CONTENTS

1 2 3 Chapte#1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.6.5 1.6.6 1.6.7 1.6.8 Chapter#2 Chapter#3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.4.6 3.4.7 3.4.8 3.4.9 3.4.10 3.4.11 3.3.12 3.4 3.5 3.5.1 List of figures Acknowledgment Summary INTRODUCTION Bambusa Bambusa arundinacea Antioxidants Types of antioxidants Synthetic Antioxidants Natural Antioxidants Classification of Antioxidants Preventive Antioxidants Chain breaking Antioxidants Important naturally occurring compounds Alkaloids Tannins Saponins Steroids Terpeniods Cardic glycosides Flavonoids Vitamin E Review of Literature Material and method Chemicals Reagents Reagent preparation Sodium carbonate(20%) Sodium phosphate buffer Sodium Carbonate Aluminium chloride10%) Sodium Nitrate solution 1-1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl 0.1% Ferric Chloride Solution 0.2 M Potassium Phosphate Buffer Solution Follin-ciocalteu Reagent Methanol 8O% 11 Ethanol 80% Standardization of 0.1N NaOH Instrumentation Work plan Collection of Bambusa Sample 1-21 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 16 23 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26

3.5.2 3.5.3 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.6.5 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.7.5 3.7.6 3.7.7 3.8 3.9 3.9.1 3.10 3.10.1 3.10.2 3.10.3 3.10.4 3.10.5 3.10.6 3.10.7 3.11 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.11.3 3.11.4 3.11.5 3.11.6 Chapter#4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3

Grinding of Bambusa aurdinacea Sample Preparation of Extracts Evaluation of Antioxident Activity of Plant Extracts Determination of Total Flavonoids Contents Determination of Total Phenolic Contents DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity Antioxidant Activity in Linoleic Acid System Determination of reducing power Determination of Antioxodant activity by using corn oil as an oxidative substrate Stabilization of oil Storage of sample Measurement of lipid peroxidation Measurement of peroxide value Deterrmination of Free Fatty Acid Conten Deterrmination of para-anisidine Value Deterrmination of conjugated diene triene product Statistical Analysis Evaluation of Phytochemical Activity of Bambusa Aurdinacea Extracts Preparation of Reagents Phytochemical Screening Test for Tannins Test for Phlobatanins Test for Saponins Test for Favonoids Test for Steroids Test for Terpenoids (Salkowski test) Test for Cardiac Glycosides (Keller-Killani Test) Quantitative Determination of the Chemical Constituency Preparation of Fat Free Sample Determination of Total Phenols by Specterophotometric method Alkaloid Determination by using Harborne(1973) Method Tannins Determination by Van-Burden and Robinson(1981) Method Saponins Determination Flavonoid Determination by the Method of Bohm and Kocipai-Abyazan(1994) Results and Discussion Antioxidant analysis Total Phenolic Contents Total Flavonoid Contents DPPH Radical Scavenging Acvtivity

26 26 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 34

36 36 36 38 40

4.1.4 4.1.5 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2. 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.1

Percent Inhibition of peroxidation in Linoleic acid system Detemination of reducing power Determination of antioxiodant avtivity using corn oil as an oxidative substrate Deterrmination of peroxide value Deterrmination of Free Fatty Acid Content Deterrmination of para-anisidine Value Conjugated diene triene product PhytochemicalAnalysis Results for qualitative phytochemical analysis Results for quantitative phytochemical analysis References Appendix

42 44 47 47 47 47 47 53 54 55 57-62 63