ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express the deepest appreciation for my teacher and mentor, Miss Habbibah Rizvi, who

has shown the attitude and the substance of a genius: she continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of adventure with regard to research, and an excitement with reference to teaching. She has been the motivation behind my extensive research and without her guidance and persistent help this book would not have been possible.

DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this book to my parents and my beloved sisters, you guys encouraged me during every footstep of this path. God bless you all.

PREFACE Idiosyncrasy, as the title of the book indicates, takes you on a round-trip journey of unconventional itinerary of not-just-another guy Shazil towards life. Why foible? Well some events did take place that really need to be adjusted to give his life a proper definition. Underscoring in its leaves the book tells a story of the accident that changed the boys life. The tragedy that made him feels that the world is but a hazy nascent gale of people with random uncertain characters. Delightfully, he neither turned to a saint nor a kleptomaniac, but just a person with a more lucid image of what others are. Yes, it encompasses normal adolescent behavior of his life too, of course thats a part of every persons lives. The book begins so alluringly, continued with the picturesque asymmetry of its episodes and comes to an exquisite conclusion with its vague contentment. Blending an explosive sense of humor with unabashed sentimentality, Idiosyncrasy aims to give something only fairly fascinating. The tone may also be comic or matter-of-fact. As in case of describing the events of his lives, the tone taken on is satiric just to keep the writer from boredom. But when describing about the accident, he gets serious. Characters in the book appear in their real complexity of temperament and motive. The events that take place in The Idiosyncrasy are highly probable. Melting the ice of ideas and pouring the liquid over paper makes the hand go on. This was the principle on which I wrote this book. The issue of interpretation is of an acute, dramatic importance in life. It shows how incisive a force is the interpretive lens. At the blink of an interpretive eye, ordinary becomes distinctive and distinctive becomes ordinary. The way you tell or interpret something, tells what you fell and think about it in your inside. I tried to interpret life my way that is in every possible way, and tried to do it by describing my own. I found out that It may be a craving for dominance and pleasure; a struggle to survive in an amoral and unscrupulous universe or to endure an indifferent apathetic surrounding. For once I depicted that life is a technique centralized on the immediate specific action determining the verifiable outcome; then again the world illustrates me that no way: focus on fathoming the factual or superficial and find the law behind the action. Well what I tried to do was to create a creative improvisation. I tried to emphasize on truth, accuracy and precision of the substance being presented, the logic. And then I would say its only human that a stylized or an embellished touch ought to be added to a piece of writing, the emotion. More importantly, I tried to describe the force of environment affecting and afflicting the life of the man, this is maintained throughout the context. Sigmund Freud was only fair when he said, No mortal can keep a secret. If the lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips. Well indeed he does. Neither is I a marvel in writing-making, nor like an Elvis of this own field. So talking about how I got introduced to the writing industry,

this isnt any circuitous route, just took the course of creative writing and was asked to do the job. Creativity: What is creativity? It is when you create something just like a valentine box of chocolates which could be consumed in a single felicit sitting and one could thoroughly enjoy it. It is when you get a feeling that this thing is a perfect amalgam of supreme humor and forthright sentimentality: something a concoction of humor and emotion as its most essential and balanced ingredients. Presentation is the most crucial art of executing a creative act. Either you can take a coin out of your wallet or you can produce it from thin air. Just like a magician, creativity can enhance the outcome of even the simplest phenomena of life. Creativity is the difference between a connoisseur and a person of ordinary taste buds. Creativity is in fact what we call the true spirit of the figurative description of the phenomena. Creativity is an art of perceiving beautification and beauty is a cruel mistress. Creativity is the quintessential reality behind the saga of words in a book, the colors from brush in a picture and the hands of a sculpturist in a sculpture. Finding beauty in the most obvious is the true art of perception which is personified by a creativist.

Table of Contents

Autobiography Who am i? Life in Garrison Life in GCU

7 8 9 11

Anecdotes All in a Nights Work The Green Belt Research Papers Fashion industry: The world of glamour or a domain of absolute void? Internet Surveillance at Workplace: Big Brother or Wise Management STEREOTYPICAL REPRESENTATION OF GENDER Similarities between Mormonism and Islam Critique Here comes everybody Incident at Vichy Quran and Kalashnikov Now its Time for Generation Next Short Stories A SLEEPY-HEAD CURSED! Innocence "MOIST EYES THAT GOT WET IN THE END" Aizahs misfortune THE FEELING I CALL SATISFACTION

12 13 17 19

20 25 29 36 48 49 53 56

60 61 64 66 68 72

Poems Fallacy ABANDONED

74 75 76

Persuasive Essays

77

Destiny is not a matter of chance, it is a matter of choice; it is not a thing to be waited for; it is a thing to be achieved. THE AFTERMATH OF WAR IS INDEED POSITIVE 78 83

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Autobiography

Who am I? Who am I? A question, which everyone in my social sphere asks. The answer to which will not be clear if I were to study what constitutes my personality, try to comprehend and analyze it even for a million years. Life does not only constitute of black and white, there are shades of grey in it. The personality of a person follows the same pattern. Similarly, you cannot identify one in few stereotype words. It is like a diamond with various cuts where each cut and face shows new light, color, passion and most of all a different story. I have done my part in the drama of life. Where, I acted as a jugular of circus, trying to be funny and humorous, been the drama queen to get all the things the life had to offer, played a role of happy child to live the life to its best but still not able to pinpoint who am I. In simple word, I am an expressive person. Who says what she believes. I am a creative and innovative person who likes to add colors in life. I view myself as a sensitive person who cares about others but still can be cold blooded with those who try to do harm. I am an amalgam of sweet and sour, lemon and spice. There would be an end to the English vocabulary and still telling who really I am will not end. I believe that my zodiac sign defines my personality to the hilt. I find myself competitive towards the general view of life, the streak in one to try to excel in every way of life. I would be a hypocrite if I were to deny this truth about human nature. Everyone tries to reach the top whether by any means I lean toward ethical values and try my level best not to harm other in my quest of success. I am hardworking which is a necessity, according to me to achieve your goal in life. Focusing on our goals helps us in reaching the finished line, which is the agenda I try to follow. It is not to let the ball out of your sight, if you do, you lose your focus and ultimately your game. It is not all rosy in ones personality. The sensitive nature of mines often acts as a negative trait. I sometimes feel too much which creates havoc with my life. I do feel that I am more of a pessimistic person rather than optimistic one. This pessimistic view towards various situations, have often led to my fall in the race of life. So this is Shazil. I am going to tell you about certain aspects and events of my life in the further chapters of this autobiography.

