reduce its cash dividend which we expect would adversely impact its stock price
Many retail shareholders own the stock for its monthly dividend
We believe that Os stock price depends on its ability to maintain its monthly dividend
1) Dividends and Other Restricted Payments covenant: Per the Credit Agreement (5/15/08), quarterly dividends and share repurchases may not exceed 95% of FFO plus preferred dividends for each of the trailing four quarters. 2) Minimum Tangible Net Worth covenant: Per the Credit Agreement (5/15/08), we estimate that O must maintain a Tangible Net Worth of ~$1.3bn and that Tangible Net Worth is currently ~$1.6bn (as of 6/30/09) implying that O has an approximate $0.3bn cushion under that credit facility. Os Net PPE is approximately $2.8bn. 22
We believe that if Realty Incomes stock price were to decline meaningfully, its business model could be in jeopardy
23
Given Os recent stock price of ~$25, we would not be surprised if Realty Income issues equity soon, based on this history
24
Millington, TN
9,752
$176
11%
Springfield, MO
11,557
$148
11%
Simpsonville, SC
10,607
$161
11%
Gastonia, NC
10,164
$169
11%
Oak Ridge, TN
10,403
$165
11%
Seymour, IN
12,331
$139
11%
Foley, AL
10,996
$156
11%
Gardendale, AL
11,066
$155
11%
25
State
CT GA GA GA MA MS NJ NJ TX TX TX VA WA WI CA MI IN TX PA
Land Size
1 Acre 48,351 39,204 1.3 Acres 23,990 22,000 105,850 96,703 61,021 56,327 20,892 0.75 Acres 31,947 0.25 Acres 34,788 71,743 58,065 33,149 23,225
Listing Price
$299,000 $700,000 $440,000 $650,000 $460,000 $500,000 $990,000 $990,000 $850,000 $925,000 $500,000 $995,000 $1,200,000 $250,000 $870,000 $735,000 $900,000 $925,000 $600,000
Price/ Bldg Sq Ft
$49 $109 $95 $102 $106 $108 $199 $209 $58 $106 $68 $194 $166 $51 $140 $83 $98 $150 $95
Source: www.knowledgelearning.com/xls/Real-Estate-Listings.xls
If private market cap rates today for Realty Income-type properties are between 10% - 11%, then why should Realty Income trade at a 7.3% cap rate?
28
31
Assuming 2009E recurring Cash NOI of $316mm, if NOI drops only 5% to 10% and Os cap rate increases to 9.5% to 10.5%, Realty Incomes stock price could decline ~43% to ~60% from recent prices
Decline in 2009E Cash NOI -2.5% -5.0% -7.5% -10.0% $19 $18 $17 $16 $17 $16 $15 $14 $15 $14 $14 $13 $14 $13 $12 $11 $12 $12 $11 $10 $11 $10 $10 $9
Stock price return (from $25) at various cap rates and decline rates in 2009E Cash NOI
Decline in 2009E Cash NOI -5.0% -7.5% -10.0% -29% -33% -36% -37% -40% -43% -43% -46% -49% -49% -52% -55% -54% -57% -60% -59% -62% -65%
Cap rate
Cap rate
to our executive officers given the focus of our business on monthly dividends
Executive
Thomas A. Lewis Gary M. Malino Paul M. Meurer Michael R. Pfeiffer Richard G. Collins Robert J. Israel Laura S. King Michael K. Press
33
Title
CEO, Vice Chairman COO CFO General Counsel EVP, Portfolio Management SVP, Research SVP, Assistant GC SVP, Head of Acquisitions
Age
56 51 43 48 60 49 47 35
Conclusion
We believe that Realty Incomes current shareholders are not being sufficiently compensated for the companys tenant risk
Shareholders and investors should demand transparency from Os management
We believe that the SEC should require Reality Income to disclose its tenants because without this information it is nearly impossible to value the company and its associated risks At $25 and a 7.3% cap rate, we believe there is little downside to the short
~40% premium to current private market valuations Company has historically issued stock at these levels Ceiling on valuation
34
Prisons Dilemma
October 20, 2009
Disclaimer
The analyses and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") contained in this presentation are based on publicly available information. Pershing Square recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the companies discussed in the presentation that could lead these companies to disagree with Pershing Squares conclusions. This presentation and the information contained herein is not a recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell any securities. The analyses provided may include certain statements, estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the companies, access to capital markets and the values of assets and liabilities. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Funds managed by Pershing Square and its affiliates have invested in common stock and total return swaps on Corrections Corporation of America (CXW). Pershing Square manages funds that are in the business of trading buying and selling securities and financial instruments. It is possible that there will be developments in the future that cause Pershing Square to change its position regarding CXW. Pershing Square may buy, sell, cover or otherwise change the form of its investment in CXW for any reason. Pershing Square hereby disclaims any duty to provide any updates or changes to the analyses contained here including, without limitation, the manner or type of any Pershing Square investment.
Largest private prison company Fifth largest prison manager behind California, the Bureau of Prisons, Texas and Florida
Capitalization:
Enterprise value: $4.1 billion Equity market value: $2.9 billion
Overview of CXW
CXW operates its business in two segments: Owned & Managed Facilities and Managed Facilities
Managed Facilities
CXW operates facilities on the governments behalf, but does not own the underlying property 20 managed facilities 25,916 beds ~14% Facility EBITDA margin Subject to higher competition
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Market Leader
CXW is the clear leader in privatized prisons, controlling approximately 46% of the private prison and jail beds in the U.S.
________________________________________________
~12,000
________________________________________________
~7,000
~2,000
NA
________________________________________________
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic: Prison Inmates at Midyear 2008, CXW investor presentation, Aug. 2009. 7
________________________________________________
Across the state of California, facilities are running at 170% of designed capacity
8
________________________________________________
________________________________________________ (1)
Source: 2007 Pew Charitable Trusts report Public Safety, Public Spending Forecasting Americas Prison Population 2007 2011. Annual Operating Cost per Inmate for the year 2005. States vary widely; for instance, California had a $34k annual operating cost per inmate in 2005. 10
11
12
13
Federal Demand Drivers BOP: Shift from 137% to 115% capacity (1) BOP: Undeveloped growth (2) USMS / ICE (3) Incremental Federal Demand CXW inventory (as of 8/1/09) (4) Incr. Federal Demand as % of Inventory Capture Rate Required to Fill Inventory
________________________________________________ (1) (2)
(3) (4)
Based on 172,827 inmates in BOP facilities as of 9/26/09. Source: BOP website. Assumes the shift from 137% to 115% takes place over the next three years. The BOP projects its inmate population will grow by ~19,000 inmates from 2008 to 2011 but has only planned the development of ~12,000 beds. Assumes ~5% growth of USMS / ICE inmate populations over the next three years. Includes 2,572 beds not yet developed. Source: CXW investor presentation, Aug. 2009.
Of the 19 state customers that CCA does business with, we are currently
estimating that those states will have an incremental growth that will be twice as much as their funded plan capacity by 2013. Damon Hininger, CEO, Q1 Earnings Call
15
We estimate CXWs owned beds represent >40% of the industrys spare capacity
Incremental CXW Beds (Owned) 1.4 Occupancy (Owned) 90.3% Memo: Pershing Square Forecast Incremental CXW Beds (Owned) Occupancy (Owned) 1.4 90.3%
(1) Source ('04-'07): Bureau of Justice Statistics and Office of Detention Trustee Statistics. Excludes juvenile, jail and ICE population. Source ('08-'12): In 2007, Pew Charitable Trust estimated there will be an incremental 153,000 prisoners by YE 2011. This analysis assumes an incremental 140,000 prisoners by YE 2012. (2) Source ('04-'07): Bureau of Justice Statistics and Office of Detention Trustee Statistics. Excludes juvenile, jail and ICE population. Assumes 35% private capture rate in 2008 and 25% private capture rate going forward.
16
Increased crime during times of economic weakness and high U.S. recidivism rates drive post-recessionary inmate population growth
Of 300,000 prisoners released from 15 states in 1994, 67.5% were rearrested for a new offense within three years (1)
17
________________________________________________
18
While this contribution margin analysis implies $230mm of incremental EBITDA, we believe the actual number will be somewhere between $100mm and $230mm
________________________________________________
Source: CXW Q209 financial supplement. See page 33 of the CXW investor presentation for details of the assumptions used to derive managements ~$100mm estimate. (1) The vast majority of CXWs fixed expense is labor. Also includes utilities, property taxes, insurance, repairs & maintenance and other similar expenses. (2) Includes legal, medical, food, welfare and other similar expenses. (3) This analysis is illustrative. We note that there will be some amount of incremental fixed expense associated with the ramp-up of CXWs inventory as staffing requirements increase with occupancy. 19 We further note that some of the beds in CXWs inventory have not yet been developed, and therefore do not yet have associated fixed expenses.
Q208a 126.5
Q308a 126.5
20
$1.73 $1.40 $1.06 $0.84 $0.59 $0.64 $0.53 $0.40 $0.61 $0.86 $1.20 $1.07
Diluted EPS
________________________________________________
Normalized FCFPS
21
________________________________________________
22
________________________________________________
23
Title Director Chairman Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer General Counsel Chief Corrections Officer Chief of Human Resources
Total Beneficial Ownership (1) 525,523 1,711,455 50,916 1,282,934 83,124 5,500 100,166 97,700 72,998 47,284 87,232 352,410 1,377,920 20,489 134,072 159,295 144,742 91,984 6,453,308 5.4%
Source: CXW March 31, 2009 proxy and Bloomberg. (1) Includes shares that could be purchased upon exercise of stock options at March 1, 2009 or within 60 days thereafter. (2) William Rusak was succeeded by Brian Collins on September 14, 2009. (3) Based on 117,681,012 shares outstanding as of March 1, 2009. Deems shares that could be purchased upon exercise of stock options as shares outstanding. 24
Valuation
Summary Financials
2008a Avg Occupied Beds (owned only) Avg Total Beds (owned only) Occupancy (owned only) Revenue
Growth
431
27.0%
445
27.0%
467
27.1%
514
28.1%
571
29.6%
Cap Rate Analysis TEV Less: Mgmt Business (1) PropCo TEV 2009e NOI (owned only) (2) Cap Rate $4,057 (400) $3,657 445 12.2%
EBITDA
Margin
395
24.7%
402
24.3%
419
24.3%
462
25.3%
518
26.8%
359
22.5%
362
22.0%
372
21.6%
414
22.7%
470
24.3%
$1.73
23.6%
$1.84
6.4%
$1.95
5.9%
$2.34
19.9%
$2.90
23.8%
Trading Multiples
2008a TEV / EBITDA TEV / EBITDA - Maint Capex Implied Cap Rate P / Normalized FCFPS 10.3x 11.3x 11.8% 14.2x 2009e 10.1x 11.2x 12.2% 13.3x 2010e 9.7x 10.9x 12.7% 12.6x 2011e 8.8x 9.8x 14.0% 10.5x 2012e 7.8x 8.6x 15.6% 8.5x
Applies an 8.0x multiple to Facility EBITDA from the management business. NOI is defined as Facility EBITDA from CXWs Owned & Managed segment (owned only). Assumes a 38% cash tax rate. Assumes CXW uses future free cash flow to repurchase shares at a premium to market.
26
$24.50
$25 $20 $15 $10 $5 $0 $85,000 $75,000 $65,000 $55,000 $45,000 $35,000
Jan-07
Jul-07
Feb-08
Stock Price
Sep-08
TEV / Bed
Mar-09
Oct-09
46,681
48,933
50,909
53,464
59,184
61,054
125.3
125.6
126.1
27
126.5
120.6
115.7
14x
11x
9.8x
8x
5x
Jan-07 Jul-07 Feb-08 Sep-08 Mar-09 Oct-09
85.9%
________________________________________________
87.1%
88.9%
28
89.8%
89.6%
90.1%
Principal Asset Primary Tenant Growth Opportunity Maint Capex as % of Revenue Tenant Allowances Return on New Development Competition for Existing Units Competition for New Construction Cyclicality
Real Estate Government Secular ~2% None High Local Monopoly Oligopoly Low
29
CXW has creditworthy tenants, requires limited maintenance capex, and enjoys excellent competitive dynamics all features of a high quality real estate business
(1)
Government ~2%
Supply / demand imbalance provides secular tailwind
Government ~3.5%
Aging baby boomers provide secular tailwind
>12%
~7%
Source: Green Street research and Pershing Square estimates. 30 (1) We define typical health care REITs to include senior housing, skilled nursing, MOBs, hospitals and life sciences. (2) Maintenance capex is low for health care REITs due to the triple-net leases associated with senior housing, skilled nursing and hospitals.
By December-97, CCA Prison Realty Trusts stock had moved up to the $40s, trading at a ~5% cap rate and a ~4% dividend yield
33
May-05
Jun-07
Jul-09
It had too much leverage It had an overly aggressive development plan Its tenant, OpCo, was also over-leveraged (1)
________________________________________________ (1)
The rates on the Operating Company leases were set with the intention that the public stockholders of New Prison Realty would receive as much of the benefit as possible from owning and operating the correctional and detention facilities. In fact, the Operating Company lease rates were set so that Operating Company was projected to lose money for the first several years of its existence. Source: CXW 2002 10-K.
35
NOLs
CXW has not been a large taxpayer for the last eight years because of substantial NOLs that are now exhausted
Total: $149mm Total: $165mm
$90 $80 $70 $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 2001a 2002a 2003a 2004a 2005a 2006a 2007a 2008a 2009e 2010e
9.4%
2.4%
3.4%
20.4%
8.2%
36
24.1%
22.5%
37.6%
38.0%
30%
25.7% 26.0%
25%
19.7% 19.9% 18.4%
20%
15%
10%
9.3%
5%
2006a
2007a
2008a
2009e
2010e
Management Gets It
The other thing I would point out is before we'd even sell stock, that there's a lot of value in these assets. I hear people talking to me about regional malls selling at six cap rates or parking garages selling at five cap rates or 20 times cash flow and you think about -- or highways selling at 50 times cash flow, you think about prisons as infrastructure or some type of real estate asset, I think these could be even sold and harvested in some fashion to avoid selling stock in the future. So there are a number of things that we could do to finance our growth, but just with respect to cash flow and leverage, we could go quite a ways. Irving Lingo, Former-CFO of Corrections Corp, Q206 Earnings Call
38
Conclusions
Market Leader / Competitive Advantage Secular Growth Opportunity Several Near-Term Catalysts Stable Free Cash Flow in Excess of EPS Strong Management Strong Balance Sheet Attractive ROC / Low Cost of Capital
39
Disclaimer
The analyses and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") contained in this presentation are based on publicly available information. Pershing Square recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the companies discussed in the presentation that could lead these companies to disagree with Pershing Squares conclusions. This presentation and the information contained herein is not a recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell any securities. The analyses provided may include certain statements, estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the companies, access to capital markets and the values of assets and liabilities. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Funds managed by Pershing Square and its affiliates have invested in long and short positions of certain mall REITs, including long positions in General Growth Properties Inc. Pershing Square manages funds that are in the business of actively trading buying and selling securities and financial instruments. Pershing Square may currently or in the future change its position regarding any of the securities it owns. Pershing Square reserves the right to buy, sell, cover or otherwise change the form of its investment in any company for any reason. Pershing Square hereby disclaims any duty to provide any updates or changes to the analyses contained here including, without limitation, the manner or type of any Pershing Square investment.
________________________________________________
At the Beginning of 2009, The World was a Very Different Place for Mall REITs
The U.S. economy was on the verge of a depression The U.S. consumer had hit the wall Credit markets were closed Mall REIT balance sheets were dangerously leveraged Cap rates increased and transactions stopped as bidask spreads widened Bankruptcy risk and tenant right-sizing initiatives were expected to result in massive store closures Rent relief was a serious concern Tenant sales were expected to fall off a cliff
2
Since Then
(6.0%)
(5.4%) (6.4%)
(8.0%)
Q208
________________________________________________
Q308
Q408
4
Q109
Q209
Q309
9.5%
9.4%
9.0%
8.5% July
________________________________________________
August
September
5
October
November
________________________________________________
55.0
Mar-May 2008
Jun-Aug 2008
Sept-Nov 2008
8
Dec-Feb 2009
Mar-May 2009
Jun-Aug 2009
Sept-Nov 2009
Source: University of Michigan / Bloomberg. Most recent data point available as of 11/25/09.
________________________________________________
10
1,106
________________________________________________
11
50 45 40 35 30 25 20
Jan-09
________________________________________________
$45
Mar-09
May-09
12
Jul-09
Sep-09
Dec-09
________________________________________________
13
________________________________________________
Source: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research (December 2, 2009). Includes AMB Property Corp (AMB), ProLogis (PLD), Boston Properties (BXP), DDR Corp (DDR), Vornado (VNO), Brandywine Realty (BDN), Kimco (KIM), Avalonbay (AVB), Alexandria Real Estate (ARE), Ventas (VTR) and Simon Property Group (SPG).
Based on secondary market trading, if Simon were to issue debt today, an issuance of five year unsecured debt could potentially be completed at a cost of 5% or less Credit Suisse Equity Research, December 4, 2009
14
________________________________________________
16
60.0%
59.1% 57.3%
57.5%
56.7%
57.0%
56.9%
55.0%
54.9% 53.7%
52.5%
52.2%
50.0%
47.5% May
________________________________________________
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Source: Green Street Real Estate Securities Monthly. (1) Total liabilities (including preferred shares) net of cash as a % of current value of assets. Mall average includes CBL, GGP, Glimcher, Macerich, PREIT, Simon, Tanger, Taubman and Westfield.
17
Mall REIT Cap Rates Have Declined and Should Decline Further Based on Historical Precedent
Although mall REIT cap rates have come in from their double-digit highs, they still trade at a wide spread to corporate Baa yields
Mall Implied Cap Rate vs. Baa Yields
10.0% 9.5% 9.0% 8.5% 8.0% 7.5% 7.0% 6.5% 6.0% 5.5% 5.0%
Ja n0 M 5 ar -0 M 5 ay -0 5 Ju l-0 Se 5 p0 N 5 ov -0 Ja 5 n0 M 6 ar -0 M 6 ay -0 6 Ju l-0 Se 6 p0 N 6 ov -0 Ja 6 n0 M 7 ar -0 M 7 ay -0 7 Ju l-0 Se 7 p0 N 7 ov -0 Ja 7 n0 M 8 ar -0 M 8 ay -0 8 Ju l-0 Se 8 p0 N 8 ov -0 Ja 8 n0 M 9 ar -0 M 9 ay -0 9 Ju l-0 Se 9 p0 N 9 ov -0 9
________________________________________________
7.8% 6.3%
19
White Knights
Although there have been some tenant bankruptcies year-to-date, white knight buyers have minimized store liquidations
Selected Bankruptcies
Eddie Bauer Jun-09
White Knight
Golden Gate Aug-09
Comments
In July, CCMP bid $202mm for Eddie Bauer w/ plan to liquidate 121 of 371 stores In August, Golden Gate beat out CCMP w/ $286mm bid Golden Gate plans to keep the substantial majority of the companys stores open
David Ritz and RCI Acquisition LLC beat out three liquidators at auction Ritz will attempt to keep all the remaining 375 stores open, though some closures still expected In May, Crown Acquisition bid $22mm for Filenes w/ plan to liquidate 8 stores In June, a joint venture formed by Syms and Vornado beat out Crown w/ a $62.4mm bid Vornado / Syms plan to operate Filenes remaining 22 outlets and re-open a location in Boston
At the beginning of 2009, Talbots had been considering winding down its J. Jill concept In June, Golden Gate acquired the J. Jill retail chain for $75mm Golden Gate plans to keep open 204 of the existing 279 locations open
Store closures that have arisen in bankruptcy have tended to be in lowquality, underperforming locations
21
Strategic Acquirer(s)
Forever 21 Jun-09 Dicks Sporting Goods Jul-09 Forever 21 / Kohls Dec-08
Comments
Gottschalks auctioned to liquidation company, Great American Group 13 retail spaces sold to Forever 21 on June 10, 2009 Joes Sports sold to liquidator Gordon Brothers for $61mm 6 retail spaces sold to Dicks Sporting Goods in July, which will be opened by year-end In December, Kohls and Forever 21 acquired 46 Mervyns leases for $6.25mm Forever 21 primarily focused on Mervyns mall-based locations Speculation that Forever 21 has acquired additional Mervyns spaces since December
22
Current
Charlotte Russe Cheesecake Factory Chico's Children's Place Coach Coldwater Creek Dick's Sporting Goods Dressbarn Subtotal
________________________________________________
212 515 14 874 116 32 15 52 40 495 145 344 71 917 324 348 384 834 697 6,429
213 522 16 894 11 137 33 25 57 42 501 146 347 76 950 340 356 420 846 741 6,673
Source: Company filings, earnings transcripts, investor presentations, company press releases. In some cases, stores were counted from the store locator on the companies websites. This analysis is not meant to be comprehensive and is limited by its inability to get information for private or international based tenants (i.e. Forever 21, Luxottica, etc) as well as many public companies. (1) Where available, attempted to limit store count to U.S., mall-based locations; however, many store counts include international stores or non mall-based locations. (2) Beginning of Year 2009. Most store data is as of January 31, 2009. 23 (3) Most store data is as of October 31, 2009 or November 2009.
