CHAPTER 18: NUMBER BASES

1.1 Important concepts

Number Bases

Number in base
two
Only use digits 0
and 1.
Place value :
23222120

Number in base
eight
Only use digits 0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and
7,
Place value :
838 2 8180

Number in base
five
Only use digits 0,
1, 2, 3 and 4
Place value :
53525150

1.2 Number in base two

1.2.1 State the value of a digit of a number in base two.
Example:

11012
The value of a digit 1 is 1 23 = 8

Exercises :
1.

11002

2.

1101102

3.

1000102

4.

11101002

5.

1001002

6.

10111112

7.

101111102

8.

111101102

9.

101011002

10.

10001111002

1.2.2 Conversion of numbers in base two to the number in base ten.

Example : 1102 = (1 22) + (1 21) + (0 20)
=4 + 2 + 0

Number Bases

12

= 610
Exercises :
1.

1012

2.

11012

3.

11002

4.

11102

5.

10112

6.

11012

7.

101102

8.

110112

Example : 10012 =

1 0

= 8+1
= 910
9.

1011102

10.

1110002

11

11001112

12.

10100112

.
13

101011012

14.

111011012

1.2.3 Conversion of numbers in base ten to the number in base two.

Example : 2510
2
2
2
2
2

25
12
6
3
1
0

remainder
1
0
0
1
1

2510 = 110012
Exercises :
1.

1610

Number Bases

2.

13

2910

3.

3410

4.

3910

5.

4410

6.

4710

Example : 1210
4

1 1

1210 = 11002
7.

5510

8.

6810

9.

8710

10.

9410

11

10110

12.

11710

1.3 Number in base eight

1.3.1

State the value of a digit of a number in base eight.

Example :

142
The value of a digit 4 is 4 80 = 4

Exercises :
1.

158

2.

248

3.

618

4.

1458

5.

3278

6.

3268

7.

25168

8.

34048

9.

16258

10.

46138

1.3.2 Conversion of numbers in base eight to the number in base ten.

Example: 268 = ( 2 81) + (6 80)
= 16 + 6
= 2210
Exercises:
1.

238

2.

348

3.

638

4.

718

5.

1248

6.

1568

Number Bases

14

7.

2708

Example : 458 =

51

8.

3748

= 32 + 5
= 37
9.

2058

10.

2728

11

3168

12.

3658

.
13

5138

14.

6528

.
1.3.3 Conversion of numbers in base ten to the number in base eight.
Example: 1910
8
8

19
2
0

remainder
3
2

1910 = 238
Exercises :
1. 2610

2.

4910

3.

6410

4.

9910

5.

14410

6.

54710

Example : 1710
512

64

1710 = 218
7.

1910

8.

2410

9.

5710

10.

6410

Number Bases

15

11

12110

12.

21710

1.4 Number in base five

1.4.1 State the value of a digit of a number in base five.
Example : 225
The value of a digit 2 is 2 51 = 10
Exercises :
1.

145

2.

235

3.

325

4.

445

5.

1015

6.

1245

7.

2405

8.

12125

9.

32045

10.

42215

1.4.2 Conversion of numbers in base five to the number in base ten.

Example: 1425 = ( 1 52) + ( 4 51) + ( 2 50)
= 25 + 20 + 2
= 4710
Exercises :
1.

135

2.

205

3.

315

4.

425

5.

2115

6.

3025

7.

31105

8.

43215

10.

215

Example : 1245 =

125

25

= 25 + 10 + 4
= 3910
9.

125

Number Bases

16

11

1045

12.

2305

.
13

22345

14.

42135

.
1.4.3 Conversion of numbers in base ten to the number in base five.
Example : 2810
5
5
5

28
5
1
0

remainder
3
0
1

2810 = 1035
Exercises :
1.

1610

2.

2910

3.

7710

4.

8510

5.

14410

6.

44710

12

Example : 1210

1210 = 225

7.

5610

8.

7810

9.

8710

10.