Life in Garrison School days were fun and filled with all new excitements each day at Garrison Boys High School. Well, at least that was how I took them. My tiny self was filled with diabolical ideas that reflected in practicality with the course of time. I was the kind of person to be surrounded by a whole bunch of students where ever I went. Considerable activities, countless friends, and overwhelming plans usually occupied me in school days. To begin with, School provided me with countless opportunities to exhibit my true potential. Apart from keeping up with my regular studies, I was very much into extracurricular activities. These included sports, competitions and managing events etc. These activities enhanced my skills in areas other than studies. Football and cricket was the favorite game at school. We played in recess, in game periods and even after school. Sometimes we even bunked classes to play. Our thirst for games never ended. One notable fact about me is I am an extremely sociable person. This trait of mine greatly reflects in my schools days. So relating school life and no friends is like talking about music with no rhythm. I must say, there was perhaps not a single person in School that I didnt take as acquaintance. I had countless school buddies who made school life fun and thrilling. I liked diversity which reflected in choosing friends too. I had all sorts of friends: geeks, pranksters, jovial, studious, and the list continue. My sociability wasnt just restricted to class fellows or other students- I was very frank with my teachers too. In-fact some of the teachers took me as a good pal and they still remember me as one too. Whats school without pranks? Thats the period in life one usually gets to do all those things that irritates somebody. The unfortunate baits in my case were the teachers of-course. I and my buddies used to make the class laugh their lungs out. We achieved it by asking ridiculous questions, making funny statements, replying with idiotic answers etc. We also used to irritate those teachers we didnt like and sometimes wasted their lectures with stupid questions. I must say I did almost everything that was forbidden in school. Of course that is not something to be proud of; still its not something not worth mentioning either. It takes quite a courage to do something you know it would cost you detention or worse parents meeting. I was the Prefect of my class, whose responsibility is to make sure things go according to rules. My ultimate shrewdness reveals with the exploitation I accomplished out of this badge on my chest. Getting my class fellows out of punishments they rightfully deserved, risking myself to defend my buddies, clearing my friends account in-front of teacher and the list continues. I was in fact referred to as the savior by my class fellows. I remember this incidence once a class mate had a whole bag of computer game CDs with him at School. The class teacher came to know about it somehow. So as a prefect, he asked me to check each student and catch the culprit. Again, I did what I usually do. I knew the guy and I got him through. But this time, somebody else had told the teacher that I was helping the guy get out of this mess. I did best to sort things out. But it was
9

futile this time. The teacher stripped me off my badge and I was grounded. I didnt take it serious, anything for fellows thats what I always say. So, after some time I got elected as the prefect again by the majority vote. I got the badge and the authorities along with my usual intentions, again. For all the warnings I received in school days- I still stuck to my real self. The funny, jovial, hilarious self-inside me never dozed off or got suppressed for once. I was both in good and bad books of my teachers. I had both friends and enemies. I had fights and I made peace. This duality in everything made my life at school whole more exciting, more adventurous and full of surprises.

10

Life in Government College University All I can say about my days in this place is that it was an opportunity, as well as a privilege. It was one of those experiences when people constantly tell you to visit some place or experience something, and when you dont exactly know why people recommend it so much, even during the experience you are in two minds about the popularity of that particular place, until you are done with it and then one day you go like Aah ! Now I get it. Its a stupid and a quite fulfilling feeling. Stupid because you now realize how important that place was, and fulfilling because you are now satisfied that you did not leave that place empty handed. Despite my utter attempt of not to lean anything, that place today known as Government College University, made sure that I had our hands full. It was a roller coaster ride I must say. At first the experience was very well summarized by many of my fellows as no more than a travelling times of hours every day and a hectic time table. Then the experience seem to be defined as a socializing experience as well with the opportunity to meet people from places of Pakistan that I had merely heard of. And then when we were through with our days in that institute, the experience could only be defined by the word indescribable. If I may voluntarily steel and slightly change the words of Forest Gump, Government College proved to be a box of chocolates, except that the sweetness was later felt. Walking in the corridors of that institute with the names of merely all the famous men of our history hanging alongside the walls, one could not stop himself from imagining what the atmosphere here used to be. It was even more difficult not to imagine ourselves in a responsible position once we leave this institution and as I like to refer to it, it was impossible to resist from hallucinating happiness. One thing I can without any doubt say about this experience is the fact that one is definitely on the wrong side if he attempts to assess the privilege of this institution from the outside. Only a ravian can truly know the essence of those old and rusty but yet so liked class rooms, the privilege of walking freely in those corridors, the honor of wearing that red coat, and the respect that old Anarkali pays once you set a foot on it in that uniform. It would now cease to further write about it for it may seem that I am trying to explain my stay there, and might contradict with my statement before and the ultimate truth, that the days in Government College are truly indescribable.

11

Anecdotes

12

All in a Nights Work

Being of the age that I am and being a student, everyday life has not surprisingly a related tinge to it. Student-related work, as well as general thinking (that of still being new to a lot of things and thus having a certain adventurous excitement towards everything) naturally defines everything that one is and, therefore, permeates through everything that one does. So, essentially, most people my age have about four years to themselves which they spend shuffling about rabidly and with sheer, reckless wanton abandon to complete assignments, finish projects by the official deadlines; make, prepare for and then deliver presentations and so on and so forth. Getting through the academic minutia of everyday life is, therefore, something of an adventure in and of itself: you never know what might come your way, how you may go about it and thus what you learn and how it eventually affects you; how it shapes you. Cest la vie, as they say in French. Leaving aside all token mentions of the frog-eating types and then immediately, nay, swiftly moving on to something that has at least some resemblance to a punch line (so to speak): I am no different than most people my age. I walk the same merry, impressionable - but very crucial grounds of youth, subject to the same sorrows and strifes, the same sense of nave adventure and open-minded wonder.as well as the same pitfalls. That being said, I shall now begin recounting a story where all the aforementioned were thoroughly demonstrated. Save, maybe, for the romanticized sense of wonder and adventure. That, I feel, might have to feature in another story. Anyway, I digress. It was a night like, well, any other. My group had a submission in a few days. We were supposed to make a video and then write several hundred words on it. Raise a point and then elaborate it, I suppose. Wed come up with a concept and then shot the necessary scenes to later be stitched together via editing. Simply put, wed finished with the easy part. Being that this usually requires sufficient technical skill of a very specific nature, and that neither one of us being too technically inclined, we chose to enlist the help of our relatively more proficient and wailla comrades. So, we called a friend who Ill call Saad Abid. Saad agreed to help; which wasnt necessarily an achievement. What you need to know about Saad, love and respect him as we do and as gracious and caring as he is, is that hes never been one to burden himself with the effort of thinking about anything twice; nor for too long just once. One could call it confidence. I most certainly do. Anyway, we figured wed solved our minor bump in the road. When, really, we were on for a bit of a ride. And so came the night (because starting on times just too efficient and khuwar) when we finally set about to edit the video. We went over to Saads house, at a conveniently late evening hour with a CD of the software we need.