Current
JC Penney Liz Claiborne Lululemon Athletica LVMH New York & Co Nordstrom Subtotal
________________________________________________
4,331 1,012 157 2,774 425 583 38 115 169 108 211 6 12 1,093 62 113 898 589 109 12,805
2 4,425 1,022 162 2,806 433 594 62 120 175 128 243 9 17 1,109 65 119 963 592 112 13,158
Source: Company filings, earnings transcripts, investor presentations, company press releases. In some cases, stores were counted from the store locator on the companies websites. This analysis is not meant to be comprehensive and is limited by its inability to get information for private or international based tenants (i.e. Forever 21, Luxottica, etc) as well as many public companies. (1) Where available, attempted to limit store count to U.S., mall-based locations; however, many store counts include international stores or non mall-based locations. (2) Beginning of Year 2009. Most store data is as of January 31, 2009. 24 (3) Most store data is as of October 31, 2009 or November 2009.
Current
355 101 449 739 587 387 573 1,043 5 76 142 121 30 698 409 36 10 343 6,104 25,338
360 109 537 751 589 405 582 1,046 9 78 151 133 34 733 420 40 11 378 6,366 26,197
Source: Company filings, earnings transcripts, investor presentations, company press releases. In some cases, stores were counted from the store locator on the companies websites. This analysis is not meant to be comprehensive and is limited by its inability to get information for private or international based tenants (i.e. Forever 21, Luxottica, etc) as well as many public companies. (1) Where available, attempted to limit store count to U.S., mall-based locations; however, many store counts include international stores or non mall-based locations. (2) Beginning of Year 2009. Most store data is as of January 31, 2009. 25 (3) Most store data is as of October 31, 2009 or November 2009.
97.5%
92.5%
92.2%
90.0%
87.5%
85.0% Q1'08
________________________________________________ (1) Average of Simon and GGP. Simon data
Q2'08
Q3'08
Q4'08
Q1'09
Q2'09
Q3'09
26
92.5%
92.2%
92.5%
92.6%
90.0%
89.8%
89.8%
89.8%
87.5% 87.5%
87.6%
87.8%
Difference
2.4%
2.7%
2.7%
2.7%
3.3%
3.4%
3.6%
anchors. Glimcher is excluded from the analysis as its occupancy includes temporary tenants that are excluded from other mall REIT reported occupancy metrics.
27
1.50%
1.00% 0.80% 0.61% 0.50% 0.47% 0.47% 0.32% 0.41% 0.30% 0.33% 0.46% 0.47%
0.87%
0.82%
0.00% Q4'06 Q1'07 Q2'07 Q3'07 Q4'07 Q1'08 Q2'08 Q3'08 Q4'08 Q1'09 Q2'09 Q3'09
28
+50%
+19%
Jul-09
Mall REIT Tenant Index
(1)
Sep-09
Dec-09
Source: Capital IQ. Stock price data through December 4, 2009. (1) Market cap weighted average index of GGPs publicly traded top 10 tenants (Gap, Limited, Abercrombie, Foot Locker, American Eagle, JC Penney, Macys and Genesco).
30
On average, tenants have improved their net debt positions more than 30% since the same period last year
($ in millions) Tenants Top Ten Tenants The Gap Limited Brands Abercrombie & Fitch Foot Locker American Eagle Express JCPenney Company Forever 21 Macy's Genesco
(1)
Selected Concepts Gap, Old Navy, Banana Republic Victoria's Secret, Bath & Body Works Abercrombie, Hollister, Ruehl Foot Locker, Champs Sports American Eagle, Aerie, M+O Express JC Penney 4 Love, Forever 21, Gadzooks Macy's, Bloomingdale's Journeys, Underground Station, Lids Subtotal
Net (Debt) / Cash Last Year Current Improvement $1,367 (2,520) 158 272 269 NA (1,881) NA (9,534) (120) ($11,989) ($1,306) (1,393) (2,674) (629) (3,475) ($9,477) $2,398 (1,912) 472 300 466 NA (1,263) NA (8,221) (5) ($7,765) ($1,212) (900) (2,131) (512) (2,450) ($7,205) 75% 24% 198% 10% 73% NA 33% NA 14% 95% 35% 7% 35% 20% 19% 29% 24%
Selected Anchor Tenants Bon-Ton Stores Dillard's Nordstrom Saks Incorporated Sears Holdings
Bon-Ton Dillard's Nordstrom, Nordstrom Rack Saks, Off Fifth Sears Subtotal
________________________________________________
Source: Capital IQ. Net debt data is most recent as of December 4, 2009. (1) GGPs top ten tenants as disclosed in its quarterly operating supplement.
31
On average, tenants have improved their net debt positions more than 30% since the same period last year
($ in millions) Tenants Selected In-line Tenants Anntaylor Aeropostale Bebe Stores Borders The Buckle Chico's Fas Claire's Stores The Children's Place Coach Hot Topic Liz Claiborne Pacfic Sunwear Stores RadioShack Tiffany & Co. Wet Seal Zales Corporation Zumiez Selected Concepts Anntaylor, Anntaylor Loft Aeropostale, P.S. kids Bebe, Bebe Sport, 2b bebe Borders, Waldenbooks The Buckle Chico's, Soma, WH | BM Claire's, Icing The Children's Place Coach Hot Topic, Torrid Juicy Couture, Kate Spade, Lucky Brand D.E.M.O., Pacsun Radioshack Tiffany & Co. Wet Seal, Arden B Zales, Piercing Pagoda Zumiez Subtotal Net (Debt) / Cash Last Year Current Improvement $73 107 120 (487) 118 256 (2,382) 101 407 60 (924) (38) 63 (661) 125 (329) 62 ($3,329) $136 286 201 (375) 94 423 (2,364) 102 970 91 (803) 16 169 (378) 141 (442) 82 ($1,652) 87% 166% 68% 23% (21%) 65% 1% 1% 138% 52% 13% 141% 170% 43% 13% (34%) 33% 50%
Total
________________________________________________
($24,795)
($16,622)
33%
Source: Capital IQ. Net debt data is most recent as of December 4, 2009. (1) GGPs top ten tenants as disclosed in its quarterly operating supplement.
32
$13
Mar-09
May-09
Jul-09
Sep-09
Nov-09
33
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
34
The recently-enacted Business Assistance Act of 2009, which extended the carry-back period for net operating losses from two to five years, is expected to provide a significant cash refund and tax benefit to us in fiscal 2010. Matt Appel, CFO of Zales Corp., November 24, 2009
We expect many other retailers will benefit from the Business Assistance Act
35
Simon expects to lose less than 2bps of total revenue as the result of rent relief concessions in 2009 Our 2009 rent relief total will be under $10 million, as in the $7 million to $8 million range. But as I think we said on the call last quarter, we hadnt seen much of it year-to-date. So its a little back-end weighted, and as you look at the impact of average base rent it could have a nominal impact. But its a small number in the context of the size of our income statements. Steve Sterrett, CFO of Simon Property Group, October 30, 2009
37
Tenant Sales are Down, but Inventories are Down Even More While Retailer Cash Flows Have Improved Materially
39
Comparing November same-store sales to October inventory levels partially explains why tenant sales were down in November
($ in millions) Tenants Top Ten Tenants The Gap Limited Brands Abercrombie & Fitch Foot Locker American Eagle Express JCPenney Company Forever 21 Macy's Genesco Subtotal / Wtd Avg Selected Anchor Tenants Bon-Ton Stores Dillard's Nordstrom Saks Incorporated Sears Holdings Subtotal / Wtd Avg
________________________________________________
Last Year
(1)
Inventory Current $1,999 1,426 347 1,228 425 NA 4,018 NA 6,622 360 $16,425 $901 1,752 1,193 799 10,805 $44,876
Decrease (10%) (13%) (31%) (3%) 1% NA (10%) NA (8%) (5%) (9%) (8%) (22%) (7%) (21%) (5%) (9%)
Memo: Nov SSS 0% 3% (17%) NA (2%) NA (6%) NA (6%) NA (5%) (6%) (11%) 2% (26%) NA (9%)
$2,224 1,648 505 1,262 422 NA 4,471 NA 7,161 380 $18,072 $979 2,243 1,278 1,016 11,364 $49,152
Source: Capital IQ. inventory data is most recent as of December 4, 2009. (1) GGPs top ten tenants as disclosed in its quarterly operating supplement.
40
Comparing November same-store sales to October inventory levels partially explains why tenant sales were down in November
($ in millions) Tenants Selected In-line Tenants Anntaylor Aeropostale Bebe Stores Borders The Buckle Chico's Fas Claire's Stores The Children's Place Coach Hot Topic Liz Claiborne Pacfic Sunwear Stores RadioShack Tiffany & Co. Wet Seal Zales Corporation Zumiez Subtotal / Wtd Avg Last Year $275 207 49 1,257 118 187 149 233 402 95 549 234 681 1,639 41 985 82 $7,181 Inventory Current $211 222 37 1,157 118 160 139 251 338 91 410 168 737 1,542 40 902 76 $6,599 Decrease (23%) 7% (26%) (8%) 0% (15%) (7%) 8% (16%) (3%) (25%) (28%) 8% (6%) (3%) (8%) (7%) (8%) Memo: Nov SSS NA 7% NA NA 1% NA NA (13%) NA (10%) NA NA NA NA (5%) NA (9%) (4%)
Total
________________________________________________
$74,406
$67,900
(9%)
(6%)
Source: Capital IQ. inventory data is most recent as of December 4, 2009. (1) GGPs top ten tenants as disclosed in its quarterly operating supplement.
41
Cash Flow from Operations Q3'08 Q3'09 Improvement $272 (244) NA NA 76 NA (189) NA (275) NA ($361) NA (69) 83 NA (962) ($1,697) $432 (114) NA NA 65 NA (30) NA (52) NA $301 NA 78 104 NA (35) $430 59% 53% NA NA (15%) NA 84% NA 81% NA 183% NA 214% 25% NA 96% 125%
Inventory Decrease (10%) (13%) (31%) (3%) 1% NA (10%) NA (8%) (5%) (9%) (8%) (22%) (7%) (21%) (5%) (9%)
Inventory declines, coupled with cost reduction measures, has resulted in materially higher tenant cash flows
________________________________________________
Source: Capital IQ. Most Q3 periods ended in October. (1) GGPs top ten tenants as disclosed in its quarterly operating supplement.
42
Total
________________________________________________
($1,953)
$1,100
156%
(9%)
Inventory declines, coupled with cost reduction measures, has resulted in materially higher tenant cash flows
Source: Capital IQ. Most Q3 periods ended in October. (1) GGPs top ten tenants as disclosed in its quarterly operating supplement.
43
Which is better for the landlord, tenant sales growth or tenant cash flow growth?
The retailers that we are dealing with are certainly focused on sales, but they are far more focused today on profitability and cash flow, which leads to capital allocation for new stores or remodeled stores upon renewal. What we faced in 2009 was, most retailers saying we are preserving our cash because we are unsure about our line [of credit]. And we are insecure about our ability to finance. Now that they have better cash margins and better cash on deposit, we are now hearing that they are allocating money for new open-to-buys. And I think David gave you a list in his comments of those stores that are looking at that. So I think it is going to be less correlated with sales and more correlated with profitability and cash flow generation. Rick Sokolov, COO of Simon Property Group, October 30, 2009
45
Summary
At the Beginning of 2009, The World was a Very Different Place for Mall REITs
The U.S. economy was on the verge of a depression The U.S. consumer had hit the wall Credit markets were closed Mall REIT balance sheets were dangerously leveraged Cap rates increased and transactions stopped as bidask spreads widened Bankruptcy risk and tenant right-sizing initiatives were expected to result in massive store closures Rent relief was a serious concern Tenant sales were expected to fall off a cliff
48
Since Then
We Performed a Bottoms Up Analysis to Inform Our Outlook for Mall REITs Using public information we analyzed:
Store expansion plans for 2010 and beyond New concepts either currently being rolled out or upcoming Revenue forecasts Profit forecasts
________________________________________________
Note: This list is not meant to be comprehensive. It is based off publicly disclosed expansion / new concept plans. Some of these tenants are also considering selectively closing stores as well.
52
Dave & Buster's Growing store counts (per Simon) Dressbarn 15 Dressbarn stores in 2010 35 Maurices in 2010 Forever 21 Rapid expansion in 2009 Rolling out Faith21 line GNC Testing new prototype store Plans to open more domestic stores in 2010 than 2009 (>30) H&M Flagged US as market where it plans to grow the most in 2010 Jones Apparel Group Rolling out 6 Shoe Woo test stores by end of F2009
Destination Maternity 12 to 17 stores in 2010 Opening new multi-brand store concept Five Below Aggressive growth plan -- 100+ stores in the next 3 years Gamestop 300 US stores in 2010 Guess 60 accessory stores in 2010 (new concept)
Dick's Sporting Goods Sees potential for 800 stores nationwide (~420 in Oct-09) Footlocker Plans to build out its CCS new concept in 2010 Genesco 60 to 70 stores in 2010, incl recently acquired Sports Fanatic concept Gymboree Goal of opening a minimum of 50 Crazy 8 stores next year J Crew Considering rollout of Madewell concept
Jos A Bank Limited Accelerating expansion plan to open 30 to 40 Expanding Henri Bendel in US stores in 2010
________________________________________________
Note: This list is not meant to be comprehensive. It is based off publicly disclosed expansion / new concept plans. Some of these tenants are also considering selectively closing stores as well.
53
Sephora Pursuing expansions in US, France and China Tiffany Objective to open 14 stores (net) in F2009 Experimenting w/ new, smaller concept VF Corp Selectively opening stores Expects to open 80 stores in F2009
________________________________________________
Target Looking to grow store base, but they are constrained by new shopping center dvlpmt Looking to move into existing malls Urban Outfitters 50 new stores next year Williams Sonoma Rolling out PBteen concept
Note: This list is not meant to be comprehensive. It is based off publicly disclosed expansion / new concept plans. Some of these tenants are also considering selectively closing stores as well.
54
Store Expansions / New Concepts Create a Virtuous Cycle for Mall REITs and their Tenants
The current environment has set the stage for tenants with valuefocused concepts, which are performing well in todays market, to expand and replace underperforming tenants. This mall refresh creates a virtuous cycle
Start Here
55
And frankly, when you look at the capital situation today, the construction in the retail sector is at a 20-year low. We certainly anticipate it will remain there, and the lack of new supply can only hopefully help the demand side for the existing product.
56
A lot of contractors out there, you have a lot of architect firms, you have a lot of vendors that are doing fixtures, a lot of them are very aggressive right now and doing deals. So if youre going to grow and open up stores, theres an opportunity to really drive down your build-out costs there . John Smith, SVP of Development, Collective Brands, October 6, 2009
57
Consensus Revenue Estimates (CY) 2008a $14,526 9,043 3,450 5,237 2,989 NA 18,846 NA 24,892 1,552 2009e $14,149 8,528 3,002 4,796 2,956 NA 17,583 NA 23,448 1,563 2010e $14,324 8,612 3,235 4,803 3,093 NA 17,760 NA 23,838 1,621 2011e $14,672 8,799 3,533 4,842 3,238 NA 18,115 NA 23,908 1,726
Consensus Revenue Growth 2009e (2.6%) (5.7%) (13.0%) (8.4%) (1.1%) NA (6.7%) NA (5.8%) 0.7% 2010e 1.2% 1.0% 7.8% 0.1% 4.7% NA 1.0% NA 1.7% 3.7% 2011e 2.4% 2.2% 9.2% 0.8% 4.7% NA 2.0% NA 0.3% 6.5%
2.9% 2.6% 2.3% 2.3% 1.5% 1.3% 1.3% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1%
17.6%
$80,534
$76,024
$77,286
$78,834
(5.8%)
2.6%
3.5%
________________________________________________
Source: Capital IQ consensus estimates as of December 5, 2009. (1) Based on GGPs top ten tenants as disclosed in its quarterly operating supplement. An analysis of other publicly traded mall-based retailers results in similar growth expectations. (2) Consensus revenue growth weighted average is weighted by each tenant as a % of GGPs revenue (as disclosed in GGPs quarterly operating supplement).
59
17.6%
$8,995
$8,132
$9,026
$9,608
12.2%
11.1%
12.4%
13.0%
Yes
________________________________________________
Source: Capital IQ consensus estimates as of December 5, 2009. (1) Based on GGPs top ten tenants as disclosed in its quarterly operating supplement. An analysis of other publicly traded mall-based retailers results in similar margin expectations. (2) Consensus EBITDA margin weighted average is weighted by each tenant as a % of GGPs revenue (as disclosed in GGPs quarterly operating supplement).
60
61
62
July 2009:
Vintage Real Estate acquires regional mall, South Bay Pavilion, for $50mm
July 2009:
Macerich sells a 49% interest in Queens Center in NY to Cadillac Fairview for $150mm in cash plus $168mm in property level debt
September 2009:
Macerich sells a 75% interest in its Flatiron Crossing Mall in CO for $116mm in cash plus $136mm of assumed debt to private equity firm, GI Partners
October 2009:
Heitman pays $168mm in cash and assumes $167mm of property level debt to acquire a 49.9% interest in Macerichs Freehold Raceway Mall in NJ and Chandler Fashion Center in AZ
November 2009:
Blackstone acquires a 60% interest in two of Glimchers best malls Lloyd Center and WestShore Plaza for $62mm in cash and $130mm in assumed debt
2. Risk-Free Rate
10-yr Treasury yield of 3.4%; 10-yr TIPS yield 1.3%; other inflation protected assets trade at very low yields Corporate BBBs yield ~6% Mall cap rates are estimated to be ~7 to 8%
3. Tenant Creditworthiness
Tenant stock prices are up over 50% year-to-date Tenant cash flows have improved and margins are projected to expand Tenant balance sheets have strengthened
64
What are the Characteristics of the Ideal Mall REIT Best Positioned to Perform in the Current Environment?
