ASAD ULLAH BABER--------------------08arid-256 5TH SEMSETER-------------------------FV&AS UAAR

Current situation of dairy industry and future concern

Pakistan is an agricultural country. Agriculture and animals both are necessary for each other. There are many farm of animals in Pakistan. Pakistan is stand for fourth position in world ranking of high milk producing country. But there is a big problem, still existing that is the maximum amounts of milk remain at the small farmer level. It is due to lack of knowledge about the storage of milk. Buffaloes are fulfilling 65% of milk requirement in Pakistan. There are also agriculture farms with dairy farm for feeding of animals. Mostly grazing is done on government farms. Some farms are involve in stall feeding. Ration inbalancing is also a major problem. Feed is deficient in dry matter, energy and protein against the animal requirement. Mostly at government farm level there is scarcity of green fodder in extreme hot season from june to july and also in winter season from December to January. In this duration wheat straw feeding is common practice. There are about 30.8 million buffaloes and 34.4 million cattle in Pakistan.

Present Breeds
Pakistan have following dairy breeds of cattle and buffaloes
Nili ravi , kundhi , azakheli, are main breeds of

buffaloes .

 Sahiwal , red sindhi , are breeds of cattle are persist

in Pakistan .

Some dairy production system are also exist in the country. These are of different nature. Like smallholders have mostly three milking animals. It fulfill its family requirement. Some areas located near the market. These farmers keep six animals and they have excess milk than their requirement . some people make farm having more than forty animals. This is also a situation that farmers keep the big cities. When animal is near to calving they sale them.Some farmer make the product from milk like ghee, khoya, chease etc and sale them. There are different efforts also existing in the country to enhance the turnout of farmers towards high production of milk e.g; "Pakistan dairy development company " & " livestock and dairy development board" Private organization like Haleeb, Nestle, Nurpur, etc also play an important role in the dairy industry. They have their milk collection center in different region and milk processing plant to make the product according to market demand .

Government stratigies
Government make some stratigies to improve the dairy industry and production like "Doodh darya" & "Prime minister special initiative for live stock" Different loan packages are introduced to facilitate the small farmers.

Genetic potential
Fortunately Pakistan has good milch breeds . like nili ravi, kundhi, aghakheli, sahiwal, red sindhi, etc. Exotic breeds are also imported, so we crossbred the animal there is slight increase in genetic potential but its drawback seems in losing of pure breed.

To conserve the pure breed of these breeds government play important role. In Punjab policy there is emphasize to conserve the breed. An institute RCCSC has been established in jhang to conserve Sahiwal breed. BRI has been established in pattoki ( kasur) to research on buffaloes to enhance and conserve the genetic potential of Pakistan buffaloes breeds. But same problem are existing in this department also that rule and policies are easy to make but implication is not proper.

Corruption
Like other department, livestock is also a victim of corruption so the main reason of destruction of livestock is this. We dont use government funds honestly so the results are in low production.

Future of dairy industry in Pakistan

Presently working organization like PDDC, and other different project like "doodh darya" and "prime minister special initiative for livestock" if work honestly then there will be great increase in milk production. Institute like RCCSC and BRI are also working to conserve and enhance the genetic potential of present breeds. Some suggestion are given by nutritionist to store and decrease the fodder scarcity, so ultimately increase in production especially in summer season when production remain low due to heat stress and fodder scarcity. If milk collection centers are spread in remote areas where main problem is transportation then wastage of milk will be low.

In order to enhance the efficacy of dairy industry we should privatized this industry.