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Almost immediately, the shenanigans began: the CD that we bought didnt work. So, we drove back to the nearest store and bought another. And, as luck would have it, this one was also faulty. This happened about two more times. On our way back to Saads with our 5th CD now, we finally found one that wasnt faulty. So, we installed the software, fired it up and turned to Saad to start working. And then, another nifty little revelation: What? said Saad in a low monotone, with a blank look, cigarette in hand? Um, do what you do? Get to work on the video? Chop, chop? I said, partially laughing. What edit the video, you mean? said Saad, taking a drag from his cigarette and still sporting that blank look. Yeah, dude. What else? I said, slightly taken aback. I dont know how to do that. I thought you guys were coming over to use my PC. There was silence for a while; until everyone else in the room burst. WHADDO YOU MEAN YOU DONT KNOW HOW TO EDIT?! WHY WOULD WE WANT TO USE YOUR PC?! WE ALL HAVE PCs, MAN! Loud swearing was heard, fists were curled, teeth were gritted. And so on. Saad, however, kept his cool and simply said Look, you could kill the night away screaming at me or you could all grow up and actually do something about this We couldve all burs a vein each, but we realized he was right. Not wasting any time, and being very annoyed, I called up another friend. Ill call him Mueed here. Mueed did not suffer from the same technologically challenged existence that we endure and, though no genius by any means, was more than a viable option at this point. I called Mueeed and simply asked him if he could help us edit the video. He said he could probably manage it pretty well. Good enough I said, cutting him off; he starts to go off if you dont do that. The poor thing talks too much for his own good sometimes. Im coming to pick you up right now then. I said, hanging up the phone. I told everyone that Id spoken to Mueed and that hed agreed to help and that I was going to go pick him up. It was 12:00 A.M by now. I silently darted to my group mates car (creeping downstairs as to not create too much noise), got in, revved the engine and sped away.
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The roads were empty. The city really is something late at night; a living, breathing organism unto itself, with a palpable heartbeat of its own. Mueed lived rather nearby so I was outside his house in 10 minutes. I told him to come downstairs and he did and off we went. So whats the scene? he said, wearily. He was clearly about to go to sleep. I brought him up to speed about what had happened with us so far: the CDs, Saads late revelation, our collective breakdown. Mueed just laughed I off. He took out his cigarettes and lit one for himself. As he reached for his pocket to put his lighter and cigarette pack back, he started singing. Almost immediately, that proved to be a bad idea. As he opened his mouth to sing a long note, the cigarette slipped from his mouth and disappeared somewhere under the seat; whilst still being lit, of course. Alarmed, I exclaimed loudly and immediately slammed on the breaks. There was carpeting in the car and the cigarette was going to burn it (and the car, quite possibly) unless we found it and put it out in time. We started frantically looking for it.but couldnt find anywhere. It was one of the most bizarre things thatd ever happened to me. There are only so many places anything could be in a car. Needless to say, for a moment, our sense of panic grew. As we fidgeted around, we couldnt help but laugh a little at our luck: though inconvenient and cumbersome, it was rather hysterical. It was almost as if it were out of a movie. Something like this, however, could only ever happen; and that too to us. No writer could ever have any amount of creative insight or lack thereof - to simply come up with something as uniquely silly as this. This wasnt my car, so we fidgeted around for a while, laughing, as we tried to figure out how to move the seats. Eventually, Mueed snuck his head under the passenger seat (following the trajectory of the cigarette) and found the cigarette, tucked neatly over an unburned patch of carpet. The cigarette hadnt been properly lit and so went out itself. A moment of relief, we didnt waste too much time savoring it. Mueed snuck his hand under the seat, pulled out the cigarette and threw it out. Almost immediately, however, he lit another as I started the car again. This time though, he made sure it was in his hand before he opened his mouth. Youre certainly have a tough night, mate he said, mockingly. No kidding I replied in a dry, exhausted voice. We hurried back to Saads house and into his room and saw that the other two members of my group has already started working on the video. As it turned out, the software wasnt very difficult to use, so theyd started and were almost done. All they needed now was to put in the music. And again, we ran into a problem: Saad didnt have internet access. Apparently, he hadnt paid his bill for the month.
15

Skipping the yelling altogether this time, we made our way back to Mueeds house, which was now also visibly annoyed, having been pulled out of bed even when there was no real need for it. We got to Mueeds house, ran to his room with him hissing at us to keep the noise down and got online. We spent about 20 minutes finding and then finalizing the songs we needed and then we hurried back to Saads house. We spent a little more time deliberating on which songs should be in the final video, settled and then finally finished the video. All 5 of us breathed a sigh of relief. It was close to 2:00 A.M by now. We all went over the events of the night and laughed and cursed at sporadic moments. But all in all, we simply thanked our lucky stars that we were finally done and all went our way home.

All of this happened on just one hectic night. There have been tons of others and, from the looks of it, there will probably be tons more. And we accept that. In fact, we welcome it. For these are the years well remember most, with every moment, every little detail and every little indiscretion lending itself for something much greater: memories of a life lived in all its absurdity and all its gloriously unpredictable and adventurous, if at times frustrating, joy.

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The Green Belt Its funny how life changes with a single incident. How a single event enters a whole new gate way to a phase of life you had never imagined before. People usually tell us not to worry, because when we look back all we might have to offer for the mistakes of the past would be a smile, or a laugh. Its funny because you can never laugh at some mistakes you once made. 25 February, 2007. An occasion people around us call Basant, with colors all around and the sky blinded by the cover up of kites. It all started with a single text message, and as we all know they spread like fires these days. One of my friends, Asfand a.k.a Doctor texted me if I felt like outing on this occasion. What can the answer probably have been? I approved of this plan and rang up two of my friends Zain and Asad. Asad was the one with the car, and Zain, well he was the one with probably everything else. As time passed by and we were driving around, life seemed a bit slow and thus we decided to speed up the only thing in our control that time, our car. It was a black Margala, and that old beauty still knew how to kiss the ground with the old but not rusty tires it was attached to. Along the journey Asad, who was driving the car at that point probably had an adrenaline rush, he pressed on the accelerator, clutch, break, and there goes a big screech sound. Unfortunately, it was almost going to hit another car. The adrenaline rush now converted into a low sugar level because of the possible tragedy. Thus the control of the car was given to a man no other than Doctor. This is probably the only funny thing about the incident, because he demonstrated with his driving skills, that its about time that blind trust should be declared a myth. As I first said, Asad had an adrenaline rush, a similar feeling was also experienced by Doctor later on , however an adrenaline rush would be an understatement for it. Its hard to paint that picture with words, but I shall try my best. Consider me under oath and I shall neither lie nor exaggerate. One Mississippi: Asad hanging out of the window screaming Woohoo !! Two Mississippi: Asad receives a text and thus pushes his head in to read it. Three Mississippi: Zain lights up a cigarette. Four Mississippi: Asfand presses the accelerator Five Mississippi: The Green Belt As expected, no one understands the meaning of the last step. All I can say is it took a simple five step process to turn my life upside down. The Green Belt was the climax of this five step process and also the most complicated one. This is where Doctor felt like he had been handed over the keys of an Air Bus and the sky seemed too far to him. He lost control of the car due to the fast speed we were travelling at, the car stumbled upon a green belt, managed to escape its way through a tree and a pole, and unfortunately struck straight into a bike over loaded with three people. And then symphonies of seven continuous bumps were heard at the car keep rolling over. A long screech and yes we were all under the car, and it was all upside down. We ran away from the car, Zain had some difficulty pilling his leg out and was helped put by me and Doctor. We ran and stood as far as possible from the car, but unfortunately there was no escape from it. As we held our heads in our hands to think what we had done, our eyes came across the three people lying on the ground helpless, and yes I did not expect to witness the color red on basant in that fashion. Doctor rushed one of the injured to the hospital, the remaining three left behind. I would then skip some of the portion to what happened next as it is highly controversial and no one sadly believes any of the three men left behind. I would fast forward it to when Zain was now labeled as a Double gamer Asad was the Ignorant who could have helped but did not, and Shazil was The runner.
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Five Mississippi: Zain screams Asfaaaaaand !! , Shazil screams Allah hu .. !! Asfand responds.. THA THA THA .. !!