Assets
Established national platform
provides leverage when dealing with tenants who are looking to expand or reposition stores
Liabilities
Secured, non-recourse debt
a portfolio of options is more valuable than an option on a portfolio
High-quality malls, B+ to A+ Established tenant relationships Low in-place occupancy costs Diverse footprint Lease-up / redevelopment opportunities
Fixed-rate debt
provides a hedge against inflation
66
Conclusion
During one of the worst recessions in over 50 years, mall REITs and their tenants have proven to be highly resilient Consumer spending does not need to return to 2007 levels for mall REITs and their tenants to outperform Store closures of underperforming tenants is a long-term positive for the mall industry Tenant cash flows and balance sheets have massively improved over the last twelve months Many opportunistic retailers have substantial growth plans. Retailers on the sidelines are just like those investors who didnt buy stocks in the spring
67
GeneralGrowthProperties FoolsGold
WeThinkCurrentEquityInvestorsWillBe DisappointedintheCompanys Reorganization
December14,2009
HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC
TableofContents
Thesis(p.3) TheDemiseofMallsinAmerica(p.411) TheBeginningoftheEnd(p.1214) ValuationAnalysis(p.1531) CommercialRealEstateValuation(p.3235) PotentialRoadblocks(p.36) Disclosures(p.3738)
HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 2
December14,2009
OurThesis
Duetohighlyleveragedacquisitionsnearthepeakofthecycle,adeclinein theoveralleconomy,andinsufficientcapitalspending,webelievetheassets ofGeneralGrowthnolongersupportthecurrentcapitalstructure. Inourview: thecompanyscashflowsareinsufficienttoservicethedebtandpayfor maintenancecapitalatitsmalls;and thebankruptcyisnotjusttheresultofaliquidityproblem;itisacashflow andloantovalueproblem. Webelievethevalueoftheassetsnolongerexceedthevalueofthedebt,in contrasttoseveralrecentanalyses. DespiterecentupwardmoveintheGGWPQshareprice,webelievecurrent equityinvestorsarelikelytobeleftwithlittleintherestructuredentity.
NOTE:THATFUNDSADVISEDBYHOVDECAPITALADVISORS,LLCANDONEOFITSPRINCIPALSHAVE SHORTPOSITIONSINGGWPQ.SEEADDITIONALIMPORTANTDISCLOSURESATPAGES26AND27.
December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 3
TheDemiseofMallsinAmerica
StructuralChangeinRetail ConsumptionandDistribution
December14,2009
HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC
ConsumersAreSavingMoreand SpendingLess
PersonalSavingsRate (%ofDisposableIncome)
16 14 12 10 Percentage 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
ConsumersHaveLessAccessto Credit
ConsumersHaveLessHomeEquity AvailabletoSupportSpending
ConsumersAreFocusedonValue
Givenlowerlevelsofdiscretionaryincomeandhighersavingsrates,we believeconsumersareseekingmorevalueintheirconsumptionhabits. Thisisevidentintheoutperformanceofdiscountretailersversusbroader retailsales.Theseretailerstendtobediscountersandinnonmall locations,typicallystandaloneorlocatedinstripcentersandpower centers. Inourview,outletsarealsolikelytogainshare,whichwethinkis demonstratedintherecentlyannouncedacquisitionofPrimeOutletsby SimonPropertiesGroup(NYSE:SPG).Theoutletbusinessoffers consumersbettervalue,offersretailersloweroccupancycosts,and provideslandlordswithbettermargins. Onlineshoppinghasexperiencedtremendousgrowthinshareofretail spendingasconsumersseekvalueandefficiency. Thesetrendsdonotbodewellformallfundamentalssinceneitherare mallbased.
December14,2009
HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC
NonMallRetailersAreSeeing ImprovingPerformance
Same-Store Retail Sales (% Chg.) Nov-09 Oct-09 Sep-09 Aug-09 Jul-09 Jun-09 May-09 Apr-09 Mar-09 Feb-09 Jan-09 Dec-08
Non-Mall Average BJ's Wholesale Club Inc Cato Corp/The Costco Wholesale Corp Kohl's Corp Nordstrom: Rack Stores Old Navy North Amer Rite Aid Corp Ross Stores Inc Stage Stores Inc Stein Mart Inc Target Corp TJX Cos Inc Walgreen Co
1.2 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.3 3.3 6.0 (0.8) 8.0 (12.5) (7.2) (1.5) 8.0 3.9
2.8 3.7 4.0 1.4 5.9 14.0 (0.5) 9.0 (0.1) (4.9) (0.1) 10.0 (6.2)
1.4 5.5 6.0 4.0 5.5 13.0 (0.3) 8.0 (5.6) (5.4) (1.7) 7.0 (17.6)
(0.9) 2.2 5.0 2.0 0.2 3.8 4.0 (1.9) 6.0 (9.5) (8.9) (2.9) 5.0 (16.6)
(4.0) 1.8 (3.0) (1.0) 0.4 (0.5) (8.0) (0.6) 4.0 (11.9) (5.5) (6.5) 4.0 (25.5)
(4.4) 2.7 (3.0) 1.0 (5.6) 0.6 (7.0) (0.6) 1.0 (12.6) (8.0) (6.2) 4.0 (23.0)
(1.8) 4.0 (3.0) 1.0 (0.4) 2.2 3.0 0.6 4.0 (7.2) 0.2 (6.1) 5.0 (27.0)
(1.7) (4.9) 11.0 (6.2) 4.4 1.0 1.8 6.0 (1.5) (12.3) 0.3 3.0 (24.6)
(2.7) 8.5 6.0 4.0 (4.3) 0.1 (0.7) 3.0 (15.0) (1.4) (6.3) 2.0 (31.2)
(3.4) 8.2 8.0 4.0 (1.6) (0.6) (13.0) (0.9) 1.0 (8.6) (12.2) (4.1) (24.2)
(8.5) 7.6 (10.0) 5.0 (13.4) (2.2) (34.0) 1.0 (2.0) (13.1) (16.7) (3.3) (4.0) (25.8)
(4.8) 5.9 (2.0) 2.0 (1.4) (1.8) (16.0) (0.2) (4.9) (8.5) (4.1) (31.2)
December14,2009
HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC
Source:Bloomberg.
MallBasedRetailersarePerforming Poorly
WeBelieveThisIsLikelytoLeadtoRetailBankruptciesandStoreClosings
Same-Store Retail Sales (% Chg.) Nov-09 Oct-09 Sep-09 Aug-09 Jul-09 Jun-09 May-09 Apr-09 Mar-09 Feb-09 Jan-09 Dec-08
Mall-based Average Abercrombie & Fitch Co Aeropostale Inc American Eagle Outfitters Inc Banana Republic N. Amer Bon-Ton Stores Inc/The Buckle Inc/The Childrens Place Retail Stores Inc/The Destination Maternity Corp Dillard's Inc Gap North America HOT Topic Inc JC Penney Co Inc Ltd Brands Inc Macy's Inc Neiman Marcus Group Nordstrom: Full-line Stores Saks Inc Wet Seal Inc/The Zumiez Inc
(6.7) (17.0) 7.0 (2.0) (4.0) (6.0) 1.4 (13.0) (11.6) (11.0) (4.0) (11.7) (5.9) 3.0 (6.1) (5.9) (0.6) (26.1) (5.0) (8.5)
(2.6) (15.0) 3.0 (5.0) 5.0 3.1 4.3 (2.0) (5.2) (8.0) (6.0) (2.6) (4.5) (4.0) (0.8) (6.0) 3.7 0.7 (1.3) (8.9)
(3.8) (18.0) 19.0 (12.0) (4.8) 5.1 4.0 (7.0) (6.0) (8.0) (4.0) (1.4) 1.0 (2.3) (16.9) (3.9) (11.6) (4.5) (0.8)
(9.3) (29.0) 9.0 (7.0) (8.0) (5.1) 3.6 (8.0) (10.6) (12.0) (7.0) (8.1) (7.9) (4.0) (8.1) (19.6) (12.9) (19.6) (11.2) (12.1)
(10.5) (28.0) 6.0 (11.0) (7.0) (9.8) 2.8 (4.0) (8.3) (12.0) (9.0) (8.5) (12.3) (7.0) (10.7) (27.3) (7.8) (16.3) (12.1) (16.8)
(10.6) (32.0) 12.0 (11.0) (20.0) (8.0) 9.6 (12.0) (10.7) (14.0) (10.0) (7.9) (8.2) (12.0) (8.9) (20.8) (13.6) (4.4) (11.1) (19.3)
(10.1) (28.0) 19.0 (7.0) (14.0) (12.1) 13.4 (9.0) (5.4) (12.0) (11.0) (6.4) (8.2) (7.0) (9.1) (23.3) (16.7) (26.6) (8.4) (20.7)
(6.1) (22.0) 20.0 (5.0) (8.0) (5.1) 18.2 5.0 (1.2) (6.0) (10.0) 3.1 (6.6) (6.0) (9.1) (22.5) (13.4) (32.0) (2.2) (13.8)
(11.6) (34.0) 3.0 (16.0) (16.0) (11.2) 14.7 (2.0) (7.6) (19.0) (14.0) 7.1 (7.2) (9.0) (9.2) (29.9) (16.9) (23.6) (12.5) (17.9)
(8.3) (30.0) 11.0 (7.0) (16.0) (8.5) 21.0 (3.5) (13.0) (12.0) 10.8 (8.8) (7.0) (8.5) (20.9) (19.7) (26.0) (6.6) (13.4)
(10.6) (20.0) 11.0 (22.0) (22.0) (8.2) 14.7 (11.0) 5.1 (12.0) (18.0) 6.0 (16.4) (9.0) (4.5) (24.4) (18.1) (23.7) (14.7) (14.8)
(8.6) (24.0) 12.0 (17.0) (15.0) (5.8) 13.5 (6.9) (5.0) (12.0) 4.3 (8.1) (10.0) (4.0) (27.5) (12.8) (19.8) (12.5) (12.3)
December14,2009
HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC
Source:Bloomberg.
10
OnlineSalesAreGainingShare
EstimatedQuarterlyU.S.RetailEcommerceSalesasaPercentofTotal QuarterlyRetailSales: 4thQuarter1999 2ndQuarter2009 PercentofTotal
TheRouseCompany AcquiredNovember2004
TheBeginningoftheEnd
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TheRouseCompanyAcquisition
Purchaseprice:$14.3billion. Portfolioof37regionalmalls(andvariousofficeassets)and $2billionoflandandlots,mostlyinSummerlin(LasVegas) reportsfrommarketparticipantsasnotedonthenext pagesuggestlandpricesinthismarkethavefallen dramatically,and,insomecases,thelandhasanimplied valueofzeroorevennegativevalues. Capitalizationrateof5.3% impliesover$4billion destructionofestimatedassetvalueattodaysmarket prices,assumingan8%caprate. $400millionofgoodwill notonlydowebelieveitwas purchasedatnearpeakvalues,itwasovervaluedwhen theyboughtit!
Source:RouseCompanySECfilings. December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 13
TheRouseCompanyAcquisition
LasVegaslandisnowworthmateriallylessthanin 2004.Wethinkthereislittlevalueinthemaster plannedcommunityassetsofGeneralGrowth.
finishedlotsaretradingatadiscountandtheunderlyinglandatmany nonprimelocationsforresidentialdevelopmenthasvirtuallynovaluein todaysdistressedmarket,Cherneysays. Thereismorepaintocomeinthis Vegaslandmarket.Thefundamentalsofsupplyanddemandarealiveandwell andwillensurefurtherdeclinesinto2009.Thiswashoutisfarfromover.
CraigCherney,directorofWesternoperationsofPhiladelphiabasedAmericanLandFundasquotedinthe LasVegasSun,March1,2009.
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ValuationAnalysis
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WidelyReliedUponAnalysisIs Outdated
Webelievemanyinvestors/speculatorshaverelieduponaPershing SquareCapitalLPanalysisofthecompanyissuedinMay2009, whichuseddatafrom2008.Weareoftheopinionthatthisvery datedanalysisisflawedbasedonthedeteriorationinfinancial performanceatGeneralGrowthsince2008. Thecompanysactualcashflow(seep.19)isnowmorethan20% below2008levels,andrentsonnewleasesaredown33%versus currentinplacerentsasofthethirdquarter. Weviewthe7.5%capitalizationrateassumptionasfartoo optimisticrelativetoprivatemarkettransactionvalues.Macerich (NYSE:MAC)recentlysoldcomparableandhigherqualitymall assetsatcaprateshigherthan8%(afterfactoringinpreferred returnstoinvestors).* Bottomline:webelievetheassetsareworthlessthanthe liabilities.
*Source:MacerichpressreleasesonSeptember3,2009andOctober1st 2009;MacerichconferencecallNovember5th,2009. December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 16
LeverageisaSignificantValuation Factor
PershingSquareusesSimonPropertiesGroup(NYSE:SPG) asacomparableintheiranalysiswithoutgiving considerationtoleverage.Simonismoderatelyleveraged, withdebttoEBITDAof6x,andisaninvestmentgraderated credit.GeneralGrowthsleverageisinexcessof16xand wouldstillbeinexcessof12xevenifalloftheunsecured debtwasconvertedtoequity. Therearenocomparablyleveragedpubliccompaniesin themallsector,butthosethataremorehighlyleveraged tradeatasignificantdiscounttothosewithlessleverage. Clearlycompanieswithlessleveragetradeatpremium valuationsasshownonthefollowingpage.
Source:GeneralGrowththirdquarter2009supplementalpackage;SimonPropertyGroupthirdquarter2009supplementalpackage. December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 17
LeverageIsaSignificantValuation Factor
Leverage and Valuation Comparison Implied Cap Rate Average CBL & Associates Macerich Simon Property Group Average 9.3% 8.3% 7.3% 8.3% Leverage (Debt/EBITDA) Average 8.9x 8.2x 6.8x 8.0x
16.5x
CashFlowsHaveCollapsed
Thisisthe realityoftoday (27%yr/yr). Thisisthe startingpoint forPershing Squares analysis.
RentsAreRollingDownDramatically
Newleaseratesare33%lower thaninplacerents.Thisisnot goodfortheNOIoutlook.
NOISensitivityDrivesValuation
ThedeclineinNOIsince2008drivesadecline inenterprisevalueof$3.8$4.3billionunder thePershingSquarevaluationframework. ApplyingQ3annualizedNOItothePershing Squarevaluationanalysis,theimpliedequity valuepershareofthecompanytodayis NEGATIVE$5.03atan8.5%caprateand +$5.73ata7.5%caprate.
Source:TheBucksReboundBeginsHeredatedMay27,2009 PershingCapitalManagement,L.P.(p.56)andHovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLCanalysis(see page30).
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RecentComparableTransactionsIndicate CapRatesAreHigher
*Macerichs(NYSE:MAC)saleofJVinterestin QueensCenter(NYC,NY)toCadillacFairview Corporationatalow7%cap percompany management. Thismallgenerates$876/squarefootinsales versusGeneralGrowths$409/squarefoot.
RecentComparableTransactions IndicateCapRatesAreHigher
*Macerichs(NYSE:MAC)saleofJVinterestsin mallstoHeitmanandGIPartnersataless than100basispointsoverthe7.5%caprate onaverage. perArthurCoppola(11/5/09 conferencecall).Thusweinfertheeffective impliedcaprateisinthe8.0%8.5%range. Thesemallsgenerate$443$500/squarefoot insalesversusGeneralGrowths$409/square foot.
*Source:MacerichpressreleasesonSeptember3,2009andOctober1st,2009;MacerichconferencecallNovember5th,2009. December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 23
RecentComparableTransactions IndicateCapRatesAreHigher
TherecentlyannouncedacquisitionofPrime OutletsbySimonPropertyGroup(NYSE:SPG)was estimatedtobepricedatan8.0%8.4%caprate oninplaceNOIbasedonsomeWallStreet estimates.(1) Thesemallsgenerate$370/squarefootinsales versusGeneralGrowths$409/squarefoot, however,outletmallsgenerallytendtogenerate slightlyhigherNOImarginsthanregionalmall formatinourview.
(1)DeutscheBankestimate8.4%(reportdated12/8/09,titledSPGAcquiringPrimeOutlets.)SandlerONeilestimates~8%caprate(reportdated 12/8/09,titledSPG:StockingUpBeforetheHolidays;SPGtoAcquirePrimeOutlets.
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WhatIstheAppropriateCapRate?
Basedonrecentcomparabletransactions,theuseof acapratebelow8%seemsdisconnectedwithreality inourview. Wewouldargueacaprateinthe8.5%rangeor higherwouldbemoreappropriatefortheGeneral Growthportfolio,giventhebelowaverage productivityofitsmalls*andthefactthatitis experiencingsignificantdeclinesinnewrentsthatin ouropinionwilldrivelowerrevenuesandNOIfor someperiodoftime.
* Source: based on Q3-09 disclosures from Macerich and Simon Properties Group. December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 25
InterestCoverageIsUnsustainable
(Thisiscashflowproblem,notjustaliquidityproblem)
Interest coveragehas fallento minimallevels (1.17x) thisis beforecapital expenditures.
AmortizingSecuredDebtWillFurther ReduceDebtServiceCapacity
Recentagreementwith$9.7billionofsecuredcreditors requiresthatinterestonlydebtnowamortizesprincipal ona30yearschedule. Thiswilladdover$300millionofannualdebtservice initially,whichstepsupovertime,i.e.increasing amortization. Byourestimates,thiswillinitiallydrivethecompanys debtservicecoverageratioto1.0xorbelowbasedonthe companystrailing12monthEBITDAasof9/09. Basedonthecompanysprojections,debtservice coverageforthepropertiessecuredbytheseloanswill be1.0xin2010,beforeconsideringmandatoryprincipal paydownsandothercashcosts.
Source:US_ACTIVE:\43244255\04\47658.0008,debtorsplanfiled12/1/09;thirdquarter2009GeneralGrowthsupplemental package. December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 27
CreditorsWillTaketheCash
Cash($2/share)willlikelybepaidouttocreditorsintheformof feesandreimbursementoflegalexpenses. Accordingtodocumentsrecentlyfiledinbankruptcycourt,General Growthwillbeforcedtopay$423.2millioninextensionfees, servicerfeesandexpenses,catchupamortizationpayments, accruedinterest,thefundingofcertainescrowsandother expenses. Thisisonlyrelatedtotheagreementon$9.7billionofsecured loans,sowebelievethecosttosecureagreementstorestructure theremaining$12billionofdebtwilllikelycostsignificantlymoreif thecostsarecomparabletothisagreement. Givenourviewthatthecashcostsoftherestructuringswilllikely exceedthecompanyscurrentcashposition,webelieveadditional claimswilllikelybesettledinequityownership,suggestinglittleif anyrecoveryforcommonshareholders.
Source:US_ACTIVE:\43244255\04\47658.0008,Exhibit3,filed12/7/09. December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 28
Valuation
PershingSquaresAnalysisUsesDatedNOI
Pershing Square Analysis Framework
Thisisfrom 2008
Low $ 2,524 8.5% 29,694 $
($ in millions, except per share data) LTM Cash NOI Cap Rate Implied Value of GGP's REIT Pro Rata for JVs: Less: Total Debt Less: Preferred Debt Less: Other Liabilities Plus: Cash Plus: Other Assets Plus: Development Pipeline Implied Equity Value $
Per Share
(1)SeecalculationofNOIonthepage30.
