BJT CE AMPLIFIER

AIM: i) To design transistor CE amplifier for a given voltage gain. ii) To plot the frequency response. iii) To study the negative feedback effect on amplifier frequency response. APPARATUS: RSPS(0-30V) - 1No. CRO - 1No. BJT (BC107) - 1No. Resistors and Capacitors CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: CE AMPLIFIER

Fig.1 CE Amplifier

CE AMPLIFIER WITH CURRENT-SERIES FEED BACK

Fig.2 CE Amplifier with Current-Series Feedback CE AMPLIFIER WITH VOLTAGE-SHUNT FEED BACK

Fig.3 CE Amplifier with Voltage-Shunt Feedback

Designing of CE Amplifier: Biasing Let us design a CE amplifier with AV= 150, IC=2mA, Ic(min)=1.75mA; IC(max)=2.25mA.

Av

h fe

RC RL hie

For BC107B hfe(min)=180; hfe(max)=460

hie

VT h fe . I EQ

At room temperature VT=26mV and generally we select RL

such that RL RC i.e. RL=10RC. Using this data we can calculate RC then RL. Select VCE = 0.5VCC Now calculate

RE

VCC VCE IC I c (min)

min

RC

To Solve for stability factor S

S 11
=
max

Ic

I c (max)
max

I c (min) S 2
min

(1

max

, where S2 is the value of S when

1
Now calculate RB using

S2

(1

max

) 1

RB RE
max

RB RE

, where

RB
min

R1 R2
) I Cmin ,

V From the input loop equation R2

calculate

VBE

RB

RE (1
min

VR2
Vcc & R2 VR2 R1VR2 VCC VR2

R1

RB

Design of Capacitors: If the lower cut-off frequency is fL and the upper cut-off frequency is fH, then the value of the emitter bypass capacitor C2 can be calculated from

X C2

1 2 f L C2

hie 1 h fe

The coupling capacitor C1 can be calculated from

X C1

1 2 f LC1

Zi where Z i 10

R1 R2 hie

The value of the coupling capacitor C3 can be calculated from

X C3

1 2 f LC3

RL 10

PROCEDURE: CE Amplifier 1. Wire the circuit as shown in Fig.1 2. Adjust the input voltage to 10mv peak to peak and the frequency to 100 Hz. 3. Measure the peak to peak output voltage. 4. Vary the input frequency in steps 100Hz,200Hz, ..1kHz,2KHz, .10KHz,20KHz, 100KHz,200KHz, ,1MHz and take the corresponding output voltages and tabulate them in the below tabular form. 5. Plot the graph and calculate the bandwidth. Input voltage Vi =10mV PP S.No Frequency Output (Hz) Voltage (Vo) volts

Voltage gain= Vo/Vi

Gain in dB= 20log10(Vo/Vi)

CE Amplifier with Current-Series Feedback 1. Wire the circuit as shown in Fig.2 2. Adjust the input voltage to 10mv peak to peak and the frequency to 100 Hz. 3. Measure the peak to peak output voltage. 4. Vary the input frequency in steps 100Hz,200Hz, ..1kHz,2KHz, .10KHz,20KHz, 100KHz,200KHz, ,1MHz and take the corresponding output voltages and tabulate them in the below tabular form. 5. Plot the graph and calculate the bandwidth.

Input voltage Vi =10mV PP S.No Frequency Output (Hz) Voltage (Vo) volts

Voltage gain= Vo/Vi

Gain in dB= 20log10(Vo/Vi)

CE Amplifier with Voltage-Shunt Feedback 1. Wire the circuit as shown in Fig.3 2. Adjust the input voltage to 10mv peak to peak and the frequency to 100 Hz. 3. Measure the peak to peak output voltage. 4. Vary the input frequency in steps 100Hz,200Hz, ..1kHz,2KHz, .10KHz,20KHz, 100KHz,200KHz, ,1MHz and take the corresponding output voltages and tabulate them in the below tabular form. 5. Plot the graph and calculate the bandwidth. Input voltage Vi =10mV PP S.No Frequency Output (Hz) Voltage (Vo) volts

Voltage gain= Vo/Vi

Gain in dB= 20log10(Vo/Vi)

Measurement of Input resistance & Output resistance 1. Connect a Resistor RA=10K as shown in the below figure. Now set input signal of 10mv PP and 1KHz. 2. Now measure the output voltage across RL which is Vo1. 3. Now remove RL and measure the output voltage across RL which is Vo2. 4. Calculate the input resistance using the expression

Ri

Vo1 RA Vo 2 Vo1

5. Now measure the load voltage across RL which is VFL and open the load resistor and measure voltage at the output which is VNL.

Ro

RL

VNL 1 VFL

6. Repeat the above four steps for measuring input & output resistances for Current-Series and Voltage-Shunt Feedback amplifiers.