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Research Papers

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Fashion industry: The world of glamour or a domain of absolute void?

The word 'Fashion' is derived from 'factio'. Fashion is an outlet of creativity. Fashion is the myriad of ideas, the way people live and what happens around them. In Pakistan, Fashion industry has suffered its share of browbeating and scorn. Over the past decade fashion industry of Pakistan has transformed immensely and has influenced every age group in one way or the other. Fashion is always changing, slightly elusive and extremely alluring. It has the power to transform an image and make a social statement. Although fashion is not indispensable yet it holds great importance in controlling the lives of many people. For centuries it has served as a medium for the expression and regulation of ideas and creativity. The 50's marked the era of conservatism in fashion. The 60's began the 'groovy' time. The 70s are known to be a freer fashionable society. The 80s was a time of outrageous fashion trends, while the 90's styles were toned down with classics as well as new styles. Every generation has their own style; something that sets them apart from the previous generations. So why does Generation Y choose to wear the clothing that they do? Of course we don't want to dress like our parents, but there are other factors involved in developing the style of a generation.

Marketing, advertising, and the media all try to influence the way our generation dresses. Their reasons are mainly profit based. We also make our clothing choices based on the Functionality of the garment. Consumers of our generation often look at the comfort, durability, and adaptability of a piece before purchasing. History has had a great influence on the look of most clothing worn today. Clothing also helps us to express ourselves. Youth often choose clothing to reflect their unique personality. Fashion does not exist in dresses only, it is a lifestyle. The clothes have a deeper meaning than just to keep the body warm. It is the fashion industry that elaborately distinguishes between the use of fur for animals and clothes for people. Fashion has always been a stagnant part of the society. Fashion industry encompasses a band of aspects which envelopes the integrity of a single individual in Pakistan, let it be good or bad. These aspects include the cultural impacts, religious paradox, educational involvement, medical criticality, psychological traumas and economic fluctuations.
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It is essential to study the cultural aspect of fashion industry as it has a cultural profile that saves it from being trivial. Fashion is a tool of cultural production and the means by which cultural differences can find peaceful voices. With the ever growing technology, media has become easily accessible for the masses. Media has invaded the lives of this generation. This helps the fashion industry to reach to the masses through the media. Media plays an eminent role in creating an image for the fashion industry. Now that media has invaded the lives of this generation, it has become quite a task to stay away from the clutches of fashion industry. Media greatly affects the minds of young generation who look up to the celebrities and their lifestyle and try emulate them accordingly. Fashion industry has successfully been able to psychologically mold the psyche of various age groups. It has dominated people's psyche so strongly that they tend to ignore the health disasters that could take place while portraying themselves as a fashion statement just to be in the limelight Educational approach towards fashion industry is an establishment which not only restricts one to glamour but imbeciles a whole new character out of a human being. Fashion industry contributes a lot towards the economy of Pakistan through various fashion displays and exhibitions attracting foreigners as well. The scope of the study is to take into account the fashion industry of Pakistan solely and to discuss these pillars on which the industry is based upon.

Cultural aspect: The study can be concluded by saying that even though the culture of Pakistan is very ethnic and emphasizes on simplicity in clothing and lifestyle, the western influences on the designers of Pakistan has caused the culture to deviate a lot from the roots of simplicity. The foreign influences are causing serious damage to the culture of Pakistan. Fashion is all around us, we see it, we buy it, we read about it but people know fashion as a business. Over the years immense amount of talented designers have emerged, showcasing the ethnic culture of the country, diversifying the fashion trends to recent times and also what the designers all over the world what people are doing. Pakistani culture is also a form of eastern culture which is popular throughout the world due to its uniqueness, exclusiveness and matchlessness which one can also find in eastern fashion. Here in Pakistan fashion industry many designers, in fact, all of the designers are influenced by western fashion trends and norms, which in
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turn lead them into making and selling such fashion which violates the very base of Pakistani culture. Fashion has an intense impact on the culture of Pakistan. In an attempt to make money designers tend to overlook what they are promoting. As long as they are getting people to buy it they do not care if it is against the culture or not. This ignorance and money making thinking of designers causes harm to the culture. Medical aspect: Despite of playing a key role in modernizing our lifestyle, fashion has its shortcomings as well. Apart from the genetic and environmental factor, socio-cultural are of central importance, setting an extremely thin standard for female beauty has resulted in an enormous death-rate of the models seeking social approval. Too much experimentation with the human body not only damages health but also camouflages the nature by an artificial world. Various medical disorders like anorexia, bulimia and eating disorders have played a major role in distorting health; however implementation of age threshold lessens the burden to some extent while various regulatory steps taken by the Academy for Eating Disorders (AED) has reduced the trend towards the ultra-thin standards for beauty. , Moreover, fashion industry has also been accused of glamorizing cigarette smoking, where cigarettes are linked with beauty and health but the truth is the nicotine, tar and tobacco destroy the skin and make people look prematurely old. Exercise has also become for many people another manifestation of their body dissatisfaction. Studies have found that most men who exercise regularly do so to build body mass and to increase cardiovascular fitness; most women who exercise do so to lose weight and to change the shape of their bodies in order to increase their attractiveness (Garner, Rockert, Olmstead, Johnson, & Coscina, 1985; Saltzberg, 1990). Exercise has lost its status as a pleasurable activity and become yet another way for people to manipulate their bodies, another vehicle for narcissistic self-torture. Reports of the number of people exercising compulsively are increasing and may become as widespread as compulsive calorie counting and the compulsive eating habits of anorexics and bulimics. Physical costs of dieting include a constant feeling of hunger that leads to emotional changes, such as irritability; in cases of very low caloric intake, dieters can experience difficulty concentrating, confusion, and even reduced cognitive capacity. The only growing group of smokers in Pakistan is young women, many of whom report that they smoke to curb their appetites. High heels cause lower back pain and lead to a variety of podiatric disorders.
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Furthermore, fashion trends have increased womens vulnerability in a variety of ways; long hair and dangling earrings have gotten caught in machinery and entangled in clothing and led to injury. High heels and tight skirts prevent women from running from danger Physical costs also include the pain of ancient beauty rituals such as foot binding, tatooing, and nose and ear piercing as well as more modern rituals such as wearing pointy-toed, highheeled shoes, tight jeans, and sleeping with ones hair in curlers. Side effects of beauty rituals have often been disastrous for womens health. Tatooing and ear piercing with unsanitary instruments have led to serious, sometimes fatal, infections. Many women have been poisoned by toxic chemicals in cosmetics (e.g., ceruse, arsenic, benzene, and petroleum) and have died from the use of unsafe diet products such as rainbow pills and liquid protein (Schwartz, 1986). The beauty-related disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia have multiple negative health effects, and side effects of plastic surgery include hemorrhages, scars, and nerve damage. Silicone implants have resulted in breast cancer, autoimmune disease, and the formation of thick scar tissue.