9.11
21.50
(5.06)
5.73
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CalculationofTodaysNOI
Net Operating Income Calculation (as of Q3-09)
(figures in 000s)
Consolidated & JV Share NOI (as reported) Less: lease termination fees Less: above/below-market rents Less: straight lined rents Less: tenant allowances & leasing costs Less: capital expenditures Plus: non-cash ground rent expense Total NOI Total Annualized NOI (x4)
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Source:Thirdquarter2009GeneralGrowthsupplementalpackage.
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Valuation
Assumesunsecureddebtwouldrequireamoderatediscounttoconvert,althoughit isquestionableinourviewwhethertherewillbeanyvalueforexistingshareholders giventhatwebelievethevalueofthedebtexceedsthatoftheassets. BestCase
($ in millions, except per share data) Annualized Cash NOI (1) Cap Rate Implied Value of GGP's REIT Pro Rata for JVs: Less: Total Debt Less: Preferred Debt Less: Other Liabilities Plus: Cash (2) Plus: Other Assets Plus: Development Pipeline Implied Equity Value $ (21,174) (121) (1,585) 1,777 603 8,833 $ (21,174) (121) (1,585) 1,777 603 8,833 $ (21,174) (121) (1,585) 1,777 603 8,833 $ (21,174) (121) (1,585) 1,777 603 8,833 $ (21,174) (121) (1,585) 1,777 603 5,382 $ (21,174) (121) (1,585) 1,777 603 5,382 $ (21,174) (121) (1,585) 1,777 603 5,382 $ (21,174) (121) (1,585) 1,777 603 5,382 $ 2,200 7.5% 29,333 Best Case - Assuming Conversion Conversion Price Range $5-$8 $ 2,200 7.5% 29,333 $ 2,200 7.5% 29,333 $ 2,200 7.5% 29,333 $ 2,200 8.5% 25,882 $
RealisticCase
Realistic Scenario - Assuming Conversion Conversion Price Range $3-$6 2,200 8.5% 25,882 $ 2,200 8.5% 25,882 $ 2,200 8.5% 25,882
Per Share
5.14
5.94
6.69
7.39
2.03
2.60
3.13
3.62
Assumedconversionprice:$5.00$6.00$7.00
(1) See calculation on page 24. (2) Assumes cash is paid out to creditors in forbearance fees and reimbursement of legal expenses.
$8.00$3.00$4.00$5.00$ 6.00
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CommercialRealEstate ValuationAnalysis
December14,2009
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CommercialRealEstateValues HaveDropped43%SincethePeak
Source: Moodys/REAL Commercial Property Index, Real Capital Analytics. December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC
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CapitalizationRatesHaveMoved SignificantlyHigherSincethePeak
CapitalizationRates
11.00% 10.00% 9.00% 8.00% 7.00% 6.00% 5.00% Oct01 Oct02 Apr01 Oct03 Jan01 Jul01 Apr02 Oct04 Jan02 Jul02 Apr03 Oct05 Jan03 Jul03 Apr04 Oct06 Jan04 Jul04 Apr05 Oct07 Jan05 Jul05 Apr06 Oct08 Jan06 Jul06 Apr07 Apr08 Apr09 Oct09 Jan07 Jul07 Jan08 Jul08 Jan09 Jul09
Apartment
Industrial
Office CBD
Office Sub
Strip
AllCore
HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC
34
2009MallTransactionData
2009 Regional Mall Transactions Retail - Regional Malls | North America | Us
Type Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Retail Property Name West Oaks Mall Lloyd Center Westshore Plaza Bridgewater Falls Chandler Fashion Center Freehold Raceway Mall New Orleans Centre Mall Cupertino Square FlatIron Crossing Queens Center Kohl's South Bay Pavilion Colonie Center Mall Westland Fair Shopping Center (portion) Cincinnati Mall sq ft 1,083,573 1,229,140 1,059,612 650,000 1,325,379 1,666,812 668,000 476,000 722,855 966,499 83,281 370,000 633,000 387,000 1,442,339 Year Built 1984 1959 1967 2005 2001 1990 1988 1975 2000 1990 1984 1973 1966 1963 2004 Price in $ 15,000,000 171,851,210 148,148,790 43,750,000 296,079,278 372,352,733 24,243,791 64,000,000 347,333,000 306,117,000 17,250,000 49,751,333 16,400,000 25,505,000 35,450,000 $ $/sq ft 14 140 140 67 223 223 36 134 481 317 207 134 26 66 25 149
Average
December14,2009
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PotentialRoadblocks
Objectionstothecompanysplanofemergencerelatedto assetssecuring$9.7billionofloanshavebeenfiledrecently bysecuredcreditorswhoholdmechanicsliens,taxliens, claimsrelatingtorentclawbacks,andclaimssecuringsurety bonds. Suchcreditorsinclude:
Apple Dillards Lewisville(TX)IndependentSchoolDistrict PimaCounty(AZ) TravelersCasualtyandSuretyCompany
Source: United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 36
Disclosures
FundsadvisedbyHovdeCapitalAdvisors,LLCandone ofitsprincipalshaveestablishedshortpositionsinthe commonstockofGeneralGrowthProperties(OTC: GGWPQ)andinthecommonstockofMacerich(NYSE: MAC).Oneoftheprincipalshasestablishedashort positioninSaks(NYSE:SKS).Theirpositionsinthese stocksandothersmaychangewithoutfurthernotice. NeitherthefundsadvisedbyoranyaffiliatesofHovde CapitalAdvisors,LLCholdpositionsinanyother companiesmentionedinthisdocumentotherthan thosementionedabove.
December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 37
DisclosuresContinued
Theopinionsandviewsexpressinthisdocument andtheanalysissetforththereinmaychangeand HovdeCapitalAdvisors,LLCisnotundertakingto updateitsopinions,viewsoranalysis. Althoughthefactualinformationcontainedin thisdocumentisbelievedtobeaccurate,Hovde CapitalAdvisors,LLCdoesnotwarrantits accuracyorcompleteness. Thisdocumentisnotintendedtobe,andshould notbeconstruedas,investmentadviceora recommendationtobuyortosellanysecurity.
December14,2009 HovdeCapitalAdvisorsLLC 38
GGP Part II
May 26, 2010
Disclaimer
The analyses and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") contained in this presentation are based on publicly available information. Pershing Square recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the companies discussed in the presentation that could lead these companies to disagree with Pershing Squares conclusions. This presentation and the information contained herein is not a recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell any securities. The analyses provided may include certain statements, estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the companies, access to capital markets and the values of assets and liabilities. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. Pershing Square manages funds that are in the business of actively trading buying and selling securities and financial instruments. In particular, funds managed by Pershing Square and its affiliates have invested in long and short positions of certain mall REITs, including long debt and equity positions in General Growth Properties Inc. and other commitments to recapitalize that company. Pershing Square may currently or in the future change its position regarding any of the securities it owns. Pershing Square reserves the right to buy, sell, cover or otherwise change the form of its investment in any company for any reason. Pershing Square hereby disclaims any duty to provide any updates or changes to the analyses contained here including, without limitation, the manner or type of any Pershing Square investment.
At Last Years Ira Sohn Conference, We Delivered a 67-page Presentation on General Growth Entitled:
On Page 34 of The Bucks Rebound Begins Here, We Proposed the Following Solution for GGP to Address Its Bankruptcy
A seven-year extension of GGPs secured and unsecured loans at their existing interest rates would provide the Company with sufficient time to use cash flow from operations to delever its balance sheet. With a sevenyear extension, we believe the Company would be able to repay existing creditors in full
Benefits of this Approach:
Secured and unsecured lenders receive 100% of the present value of their claims Prevents the liquidation of assets at fire-sale prices Preserves value for equity holders GGP platform remains intact Preserves jobs
________________________________________________
Source: See page 34 of The Bucks Rebound Begins Here, May 27, 2009.
The weighted average duration of the loans is 6.5 years from January 1, 2010
(1)
GGP has avoided a fire-sale of its assets Equity value has been enhanced While we suggested a maturity extension of GGPs unsecured debt, the vast majority of it will be repaid at emergence
GGP has Secured a Commitment for Enough Capital to Repay its Unsecured Creditors in Full at Par Plus Accrued
$14
Apr-09
Jul-09
Oct-09
Feb-10
May-10
A Little Context
At the Beginning of 2009, The World was a Very Different Place for Mall REITs
The U.S. economy was in a serious recession The U.S. consumer had hit the wall Mall REITs had limited access to capital Cap rates increased and transactions stopped as bidask spreads widened Bankruptcy risk and tenant right-sizing initiatives were expected to result in massive store closures Rent relief was a serious concern Tenant sales were expected to continuously decline
8
Since Then
6.0%
3.0%
(6.0%)
(5.4%) (6.4%)
(8.0%)
Q208
________________________________________________
Q308
Q408
Q109
9
Q209
Q309
Q409
Q110
________________________________________________
10
Consumer Confidence is Up
The University of Michigan Survey of Consumer Confidence Sentiment Index has improved since the beginning of 2009
University of Michigan Consumer Confidence Index (Trailing Three Month Average)
75.0
73.5 70.5
73.1
70.0 67.5
63.7
55.0
Dec-Feb 2009
Mar-May 2009
Jun-Aug 2009
11
Sept-Nov 2009
Dec-Feb 2010
Mar-May 2010
Source: University of Michigan / Bloomberg. Most recent data point available as of 5/28/10.
LTM
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
Average:
2.8%
3.0% 2.0%
3.6%
1.0%
0.0% Apr-00
Apr-01
Apr-02
Apr-03
Apr-04
Apr-05
12
Apr-06
Apr-07
Apr-08
Apr-09
Apr-10
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg / Bureau of Economic Analysis (as of 5/28/10). Most recent data point as of Apr-10.
________________________________________________
13
And frankly, when you look at the capital situation today, the construction in the retail sector is at a 20-year low. We certainly anticipate it will remain there, and the lack of new supply can only hopefully help the demand side for the existing product.
14
15
Mall REIT Cap Rates Have Declined and Should Decline Further Based on Historical Precedent
Although Mall REIT cap rates have come in from their double-digit highs, mall REITs still trade at a discount to corporate Baa yields
Mall Implied Cap Rate vs. Baa Yields
10.0% 9.5% 9.0% 8.5% 8.0% 7.5% 7.0% 6.5% 6.0% 5.5% 5.0%
Ja nM 05 ar -0 M 5 ay -0 Ju 5 lSe 05 p0 N 5 ov -0 Ja 5 nM 06 ar -0 M 6 ay -0 Ju 6 l-0 Se 6 p0 N 6 ov -0 Ja 6 n0 M 7 ar -0 M 7 ay -0 Ju 7 lSe 07 p0 N 7 ov -0 Ja 7 nM 08 ar -0 M 8 ay -0 Ju 8 lSe 08 p0 N 8 ov -0 Ja 8 nM 09 ar -0 M 9 ay -0 9 Ju l-0 Se 9 p0 N 9 ov -0 Ja 9 nM 10 ar -1 M 0 ay -1 0
6.4% 6.1%
________________________________________________
16
1.2% 1.0%
1.1%
1.1%
0.6%
Q4'08
Q1'09
17
Q2'09
Q3'09
Q4'09
Q1'10
500bps
400bps
300bps
200bps
139bps
100bps 0bps Jan-09
________________________________________________
Mar-09
May-09
Jul-09
Sep-09
Nov-09
Jan-10
Mar-10
May-10
Note: Represents an equal-weighted basket of CDS prices for GGPs top 10 tenants (where CDS pricing is available), which include Gap, Limited, JC Penney and Macys. Source: Bloomberg (5/28/10).
18
Simon expects to lose less than 2bps of total revenue as the result of rent relief concessions in 2009 Our 2009 rent relief total will be under $10 million, as in the $7 million to $8 million range. But as I think we said on the call last quarter, we hadnt seen much of it year-to-date. So its a little back-end weighted, and as you look at the impact of average base rent it could have a nominal impact. But its a small number in the context of the size of our income statements. Steve Sterrett, CFO of Simon Property Group, October 30, 2009
19
Retail leasing activity increased significantly in the first quarter of 2010, with total in-line and outparcel tenant leasing deals covering 1.36 million square feet signed, an increase of 21% over the same period of last year. Within total deals, the number of new lease deals grew 84%, representing new deal square footage of approximately 284 thousand square feet. Although rents remain below 2007 peak levels, they have stabilized. As sales continue their upward trend, the Company expects lease rates to reflect those increases over time.
GGP Q110 Operating Supplement
20
________________________________________________
Source: Why the Sad Face Mall Sector? Credit Suisse equity research (4/26/10).
21
4.0%
3.4%
2.0%
0.0%
On a quarterly basis, comparable tenant sales rose a healthy 7.5% year-over-year, with momentum picking up over the course of the quarter. January 2010 comparable sales increased 2.5% year-over-year, with February and March showing accelerating increases of 6.0% and 10.0%, respectively.
22
PF GGP
Ownership or management of approximately 200 regional malls Community / strip retail centers Office properties GGMI 13 underperforming malls (Special Consideration Properties or SCPs) assumed to be transferred to lenders
GGO
Master Planned Communities (MPC) Development assets (i.e. Victoria Ward, South St Seaport) Non-income producing assets (i.e. Fashion Show air rights) Other assets
PF GGP
High Quality
Approximately 100 of PF GGPs malls are high-quality, mini-monopolies within their respective markets A disproportionate share of PF GGPs NOI is generated by its top assets Events of the past two years have further confirmed that high quality mall assets are recession-resistant
Imagine a portfolio of three malls, each worth $100 and each with a 60% LTV non-recourse mortgage
$60 $40 $100 $60 $40 $60 $40 Total Mall Value $300 $60 $60 $60 $40 $40 $40
$100
Leverage 60%
$100
Illustrative Example: Non-Recourse Financed Mall Portfolio (Contd) Now assume one of the malls suffers catastrophic risk. Onethird of the equity value is lost, and leverage remains the same
$0 $60 $40 $60 $40 Total Mall Value $200 $60 $60 $40 $40
Leverage 60%
$100
$100
Imagine the same portfolio of malls financed with unsecured, recourse debt
Leverage 60%
$100
Illustrative Example: Recourse Financed Mall Portfolio (Contd) If one of the malls dies, equity value is nearly wiped out. Given the covenants associated with recourse debt, the destruction of value would likely be even more severe
$0
GLA (4) GGP (1) Less: SCPs / Highland (2) Less: GGO Malls (3) PF GGP 65.3 3.9 2.0 59.4
(1) Source: GGP Q1'10 supplement pgs. 31-32. (2) See appendix for details. (3) Includes Victoria Ward, Landmark Mall, Rio West, South Street Seaport, Redlands Mall, Riverwalk Marketplace, Park West and Cottonwood Mall. See Exhibit E docket #4874 for full list of GGO assets. Source for tenant sales, occupancy and occupancy cost: Pershing Square estimates. (4) Mall and freestanding gross leasable area (excludes anchors). Units in millions of sq ft.
33
PF GGP Debt
PF GGPs leverage will be meaningfully reduced upon emergence
PF GGP Debt Buildup ($ in mms) Total GGP Debt (3/31/10) (1) Interest coverage ratio (2) Less: SCPs debt (3) Less: GGO debt (3) Less: Stonestown mezz (4) Less: Highland (5) Less: TopCo unsecured debt (6) Less: DIP (6) Plus: New Debt (7) PF GGP Debt (3/31/10) Less: Additional amortization through 9/30/10e (3) PF GGP Debt (9/30/10e) Interest coverage ratio (3)
(1) Source: Q1'10 supplement pg 2. See appendix for details. (2) As of 9/30/09, the last time GGP published its interest coverage ratio in its operating supplement. (3) See appendix for details. (4) Paid down Apr-10. (5) On 5/3/10 the property owned by the Highland JV was transferred to the lender (Source: 10-Q pg 40). (6) Assumed to be paid down as part of PF GGP's emergence. (7) Assumed to be issued as part of PF GGP's emergence.
$27,506 1.2x (948) (506) (57) (32) (6,373) (400) 1,500 $20,691 (212) $20,478 2.0x
34
(1) Source: GGP operating supplements. See appendix for detail. (2) One-time revenue/expense impacts arising due to the bankruptcy. These are non-recurring items. Assumes 2009 and LTM are equal. Source: GGP Q4'09 operating supplement pg 7. (3) One-time additional property upkeep costs. This reflects "catch-up" R&M spend. Assumes 2009 and LTM are equal. Source: GGP Q4'09 operating supplement pg 7. (4) Represents drag to GGP NOI from PF GGP development projects. Source: Pershing Square estimate. (5) Represents LTM cash NOI attributable to the SCP malls and GGO assets that are assumed to not be included in PF GGP cash NOI post-emergence. Excludes MPC NOI. Source: Pershing Square estimate.
35
$10.00 Current FDSO (1) BPF minimum commitment Clawback shares (2) Liquidity Equity Issuances (3) PF GGP FDSO (excl warrants) Warrants (share equivalent) (4) PF GGP FDSO (incl warrants) PF GGP Market Cap Memo: Warrant Translation Fair Value of warrants (5) Divided by: Share Price Warrants (share equivalent) 324 440 190 65 1,019 31 1,051 $10,506
Illustrative PF GGP FDSO @ Various Share Prices $11.00 $12.00 $13.00 $14.00 $15.00 324 440 190 65 1,019 36 1,056 $11,612 324 440 190 65 1,019 41 1,060 $12,725 324 440 190 65 1,019 45 1,065 $13,843 324 440 190 65 1,019 50 1,069 $14,965 324 440 190 65 1,019 53 1,073 $16,090
$312 10.00 31
$399 11.00 36
$492 12.00 41
$590 13.00 45
$693 14.00 50
$799 15.00 53
$908 16.00 57
(1) Includes OP Units and options. Source: Q1'10 operating supplement, pg 27. (2) Assumes full clawback of 190mm Pershing Square and Fairholme shares. (3) Assumes GGP sells 65mm Liquidity Equity Issuances shares. (4) Represents the share-equivalent amount of 120mm warrants at various PF GGP share prices. (5) Black-Scholes warrant valuation. Assumes 20 vol, 60mm warrants at $10.50 strike, 60mm warrants at $10.75 strike, and 7-yr duration.
36
PF GGP Would Be the Second Largest U.S. REIT Top 5 REITs in the IYR REIT Index by Rank (as of 5/28/10)
REIT 1. Simon Property Group PF GGP 2. Vornado 3. Equity Residential 4. Public Storage 5. Boston Properties 15. Macerich % of IYR 8.7% 0.0% 5.0% 4.4% 4.3% 3.8% 1.9% Mkt Cap $29,987 16,090 15,016 13,297 15,456 12,341 5,782
At $15 per share, PF GGP would be the second largest REIT in the index
________________________________________________
Source: Market cap data from Green Street Real Estate Securities Monthly (as of 6/1/10).
37
38
Top 25 Holders
The Vanguard Group BlackRock Cohen & Steers State Street Global Advisors Fidelity Investments Stichting Pensioenfonds ING Investment Mgmt Morgan Stanley Inv Mgmt Invesco PGGM LaSalle Investment Mgmt Old Mutual Asset Mgmt RREEF AEW Capital Mgmt T. Rowe Price Group Security Capital Research Frank Russell STB Asset Mgmt Northern Trust Principal Global Investors Dimensional Fund Advisors Goldman Sachs Asset Mgmt TIAA-CREF Nikko Asset Mgmt Adelante Capital Mgmt
Shares
9 9 6 3 6 2 12 1 4 3 1 3 2 3 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
Macerich Value
$364 359 229 130 224 68 496 30 163 128 21 115 96 108 97 76 64 3 31 27 40 3 51 16 31
Shares
0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 -
GGP Value
0 2 5 0 0 17 24 0 6 3 -
109
$8,255 60%
182
$8,010 64%
88
$7,961 52%
90
$6,826 65%
74
$2,971 57%
$57 0%
Source: Capital IQ as of 5/21/10. (1) % of market cap is based on Capital IQ market cap estimates, which tend to rely solely on basic shares outstanding. % of GGP market cap is based on PF GGP market cap at $15 per share. 39
Square and Fairholme shares. Assumes GGP sells full amount of 65mm Liquidity Equity Issuances shares.
