Enrichment

CHAPTER 17 : LINES AND PLANES IN 3 DIMENSIONS

Definitions 11.1 The angle between a line and a plane is the angle between the line and its orthogonal projection on the plane.

V
Line : KV Plane : PQRS Normal to the plane : VL Orthogonal projection of the line onto the plane : KL Angle between KV and the plane PQRS is VKL

S
o

R L

K P Q

11.2 The angle between 2 intersecting planes is the angle between 2 lines; one on each plane, which are drawn respectively from a common point on the line of intersection between the 2 planes and perpendicular to it.

LM and MN are perpendicular to DC.

C
The angle between the plane ABCD and the plane CDEF is KML ( or ADE or BCF )

Skills assessed y To identify the angle between a line and a given plane. y To identify the angle between 2 given planes.

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17.2.1 a) Name the angle between the two planes. Example 1: Plane EFGH and plane GHDA A B F G D C E M 1. a) Plane KLSP and plane JKLM S P L S H J K P Q R V U R b) Plane PSWV and plane VUXW W

Angle : DHE and AGF Example 2 : Plane PQLK and plane SRLK K L 2. a) Plane ABCD and plane ADEF b) Plane URST and plane XRSY X Y

F
S P Q R

C
U

T S

Angle : QLR and PKS

Example 3 : Plane TRQ and plane SRQP P Q

3. a) Plane ABCD and plane ABV V

b) Plane PQSR and plane PQK K L

D S T Angle : TRS R A B

S P Q

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c) Plane JKLM and plane PKL S P M L R

d) Plane MHEL and plane NHE K N F G L M E

e) Plane ABCD and plane BCE

Example 4: Plane DEV and DEFG V

4a) Plane GCB and plane ABCD G

b) Plane KLMN and plane KPN

K
F A D O B C

yE
T

G O D

yL
L

yM E

yF

Angle : VMO

c) Plane ABE and plane ABCD E

d) Plane RUQ and plane SRUT P

e) Plane SURP and plane PTR R

P
Q

yV
Q

yK

C
S

yM T yN
U

yW

yL

B
R

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Exercise 1 : Name the angle between the two planes a) Plane SRQP and plane QUTR R S T Q P M U K P L Q b) Plane JQRM and plane JKLM S R

c) Plane RSYX and plane URST X Y

d) Plane BCF and plane ABCD

T S

e) Plane GMLF and plane GHEF K L

f) Plane PQA and plane PQRS W

yA
N F G M E S H P V U X

y yC

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Exercise 2 : Name the angle between the two planes a) The diagram shows a pyramid with a horizontal base DEFG. Name the angle between the plane VDE and the plane of DEFG. b) The diagram shows a cuboid with a horizontal base JKLM .Name the angle between the plane SRKJ and the plane of SRLM. S R

P M L

c) The diagram shows a prism. Name the angle between the plane RSY and the plane of RSTU. X Y

d) The diagram shows a prism. Name the angle between the plane ABE and the plane of ABCD.

F
U T S

yP

yQ

e) The diagram shows a cuboid. Name the angle between the plane HEK and the plane of GHEF K N F G L M E

f) The diagram shows a prism. Name the angle between the plane UVWX and the plane of PSWV.

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Questions Based On Examination Format 1. Diagram 1 shows a pyramid with a 2. Diagram 2 shows a cuboid. rectangular base PQRS. V is vertically above P. V S P S P R Q K N R Q M

DIAGRAM 1
Name the angle between the line VR and the plane PQRS A. PRV C. VQP B. VRS D. VQS

DIAGRAM 2
Name the angle between the line PM and the plane SRMN. A. PMK C. PMR B. PMQ D. PMS

3. In the diagram 3, X and Y are the midpoints of PW and SV respectively. U V

4. Diagram 4 shows a right prism. H

yY
R T S W

yX
F Q P G

DIAGRAM 4

DIAGRAM 3
The angle between line RX and the plane RSVU is A. RXY C. XRY B. XYR D. XQR Name the angle between line EK and plane EFJH. A. EKJ C. HEK B. EKF D. JEK

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5. Diagram 5 shows a pyramid .PQRS is a rectangle. P Q

6. Diagram 6 shows a cuboid. S P

R Q

S T

W T

DIAGRAM 5 DIAGRAM 6
Name the angle between the line TQ and the plane PQRS A. QPT C. RST B. QST D. SQT The angle between the line SU and plane PSWT is A. USP C. UST B. USQ D. USW

7. Diagram 7 shows a cuboid. U V

8. Diagram 8 shows a right prism. H

DIAGRAM 7
The angle between plane QPV and the plane QPWT is A. VQW C. VPW B. UQT A. EGF D. QPV C. HGJ

DIAGRAM 8

Name the angle between the plane EGKH and the plane FGKJ. B. EKF D. GKE

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9. Diagram 9 shows a right prism . S P R A B D

10. Diagram 10 shows a right pyramid MABCD with its square base ABCD . M

C DIAGRAM 9 A

O
B DIAGRAM 10

Name the angle between the plane ACS and the plane SADR. A. CAS C. ACD B. SCD D. CAD

The angle between the line MC and plane ABCD is A. MCD C. AMC B. MCA D. AMD

11. The diagram 11 shows a right prism on a horizontal plane. Given that STU is an equilateral triangle and PV = VR = SW = WU . R P

12. Diagram 12 shows a prism. A and B are the mid-points of JK and ML, respectively. JXK and MYL are isosceles triangle. Y

yV
Q

yW

X M

yB

T DIAGRAM 11 The angle between the plane PRT and the plane PRUS is A. PQS C. TQW B. RQU D. TVW J

yA

DIAGRAM 12 Name the angle between line AY and the plane JKLM. A. YBA C. YAB B. AYB D. ABY