Psychological aspect: Various subcultures and separated groups in the society have their own lifestyle that distinguishes them from the rest. The vast expansion of the fashion industry has played a tremendous role in merging various cultures, whereas fashion even in its most elusive forms has influenced the lives of many, its permeation in our society has played a vital role in manipulating the people psychologically and molding the psyche of people. A perfect body and fleeting appearance has become an essential requirement to be socially accepted. Attainment of this ideal is accompanied not only by physical pain ,health problems, medical implications but also a wide range of psychological effects that are detrimental to health and shatter the entire personality of an individual. The value of beauty depends in part on the high costs of achieving it. Such costs may be physical, temporal, economic, or psychological. (Schwartz, 1986). Social Endorsement has also shifted the emphasis from genuine aptitude to mere appearance, as characteristics of being intelligent, sharp and intellectual are more likely linked with those with an exquisite appearance while individuals with extraordinary capabilities but deficient in striking appearance tend to suffer from rejection and inferiority complex. The intensity of the drive to increase attractiveness may also contribute to the high rate of depression among individuals (Williams, T 1985).The arduous struggle to meet the standards of
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the society generates threatening penalties as it leads to high stress rate and chronic anxiety, people gradually lose interest in themselves in addition to their surroundings, they also feels compelled to act in a manner that alters the entire personality ultimately resulting in the loss of self-identity. Moreover failure to meet the perfect standards set forth by the society fabricates intense disappointment, frustration and low self-worth among individuals, they become sensitive and intense socio-cultural pressure taints the internal motivation to appreciate their inner talents and abilities.

Even though the extensive evolution of Pakistans fashion industry has contributed immeasurably to the fusion and development of the various elements of our society, yet this glamorous and enchanting world of fashion has concealed its imperfections in an extremely fraudulent manner. The culture of Pakistan is undoubtedly dictated along the lines of simplicity and dignity yet the overcoming influences of the west have stimulated an era where originality is lost in the name of fusion. The propagation of fashion thorough media has deviated the perception of people from their unique culture to a confused state of mind where they find it hard to incorporate the influence with conscience. The contribution of economy to our fashion industry is very insignificant since there is no recognized platform to represent our fashion industry; therefore fashion industry is still struggling for being a positive input to Pakistans economy. Inadequacy of educational institutions has hampered the growth of this industry. However, Excessive emphasis on fashion has medical as well as psychological consequences, as it results in oppression and disempowerment. It is important to examine the effects that the pursuit of the perfect body has had on every individuals life, and how he can take a stand against continued enslavement to the elusive beauty ideal. Even though amalgamation of fashion with technology provides an innovative inclination towards glamour yet simplicity and originality is still the key to a healthy lifestyle. Only a more diverse view of beauty and a widespread rebellion against fashion extremes will save us from further physical and psychological tolls.

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Internet Surveillance at Workplace: Big Brother or Wise Management

It is hard to imagine recent workplaces without efficient and ready means of communication. Internet is one of the most common and cheap component of todays communication systems. With internet, employees can keep track of critical market trends; carry out research and a number of business tasks. Yet its extensive use also requires regular surveillance and monitoring in order to keep check on the employees. Internet surveillance incorporates record keeping of all the internet traffic which has been carried over the corporate network. At a workplace, system breakdown is not the only potential problem, apathetic workers who frequently overlook the purpose of Internet and email access also, can be equally damaging.

According to IDC Research, 30 to 40 percent of Internet use in the workplace is not related to business activity (GIF.com). 30% of American workers watch sports online while at work (ComputerMonitoring.com).With internet monitoring in place, employees will become more cautious. They will avoid mistreatment of the workplaces equipment and resources. This may lead to reduction in clogging up of enterprise network, bandwidth and storage capacity of the office computers. In this way, internet use is always available without unnecessary delays and wastage of time. Such a timely availability of online sources and a reduced abuse of online privileges translate into greater returns.

Employers place the productivity of their employees as the top most priority. Such a practice actively serves this purpose. Employees constantly waste their precious time at workplace in activities like online stock-taking, shopping, Facebook, Chat rooms and gaming. 92% of online stock trading and 46% of online holiday shopping occurs from the workplace during work hours (ComputerMonitoring.com). According to a recent Gallop Survey, it has been calculated that a typical worker spends about 75 minutes each day being nonproductive due to such activities (CM.com). Using the U.S. average wage scale of $20 per hour, it amounts to an annual loss of $6,250 per employee and if a company employs about 500 people, this loss exceeds the 3 million dollar figure. Taking into account the extent of such shocking effects, this practice becomes a necessity to maximize employees focus more on their work rather than on personal chores.
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One of the significant assets of an enterprise is its information, like business strategies, customer records, trade secrets, Research & Development plans and other, stored on the database. Inappropriate web surfing puts the corporate database at the risk of being hacked or breached. Nearly 75% of all American corporations admit their companys classified information being circulated outside the bounds of business entity, causing them millions of dollars in lawsuit and lost income. (CM.com) Hence by keeping log of entire network activities, a firm can easily trace the culprits and identify loopholes in the system and that too backed up with concrete evidence. Surveillance is a far less expensive choice to dealing with a data infringe, wide-ranging periods of down time or lawsuits.

Ethics is one of the defining elements to be observed in a workplace as part of corporate culture. Many employees overlook this responsibility which is binding upon every individual within its premises. According to SexTracker, the normal workday time duration of 9-5 accounts for more than seventy percent of all Internet porn traffic. Porn sites receive more than 27 million hits per day, with top sites receiving a staggering 2.8 million hits per day (Wavecrest.net). Surfing pornographic material while in the office may lead to distraction and many other complications. Yesterday, an article stated that the senior employees at the Washington headquarters of the federal Securities and Exchange Commission spent hours at work viewing pornographic websites instead of policing the U.S. financial system as it teetered on the brink of collapse (Google News). Such a system makes it easier to pinpoint only those employees rather than blaming the whole staff for their lethargic and disturbing behavior. So if an employee knows that he is being supervised, then he/she would be less prone to visit such pages in the first place.

The critics have compared this practice as attributable to privacy invasion and exploitation of the employees by their employer. It has been well publicized that most of the times; the courts have declared the ruling in the employers favor, but why? The reason is simple that the computers and the internet access are the assets of a company and not those of the employees. So the workers which are employed by the company must do their work accordingly and it is the firms right to conform this is exactly what they are doing.

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For most enterprises, regularity in workplace watch is necessary to persuade and encourage employees to perform like professionals. It is, therefore, important for employers to use it first as a means to keep the companys assets safe and sound and then to make sure that the employees behave in a trained, qualified manner. Until and unless the workers are mindful of such a surveillance of their behavior, they are liable to deviate from the expectations required of them. Where misbehavior is an issue, monitoring may be the best answer. Workplace environments, where professionalism is an essential prerequisite for success, essentially require such an effort on behalf of administration to extend the workforce.