40
Demand
($ and shares in millions) Anticipated Demand from the Dedicated REIT Universe PF GGP Market Cap (@$15) Top 25 REIT Investors average % of Mkt Cap (1) Anticipated Demand $ 16,090 60.0% $9,654
Supply
Anticipated PF GGP IPO Supply Clawback shares (2) Liquidity Equity Issuances (3) PF GGP IPO Share Supply PF GGP share price Anticipated Supply $ 190 65 255 15.00 $3,825
(1) Based on Simon Crossholdings Analysis. (2) Assumes full clawback of 190mm Pershing Square and Fairholme shares. (3) Assumes GGP sells 65mm Liquidity Equity Issuances shares.
41
Illustrative PF GGP Cap Rate @ Various Share Prices $11.00 $12.00 $13.00 $14.00 $15.00 $10.00 $10.00 1,051 $10,506 $11.00 1,056 $11,612 $12.00 1,060 $12,725 $13.00 1,065 $13,843 $14.00 1,069 $14,965 $15.00 1,073 $16,090
Memo: $9.00 $9.00 1,045 $9,408 $22,971 (948) (506) (32) (15) (1,678) 1,345 (1,686) $28,859 (151) (183) $28,525 2,290 8.0% 69.2%
Price PF GGP FDSO (incl warrants) Market Cap Target Net Debt (1) Less: SCPs debt (2) Less: GGO debt (3) Less: Highland debt Less: Brazil adjustment (4) Less: Excess Sources (5) Plus: Other liabilities (6) Less: Other assets (7) TEV Less: GGMI (8) Less: Development assets (9) Adj TEV PF GGP LTM Adj Cash NOI Cap Rate Net Debt / TEV (10)
$22,971 $22,971 $22,971 $22,971 $22,971 $22,971 $22,971 (948) (948) (948) (948) (948) (948) (948) (506) (506) (506) (506) (506) (506) (506) (32) (32) (32) (32) (32) (32) (32) (15) (15) (15) (15) (15) (15) (15) (1,678) (1,729) (1,780) (1,831) (1,882) (1,933) (1,984) 1,345 1,345 1,345 1,345 1,345 1,345 1,345 (1,686) (1,686) (1,686) (1,686) (1,686) (1,686) (1,686) $29,957 $31,012 $32,074 $33,141 $34,212 $35,287 $36,364 (151) (151) (151) (151) (151) (151) (151) (183) (183) (183) (183) (183) (183) (183) $29,623 $30,678 $31,740 $32,807 $33,878 $34,953 $36,030 2,290 7.7% 66.7% 2,290 7.5% 64.4% 2,290 7.2% 62.3% 2,290 7.0% 60.3% 2,290 6.8% 58.4% 2,290 6.6% 56.6% 2,290 6.4% 54.9%
(1) Target Net Debt as of the original Cornerstone Investment Agreement. Target Net Debt is an estimate of GGP's net debt as of 9/30/10e. Target Net Debt includes PF GGP and GGO liabilities. In addition, Target Net Debt includes non-debt liabilities, such as accrued interest and Permitted Claims (i.e. the KEIP), among other things. Therefore, Target Net Debt includes the Company's estimate of bankruptcy "exit costs." Furthermore, Target Net Debt includes the following: $1.5bn of New Debt, debt associated with GGP's international subsidiaries, and preferred stock. Source: pg 75 of docket #4874. See appendix for details. (2) SCP debt needs to be removed from Target Net Debt to arrive at an estimate of PF GGP debt upon emergence (assumed to be 9/30/10e). This assumes GGP "hands back the keys" on SCP malls. This is a Pershing Square assumption as the outcome is TBD. Source: pg 17 of Q1'10 10-Q. See appendix for details. (3) Debt associated with properties going to GGO needs to be removed from Target Net Debt to arrive at an estimate of PF GGP debt. GGO debt includes debt associated with Victoria Ward, GGP's headquarters leasehold, the Bridgelands MPC and GGP's pro rata share of the Woodlands MPC debt. Debt estimate is derived from GGP's public filings and may not exactly reconcile to GGP's 9/30/10e estimate of such debt. See appendix for details.
42
(4) Brazil debt included in Target Net Debt is $110.4mm (Source: Cornerstone Investment Agreement.) GGP's share of this debt as of 3/31/10 was $95.2mm. Source: Q1'10 supplement pg 2. (5) See Excess Sources appendix page for details. Excess Sources are treated as cash and offset Target Net Debt. Bankruptcy "exit costs" are excluded from uses in the Excess Sources calculation because they are included as Permitted Claims in Target Net Debt. Excess Sources will likely be higher than presented, to the extent GGO's IPO Participation is greater than permitted liabilities. (6) Includes GGP's other liabilities that are not accounted for as part of Target Net Debt. See appendix for details. (7) See appendix for details. Excludes goodwill. (8) Applies 25% EBIT margin assumption to LTM management income of $80mm. Applies 7.5x multiple to implied LTM EBIT. Source for LTM fee income: GGP operating supplements. (9) PF GGP development assets including Christiana Mall, Fashion Place, St Louis Galleria. Source: Q1'10 operating supplement. (10) 9/30/10e PF GGP debt less $500mm of Proportionally Consolidated Unrestricted Cash.
________________________________________________
Source: Why the Sad Face Mall Sector? Credit Suisse equity research (4/26/10). (1) See previous page for details.
43
(1) See appendix for PF GGP balance sheet details. PF GGP Leverage Ratio represents Net Debt / Adj TEV at $15 per share. (2) Source: Simon operating supplements. Assumes 100% of mortgage debt is non-recourse. Most likely, some of this debt is recourse but disclosure is unavailable. (3) Source: Westfield financial results. Data as of Q4'09 if Q1'10 data is unavailable. (4) Source: Macerich operating supplements. Adjusted to reflect April 25, 2010 paydown of $690mm line of credit and April 7, 2010 paydown of $24mm Carmel Plaza loan. Adjusted to reflect refinancing and extension of Vintage Faire Mall loan. Assumes 100% of mortgage debt is non-recourse. Most likely, some of this debt is recourse but disclosure is unavailable. 44 (5) Source: Green Street Real Estate Securities Monthly (as of 6/1/10).
(1) Simon malls only. Includes regional mall portfolio, the Mills, Mills regional malls, and malls included in Other Properties (excl Highland Mall). Source: Simon operating supplements and 10-K. See later pages for Simon Malls operating metrics details. (2) Based on Westfield's U.S. mall portfolio only. Data as of Q4'09 if unavailable in Q1'10 financial results. Source: Westfield financial results. (3) Source: Macerich operating supplements. (4) Source for Macerich / Westfield: "U.S. Mall REITs May '10 Update" Green Street 5/19/10. See PF GGP Operating Metrics for PF GGP occupancy cost details. See appendix for details on Simon's occupancy cost. (5) Source for Macerich / Westfield: Green Street Real Estate Securities Monthly (as of 6/1/10). PF GGP cap rate based on implied share price of $9 net of GGO. See appendix for details on Simon's cap rate.
Aliansce
GGP owns 35% of Aliansce, a Brazilian mall developer, which went public in January. Pershing Square is the second largest owner with roughly 14% of the total shares outstanding
(1) (2) (2) (2)
Sales per Sq Ft Occupancy Occup. Cost Tenants Sales Growth (Q110) Cap Rate
(1) Source: Aliansce Q1'10 financial results and Pershing Square estimates. (2) See previous page for details.
________________________________________________
47
We note that Simons Regional Mall portfolio excludes several regional malls in The Mills and Mills Regional Malls segments
In our view, these assets should be included in Simons Regional Malls portfolio
Simon has also transferred certain of its underperforming malls into its Other Properties segment
For example, Highland Mall, a joint venture between Simon and GGP that was 51% occupied as of 12/31/09, was recently transferred back to the lender Highland Mall was included in Simons Regional Mall portfolio as of 12/31/08, but showed up in its Other Properties segment as of 12/31/09. This further served to increase Simons reported Regional Mall occupancy and sales per square foot as of Q110
48
90.8% $455 59.6 89.7% $373 20.3 87.4% $410 8.6 30.0% $250 0.8 89.7% $430 89.3
As of 6/1/10, Tanger Factory Outlet Centers, the best comp for Simons Premium Outlets segment, was trading at a higher cap rate than Simon*
* Tanger traded at a 6.9% implied cap rate as of 6/1/10. Source: Green Street Real Estate Securities Monthly (as of 6/1/10).
Other Properties Malls (excl Highland Mall) (3) Occupancy 30.0% Sales per Sq Ft (4) $250 Owned GLA (excl anchors) 0.8 Simon Malls Occupancy Sales per Sq Ft Owned GLA (excl anchors) 91.8% $441 89.3
(1) Source: Simon operating supplements. (2) Q1'10 data not available in Simon filings. Source: Pershing Square estimates. (3) Includes Mall at the Source, Nanuet Mall and Palm Beach Mall (at share). (4) Data not available. Source: Pershing Square estimates.
49
GGO
MPC
Summerlin Columbia Woodlands Bridgeland
Development
Victoria Ward South St. Seaport Summerlin Center Landmark Mall Park West
51
Non-Income/Other
Fashion Show Princeton Land 110 N. Wacker
GGP Shares Total Proceeds Issued Proceeds above $10 190 $ 2,850 $ 950 975 325 65 255 $ 3,825 $ 1,275
Sensitivity of GGO IPO Participation to GGP Offer Price GGP Offer Price GGO IPO Participation
(1) Assume 65mm Shares
52
$ $
10.00 -
$ $
11.00 204
$ $
12.00 408
$ $
13.00 612
$ $
14.00 816
$ $
15.00 1,020
$ $
16.00 1,224
(1) Projected bankrupcty exit costs, "Permitted Claims", are $650mm per Pershing Square assumptions (2) Source: Cornerstone Investment Agreement
53
Hughes Claim
GGP can settle the claim in bankruptcy at an estimation hearing Settlement is based on a 12/31/09 valuation of Summerlin MPC We expect the company to settle this claim at a reasonable number Post settlement, GGO will have 100% ownership of Summerlin (from 50%)
54
Share Count (millions): Current GGO FDSO (1) Rights Offering Backstop Shares (2) PF GGO FDSO (excl warrants) Warrants (share equivalent) (3) GGO FDSO (incl warrants)
(1) Includes OP Units and options. Source: Q1'10 operating supplement, pg 27. (2) Assumes only the backstop rights are exercised. Includes 2.5mm share backstop consideration. (3) Black-Scholes warrant valuation. Assumes 20 vol, 80mm warrants at $5.00 strike.
55
2,256
MPC Portfolio
MPC Portfolio
Bridgeland
Maryland, MPCs
Summerlin
Woodlands
57
1.43 acres of land sold for $26mm ($18mm / acre) here in June-07 (1)
59
60
61
Non-Income Producing Asset: Fashion Show Air Rights GGO owns the air rights above the Fashion Show Mall in Las Vegas This 48 acre, three-story property is located across from the Wynn and Encore, the most lucrative part of the Las Vegas Strip In 2007, nearby North Vegas Strip land sold for $34mm/acre Fashion Shows location is within walking distance of 75% of the citys more than 150,000 hotel rooms Located adjacent to Fashion Show is The Venetian, The Palazzo, and Sands Expo Center the largest hotel convention complex in the world
Source: "Vegas Land Values Soaring Sky High", Glenn Haussman, Hotel Interactive, 5/25/2007
62
Palazzo Venetian
Caesars
63
Conclusion
GGP Valuation PF GGP GGO Combined GGP Share Price Implied Return at Emergence by Year-end ~$15 ~$5 ~$20 ~$14 43%
65
Over the years, people have accused me of talking my book. For my best investment idea
67
68
Appendix
(1) Source: Exhibit C, docket #3660. Source for debt balance / interest rate / duration: 5/12/10 8-K. (2) Source for malls: Q1 10-Q pg. 21-22. Data presented pro rata (i.e. if GGP owns 50%, 50% of the GLA is shown). Source for debt balance / interest rate / duration: Q3'08 supplement. Source for subtotal debt balance (as of 3/31/10): Q1 10-Q, pg 22.
70
(3) On 5/3/10 the property owned by the Highland JV was transferred to the lender (Source: 10-Q pg 40). Source for debt detail: Simon Q1'10 supplement. Source for occupancy: Simon 10-K. Source for duration: Q3'08 operating supplement. (4) Source: Pershing Square estimates. Note: Occupancy costs are higher at underperforming malls because sales are low but rents are locked in. (5) Mall and freestanding gross leasable area (excludes anchor space).
($ in 000s) GGO Debt Victoria Ward Cmbd 110 N. Wacker Bridgelands MPC Woodlands MPC GGO Debt
Note: Most recent debt balance reported assumed to be 3/31/10 balance. True balance is actually less as amortization has occurred since most recent reported debt balance. Note: All GGO debt sits at the property-level and is non-recourse. Note: Excludes debt which may arise to the extent there is a GGO Promissory Note. We believe the amount of this note will be $0.
71
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1) (1)
(1)
Source: GGP 5/12/10 8-K. Note: Entities with no debt will be unencumbered upon emergence. (1) Represents an SCP mall. (2) Paid down in April-10.
72
Debt Balance $45,943 168,570 84,103 117,006 88,250 103,862 74,368 53,675 101,463 83,292 102,855 126,924 400,000 174,517 161,319 68,301 4,756 12,084 19,676 $1,990,964
Debt Balance as of: 9/30/08 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 12/31/09 9/30/08 9/30/08 9/30/08
Source Q3'08 supp 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K 10-K Q3'08 supp Q3'08 supp Q3'08 supp
73
(2) (3)
(3) (3)
(3)
Note: Most recent debt balance reported assumed to be 3/31/10 balance. True balance is actually less as amortization has occurred since most recent reported debt balance. (1) On 5/3/10 the property owned by the Highland JV was transferred to the lender (Source: 10-Q pg 40). (2) Represents an SCP mall. (3) Represents a Joint Venture mall included in GGP's "Consolidated Debt" disclosure.
74
($ in 000s) Other Debt Bridgelands MPC Woodlands MPC Homart I Ivanhoe Capital Turkey DIP Unsecured Debt: Exchangeable debt Rouse debt Revolver Senior term loan TopCo Unsecured Debt TRUPS Other Debt
Source 10-K Q3'08 supp 5/12/10 8-K 5/12/10 8-K Q3'08 supp 5/12/10 8-K
3/31/10
5/12/10 8-K
Note: Most recent debt balance reported assumed to be 3/31/10 balance. True balance is actually less as amortization has occurred since most recent reported debt balance.
75
76
(1) Source: Q1'10 supplement pg 2. See appendix for details. (2) As of 9/30/09, the last time GGP published its interest coverage ratio in its operating supplement. (3) See appendix for details. (4) Paid down Apr-10. (5) On 5/3/10 the property owned by the Highland JV was transferred to the lender (Source: 10-Q pg 40). (6) Assumed to be paid down as part of PF GGP's emergence. (7) Assumed to be issued as part of PF GGP's emergence.
77
78
(1) Includes all Secured Assset Loans, excluding Oakwood, Homart and Ivanhoe. Source: 5/12/10 8-K. Cash interest / duration as provided in GGP's 4/29/10 press release. Amount that is non-recourse deducts $2.9bn. Source: Q1'10 10-Q pg 29. (2) Interest rate assumed to be L+225. Source: docket #5225 and 5206. (3) Assumes $40mm is recourse to GGP. (4) This debt will be going to GGO. (5) Paid down Apr-10. (6) See Non-Debtor Consolidated Debt appendix page for details. (7) See JV Debt (excluding Consolidated JVs) appendix page for details. (8) On 5/3/10 the property owned by the Highland JV was transferred to the lender (Source: 10-Q pg 40). Interest rate / duration assumptions from Q3'08 operating supplement. (9) Source: 5/12/10 8-K. (10) Assumes new debt issued at 5.75% cash interest with 3 year duration. This debt will be issued at market rates. Note Simon issued 5-yr notes in Jan-10 yielding 4.25%. (11) See PF GGP Cash NOI slide for details. (12) LTM GGMI income as of 3/31/10. Source: operating supplements, see "Management fees and other corporate revenues." (13) Source: 2009 Annual Letter to Shareholders. Note "over the coming months, [GGP] intend[s] to introduce many other innovations to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Company."
(1)
(1)
5.68%
4/18/13
3.1
79
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
Source: Interest rates per the Q3'08 GGP operating supplement. Many of these interest rates, especially to the extent loans have been refinanced or are floating, may have changed since 9/30/08. Source: Maturities per the Q3'08 operating supplement. (1) GGP extended this loan at 4.5975% in Jan-10. Source: 1/25/10 press release. (2) Represents an SCP mall. On 5/3/10 the property owned by the Highland JV was transferred to the lender (Source: 10-Q pg 40). (3) For loans with maturity dates preceding 3/31/10, we have assumed they were refinanced with 1/1/14 maturity dates and with 5.75% interest rates. Source: Pershing Square assumption. (4) Represents amortization that has occurred since the most recent reported date of GGP's debt. (5) Source: Q1'10 supplement pg. 29.
80
(1) Target Net Debt as of the original Cornerstone Investment Agreement. Target Net Debt is an estimate of GGP's net debt as of 9/30/10e. Target Net Debt includes PF GGP and GGO liabilities. In addition, Target Net Debt includes non-debt liabilities, such as accrued interest and Permitted Claims (i.e. the KEIP), among other things. Therefore, Target Net Debt includes the Company's estimate of bankruptcy "exit costs." Furthermore, Target Net Debt includes the following: $1.5bn of New Debt, debt associated with GGP's international subsidiaries, and preferred stock. Source: pg 75 of docket #4874. (2) Source: Original Cornerstone Investment Agreement. (3) Represents Pershing Square's estimate of bankruptcy "exit costs," including the KEIP, transaction costs, etc. Pershing Square estimates this $650mm estimate could be more than $200mm too high. (4) Includes accrued interest on unsecured debt, DIP loan, Homart/Ivanhoe, TRUPs, pfd stock, and secured debt. Pershing Square estimate. (5) As of 3/31/10. Projected 9/30/10e balances included in Target Net Debt may differ than 3/31/10 actual debt balances due to interim amortization. (6) Per the Cornerstone Investment Agreement. GGP's share of this debt as of 3/31/10 was $95.2mm. Source: Q1'10 supplement pg 2. (7) Source: Q1'10 supplement pg 2. (8) See appendix for details.