10410

11

20110

12.

31710

1.5 Conversion of number in certain base to a number in another base.

1.5.1

Conversion of number in base two to the number in base eight.

Example : 111012
4

2 1

1 1
3

10 1
5

111012 = 358

Number Bases

17

2 1

1.

11012

2.

10012

3.

110012

4.

110112

5.

1001112

6.

1110102

7.

11011112

8.

11010002

9.

100111012

10

111101102

11

1001110112

12

10011101102

13

100111011012

14

1101010100112

1.5.2

Conversion of number in base eight to the number in base two.

Example: 27

8
2
4

7
1

0 1 0

1 1 1

278 = 101112
1.

258

2.

368

3.

518

4.

2028

5.

5368

6.

6438

7.

12358

8.

25718

9.

32248

10

60478

11

25508

12

51018

13

710018

14

562218

Number Bases

18

1.5.3

Conversion of number in base five to the number in base two.

Example : 145
125

25

2
2
2
2

145= 5 + 4
= 910

9
4
2
1
0

remainder
1
0
0
1

145 = 910 = 10012

Exercises :
1.

235

2.

435

3.

1345

4.

2125

5.

3015

6.

4235

1.5.4

Conversion of number in base five to the number in base eight.

Example : 145
125

25

8
8

145 = 5 + 4
= 910

Number Bases

19

9 remainder
1
1
0
1
145 = 910 = 118

Exercises :
1.

135

2.

335

3.

1245

4.

2215

5.

3105

6.

4135

1.5.5

Conversion of number in base two to the number in base five.

Example : 1112
8

5
5

1112 = 4 + 2 + 1

7
1
0

remainder
2
1
710 = 125

= 710
Exercises :
1.

1012

2.

11102

3.

110112

4.

101102

5.

1110112

6.

1011112

1.5.6

Conversion of number in base eight to the number in base five.

Example : 168
512

Number Bases

64

5
5
20

14
2
0

remainder
4
2

168 = 8 + 6

1410 = 245

= 1410
Exercises :
1.

178

2.

338

3.

1748

4.

2218

5.

5108

6.

7138

1.5.7

Perform computations involving addition of two numbers in base two.

Example :

1 0 0 12
+

1 0 12
1 1 1 02

Exercises :
1.

1012 + 1102

2.

1112 + 11012

3.

101002 + 110112

4.

101102 + 11012

5.

1110112 + 101012

6.

1011112 + 101002

1.5.8

Perform computations involving subtraction of two numbers in base two.

Example :

1 0 0 12
-

1 0 12
1 0 02

Exercises :

Number Bases

21

1.

1012 - 102

2.

1112 - 1012

3.

101002 - 10112

4.

111102 - 101012

5.

1110112 - 1101012

6.

1101002 - 1011112

Objective Questions.
1. State the value of underlined digit in the in the
number 10 10101 2.
A 4A
B 8
C 16
D 32

8.

2. State the value of underlined digit in the

number 13240 5.
A 75
A
B 375
C 1875
D 3

9. Express 110102 as a number in base

eight.
A 26
A8
B 328
C 1228
D 11018

3. Express 110111
ten.
A 13
A10
B 3110
C 5510
D 11010

10. Express 10 110 1012 as a number in base

eight.
A 2358
B 2648
C 2658
D 5518

as a number in base

4. Express 1548 as a number in base ten.

A 80
A10
B 10810

11 Express 4028 as a number in base two.

A 110010
A
2
B 1100100102
C 10000102
D 1000000102

C 86410
D 192510
5. Express 4235 as a number in base
ten.

Number Bases

Express 93210 as number in base

five.
A 1435
B 2125
C 22125
D 122125

12 Express 101102 as a number in base five.

22

A
B
C
D

846
A 10
42310
11310
76510

A
B
C
D

225
425
445
40445

6. Express 126 10 as a number in base two.

A 111110
A
2
B 11101102
C 11111102
D 11111112

13 Express 4135 as a number in base two.

A 1001011
A
2
B 100001011
C 1011002
D 11011002

7. Express 342810 as a number in base

eight.
A 544
A8
B 4288
C 27428
D 65448

14 Express 5468 as a number in base five.

A 334
A 5
B 4135
C 24135
D 3415

155Express 7( 82 ) + 5 as a number in base two.