Lost data and information is becoming a greater threat to many companies all around the world. With online access becoming a common platform for communication between business parties through emails, instant messages, chats etc., its a necessity to ensure secure backup of such data. The cost of employees surfing the Web from their office PCs is estimated to cost US companies more than $1 billion dollars a year (GIF.com). When such a huge expense is being done to facilitate the efficiency of workplace, it would be better to equip it with some safety measures. By having a functional online surveillance and monitoring service, it would be easier to log, store and retrieve lost records, monitor customer communication and other important details.

Employers are the most concerned people about their workers. They need to keep track of their behavior because they are paying them a handsome amount of money to work with loyalty to the enterprise. With such a system in place, managers can get a clear picture of their teams with fewer endeavors. This leads to a better way to plan, control and make decisions. It also frees up time which managers can spend on more demanding chores. Moreover, it ensures that only the hard working of employees are well rewarded since it can be used to gauge their dedication to work rather than free-riding on others work. It has been documented that many employees use their office mail to send abusive content to others and some have been found even guilty of treacherous activities. In 2000, Dow Chemicals fired 50 employees along with 200 others who were suspended on the charge of sending explicitly violent, pornographic and offensive stuff over the companys mail (Picktrg.com). Since almost all of the employees work time activities

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are available on the online database hence it would be easier for firms to save themselves from potential havocs.

Many Corporate laws require the business entities to comply with specific rules and regulations such as establishment of a comprehensive security plan. For example, the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) demands that both printed and electronic communication with public customers should be preserved. When an employee or a business delegate forwards a transaction-related mail, it must be conserved in a conduct that verifies the legitimacy of the collected data. Moreover, it encompasses email sent from home, all chat dialogues and instant messaging too (CM.com). On a similar note, HIPAA (Health Information Portability and Accountability Act) requires healthcare institutes to authorize and enforce security procedures so that a patients information remains in complete privacy. Rulings such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act impose severe penalties for the destruction of records including electronic data. Recently, further legislations have established a compulsion for businesses to conserve electronic data that may be linked to an audit or legal affair.

However, it cannot be denied that an employer may misuse his access to such valuable information, for example, his personal mailing list or some private notes putting the employee at a clear disadvantage. Hence, it is necessary that an employer should clearly state such restriction on the terms and conditions note during the hiring process. In this way, an employee will be well aware of such an obligation and will better be able to decide according to the suitability of conformity at the workplace and the pay scale offered to him.

In an ideal corporate world every task performed at the workplace should be linked to a business, but that isnt always the case. Hence, for a corporation to survive in the competitive business arena, it is in their best interest to employ techniques such as internet surveillance and monitoring over its employees. With such a system in place, employees will show a more dedicated behavior towards their job and this will ultimately result in better economic profits for the enterprise. It will also ensure better channeling of resources with increased productivity of employees hence contributing to a healthier workplace environment for all.

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STEREOTYPICAL REPRESENTATION OF GENDER

STUDY OF FEMALE STATUS IN PAKISTAN: EQUALITY OR ANTIPATHY.

The terms disproportionate, imbalanced and inappropriate truly define the status of women in Pakistan. Throughout the pages of history, they have always been subjected to antipathy and aversion. Women who should be considered as a symbol of respect in the society, have always been treated low as compared to the dominant males. A major portion of Pakistani women is a victim of prejudice from a large part of the community. According to the UNDP reports on Human Development in South Asia, the active safety of women in Pakistan remains a debatable subject. This research paper covers and explores the premises of the female autonomy in different areas of the country. The paper discloses the cultural differences regarding gender in Pakistan and accentuates the fact that despots in some of the rural areas in Pakistan have been depriving women from practicing their cultural conventions. This research provides affirmations towards women rights and masculine obligations towards them. It proceeds under the headings of religious theology, law, commutations and practice. Building upon religious arguments, this paper corrects the misconception that a woman is a demeaned part of the society. The study lends support to the fact that women in Pakistan have little control over their lives than the dominating males. It highlights the challenges faced in the legitimate path by women; prohibiting them from playing their effective roles. Analyzing the framework and constitution of Pakistan, It also ensures the legal safeguard of Pakistani women.

The society of Pakistan is a diverse amalgam of different cultural and ethnic groups. These

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cultures have their own distinctive way of treating women. There is a varied perspective regarding females in all provinces of the country, but generally the Pakistani society adopts a hostile attitude towards women. A phenomenal stereotype has existed and prevailed in many of the areas, and has been accepted as a fact. The verdict of this phenomenon is that woman is a lower creation and deserves demeaning. The patriarchal setup in most of Pakistan believes and acts upon this code. The Punjabis and Sindhis in the east are quite different from tribal Balochis and Pakhtun in the west. The diversification in the ethnicity of these areas leads to different opinions regarding women. Research confirms a better and a higher status of women in Punjab than in Sindh, whereas the situation is quite alarming in the other two provinces. A lawyer and human rights activist Hina Jilani said. The right to life of women in Pakistan is conditional on their obeying social norms and traditions". (Jilani. H).This is exactitude with what happens in some parts of Pakistan. Especially in Balochistan and some parts of NWFP, women are still valued nothing more than cattle in the fields. The birth of a daughter is still humiliating and ignominious for feudal lords. The infamous episode of female rights violation in 2008 in Balochistan, in which three girls were buried alive, the murderers are not identified yet. In Balochistan and even some areas of Punjab, the child marriage custom Vanni is still performed in which a very young girl is married off just to settle the disputes among the clans.

The right of education is the first and foremost right of any man or woman as per any international charter of human rights. In her book Vindication, the prominent feminist Mary Wollstonecraft argues for the right of woman to be educated because she is primarily responsible for the education of the young. It may be adolescent to imagine that simply equalizing educational opportunity will ensure true equality for women but it is a progression of newly

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opened doors. This education can significantly change the lives and opportunities for women. Recently numerous bombings were reported on schools for girls recently in Pakistan. So by depriving women of education, anti-feminists are actually divesting Pakistan of prosperity. Islam has always been the most revolutionary and liberal religion in granting respectful status to the women. Living in an Islamic state many Pakistanis take pride in strictly adhering to the Islamic values. But however, whenever the question of rights and liberties of the female gender is brought up people tend to forget the flexible values of Islam. They are reluctant to accept that Islam has accorded a highly venerated social position to women. It acknowledges the rights and privileges of the women in the society and does not impose any restrictions that may hamper the social growth and development of woman. A woman is an equally important member of the society. Compared to other religions, Islam has given women the highest respect. Women's rights have been recognized by the Quran and the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). The famous religious scholar Dr. Zakir Naik commented that for a woman before marriage, it is the duty of the father and the brother, to look after her lodging, clothing, boarding and financial aspects. And after marriage, it is the duty of the husband and the son, to look after her financial aspects. This kind of statement from one of the most prominent scholar justifies the status of women very well.