81
$10.00 Emergence Sources New Debt (1) BPF (pre-clawback) (2) Clawback (3) Liquidity Equity Issuances (4) Emergence Sources Emergence Uses TopCo unsecured debt (5) DIP loan (5) Emergence Uses Excess Sources $1,500 4,400 1,900 650 8,450
Illustrative PF GGP Equity Raise Price $11.00 $12.00 $13.00 $14.00 $15.00 $1,500 4,400 1,938 663 8,501 $1,500 4,400 1,976 676 8,552 $1,500 4,400 2,014 689 8,603 $1,500 4,400 2,052 702 8,654 $1,500 4,400 2,090 715 8,705
(1) New Debt is included as a source of funds because the corresponding liability is included in Target Net Debt. The estimated fee to raise the New Debt is also included as a Permitted Claim in the Target Net Debt amount. (2) Represents PF GGP's sale of 440mm shares to BPF at $10 per share. (250mm to B, 190mm to PF). (3) Subject to the 80/20 GGO IPO Participation, PF GGP is entitled to keep 20% of excess proceeds raised above $10. To the extent GGO's 80% IPO Participation exceeds permitted liabilities, PF GGP will be entitled to keep more cash than presented above. (4) Assumes GGP sells 65mm Liquidity Equity Issuances shares. GGP is entitled to keep 20% of excess proceeds raised above $10. (5) TopCo unsecured debt, which includes GGP's convert, Rouse debt, term loan, and revolver, and the DIP loan are treated as uses of funds because they are excluded from Target Net Debt as part of the Reinstatement Adjustment Amount.
82
PF GGP Other Liabilities (as of 3/31/10) ($ in mms) Consolidated other liabilities (1) Plus: Unconsolidated other liabilities (2) Less: Hughes participation payable (3) Less: Accrued interest accounted for in Target Net Debt (4) Less: Professional fees incl in other liabilities (5) Less: Accrued KEIP incl in other liabilities (6) Less: Other "Exit Costs" incl in other liabilities (7) PF GGP Adjusted Other Liabilities $1,774 219 (69) (383) (18) (79) (100) $1,345
PF GGP Other Assets (as of 3/31/10) ($ in mms) Accounts & notes receivable, net (1) Deferred expenses, net (1) Prepaid expenses & other assets (1) PF GGP Other Assets $506 384 796 $1,686
(1) Source: GGP Q1 10-Q pg 34. (2) Assumes pro rata GGP share of unsonsolidated other liabilities is 50%. Source: 10-Q pg 23. (3) Excluded from other liabilities as we assume this liability will be covered by the GGO IPO Participation. Source: 10-Q pg 34. (4) Target Net Debt includes accrued and unpaid interest on GGP's unsecured debt, pfd stock, partner loans, DIP loan, and certain mortgage notes. As of 3/31/10, GGP had $450mm of accrued interest included in other liabilities (Source: 10-Q pg 34). The vast majority of this is included in the Target Net Debt amount and therefore needs to be adjusted to avoid double-counting. Pershing Square estimates at least 85% of this amount needs to be deducted as it likely relates to accrued interest included in Target Net Debt. (5) Target Net Debt includes professional fees associated with GGP's bankruptcy. As a result, any amount of professional fees included in other liabilities need to be deducted. Source: 10-Q pg 12. (6) Target Net Debt includes GGP's ultimate KEIP payment, which was estimated to be $165mm as of 3/31/10. As of 3/31/10, $79mm of the KEIP had been accrued as a liability. Source: 10-Q pg 12. (7) Includes pre-petition vendor liabilities and mechanics' liens that should be covered by the $650mm Permitted Claims cushion in Target Net Debt. Source: Pershing Square estimate.
Note: Excludes goodwill of $199.7mm as of 3/31/10. (1) Includes unconsolidated other assets at 50% share. Source: pgs 3 and 23 of Q1'10 10-Q.
83
LTM
Minimum rents Tenant recoveries Overage rents Other Total Property Revenues Less: Real estate taxes Less: Repairs & maintenance Less: Marketing Less: Other property operating costs Less: Provision for doubtful accounts NOI Less: Straight-line rent adj. Less: FAS 141 adj. (lease mark to mkt) Plus: Non-cash ground rent expense Plus: Real estate tax stabilisation adj. GGP Cash NOI
$2,360
84
$3,284
62 92 32.2%
45 68 33.6%
35 56 37.7%
36 57 35.8%
71 92 22.9%
56 80 30.2%
Source: Simon operating supplements. (1) Simon includes interest income in other revenue. This needs to be backed out to create an apples to apples comparison with GGP. (2) Simon does not disclose the amount of interest income and gains on land sales from its unconsolidated segment. Assumes the ratio of interest income and gains on land sales in other revenue is similar to the ratio of consolidated other income to total share. For example, Q1'10 reported consolidated interest income was $7.714mm. Multiplying this by 1.302x results in assumed total share interest income of $10.047mm. (3) Source: See Footnotes to Reconciliation of Consolidated Net Income to FFO in Simon's operating supplements for straight-line rent and FAS 141 adjustments.
85
24,250 126 1,845 (3,609) (2,445) (35) $50,038 (229) $49,809 $3,284 6.6%
(1) Includes Series I preferred shares and options (Source: Simon Q1'10 operating supplement). (2) As reported in Simon's pro rata balance sheet (Source: Simon Q1'10 operating supplement). (3) Excludes $20mm of goodwill (Source: Simon 2009 10-K). (4) Simon's share of U.S. CIP (page 36 of Q1'10 operating supplement). (5) Applies 25% EBIT margin to LTM fee income of $122mm and a 7.5x EBIT multiple. (6) See Simon LTM Cash NOI appendix page for details.
86
(3)
(6)
(8)
(3)
(5)
(8)
(3)
(8)
(7)
Note: Unlike GGP, Simon does not disclose occupancy cost data. The exercise above uses historical reported GGP data to attempt to back into Simon's implied Regional Malls occupancy cost. Actual data may vary. (1) Represents Consolidated Portfolio (i.e. excl unconsolidated). This is done because GGP does not disclose rent per sq ft metrics on a pro rata basis. (2) GGP used to report rent per sq ft instead of rent & recoverable common area costs per sq foot before Q1'07. Represents GGP Q4'06 consolidated rent per sq ft of $34.29 with assumed 3% YoY growth (same as Q4'06 reported growth). Source: GGP Q4'06 operating supplement. (3) Source: GGP Q4'07 operating supplement. (4) Represents the ratio of Occupancy Cost to rent & recoverable common area costs / tenant sales. (5) Source: Simon Q4'09 operating supplement. (6) Assumes Simon's ratio of rent and recoverable common area costs PSF / rent PSF is 1.34x based on GGP's historical ratio of 1.27x. Simon derives approximately 5% more of its revenue from tenant reimbursements than GGP. (7) Based on GGP's adjustment factor as of Q4'09. (8) Source: GGP Q4'09 operating supplement.
87
88
Wait to Rate: How To Save The Rating Agencies (and the Capital Markets)
May 26, 2010
Disclaimer
The analyses and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") contained in this presentation are based on publicly available information. Pershing Square recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the companies discussed in the presentation that could lead these companies to disagree with Pershing Squares conclusions. This presentation and the information contained herein is not a recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell any securities. The analyses provided may include certain statements, estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the companies, access to capital markets and the values of assets and liabilities. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Funds managed by Pershing Square and its affiliates have invested in long and short positions in various securities and financial instruments. Pershing Square manages funds that are in the business of actively trading buying and selling securities and financial instruments. Pershing Square may currently or in the future change its position regarding any of the securities it owns. Pershing Square reserves the right to buy, sell, cover or otherwise change the form of its investment in any company for any reason. Pershing Square hereby disclaims any duty to provide any updates or changes to the analyses contained here including, without limitation, the manner or type of any Pershing Square investment.
The Context Rating agencies were material contributors to the credit crisis as their inaccurate ratings allowed for the issuance of trillions of dollars of securities and derivatives which generated trillions of dollars of losses globally What they do well
Rating agencies are generally good at rating the debts of corporate issuers
Various proposals have been floated to address the problem. As currently proposed, we believe that none will succeed as comprehensive reform
2
What Are the Principal Problems? Problems are caused by corrupting incentives at the original issuance of a security or derivative by an issuer Investors Overly relied on ratings rather than their own due diligence and are often subject to ratings-based investment limitations Issuers/Banks Are incentivized to get highest ratings with highest yielding (riskiest) assets NRSROs Are conflicted by how they are paid; without high ratings, agencies do not earn fees on new issue transactions Success Fee model leads to competition and grade inflation among NRSROs for new issuers and new product ratings
3
Notwithstanding the foregoing, NRSROs shall at all times be permitted to: (a)
(b)
New Paradigm:
Investors will need to do their own due diligence and will benefit from truly independent ratings/research Issuers/Banks ratings opinion uncertainty will force them to underpromise and over-deliver creating margins of safety above ratings targets NRSROs will call em like they see em and will be completely removed from the structuring and underwriting process Investor Pay Research creates opportunity for Investor Pays ratings and research to develop as non-NRSRO analysts will be permitted to publish preoffering and during the blackout period
8
How Should Ratings Agencies Be Compensated? New Fee Arrangements Ratings fees should be set aside and paid over time by issuers to NRSROs and failure to pay fees would be deemed an Event of Default for issuers Base Fee a minimum fee will be paid in quarterly increments over the life of the bond to those NRSROs that pre-commit to rate a new bond after the 60-day moratorium and to continue to update those ratings over the bonds life Ranking Fee a portion of the remaining set aside will be paid in annual increments based on investor-determined annual rankings of each NRSRO Performance Fee the remaining set aside will be paid in annual increments to the NRSROs based on the performance of the bond relative to the ratings designated by each participating NRSRO
9
New Paradigm:
Investors will help allocate ratings fees, closer to an Investor Pays model Issuers/Banks will have no ability to set compensation or even choose which NRSROs will rate a bond NRSROs will be paid over time, with a large percentage of compensation based on performance; material consistent underperformance assures loss of NRSRO status Investor Pay Research will create market opportunity which will improve independent research for buyside investors
10
Conclusion
The combination of increased buyside due diligence coupled with mitigation of conflicts of interest and a new payment scheme can restore the integrity of ratings The steps toward regaining confidence are deceptively simple: Exclude the NRSRO rating agencies from the initial offering and underwriting process Create incentives for fundamental research and valuation analysis by investors Create the market opportunity for Investor Pays research and ratings to develop Create a payment regime that focuses on NRSRO performance and the quality of their ratings over time and aligns their interest with investors Failure to address fundamental flaws in the legacy ratings system is not an option
11
Disclaimer
The analyses and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") contained in this presentation are based on publicly available information. The analyses provided may include certain statements, estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, historical and anticipated performance of certain assets, and the values of assets and liabilities. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein. This presentation and the information contained herein is not a recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell any securities. Pershing Square hereby disclaims any duty to provide any updates or changes to the analyses contained in this presentation.
1
What Happened?
Decreasing Defaults
Source: Whos Holding the Bag?, PSCM, May 2007 7
Leverage Increased
The second lien market allowed borrowers to layer additional leverage
Total Second Lien & Piggyback Second Lien Issuance
Source: Standard & Poors, and Whos Holding the Bag?, PSCM, May 2007 8
Financial Innovation
The popularity of Interest Only and Negative Amortization loans grew rapidly
29%
23%
Source: Thompson Financial, Deutsche Bank, Whos Holding the Bag?, PSCM, May 2007 10
Valuation
178 170 150 134 117 109 122 127 117 134 130 133 137 125 126 127 128 124 128 120 109 110
14
Housing as a hedge: Home ownership with fixed-rate financing protects buyers from asset and rent inflation
Source: Beracha and Johnson, Lessons from Over 30 Years of Buy versus Rent Decision: Is the American Dream Always Wise? Assumptions in appendix 15
Forced Sellers
Long-term the foreclosure crisis is good for housing. Over-priced and overleveraged homes will be transitioned to new, stable owners at more reasonable prices and on more favorable financing terms
Source: Deutsche Bank, Whither the distressed inventory flood 17
Short Sales
Short sale transactions are increasing
Number of Short Sales Per Month
18
19
20
Financing
1977
1982
1987
1992
22
1997
2002
2007
Low Fixed Rate 4.43% APR Long Term 30-Year Amortization High LTV 80% (97% for FHA loans) Non-Recourse Loans are explicitly or effectively non-recourse Adequate Financing Available $417k to $730k, depending on location No Prepayment Penalties Creates refinancing optionality Tax Deductible Interest More valuable with coming tax increases
No other business or investor can get financing on such favorable terms
23
GSE and FHA mortgages are now >90% of the origination market The target Fed Funds rate is 0% The Fed has purchased more than one trillion dollars of Mortgage Backed Securities FHA high LTV refinancing programs are helping distressed borrowers
24
Annual Fees Property Taxes (% of Home Value) 1.50% Maint. + Insurance (% of Home Value) 2.00% Annual expenses grow with home appreciation Tax Rate Income Tax Rate
25%
Rent Implied rent grows with home appreciation Holding Period 10 Years
25
After a small down payment, a buyers monthly after-tax cost of carry is at or below the monthly rental expense
Average Two Bedroom Home in Baltimore:
Conventional Home Price Equivalent Monthly Rent Owner's Monthly Out of Pocket Downpayment + Closing Costs LTV $ 187,998 $ 1,300 1,072 41,360 80%
If the borrower has the opportunity to refinance at better rates, returns would be even higher
27
If the borrower has the opportunity to refinance at better rates, returns would be even higher
28
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
X Homeownership Rate
LT Annual Single Family Home Demand
Assumed: 66%
1,101
1,253
Source: Joint Center for Housing Studies, Harvard University, Updated 2010-2020 Household and New Home Demand Projections Applies 66% to all figures excluding: Vacant Rental (0%) and Second Homes (100%)
33
Price
14
-5%
Supply
0% 6
5% 4 10% 2 15%
20% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
0 2011
35
Source: US Census Bureau
It can take three to seven years to get land permitted in many of the more desirable markets
Sources: Deustche Bank, Builder Community Analysis Toll Brothers Management 36
2,500
Projected LT Demand:
1.1-1.25mm new single family homes per year
2,000
1,500
1,000
Inventory Depletion
500
0 1959 1963 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007
Source: Chart: US Census Bureau 37 Joint Center for Housing Studies, Harvard University, Updated 2010-2020 Household and New Home Demand Projections
Out-of-favor
So even at 89 cents a share, it still looks pretty bleak out there for General Growth Shareholders - Businessweek, April 2009 The U.S. housing market is headed for a complete and total nightmare - Business Insider, August 2010 Now They Tell Us: Experts say housing is a lousy investment and it always will be - Yahoo Finance, August 2010
39
Concluding Thoughts
Why Now?
Interest rates wont stay this low forever New monetary easing increases the risk of inflation Even with the current inventory levels, at todays valuations, it is unlikely we will see another substantial decline in prices Forced selling may abate as lenders balance sheets improve Generally, there is more liquidity on the way down than on the way up An economic recovery could cause housing to recover faster than many people think
41
The Housing Purchase is One of the Most Emotional Investment Decisions a Family Can Make
Once a family is able to purchase a home, the decision is based on psychological factors: Confidence in the, and ones, future The fear of missing the opportunity to buy at the bottom These psychological factors have self-reinforcing qualities that are similar to the forces that drive financial markets
Catalyst
Decision to Purchase
42
Institutional investors have almost no exposure to singlefamily home rental properties (SFHRPs) as an asset class Low valuation, high current yield and long-term appreciation potential make SFHRPs an intelligent investment for institutional investors Despite these investment characteristics, we are unaware of any large pools of capital that have been raised to pursue this opportunity. This will change
43
44
Median Priced Single Family Home U.S. For-Sale Inventory of Single-Family Homes U.S. For-Sale Housing Inventory ($Tn) Global Institutional & Private Wealth AUM ($Tn)* U.S. For-Sale Inventory as % of Global AUM
45
Appendix
Source: Beracha and Johnson, Lessons from Over 30 Years of Buy versus Rent Decision: Is the American Dream Always Wise?
47
Linked to Win
September 14, 2011
Disclaimer
The analyses and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") contained in this presentation are based on publicly available information. Pershing Square recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of instruments of state, governments and other interested parties discussed in the presentation that could lead those constituents and other market participants to disagree with Pershing Squares conclusions. This presentation and the information contained herein is not investment advice or a recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell any securities, currencies or other investment instruments. All investments involve risk, including the loss of principal. The analyses provided may include certain statements, estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, historical and anticipated events, access to and changes in capital markets and the values of currencies, assets and liabilities. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant political, regulatory, economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations or warranties, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein and Pershing Square disclaims any liability with respect thereto. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Funds managed by Pershing Square and its affiliates own U.S. dollars, Hong Kong dollars and options on the Hong Kong dollar. Pershing Square manages funds that are in the business of trading - buying and selling securities and other financial instruments. It is likely that there will be developments in the future that cause Pershing Square to change its position regarding such investments. Pershing Square may buy, sell, cover or otherwise change the form of these investments for any or no reason. Pershing Square hereby disclaims any duty to any recipient hereof or to provide any updates or changes to the analyses contained here including, without limitation, the manner or type of any Pershing Square investment.
III. The Current State of Play IV. Our Prediction of What is Likely to Happen V. The Investment Opportunity
I. The Context
5
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
GDP U.S.
U.S. GDP is still below the Q4 07 peak
Annualized Real GDP (Billion USD, 2005 Dollars)
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
Unemployment U.S.
Unemployment in the U.S. remains stubbornly high at over 9%
Unemployment Rate (%)
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
Inflation U.S.
Inflation has picked up, but seems to have leveled off and is forecast to decrease
Consumer Price Index Growth (YoY)
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
Economic Weakness
Near 0% Short-Term Interest Rates through mid-2013 Multiple Rounds of Quantitative Easing
________________________________________________
10
U.S. Monetary Policy Will Remain Extremely Accommodative: The committee currently anticipates that economic conditions including low rates of resource utilization and a subdued outlook for inflation over the medium run are likely to warrant exceptionally low levels for the federal funds rate at least through mid-2013
- Federal Reserve statement, August 2011
________________________________________________
11
Source: Press, Release August 9, 2011 Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20110809a.htm).
12
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
GDP Economy X
Economy X GDP is well above its peak
LTM Real GDP (Billion Local Currency)
________________________________________________
14
Unemployment Economy X
Unemployment is 3.4% and back to pre-recession lows
Unemployment Rate (%)
________________________________________________
15
Source: Bloomberg.
________________________________________________
16
Inflation Economy X
Inflation is accelerating and is now nearly 6%
Underlying Consumer Price Index Growth (YoY)
________________________________________________
Source: Monthly Report on the Consumer Price Index - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government. (http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/products_and_services/products/publications/statistical_report/prices_household_expenditure/index_cd_B1060001_dt_detail.jsp).
17
Economy X
U.S.
________________________________________________
Source: Based on the latest available Bloomberg data. 18 Press Release, August 22, 2011 Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government (http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/press_release/press_releases_on_statistics/index.jsp?sID=2798&sSUBID=19062&displayMode=D).
Who is Economy X? Why would Economy X have the same monetary policy as the United States?
19
Economy X = Hong Kong Why Does Hong Kong share U.S. monetary policy? The Hong Kong Dollars (HKD) peg to the U.S. Dollar (USD) forces Hong Kong to import the U.S.s ultraaccommodative monetary policy, despite its much stronger economy
Sterling Peg
Free Floating
Dollar Peg
HKD Strength
________________________________________________
Source: Hong Kongs Linked Exchange Rate System Hong Kong Monetary Authority, p.34 (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/public/hkmalin/index.htm).
23
Sterling
________________________________________________
Source: The Decline of Sterling: Managing the Retreat of an International Currency, 1945-1992 - Catherine R. Schenk, p.23.
HKD Strength
________________________________________________
25
Source: Hong Kongs Linked Exchange Rate System - Hong Kong Monetary Authority, p.34 (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/public/hkmalin/index.htm).