A 11100011
A
2
B 110001012
C 11101012
D 1110001012
16 Express 27 + 22 + 1 as a number in base
eight.
A 19
A8
B 1338
C 2058
D 7208

Given that

x1 0= 1 21+ 1 51+ 1 81, find

the value of x.
A 15
A
B 16
C 17
D 18
23 If x 2 = 2 5 + 2 3 + 2 0 , then x =
A
B
C
D

17 Express 10 110 1012 as a number in base

eight.
A
2358
B
2648
C
2658
D
5518

101
A 0002
101 0012
110 0012
110 0112

24. 100102 + 1112 =

A
B
C
D

18 Express 53 + 4 as a number in base five.

A
1045
B
3045
C
10045
D
30045

11101
A 2
110012
101012
100012

25. Given that x2 = 1012 + 1015 , find the

value of x.
A
11112
B
10 1112
C
11 1112
D
101 1112

19 If y5 = 110 1112 , then y =

A
205
B
515
C
1605
D
2105

Number Bases

22

23

20 If 20008 = x 10 which is x is integer, find

the value of x.
A 1600
A
B 2500
C 1024
D 8192
21. If x5 = 758 , then x =
A
61
B
211
C
221
D
111 101

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

SPM 2003(Nov)

1. Express 11010101 2 as a number in base eight

A.
B.

2.

651 8
625 8

C.
D.

11101 2 + 1110 2 =
100011 2
A.
C.
111001 2
B.
D.

325 8
221 8

101111
101011

2
2

SPM 2004(Nov)
3.

Express 5 3 + 3 as a number in base five

103 5
1003 5
A.
C.
303 5
3003 5
B.
D.

4. 11011 2 + 111 2 =
100010 2
A.
B.

101100

C.

110011

D.

111101

SPM 2004(Jun)
5. What is the value of the digit 3, in base ten, in the number 3728?
A.
48
C.
192
B.
64
D.
512
6. Convert 22 + 2(23 + 1) to a number in base eight
Number Bases

24

A.
C.

158
268

7. 110112 1012 =
A.
10102
B.
11102

C.
D.

228
628

C.
D.

101102
100102

C.
D.

111010
111100

SPM 2005(Nov)
8. 110001 2 1011 2 =
A.
B.

100100
100110

2
2

2
2

9. What is the value of the digit 2, in base ten, in the number 3241 5 ?
A.
B.

25
50

C.
D.

200
250

C.
D.

10112
11112

SPM 2005(Jun)
10. 100102 - 11012 =
A.
1012
B.
1112

11. Express 11101002 as a number in base eight

A.
1218
C.
4618
B
1648
D
7208
SPM 2006(Nov)
12. What is the value of the digit 2 in base ten, in the number 1203 5
A.
10
C.
200
B.
50
D.
250
13. 11001 2 101 2 =
1001 2
A.
10000 2
B.

C.
D.

1101 2
10100 2

SPM 2006(Jun)
14. It is given that k10 = 1100012, where k is an integer. Find the value of k.
A.
B.

48
49

15. 1012 + 10012 =

A.
11102

Number Bases

C.
D.

97
98

C.

100002

25

B.

11002

D.

100112

SPM 2007(Jun)
16. Express 7 x 83 + 2 x 82 + 8 as a number in base eight.
A.
B.

127 8
3270 8

C.
D.

721 8
7210 8

17. 11012 + 1111012 =

A.
B.

1100002
10010102

C.
D.

1110102
1110002

SPM 2007(Nov)
18. 1100102 - 111012 =
A.
1011012
B.
110002
19.

C.
D.

1001012
101012

Given 3 x 53 + 4 x 52 + 5y = 3420 5 . Find the value of y.