The stereotypes misinterpret the religious teachings. Some of them argue that polygamy was a privilege entitled only for men, and women were deprived of it. However Islam allows polygamy only when one can do justice. Quran says You can marry women of your choice, in twos, threes or fours, but if you cannot do justice, marry only one. (Al-Nisa).Furthermore, both genders are

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entitled to equal rights of inheritance. People are at mistake when they say that the woman gets half the share, as compared to that of the male. Most of the time female gets half the share as of the male counterpart, but it does not apply in all cases. Under some circumstances, female receives double as much as male, so it is just a false impression. However according to the rights of inheritance, a woman gets share from her father as well as from her husband. Therefore in totality the share of both men and women is at par

In this patriarchal system a woman does have an absolute right marriage by choice. In contrast Islam strictly discourages forced marriages. Dr Zakir Naik argues that Islam gives permission that the parents can guide their daughter in marriage, but they cannot force, because it is finally the daughter who has to live with the husband, not the parent. Men and women of full age without any limitation due to race, nationality or creed, have the right to marry or to have a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage and its dissolution. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the attending spouses. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 3&16.

Several times a woman is forced to cover in fact hide herself in a heap of clothes before she can go out. As far as Pardah in Islam is concerned, it was made an obligation for Umm-ulMomeneen so that they could be distinguished from others. Islam stresses upon a modest outlook of woman, humble in expression. The aim is to enhance the grace of a woman, not to strangle her. Frequent cases have been reported in which women were maltreated because they dared to step outside their homes without a male. Wives of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) went outside for shopping and buying daily necessities. Thus when Islam has been so cooperative and
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liberal regarding women which Islam is than being followed by these inflexible Pakistani men?

The legal framework of Pakistan has always lent support to women, ensuring the safeguard and security of female rights. The three constitutions of Pakistan were very clear in sanctioning proportional rights to females but the adulterations in these laws by the higher male authorities remained inevitable. Therefore a patriarchal setup prevails in the country. If women are attributed to equal rights, their egocentric feelings would be hurt. In the year 1979, General Ziaul-Haq enforced Hadood Ordinance over the country, a deleterious movement against woman rights. This ordinance penalized those who were involved in adultery. According to these laws, a woman who accuses a man of rape must submit testimony of four pious adult Muslim men as witnesses of the "act of penetration" itself and testify against the rapist. Now the point to ponder is that how many times was a woman able to keep four witnesses along with her while she was being raped? A rape victim, who is already suffering from shock, could be more traumatized by such inhumane treatment. And if the absence of woman's consent cannot be proved; it might place her at the risk of prosecution. Zofea Ibrahim reported that, According to the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), of the nearly 6,000 women in prison, 80 percent have been charged with adultery under the Hudood Ordinance and most are from disadvantaged sections of society. (Ibrahim. Z)

It is very necessary that the dominating males realize the true rights which women are entitled to. The basic human rights of women are right to life, right to physical and social safety, right to marital choices and right to education".(Tahira, S.K. 2005). Not the legal framework but the legislators and the executives suppress the woman rights. The importance of women in nation
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building and prosperity was recognized and appreciated even by Quid-e-Azam, the founder of Pakistan; he said No nation can make any progress without the co-operation of its women. If Muslim women support their men, as they did in the day of Prophet (PBUH) of Islam, we should soon realize our goal . No nation is capable of remaining a strong nation, unless and until its men and women struggle together for the achievement of its goals (Jinnah, M.A., 1942). If the founder of Pakistan is affirmative about feminine importance in the country, it is probably the best rationale.

For further strengthening the research, a sample of 20 participants was also selected to provide information through a questionnaire. The people who served as research participants for the questionnaire were students at LUMS and people in McDonalds and Pizza Hut Y- block. Participants were randomly selected on the basis of age and gender groups. 70% people wanted equilibrium between rights of both genders, 30% had the opinion that a woman should be under the male dominance. About the question that should women be allowed to play their part in nation building, 87% answered yes, 9% said yes but in limited fields whereas 4% were strictly against the idea of a working woman. When asked about treatment regarding the radicals that are active against women, 95% wanted government to deal such cases with iron hand and 5% were in favor of Punchiat and Jirga system. A cent percent majority tagged Hadood Ordinance as shameful and was against it. While the question regarding legal framework, 60% thought that constitution restricts women showing their potential whereas 40% disagreed.

The research on this matter and results extracted from questionnaire were very sound proof of a new era of women empowerment. The fracas between the gender stereotypes and rising women has been set. They want something different from changing diapers and feeding their young.
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Gradually women are claiming equality with men. Though Pakistan being patriarchal is very inflexible and non-cooperative but women today have a changed perception, demeaning has evolved into self-believing. It will be very soon when this revolutionary thinking is adopted not only in urban but also the bucolic areas. The women today want their due share in every aspect of life, and they are determined to change their status from antipathy to equality.

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Similarities between Mormonism and Islam

This article discusses the similarities between Islam and Mormonism which would help us better understand the grounds we hold common in both the religions and how their members perceive it. I am not comparing both religions or trying to make a conclusion about their authenticity but rather am stating the facts that are common between both the religions with an intention to create more understanding of each others religion. This would make us learn to respect and accept each others religion and would give us an insight about both the religions. There can be many opinions to the reason why Islam and Mormonism have so many similarities. I personally think that the basic reasons are the motive and situation in which both the religions came into being. Islam and Mormonism both declare themselves to be new religions confirming the authenticity of the older religions and claiming that they have been corrupted over time. This calls for a need of a new religion which can bring back the supremacy and true religion of God back on earth and guide people to gain salvation. The situation from which both religions originated is also the same; i.e., a scene of religious confusion, people seeking a true and just religion, God answers peoples call and raise amongst them a person who declares prophet hood and is helped by God to bring people to the true path. Through this paper I want to conclude that Islam and Mormonism have a lot in common, and we should study more about these commonalities so that we can better understand the meaning of our existence and help each other achieve the ultimate goal of passing the test of this world and gain salvation in the eyes of God. I would break down this paper into three parts talking about the similarities between both the religions in the following: (a) beliefs and practices, (b) prophets, and (c) holy books.

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Oneness of God and obedience to a living god is the central point of both Muslims and Latterday Saints. God is thought of as a supreme deity who demands strict moral adherence to divine law, with mercy as well as reprisal and judgment for the sinner. Both the religions attribute the ultimate supremacy to God and believe that he is all hearing and all seeing. God is thought of as the creator of the plan of salvation. Latter-day Saints believe that God is the father of all human beings whereas Muslims believe that God whom they call Allah is the creator of all human beings. The perception of God is not entirely same in both the religions but the main idea bear great resemblance. Condemnation of idolatry is another belief both the religions strongly adhere to and any form of idolatry is unacceptable in both Mormonism and Islam. The use of images, idols and mystic symbols in daily worship and places of worship is robustly condemned. This view of Latter-day Saints was confirmed on idolatry when George A. Smith declared in a public discourse in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1855 that Now this man [Muhammad] descended from Abraham and was no doubt raised up by God on purpose to scourge the world for their idolatry. Communal Participation by the respective members of both religions is another practice strongly observed. Both religion lay great emphasis on the remembrance of God and worshiping as a community and in gatherings. Mormons meet in Family Home Evenings (FHE) where they get together and talk about the blessings of God and get close to each other to understand and help with others problems. Muslims also meet five times a day in mosques where they offer their prayers as a group and then discuss community and individual problems; a practice carried out by Prophet Muhammad in his time. Apart from the daily meetings both Mormons and Muslims gather in very large gatherings once a week. The Mormons fulfill their church duties on