HKD Strength
Sterling ends USD peg and two weeks later HKD is pegged to USD
________________________________________________
26
Source: Hong Kongs Linked Exchange Rate System - Hong Kong Monetary Authority, p.34 (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/public/hkmalin/index.htm).
27
HKD Weakness
28
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
HKD/USD
HKD Weakness
________________________________________________
29
Source: Bloomberg.
________________________________________________
30
Source: Hong Kong SARs Monetary and Rate Challenges - Catherine Schenk, p149-50.
HKD Weakness
Creation of 7.75 to 7.85 Band Resumption of the USD peg, this time at 7.80 HKD/USD 98 Weak Side Intervention Commitment 05 Strong Side Intervention Commitment
Floating Rate
________________________________________________
31
Source: Bloomberg.
Why Did HK Choose the USD as an Anchor in 1983? US monetary policy established tremendous credibility in the Volcker era There was no other viable anchor Precious metals had been discredited and Sterling was a secondary currency The US was a major HK trading partner The USD was commonly used in international trade and finance The crucial factor is that there should be confidence that the anchor currency will be managed responsibly by its central bank. - Tony Latter, Former HKMA Deputy Chief Executive and coarchitect of the peg
________________________________________________
32
Source: Hong Kongs Money: The History, Logic and Operation of the Currency Peg - Tony Latter, p.56.
How do we know what the HK government was thinking when the peg was introduced in 1983? This publically available HK government policy memo details the HK governments thinking at the time:
________________________________________________
33
HK Has Been Responsive to Change Event: Silver appreciation (1935) Response: Sterling Peg Event: Sterling devaluation (1967, 1972) Response: Revaluation; Switch to USD Peg Event: USD devaluation (1973, 1974) Response: Revaluation; HKD Float Event: HKD Crisis (1983) Response: USD Peg
34
Hong Kong
Population: 7.1mm GDP by Sector: Finance 26%, Trade 27%, Public Administration 18%, Transportation 9% Economic Freedom: Ranked #1 for 17 consecutive years by the Heritage Foundation History: British colonial rule (18421997) Reversion to Chinese sovereignty (1997) One Country, Two Systems (1997-2047) Harmonization with the Mainland (2047 - Onward)
________________________________________________
Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2010 - Information Service Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, p.49 (http://www.yearbook.gov.hk/2010/en/index.html). Picture - (http://www.expatify.com/hong-kong/navigating-the-residential-neighborhoods-of-hong-kong.html).
36
________________________________________________
Source: National Income and Balance of Payments - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Table 32.
39
The LERS
Since 1983, the LERS has kept the HKD pegged to the USD at a rate of ~7.80 HKD/USD The HKMA has established a 7.75 to 7.85 HKD/USD trading band for the currency The price of the HKD is kept within the trading band through a series of arbitrage and automatic intervention mechanisms
Sustainable limit
________________________________________________
43 Source: Bloomberg. Estimates of Fundamental Equilibrium Exchange Rates - Peterson Institute for International Economics, p.3.
________________________________________________
44
Source: National Income and Balance of Payments - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Table 42.
________________________________________________
45
Source: Bloomberg.
________________________________________________
46
________________________________________________
Source: Surplus - Public Account, Money and Finance - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Table 192. Nominal GDP - National Income and Balance of Payments - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Table 32.
47
________________________________________________
Source: Foreign Currency Assets - Bloomberg (Adjusted for HKD). 48 Nominal GDP - National Income and Balance of Payments - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Table 32.
________________________________________________
49
Source: Bloomberg.
________________________________________________
50
Source: Nominal Major Currency Index - Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/summary/default.htm).
The success of a currency board arrangement, and its acceptability to local people and businesses, depend to a considerable extent on the anchor currency being reasonably stable.
- Tony Latter, Former HKMA deputy chief executive and co-architect of the peg
________________________________________________
51
Source: Hands On, Hands Off?: The Nature and Process of Economic Policy in Hong Kong - Tony Latter, p.75.
52
________________________________________________
Source: External Trade - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Table 60.
53
________________________________________________
54
The USD Peg Has Materially Reduced the Market Value of the HKD
55
________________________________________________
56
Source: BIS Real Effective Exchange Rates - Bank of International Settlements, Broad Index (http://www.bis.org/statistics/eer/index.htm).
HKD Weakness
The RMB has appreciated by 30% since 2005 and officials have indicated that it will continue to appreciate
________________________________________________
57 Source: Bloomberg. China will stick to gradual appreciation of Yuan: Wen - Economic Times (http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-03-15/news/28691614_1_wen-jiabao-growth-rate-exchange-rate).
Valuation Summary
Economist models and changes in trade-weighted real exchange rates indicate that the HKD is materially undervalued relative to a basket of its trading partners
Model
Decline in Real Trade-Weighted Value - Last 10yrs Goldman Sachs DEER Model Barclays PPP Model
%Undervalued(MultiLateral)
54% 26% 33%
Undervaluation
% Undervalued: % Undervalued = (7.80/Fair Value) -1
26%54%
________________________________________________
Source: Economic Research: GS DEER - Goldman Sachs, Q2 2011 Trade Weighted Misalignment. 58 Currency valuation from a macro perspective - Barclays Capital, June 14, 2011, p.3. Estimates of Fundamental Equilibrium Exchange Peterson Institute for International Economics, Real Effective Exchange Rate, May 2011.
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
At the time the peg was introduced, the HK government recognized the risks of tying HKs monetary policy to that of the US [D]omestic interest rates and domestic inflation will be substantially influenced by the behavior of the economy to whose currency it is tied (the USA in this case). It was, in essence, the potential effect of such ties upon the Hong Kong economy which led to the abandonment of the sterling link in 1972 and then the US dollar link in 1974.
- Hong Kong government policy memo, 1983
________________________________________________
61
The HKMA recently increased its 2011 inflation expectation to 5.5% from 4.5%
________________________________________________
63
Source: Monthly Report on the Consumer Price Index - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government.
HK Residential Price Index (Centaline Property Centa-City Leading Hong Kong Index)
222% Increase
________________________________________________
64
Source: Bloomberg.
________________________________________________
65
Class A office market stats: Vacancy Rate: ~2% Rent (% yoy): ~+18% Cap Rates: ~3%
________________________________________________
Source: Half-Yearly Monetary and Financial Stability Report - March 2011 - Hong Kong Economy, HK Commercial Price Index , p. 38 (http://www.hkeconomy.gov.hk/en/reports/index.htm). 1 CBRE Data Prepared for Pershing Square.
66
69
HKD Weakness
Strong-side Intervention
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg.
70
Strong-side Intervention
________________________________________________
71
Source: Monthly Statistical Bulletin - Table 1.1 - Hong Kong Monetary Authority, September 5, 2011 (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/statistics/msb/index.htm).
________________________________________________
72
The HKDs widely recognized undervaluation increases the likelihood that the HKMA will need to print more money to keep the HKD within the band With short-term interest rates already near zero, rates cant fall any further to discourage investors from holding the HKD
74
________________________________________________
75
Source: Bloomberg.
+10% real interest rates post the Asian Financial crisis retarded Hong Kongs recovery
High negative real interest rates have contributed Hong Kongs current and prior asset bubbles
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg. 76 Monthly Report on the Consumer Price Index - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Underlying Inflation.
77
HKD Weakness
________________________________________________
Source: Nominal Effective Exchange Rate Bloomberg. External Trade - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Table 76.
78
________________________________________________
79
Source: Half - Yearly Economic Report - Hong Kong SAR Government, p.111 (http://www.hkeconomy.gov.hk/en/pdf/er_11q2.pdf).
HKD Weakness
________________________________________________
80
Source: Bloomberg.
HKD Weakness
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg. 81 Monthly Report on the Consumer Price Index - Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Underlying Inflation .
Near zero US short-term interest rates for two years or more Despite high inflation, the HKD is still undervalued by ~30% HKDs undervaluation will only worsen as the RMB appreciates Broad money supply (M2) has not yet grown to reflect the full impact of the massive 2008/2009 Monetary Base expansion Undervaluation increases the risk that the HKMA will need to print more HKD to keep the currency within the band The HKMA estimates that HK has no spare resource capacity to absorb further demand growth
________________________________________________
82
Source: Half - Yearly Monetary and Financial Stability Report - Hong Kong Monetary Authority, March 2010, p.33.
Countries were measured across six different economic indicators of overheating Inflation GDP Growth Employment Credit Interest Current Account
________________________________________________
83
The Elderly
Value of their savings is eroded by inflation Low interest rates reduce fixed income investment returns
The Poor
Do not have the savings to absorb price shocks
The Rich
While some rich get richer speculating on real estate with lowcost credit, their global purchasing power deteriorates
85
________________________________________________
86
Source: Pictures - Zoe Li, William McCallum, Christopher DeWolf (http://jmsc.hku.hk/hkstories/content/view/659/8786/) and (http://www.lcscapes.com/HK-VerticalHousing/LC-HK_VerticalHousing.html).
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
________________________________________________
Source: Human Development Report 2009 - United Nation Development Programme, p.195 (http://hdr.undp.org/en/contacts/about/undp/).
Japan
Norway
Czech Republic
Germany
France
More Inequality
87
Switzerland
Australia
United Kingdom
Italy
New Zealand
United States
Hong Kong
________________________________________________
Source: Real Wages - Bloomberg. Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong SAR Government, Productivity Index, table 103.
88
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Vancouver Hong Kong San Francisco San Diego Honolulu New York Los Angeles Montreal Sydney Toronto London
________________________________________________
Source: 7th Annual Demographic International Housing Affordability Survey: 2011 - Performance Urban Planning, p.10.
89
________________________________________________
90
Source: 15% Rental Increase Makes Singapore 5th Most Expensive Locations Globally - ECA International (http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/show_press_release?ArticleID=7309).
A high-level Beijing official has expressed concern that the housing situation may become politically destabilizing:
Housing is of course a social and an economic issue. However, if dealt with inappropriately, it will also become a political issue.
-Wang Guangya Director of Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China
________________________________________________
91
Source: Wang Guangya Talking About Housing Market When Visiting HK: Housing Issues May Become a Political Issue if Inappropriately Deal With June 15, 2011 (translation).
Tens of thousands of people are not satisfied with the level of political freedom in Hong Kong on July 1st, 2010
10,000 people protested against inflation (prices of food and housing) in March 2011
Several organizations protested against the dominance of property developers and high prices in May 2011
________________________________________________
Source: Picture - BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10480116). Picture - The Economist (http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2011/03/protests_hong_kong). 92 Picture - Macau Daily Times (http://www.macaudailytimes.com.mo/china/25180-residents-protest-high-property-prices.html).
MoreSocial Unrest
This year, 218,000 people, the most since the massive 2003 civil liberty protests, marched in Hong Kong's annual July 1st rally
They arent happy with the fact that they do not see an improvement in living standards, despite the good economic statistics. Bloomberg July 1st , 2011
________________________________________________
93
Unpopular Government
Despite a surging economy and 3.4% unemployment, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong has a lower approval rating than President Obama
% Who Would Vote Yes for the Current Chief Executive? Trade-Weighted Nominal HKD
94
Recent Headlines Hong Kong Faces Heat on Dollar Peg Financial Times, November 2010 Hong Kong Should End Peg to U.S. Dollar, Deutsche Bank Says Bloomberg, November 2010 The Peg will be History The Standard, January 2010
________________________________________________
95
A link to a basket of currencies or no link at all is more desirable Marc Faber March 2011 Continuous appreciation of the Renminbi means diminishing purchasing power of the Hong Kong dollarThe problem cannot be tackled unless we abolish the linked rate in Hong Kong. The Honourable Chan Kin-Por, Legislative Council Member & Chief Executive of Munich Re Hong Kong January 2011 I think its a case of a frog boiling in waterIt could happen sooner than people think given the rapid rise in circulation of the currency [RMB] Peter Redward, Barclays Economist October 2010 The merits of reform are high and the cost of the relevant option is low.4 James Grant May 2011
Politician
Economist
Analyst
Source: Its time to end the HK$ peg - Hong Kong Business, March 10, 2011. Legislative Council Transcript of January 6, 2011 meeting. 96 Hong Kong May have to revalue in 2 years, Barclays says - Bloomberg Businessweek, October 26, 2010. 4 Grants Interest Rate Observer, May 2011.
Housing Efforts have failed to reduce prices meaningfully LTV caps on new mortgages Transaction tax on homes sold soon after purchase Home Supply Increased land sales Introduction of a Minimum Wage Rent Relief Utility Subsidy Cash Handouts
________________________________________________
Source: Bloomberg. Hong Kong Property Morgan Stanley, September 2, 2011, p.19. Asian Economics Analyst Goldman Sachs, June 23, 2011, p.4.
98
Reminder
The history demonstrates that Hong Kong has modified its exchange rate system to address major economic changes
HKD/USD (inverted)
Sterling Peg
Free Floating
Dollar Peg
HKD Strength
________________________________________________
Source: Hong Kongs Linked Exchange Rate System Hong Kong Monetary Authority, p.34 (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/public/hkmalin/index.htm).
The only effective way to mitigate inflation and a potential real estate bubble is to allow the HKD to appreciate
101
There are Four Principal Revaluation Alternatives 1. Allow the HKD to float 2. Repeg the HKD to a trade-weighted basket 3. Repeg the HKD to the RMB 4. Keep the USD peg, but revalue to an appropriate exchange rate
103
Alternative Two Peg to a Trade-Weighted Basket Pros: Monetary policy would more closely match that of its trading partners Reduces HKs real exchange rate volatility Singapore has successfully used this approach Cons: A basket is less transparent and more complicated than the Peg The average interest rates of HKs trade partners is low today, which would mean continued low HK rates A basket introduces more discretion as trade weights can be adjusted and are subjective, increasing the risk of politicizing monetary policy
104
Alt. Three A Direct or Basket RMB Link is Inevitable HKs deepening economic ties with the Mainland make a direct or basket RMB link the widely understood best long-term solution to solving the pressures of the USD link While the HKMA has said that it does not support an RMB link now, it has laid out preconditions, which we believe will likely be met in the coming years The biggest impediment to an RMB peg today is the lack of capital account convertibility of the RMB But we believe full capital account convertibility is inevitable and coming soon
The RMB is rapidly internationalizing in the current account and full convertibility is possible by 2015: I should say it is quite possible for China to realise yuan convertibility by 2015.
Li Daokui, Peoples Bank of China (PBOC) Monetary Policy Committee, September 2011
________________________________________________
Source: Yuan Will Be Fully Convertible by 2015, Chinese Officials Tell EU Chamber Bloomberg, September 8, 2011 (http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-08/yuan-to-be-fully-convertible-by-2015-eu-chamber.html). China Yuan Likely Convertible by 2015 Thompson Reuters September 9, 2011. 106
The extremely divergent economic characteristics of HK and the US make the status quo unsustainable, destructive, and a distortion to the HK economy
The HKD will likely be pegged to the RMB or to an RMB-led basket within the coming years. All that is needed is an interim solution
107
We believe the HK government will repeg the HKD at a stronger exchange rate to the USD while leaving the LERS intact
Contemporaneous with this revaluation, we believe the HKMA may indicate that the HKD will eventually be pegged to the RMB or to an RMB-led basket when the RMB is fully convertible
108
Why Does This Make Sense? The current LERS is simple, transparent, and credible so a continuation of the current system makes sense A revaluation can be achieved quickly Only an interim solution is needed because the RMB will be convertible in coming years No other interim change will be necessary
110
Considerations
The exchange rate should be adjusted sufficiently to quell speculation about further appreciation But not so much that the currency would become overvalued A wider trading band could be introduced to provide greater flexibility in a volatile world
________________________________________________
Source: Half-yearly Hong Kong Economic Report 2011 Hong Kong SAR Government, p. 97. Foreign Currency Position and Asset Quality of Retail Banks Hong Kong Monetary Authority (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/statistics/msb/index.htm).
V. Investment Opportunity
Three Ways to Make Money Buy HKD Outright Buy HKD with USD Leverage Buy HKD Call Options
Buy HKD Outright The HKMAs commitment to support HKD at 7.85 HKD/USD limits the downside to owning HKD to ~1%, making the HKD effectively a one-way bet The HKMAs 7.85 HKD/USD defense is credible: The HKD is materially undervalued HK has substantial international reserves, at ~2.2x the Monetary Base The HKMAs successful defense of the HKD during the Asian Financial Crisis makes its credibility unquestioned
12 Month Financing Cost (Fixed) HIBOR 0.67% LIBOR 0.82% Carry -0.15%
117
Reflects the cost of financing for a bank. Institutional and individual investors will pay a higher rate (~35bps more)
OptionTerms
Notional Strike (HKD/USD rate) Premium (% of notional) Premium Dollars (USD) $ 1,000,000,000 $ 7.80 0.83% 1,000,000,000 $ 7.50 0.57% 1,000,000,000 7.00 0.27%
PayoutsatExercise(Revaluationto6.00,+30%)
USD Received USD Spent (notional) $ 1,300,000,000 1,000,000,000 $ 1,250,000,000 1,000,000,000 $ 1,166,666,667 1,000,000,000
Payoff Payoff/Premium
USD received = value of HKD purchased at strike price converted back at spot (6.00)
________________________________________________
118
% Revaluation
119
The Market is Mispricing this Option Because of the peg, HKD/USD volatility is very low We believe HKD call options should be priced based on expected value rather than volatility
Expected Value = (Probability of Reval) X (Expected Amount of Reval)
We think a revaluation is more likely than not, but the market price implies extremely low probabilities
One Year, 7.50 Strike Expected HKD Stregthening 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Implied Probability of Revaluation 5.3% 3.7% 2.8% 2.3% 1.9% 1.6%
121
Source: Foreign Currency Position and Mortgage Survey Results Hong Kong Monetary Authority (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/statistics/msb/index.htm).
________________________________________________
Source: Previewing the Political Year Ahead: Article 23 Suzanne Pepper (http://chinaelectionsblog.net/hkfocus/?p=168).
The conventional wisdom is that central banks (CBs) can defend the strong side of their currency without limit by simply printing an unlimited amount of money The reality is different: The CB loses money on a revaluation, because a revaluation reduces the value of foreign assets on their balance sheet Printing money expands and leverages the CBs balance sheet, making it more costly to revalue Printing money is highly inflationary Because the Basic Law requires the HKMA to back its Monetary Base 100% with international reserves, printing money could severely limit the HKMAs future revaluation options
Revaluing Now Mitigates Financial Risk to the HKMA The HKMAs 2008/2009 intervention, in response to over HKD $600bn of money flows, greatly increased the size and leverage of its balance sheet
Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention
Leverage: 75%
Leverage: 56%
Source: Monthly Statistical Bulletin Table 8.2 Hong Kong Monetary Authority, July 2011 (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/statistics/msb/index.htm).
127
The principal argument against a revaluation is that it might harm the HKMAs credibility. We believe this is false for two reasons: 1) Reducing inflation and the risk of asset bubbles in HK enhances HKs status as a stable, economically successful, AAA rated region 2) Allowing the HKD to appreciate only increases the credibility of the HKD as a store of value
128
Some observers have suggested a revaluation would be inconsistent with the HKMAs public statements
129
However, an upward revaluation was explicitly contemplated in 1983 when the LERS was introduced: It will be acceptable to indicate eventual possible appreciation in the event of confidence returning to such a degree as to produce unduly rapid monetary expansion, but such an indication must carry complete conviction that the rate would only ever be adjusted in that direction.