A.
0
C.
3
B
2
D
4

SPM 2008(Jun)
20. Convert 324 8 to a number in base two.
A.

100001011 2

C.

B.

100010011 2

D.

21. 101002 - 11112 =

A.
1012
B.

1112

C.

10012

D.

10112

C.

101002

D.

101102

11001100 2
11010100 2

SPM 2008(Nov)
22. 101012 - 112 =
A.
100002
B.

100102

23. Convert 204 8 to a number in base five.

A.
1012 5
C.
1304 5

Number Bases

26

B.

2101 5

D.

4031 5

ANSWERS
Chapter 18 Number Bases
1.2.1
1. 4
6. 16

2. 16
7. 32

3. 0
8. 16

4. 64
9. 0

5. 4
10. 32

1.2.2
1. 5
6. 13
11. 103

2. 13
7. 22
12. 83

3. 12
8. 27
13. 173

4. 14
9. 46
14. 237

5. 11
10. 56

1.2.3
1. 10000
6. 101111
11. 1100101

2. 11101
7. 110111
12. 1110101

3. 100010
8. 1000100

4. 100111
9. 1010111

5. 101100
10. 1011110

1.3.1
1. 5
6. 16

2. 4
7. 320

3. 1
8. 512

4. 32
9. 512

5. 16
10. 2048

1.3.2
1. 19
6. 110
11. 206

2. 28
7. 184
12. 245

3. 51
8. 252
13. 331

4. 57
9. 133
14. 426

5. 84
10. 186

1.3.3
1. 32
6. 1043
11. 171

2. 61
7. 23
12. 331

3. 100
8. 30

4. 143
9. 71

5. 220
10. 100

1.4.1
1. 4
6. 10

2. 3
7. 0

3. 15
8. 50

4. 20
9. 375

5. 25
10. 500

1.4.2
1. 8
6. 77

2.
7.

3. 16
8. 586

4. 22
9. 7

5. 56
10. 11

Number Bases

10
405

27

11. 29

12. 65

1.4.3
1. 31
6. 3242
11. 1031

2. 104
7. 211
12. 2232

1.5.1
1. 15
6. 72
11. 473

2.
7.
12

1.5.2
1.
4.
7.
10.
13.

11
157
1166

10101
10000010
1010011101
110000100111
111001000000001

13. 219

14. 558

3. 302
8. 303

4. 320
9. 322

5. 1034
10. 404

3. 31
8. 150
13. 2355

4. 33
9. 235
14. 6523

5. 47
10. 366

2.
5.
8.
11.
14.

11110
101011110
10101111001
10010010000
101110010010001

3.
6.
9.
12.

101001
110100011
11010010100
101001000001

1.5.3
1. 1101
6. 1110001

2.

10111

3. 101100

4. 111001

5. 1001100

1.5.4
1. 1000
6. 1101100

2.

10010

3. 100111

4. 111101

5. 1010000

1.5.5
1. 10
6. 142

2.

24

3. 102

4. 42

5 214

1.5.6
1. 30
6. 3314

2.

102

3. 444

4. 1040

5. 2303

1.5.7
1. 1011
6. 1000011

2.

10100

3. 101111

4. 100011

5. 1010000

1.5.8
1. 11
6. 101

2.

10

3. 1001

4. 1001

5. 110

Objective questions
1. C
2.
6. C
7.
11. D
12.
16. C
17.
21. C
22.

B
D
B
C
D

Number Bases

3.
8.
13.
18.
23.

C
D
D
C
B

4.
9.
14.
19.
24.

28

B
B
C
D
B

5.
10.
15.
20.
25.

C
C
D
C
C

SPM QUESTIONS
1. C
2. D
7. C
8. B
13. A
14. B
19. A
20. B

Number Bases

3. C
9. B
15. A
21. A

4. A
10. A
16. D
22. B

29

5. C
11. B
17. C
23. A

6. B
12. B
18. D