Problem 1

Assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm wide. The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and (b) the largest average tensile stress in the plates.

Solution: Part (a): From shearing of rivet:

From bearing of plate material:

answer Part (b): Largest average tensile stress in the plate:

answer

Problem 2
Given: Diameter of each rivet = 3/4 inch Maximum allowable shear stress of rivet = 14 ksi Maximum allowable bearing stress of plate = 18 ksi The figure below:

Required: The maximum safe value of P that can be applied Solution: Based on shearing of rivets:

Based on bearing of plates:

Safe load

answer

Problem 3
Given: Load P = 14 kips Maximum shearing stress = 12 ksi Maximum bearing stress = 20 ksi The figure below:

Required: Minimum bolt diameter and minimum thickness of each yoke Solution:

For shearing of rivets (double shear)

diameter of bolt answer For bearing of yoke:

thickness of yoke answer

Problem 4
Given: Shape of beam = W18 86 Shape of girder = W24 117 Shape of angles = 4 3- 3/8 Diameter of rivets = 7/8 inch Allowable shear stress = 15 ksi Allowable bearing stress = 32 ksi Required: Allowable load on the connection

Solution: Relevant data from the table (Appendix B of textbook): Properties of Wide-Flange Sections (W shapes): U.S. Customary Units Designation Web thickness W18 86 0.480 in W24 117 0.550 in Shearing strength of rivets: There are 8 single-shear rivets in the girder and 4 double-shear (equivalent to 8 single-shear) in the beam, thus, the shear strength of rivets in girder and beam are equal.

Bearing strength on the girder: The thickness of girder W24 117 is 0.550 inch while that of the angle clip 0.375 inch, thus, the critical in bearing is the clip. is or

Bearing strength on the beam: The thickness of beam W18 86 is 0.480 inch while that of the clip angle is 2 0.375 = 0.75 inch (clip angles are on both sides of the beam), thus, the critical in bearing is the beam.

The allowable load on the connection is Problem 5 Given: Diameter of bolt = 7/8 inch Diameter at the root of the thread (bolt) = 0.731 inch Inside diameter of washer = 9/8 inch Tensile stress in the nut = 18 ksi Bearing stress = 800 psi Required: Shearing stress in the head of the bolt Shearing stress in threads of the bolt Outside diameter of the washer Solution:

answer

Tensile force on the bolt:

Shearing stress in the head of the bolt:

answer Shearing stress in the threads:

answer Outside diameter of washer:

answer

Problem 6
Given: Allowable shear stress = 70 MPa Allowable bearing stress = 140 MPa Diameter of rivets = 19 mm

The truss below:

Required: Number of rivets to fasten member BC to the gusset plate Number of rivets to fasten member BE to the gusset plate Largest average tensile or compressive stress in members BC and BE Solution: At Joint C:

(Tension) Consider the section through member BD, BE, and CE:

(Compression) For Member BC: Based on shearing of rivets: Where A = area of 1 rivet number of rivets, n

say 5 rivets

Based on bearing of member:

Where Ab = diameter of rivet thickness of BC number of rivets, n

say 7 rivets use 7 rivets for member BC answer For member BE: Based on shearing of rivets: Where A = area of 1 rivet number of rivets, n

say 5 rivets Based on bearing of member:

Where Ab = diameter of rivet thickness of BE number of rivets, n

say 3 rivets use 5 rivets for member BE answer Relevant data from the table (Appendix B of textbook): Properties of Equal Angle Sections: SI Units Designation Area L75 75 6 864 mm2 L75 75 13 1780 mm2

Tensile stress of member BC (L75 75 6):

answer

Compressive stress of member BE (L75 75 13):

answer

Different Kinds of Centrifugal fans and their Advantages: Radial Blade (RB) Lower volume Higher pressure

Static Efficiency to 70% Good material handling capabilities Lower operating RPMs (per sp) Overloading type horsepower curve Higher noise Higher Volume lower pressure Static Efficiency to 80% More durable than airfoil Use with light material when frequent cleaning is acceptable Non-overloading horsepower curve Lower noise Higher volume lower pressure Static Efficiency to 84% Clean air only Non-overloading horsepower curve Lowest noise Higher volume lower pressure Static Efficiency to 84% Clean air only Non-overloading horsepower curve Lowest noise Medium volume higher pressure Static Efficiency to 78% Moderate material handling capabilities Lower operating RPMs Overloading type horsepower curve Higher noise

Backward Inclined (BI)

Backward Curved (BC)

Airfoil (AF)

Radial Tip (RT)

Forward Curve (FC) Highest volume lower pressure Static efficiency to 65%

Clean air only Overloading type horsepower curve Low noise

Theory of Centrifugal fans

Industrial fans and blowers are designed to move air and/or powders in industrial and commercial settings. HVAC fans and blowers are used to move air through heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Pressure blowers and fans are used to create and sustain a positive pressure for inflatable structures, clean rooms, laboratories, and medical facilities. Material handling and pneumatic conveying blowers move air through an enclosed system to transport materials. Centrifugal pumps consist of a set of rotating vanes, enclosed within a housing or casing, that are used to impart energy to a fluid through centrifugal force. Electronic cooling fans move air to cool electronic devices. Fan repair services and blower repair services maintain, refurbish and repair fans and blowers.

Theory of Blowers

Material handling and pneumatic conveying blowers move air through an enclosed system to transport materials. Industrial fans and blowers are designed to move air and/or powders in industrial and commercial settings. HVAC fans and blowers are used to move air through heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Pressure blowers and fans are used to create and sustain a positive pressure for inflatable structures, clean rooms, laboratories, and medical facilities. Fan repair services and blower repair services maintain, refurbish and repair fans and blowers. Regenerative blowers are low pressure, high volume blowers that generate centrifugal airflow. Pneumatic Fittings are specifically designed for use in compressed air lines.

Reference: http://www.illinoisblower.com/node/38 http://productsearch.machinedesign.com/mdproducts/centrifugal_fan_theory http://productsearch.machinedesign.com/mdproducts/pneumatic_conveying_blower_theory