- Internal Hong Kong government policy memo, 1983
________________________________________________
130
A peg depends on confidence and credibility. Any hint of devaluation would compromise the integrity of the link: Any statement which can be interpreted as hinting at the possibility of depreciating the announced rate would sabotage the scheme from the onset.
- Hong Kong government policy memo, 1983
________________________________________________
131
As such, anytime observers have questioned the link, the HKMA has issued a prompt statement to quell speculation
"The Hong Kong dollar peg has been working well since its adoption in 1983. It's the foundation for the stability of the currency and financial system in Hong Kong so we have no intention to make any change"
Norman Chan, HKMA Chief August 2011
________________________________________________
132
Sources: Linked Exchange Rate System Hong Kong Monetary Authority, August 2011 (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/insight/20110815e.htm).
In 2002, facing SARS, deflation, and budget deficits the then Financial Secretary strongly defended the peg publically:
We have no plans to change the peg. One of the reasons the peg remains and people are confident about the Hong Kong dollar is that it has not changed in the last 19 years
Antony Leung, Financial Secretary (2001-2003) Nov. 2002
________________________________________________
133
Source: Financial Secretary Transcript - Press Release, November 23, 2002 (http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200211/23/1123063.htm).
The chief executive, Joseph Yam, and I did seriously evaluate the various options including unpegging
Antony Leung, Financial Secretary (2001-2003) Interview Hong Kongs Peg Admission May Hurt its Future Defense Bloomberg, June 2007
________________________________________________
134
Sources: Hong Kong's Peg Admission May Hurt Its Future Defense Bloomberg, June 8, 2007 (http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=akb5SpAzhFKg&refer=asia).
We also know from a document WikiLeaks released August 30th, 2011 that in 2006 a float was seriously considered by members of an important HK government commission:
Numerous commission [HKs Commission on Strategic Development One of the HK governments most prominent] members who, in Fungs words, have the ear of senior officials are arguing that the HKD-USD peg should be floated shortly after the Chinese RMB surpasses the HKD in value.
Internal US Treasury Memo, Hong Kong Dollar Pegs Future Under Consideration by Government Advisory Body April 2006
________________________________________________
135
A prominent member of the HKMA committee responsible for advising on the peg suggests a revaluation could happen when the market least expects:
[T]he HKMA might choose a hot and boring Friday afternoon in mid-summer, when most fund managers and top government officials had gone vacationing, and announce the floating of the Hong Kong dollar.
-Shu-ki Tsang Academic Economist and HKMA Advisory Board Member, Currency Board Sub-Committee
________________________________________________
136
Source: Commitment to Exit Strategies from a CBA Hong Kong Baptist University (http://sktsang.computancy.com/attrachment/Tsang20000506.pdf).
We have every reason to believe HK decision makers will approach the HKD peg question with the same diligence and rationality they have used in the past
137
Unlike some other currency regimes, HKs peg can be modified through a purely administrative process. No legislative action is required
139
In Sum:
+
A highly undervalued option
Q&A
A Homespun Fortune
October 18, 2011
Disclaimer
The analyses and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") contained in this presentation are based on publicly available information. Pershing Square recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the companies discussed in this presentation that could lead these companies to disagree with Pershing Squares conclusions. This presentation and the information contained herein is not investment advice or a recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell any securities. All investments involve risk, including the loss of principal. The analyses provided may include certain statements, estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the companies discussed in this presentation, access to capital markets, market conditions and the values of assets and liabilities. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein and Pershing Square disclaims any liability with respect thereto. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Funds managed by Pershing Square and its affiliates are invested in Fortune Brands Home & Security, Inc. (FBHS) common stock and cash settled derivative financial instruments based on the price of FBHS common stock. Pershing Square manages funds that are in the business of trading buying and selling securities and financial instruments. It is possible that there will be developments in the future that cause Pershing Square to change its position regarding FBHS. Pershing Square may buy, sell, cover or otherwise change the form of its investment in FBHS for any reason. Pershing Square hereby disclaims any duty to provide any updates or changes to the analyses contained here including, without limitation, the manner or type of any Pershing Square investment.
Manufacturer of: Faucets Kitchen and bath cabinets Security and storage products Windows and doors Equity market capitalization of ~$2.0bn Enterprise valuation of ~$2.5bn Spun-off from Fortune Brands on October 4, 2011
Snapshot of FBHS
Plumbing
#1 Faucet brand in North America Stable business driven by replacement demand and low ticket remodeling projects
Investment Highlights
Secular Winner
Industry leader with significant scale and strong market positions Winning new business and growing as financially leveraged competitors remain defensive Strong management team -- highly experienced operators
Platform Business
Highly fragmented industry is ripe for consolidation Opportunities to leverage scale and distribution through acquisitions in adjacent categories (i.e. electronic security, bath accessories)
4
Investment Highlights
Attractive Valuation
Current valuation assumes minimal housing recovery over the next five years Immense upside potential If housing starts improve by 2016, stock is worth ~$18 to $27 today, depending on the strength of recovery Midpoint of valuation analysis is ~$22 per share today, up about 70%(1) Minimal downside If housing starts dont improve, FBHS can still shrink capacity to get to an attractive level of profitability
Plumbing
The Plumbing segment, which contributed 54% of FBHS pre-corporate 2010 EBIT, has performed exceptionally well in the downturn due to both marketplace gains and the small ticket aspect of the category Commentary
Manufactures faucets, accessories, and kitchen sinks under the #1 Moen brand Large installed base helps win replacement sales Faucets are a small ticket remodeling expenditure an affordable way to improve the look of the bathroom/kitchen Generally a stable category where branding and innovation can drive marketplace gains Variable-cost business model
7
Financials
$ in millions
Plumbing
Revenue Growth EBIT Margin % of FBHS Revenues % of FBHS pre-corp EBIT
The segment has significant excess capacity, which is pressuring margins today, but will allow for explosive growth when the housing markets recover
Financials
$ in millions
Financials
Windows & Doors
Revenue Growth EBIT Margin % of FBHS Revenues % of FBHS pre-corp EBIT FY 2008 $668 ($17) (2.6)% 18% (5)% FY 2009 $551 (18)% ($19) (3.4)% 18% (13)% FY 2010 $601 9% $21 3.4 % 19% 8%
Manufactures fiberglass and steel residential and patio door systems and vinyl-framed windows Key brands include Therma-Tru Doors and Simonton Windows Currently lapping difficult comparisons driven by 2010 federal tax credits for energy efficiency
EBIT Margins remain depressed as the segment is significantly leveraged to new home construction
10
Revenue Growth % of Peak EBITDA Margin Growth % of Peak EBIT Margin Growth % of Peak Memo: Housing Starts Growth
1,812
1,342 (26)%
900 (33)%
555 (38)%
586 6%
569 (3)%
11
Strong and stable replacement demand Leveraged to low-ticket remodeling More variable-cost model Represents ~45% of FBHS sales and ~80% of FBHS EBIT today (1) Margins have held up nicely
Leveraged to new home construction and big ticket remodeling More fixed-cost model Represents 55% of FBHS sales and ~20% of FBHS EBIT today (1) Currently at low capacity utilization rates, in anticipation of a recovery
12
2004 Employees Y-o-Y Change Change Since Peak Manufacturing Plants Y-o-Y Change Change Since Peak 48 21,171
2005 21,480 1%
2006 27,729 29 %
53 10 %
64 21 %
56 (13)% (13)%
13
14
Capacity reduction
8% 12 % 11 % (1.4)% 10 %
15
FBHS:
$520mm of total debt LTM EBITDA - Capex: $194mm No liquidity concerns
(1) Peer average based on Moodys. Peers include Armstrong, Lennox, Masco, Mohawk, Owens Corning, Stanley Black & Decker and Whirlpool. FBHS leverage based on 12/31/2010 pro forma metrics.
17
Positive population / immigration growth Increased levels of household formation Favorable housing affordability
Aging housing stock (average of 40 years), particularly homes > 12 years Existing home sales
Economic factors that enable a recovery: Consumer confidence Unemploymentat the local market level Credit availability Stability in home prices
Note: This page is taken from FBHS investor presentation dated September 6, 2011
19
Average ~1.5mm
Source: Bloomberg
20
Peak: ~2.3mm
Average ~1.5mm
Current: ~0.6mm
Trough: <0.5mm
Source: Bloomberg
21
Housing Demand Housing Starts Annual Reduction of Excess Supply Current Excess Supply Years to Zero Excess Supply
22
Depressed Normalized 1,000 1,500 600 600 400 900 2,250 5.6 2,250 2.5
Longer term, Repair / Remodel growth rates tend to trend in line with GDP
23
We think a meaningful recovery in housing starts could happen in the next several years
However, new homes will likely be smaller and more affordable (cheaper products) than in recent years FBHSs market position may improve, given the Companys skew to more value-priced products
24
The only way a correction takes place is to have household formation exceed new construction by a significant amount for a significant period of time. We've had it for quite a while. And when you see these figures of 500,000 or 600,000, that means we're sopping up housing inventory. And I don't know exactly when that hits equilibrium, but it isn't five years from now. I know that. And I think it actually could be reasonably soon.
25
Valuation
EBITDA: ~$265MM
Note: Partial Recovery assumes 2-3% Repair & Remodel CAGR and Full Recovery assumes 4-6% CAGR
We estimate that FBHS can generate at least $400MM in EBITDA on todays sales base by cutting capacity and excess cost
28
Housing Starts (000s) EBITDA EBITDA - Capex EPS FCF per Share
29
1.3M $700 55 % 36 % 27 % 22 %
1.5M $850 72 % 46 % 34 % 28 %
Note: Assumes 7x EBITDA exit multiple and includes the value of annual free cash flow generated until exit. Based on R&M CAGR of 2-3%, 3-4%,and 4-6% for housing starts of 1.0m,1.3m, and 1.5m
30
~$18 per share ~40% upside ~$14 per share ~8% upside No Recovery
(capacity reduction)
Housing Starts Year EBITDA ($MM) EBITDA Multiple 0.6M 2014 $400 7x
~110% upside
Partial Recovery
1.0M 2016 $550 7x
Note: Assumes 157MM shares, $520MM of net debt, and uses a 10% discount rate to discount the future stock price to today. Includes the value of annual free cash flow generated until exit. 31
Conclusion
Pace and strength of a housing recovery is difficult to predict However, at some point, the housing markets will recover Investing in FBHS is a low-risk way to profit from an eventual housing market recovery Pure-play residential building products company Best operators in the business Improving marketplace position, even in tough housing markets Many of its competitors are on the defensive No liquidity concerns and currently generating a healthy FCF yield of 6% Downside is limited, given clean balance sheet and Companys ability to reduce capacity, if necessary Upside potential is enormous, as cyclical growth will not require capital investment above normal levels
32
Disclaimer
The analyses and conclusions of Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P. ("Pershing Square") contained in this presentation are based on publicly available information. Pershing Square recognizes that there may be confidential information in the possession of the companies discussed in this presentation that could lead these companies to disagree with Pershing Squares conclusions. This presentation and the information contained herein is not investment advice or a recommendation or solicitation to buy or sell any securities. All investments involve risk, including the loss of principal. The analyses provided may include certain statements, estimates and projections prepared with respect to, among other things, the historical and anticipated operating performance of the companies discussed in this presentation, access to capital markets, market conditions and the values of assets and liabilities. Such statements, estimates, and projections reflect various assumptions by Pershing Square concerning anticipated results that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, and other uncertainties and contingencies and have been included solely for illustrative purposes. No representations, express or implied, are made as to the accuracy or completeness of such statements, estimates or projections or with respect to any other materials herein and Pershing Square disclaims any liability with respect thereto. Actual results may vary materially from the estimates and projected results contained herein. Funds managed by Pershing Square and its affiliates are invested in Lowes Companies, Inc. (LOW) common stock. Pershing Square manages funds that are in the business of trading buying and selling securities and financial instruments. It is possible that there will be developments in the future that cause Pershing Square to change its position regarding LOW. Pershing Square may buy, sell, cover or otherwise change the form of its investment in LOW for any reason. Pershing Square hereby disclaims any duty to provide any updates or changes to the analyses contained here including, without limitation, the manner or type of any Pershing Square investment.
Lowes (LOW)
Lowes (or the Company) is a leading North American home improvement retailer Operates ~1,750 stores consisting of approximately 200mm ft of selling space 99% of stores located in the US
Ticker: LOW
Div. Yield: ~2%
Equity market capitalization of ~$29bn Enterprise valuation of ~$34bn Current free cash flow yield of ~8%
Investment Highlights
Attractive retail category
Limited internet risk relative to other retailers High gross margin retail category and diversified commodity risk Limited fashion risk Service component = consumer value proposition
Cheap Valuation
Lowes trades at 6.5x depressed EBITDA and less than 13.5x depressed EPS Lowes EBIT margin currently 7.5% only 70bps higher than its trough in 2009 at 6.8% Company believes normalized EBIT margins are 10% Company has maintained staffing to provide high service levels and be positioned for a recovery
4
Business Overview
Revenue Mix
2010
Discretionary
30% 70%
2005
50%
50%
Discretionary
Sales today are significantly more Repair & Maintenance items than Discretionary items
7
One-Stop Shopping
Home improvement purchases are typically project-oriented (e.g., bathroom remodel) Consumers buy across categories (paint, plumbing, flooring, etc.) making one-stop shopping ideal Home centers big-box layout allows for ~40,000+ SKUs Product selection cant be matched by general merchandise retailers
Instant Satisfaction
Customers can purchase products and take them home from the store immediately
Convenience
Lowes has ~1,750 stores across 50 U.S. states
8
We believe that the home centers face limited risk from online shopping because the majority of products they sell do not meet most of these conditions
9
Est. % of Rev.
13 % 1% 1% 2% 3% 2% 2% 9% 4% 2% 2% 3% 3% 6% 1% 11 % 20 % 8% 2% 5%
Product Example
Grills, mowers, garden chemicals
Reason
Switches, dimmers
Plumbing
Pipes/Fitting Faucets Large Fixtures Contractor purchase, project-based High ticket, ships well Paint not ship well, project-based Shipping issues Shipping issues Higher ticket, ships well Higher ticket, ships well, not project-based Low-ticket, project-based Low-ticket, project-based High ticket, ships well Shipping issues Contractor purchase, project based, shipping issues Service component High ticket, no service component, ships well Installation, shipping issues Tubs, sinks
Closets storage Curtain rods Electric drills, screwdrivers Manual hammer, screwdriver Nails, bolts, nuts Front door knobs, deadbolts
Hardware
Power Tools Handtools Hardware Accessories Door Lock Sets
Lumber, insulation, roofing, concrete Limited Washer/Dryer, A/C, stove, refrig. Small appliances Cabinets Limited-Moderate High Limited
82 % 8% 10 %
10
Note: Limited-Moderate category counts 50% towards limited, 50% towards moderate
EBIT Margin
10.8 %
11.0 %
9.7 %
7.9 %
6.8 %
7.4 %
7.5 %
$328 5% 100 %
$316 (4)% 96 %
$292 (8)% 89 %
$267 (8)% 82 %
$249 (7)% 76 %
$250 1% 76 %
$246 (1)% 75 %
SSS Growth
6.1 %
0.0 %
(5.1)%
(7.2)%
(6.7)%
1.3 %
(0.1)%
Units Growth
1,234 14 %
1,385 12 %
1,534 11 %
11
1,638 7%
1,710 4%
1,749 2%
1,753 0%
Note: Home Depot same-store sales growth figures are for the entire company only, as Home Depot did not consistently disclose U.S.-only same-store sales growth figures during the period from 2000 to 2008.
12
2.0 % (2.6)% (0.4)% (0.5)% (0.9)% 0.6 % (1.3)% (3.7)% (2.6)% (3.8)%
Potential Causes of Recent Underperformance: Strength of HDs current operational execution Strong regional-level merchandising Post Bob Nardelli, invigorated management team under CEO Frank Blake Lowes product mix is more discretionary than Home Depots Home Depot currently doing well with the basic repair customer versus Lowes more fashion-oriented customer
13
Despite the valuation discount relative to HD, we believe Lowes long history of same-store sales outperformance suggests that recent underperformance is more likely temporary rather than structural
Memo: Capitalization Stock Price Diluted Shares Market Cap Plus: Debt Less: Cash & Investments (1) Enterprise Value Dividend Yield Lowe's $21.50 1,328 $28,552 6,620 (1,423) $33,749 2.0 % Home Depot $37.00 1,577 $58,349 10,775 (2,551) $66,573 2.7 %
(1) For Lowes, Cash & Investments are net of restricted cash balances.
14
Recent Price $21.50 2015 EPS $3.40 Price / 2015 EPS 6.3 x
Note: This page is taken from Lowes investor presentation dated November 30, 2010. Red highlights added for emphasis.
15
16
Valuation
Valuation Assumptions
Our estimates are more conservative than managements 2015 targets
Management Targets 2012E to 2015E CAGR: Home Improvement Market Impact of Share Gains Same-Store Sales 2015 EBIT Margin 2015 EPS % Increase from LTM EPS
Drivers of share gains: Growth from internet site Gains from Mom & Pop dealers Gains from Sears Losses from cannibalization
Pershing Square Estimates Mid High 1.5 % 1.0 % 2.5 % 8.3 % $2.60 ~60% 3.0 % 1.0 % 4.0 % 9.3 % $3.20 ~100%
~ 3.0 % ~ 1.0 %
4.0 % 10.0 % $3.40 ~110%
Pershing Square Mid and High cases reflect our view of the most likely outcomes
Note: Management targets based on November 2010 analyst day and annualized same-store sales growth reflected management estimates for 2011E to 2015E.
18
Sales/ft
Sales/ft is still 25% below 2005 peak levels six years later. We believe sales/ft2 could increase materially by 2015 and still be meaningfully below inflation-adjusted peak levels reached in 2005
Sales/ft2:
LTM
Low
2015E Mid
High
2005 Peak
~$290
$328
2012E to 2015E Same-Store Sales CAGR % of 2005 Peak % of 2005 Inflation-Adjusted Peak
EBIT Margins
In our Mid and High cases, we believe EBIT margins could be ~8.3% to 9.3%. In our Low case, if same-store sales remain flat, we believe Lowes can maintain current EBIT margins through cost reductions
Low 0.0% 0bps 7.3 % 0.0 % 7.3 % Mid 2.5% 25bps 7.3 % 1.0 % 8.3 % High 4.0% 50bps 7.3 % 2.0 % 9.3 %
2012E to 2015E Same Store Sales CAGR Est. Annual EBIT Margin Improvement 2011E EBIT Margin Plus: Total Est. EBIT Margin Improvement 2015E EBIT Margin
Note: Current gross margins are partially elevated by a favorable mix of higher-margin, lower-ticket items. As sales recover, we expect a slight gross margin headwind, offset by positive operating leverage. Management estimates each 1% of same store sales growth above 1% will result in 20bps of operating expense leverage.
20
Valuing Lowes
We believe 2015 EPS will likely be between $2.60 to $3.20. At a 13x P/E, the total value per share at year end 2014 is $36 to $43. If same-store sales remain flat for the next several years, year end 2014 total value per share is $28, driven largely by share repurchases
High
~4% 9.3% $3.20 13x
Note: Based on ~1% annual net unit growth. Includes ~$1.80 of dividends received between 2012 and 2014.
21
Conclusion
We think Lowes is a good business in an attractive retail category
However, sentiment is poor because of the Companys more recent underperformance relative to Home Depot We think this underperformance is more temporary than structural
The current stock price is not factoring in a sales recovery, but we believe one is likely in the next several years Even if no sales recovery occurs, we believe downside is limited
Minimal financial leverage, limited lease leverage, cheap stock