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13. Diagram 13 shows a right prism . F D C A

14. Diagram 14 shows a pyramid. G H

yM
B DIAGRAM 13

L DIAGRAM 14 The angle between the plane GHJK and plane HJL is A. GHL C. KJL B. JHL D. KLJ

Name the angle between line DM and the plane ACFD. A. CDM C. CMD B. DCM D. DCB

15. The diagram 15 shows a right prism on a horizontal plane SRUT. Equilateral triangle RUQ and STP are the uniform cross-section of the prism. M and N are the mid-points of ST and RU, respectively. P

16. Diagram 16 shows a cuboid with base PQRS . . T U W V S P R Q

Q S

yM

yX

R DIAGRAM 15

yN

U DIAGRAM 16

The angle between the plane PRN and the plane RSTU is A. PRS C. PNM B. MRP D. NPM

Name the angle between the plane WXR and the plane QRWV. A. QRX C. RWX B. RXQ D. SXU

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17. Diagram 17 shows a cuboid with rectangular base EFGH . Q R P S E F G

18. Diagram 18 shows a cuboid on a horizontal plane EFGH. J is a mid-point of GH.

C D

F E J H
DIAGRAM 18

H DIAGRAM 17 Name the angle between the plane PSG and the plane PSHE. A. SGH C. GSH B. PGE A. AJE D. GPE C. GBC 19. Diagram 19 shows a prism on a horizontal plane QRP and vertical rectangular QRST . S T R Q P DIAGRAM 19 Name the angle between the plane PRS and the plane QRST is A. PSQ C. PRT B. PST D. PRQ J DIAGRAM 20 Name the angle between line NK and base JKLM. A. NKM C. NMJ B. NMK D. NKJ K M L D. GAC 20. Diagram 20 shows a prism with rectangular base JKLM . LM is normal to base JKLM . N B. AGE

The angle between the plane ABGJ and the plane ABCD is

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PAST YEAR SPM QUESTIONS Nov 2003, Q13 1. Diagram 6 shows a right prism with an isosceles triangle PQR as its horizontal base. M and N are the mid-point of SU and RQ, respectively.

yM

T R

yN

P DIAGRAM 6
Name the angle between the plane PQR and the plane PUS. A. UPT C. QPN B. NPT D. MPN

July 2004, Q16 2. Diagram 9 shows a cuboid with PQRS as its horizontal base. T U S P W V R

DIAGRAM 9
Name the angle between the plane TQR and the plane TUVW. A. TRW C. WTR B. TQV D. VTQ

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Nov 2004, Q14 3. Diagram 8 shows a cuboid with horizontal base PQRS. T W

U S P

V R

DIAGRAM 8
Name the angle between the line QV and the plane QUR. A. VUR C. VQU B. VUQ D. VQR

July 2005, Q14 4. Diagram 6 shows a right pyramid NPQRS with square base PQRS. N

DIAGRAM 6
The angle between the line NQ and the base PQRS is A. PQN C. QNS B. NQS D. QNR

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Nov 2005, Q14 5. Diagram 7 shows a right pyramid with a quadrilateral base EFGH. V

DIAGRAM 7

What is the angle between the line VF and the base EFGH ? A. VFE C. VFH July 2006, Q14 6. Diagram 7 shows a cuboid with a horizontal base TUVW. P Q U V DIAGRAM 7 S R T B. FVH D. FVE

The angle between the line PW and the base TUVW is A. PWV C. PTW B. PUW D. PWU

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Nov 2006, Q14 7. Diagram 7 shows a cuboid with a horizontal base TUVW.

Diagram 7 Name the angle between the plane PQWT and the plane SRWT. A. QTR C. QTS B. QWR D. QWS

8. SPM Jun 2007, Q 16 Diagram 9 shows a pyramid PQRS. The horizontal base QSR is a right angled triangle. Vertex P is vertically above S.

S Q
Name the angle between the line PR and the plane PSQ. A B C D RPS RPQ PRS PRQ

Diagram 9

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Line And Planes In 3-Dimensions

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9. SPM Nov 2007 Q14 Diagram 8 shows a pyramid with its rectangle base QRST.

Diagram 8 T Q R
Vertex P is vertically above T. Name the angle between the plane PTS and the plane PTQ. A B C D PQT PST SPQ STQ

10. SPM Jun 2008, Q 15. Diagram 8 shows a cuboid with a horizontal base TUVW.

S R P Q T W U V
What is the angle between the plane SVW and the plane PQRS? QSW A B RSW C QSV D PSV

Diagram 8

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11. SPM Nov 2008, Q14 Diagram 7 shows a right-angled triangular prism with the horizontal base QSTV. U P V T S

What is the angle between the plane STU and the base QSTV?
A B C D TUV UTV USV SUV

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ANSWERS
17.2.1 1a) JKP b) UVP 2a) BAF b) URX or or or or

MLS XWS CDE TSY

c) PKJ

3a) VBC b) KPS d) NHM e) ECD

4a) GLO b) PEF c) ELK d) QNM e) TVW Exercise 1 a) PQU or SRT b) QJK or RML c) XRU or YST d) FBA e) MGH or LFE f) ACB Exercise 2 a) VLO b) MSJ or KRL d) EQP e) KEF c) YST f) UVP or XWS Practice SPM Format 1. A 2. D 3.C 6. C 7. C 8.A 11. D 12. C 13.A 16. A 17. C 18.C

4. D 9. D 14. C 19. D

5. D 10. B 15. C 20. A

SPM PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1. D 5. C 9. D 2. C 6. A 10. B 3. C 7. B 11. B 4. B 8. A

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