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Sundays whereas Muslims get together on Fridays for afternoon prayers and listen to different scholars talking about different issues faced by the community. Fasting is another practice common in both the religions. This practice is common in many other religions but the theme and purpose of fasting is almost the same in Mormonism and Islam. Both the religions believe that fasting is a way to get close to God and worship him with more obedience and attention. It is also to remember the importance of food in ones life and to believe that it is a blessing from God for which one should be thankful to him. It also teaches them to curb ones wishes and desires so that they can gain self-control and adhere to the laws of God as prescribed on them. Mormons and Muslims can fast whenever they want and wish to but both have a prescribed time in which all that is able should fast. Mormons fast every first Sunday of the month. On that day they miss two meals and give the money saved from there and maybe more to poor and needy. Muslims fast in the month of Ramadan which is the 9th month of the lunar calendar. Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset for 30 days on a stretch and celebrate the end of Ramadan with Eid-ul-fitr, something similar to Christmas. Charity is another such practice which is common in many religions but Islam and Mormonism has made it compulsory on its members to pay charity called tithing in Mormonism and Zakat in Islam. This again has the same theme in both religions; i.e., to remove poverty by helping poor, and insure the circulation of money. This also helps bring the poor and rich close as the poor know that the rich cares about their needs and wants. Muslims pays a certain percentage of their wealth in charity. The percentage differs according to different forms of wealth. Mormons, on the other hand, pay ten percent of their total income as tithing.

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Religion is believed to be a way of life by the members of both the religions rather than something that is just confined to the worship places. This is why both religions enjoin on its members different laws which are logical, reasonable, and help one live a prosperous and healthy life. Both religions have dietary laws, laws about modest clothing, and prohibition of adultery. Mormonism and Islam both prohibit the use of any form of drugs which intoxicates the body. Mormonism also forbids the use of caffeine which is allowed in Islam. Islam proscribes the eating of pork which is not illegal in Mormonism. Both religions speak in great details about the need of modest clothing and how it would help in other aspects of life. Both the religions denounce adultery as a whole and have severe punishments for anyone who commits adultery before or out of marriage. Believe in Prophets mentioned in Bible is another common belief in Islam and Christianity as a whole. Latter-day Saints and Muslims however believe in Non-biblical Prophets as well. This belief is only common between these two religions and no other religion. Both Mormons and Muslims believe that God may have sent many different Prophets to different people on earth at different times to guide them to the true path of salvation. Satans rebellion and afterlife has a common theme in both Mormonism and Islam. Mormons believe that Satan whose name is Lucifer was the son of God as was Jesus Christ. God called a counsel and asked all his sons for advice on the plan of salvation. Jesus Christ according to the wishes of God the Father believed in giving everyone agency (free will) to act good or bad. Satan on the other hand, did not believe in giving free will to Gods children and promised to bring all the children back as believers of God. God liked the idea of Jesus Christ which made Lucifer angry and he waged a war against Jesus Christ. God casted out Lucifer from his heavens and he pledged to take revenge by taking the children of God astray from the true path. Muslims
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also believes in a similar situation in which God asked all the angels to bow down in front of Adam as he was a superior being because of his free will. All the angels bowed in front of Adam except Satan whose name was ibliys. He disobeyed God and thats why God casted him out of his heavens. This made ibliys furious and pledged to take revenge of this humiliation by taking Adam and his off springs astray from Gods straight path. The members of both the religions also believe in the physical resurrection of human bodies after which everyone would be held accountable for all his deeds and believes. Mormons believe that everyone would be accountable to Jesus Christ whereas Muslims believe that God is going to judge us for our sins and good deeds. Mormonism and Islam also believe in an ultimate and eternal life for everyone. Mormons believe that God would send different people to the three kingdoms according to their deeds and belief. Some people who because of their sins would not deserve any of the kingdoms and would be sent to outer darkness. Muslims believe that there is a paradise or hell for everyone. This would be given to each individual according to his deeds and believes where they would abide forever. Through this study I have examined prophetic typology in the lives of Muhammad and Joseph Smith. I have shown the typological similarities between the two prophets and have emphasized that these can only be the handy work of God who devised a plan very similar for both the restoring prophets and that such similarities cannot be mere coincidence. I have broken down this part into sub topics talking about their similarities from the time right before their life to their death. Forerunners played an important part in the life of both the prophets. They were people who paved the way and made a scenario for both the prophets to introduce their message to humanity. Joseph Smith had protestant reformists who were concerned about the church being lost and the
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need for the restoration of the church of Jesus Christ. People recognized the deficiency Christianity had fallen into and sought to correct abuses and unscriptural innovations, restoring it to a pure state. Roger Williams, founder of the first Baptist church in America, eventually concluded there was a need for restoration. Cotton Mather said, Mr. Williams [finally] told [his followers] that being himself misled, he had [misled them, and] he was now satisfied that there was none upon earth that could administer baptism [so] he advised them therefore to forego all and wait for the coming of new apostles. In Muhammads case there were people called hunafa who believed in only one God and the religion of Abraham and didnt believe in the 360 idols sitting in kabaa. They were also awaiting a messenger who can restore the lost religion of Abraham and take Arabia back to monotheism. Prophecies about the greatness and prophet hood of both the messengers were done by their lineal ancestors and also by previous Prophets. According to the belief of Muslims this is only common about Joseph Smith and Muhammad whereas Mormons also believe that Jesus Christ was Prophesized by Prophet Moses. Aesal Smith, grandfather of Joseph Smith is quoted to have said that he believed that some part of his family is going to great work for humanity. After reading book of Mormon he felt confident that Joseph Smith is that descendant. Joseph Smith was also prophesized by previous prophets. In the Book of Mormon, the prophet Lehi quotes Joseph of Egypt prophesying that a seer shall the Lord my God raise uphe shall do a workwhich shall be of great worthunto him will I give power to bring forth my word unto the seed of thy loinsAnd his name shall be called after me; and it shall be after the name of his father (2 Nephi 3:67, 11, 15). The Qur'an declares that Muhammad was spoken of in the Bible: Muhammad whom they find written with them in the Taurat (Torah)and the Injeel (Gospel), and Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), said: O Children of Israel! I am the

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Messenger of Allah unto you, confirming the Taurat [(Torah) which came] before me, and giving glad tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad, or Muhammad (Qur'an 7:157; 61:6). Abdul Mutalib, the grandfather of Muhammad also confirmed his grandsons greatness. Once the uncles of Muhammad were driving him out of his grandfathers resting place and on this Abdul Mutalib Said, Let my son alone, for by Allah he has a great future. The call for Prophet Hood arose from similar situation. Joseph Smith was confused about the talks and confusion about the right religion. New York was in a state of chaos over the matters of religion. No one was sure of the right religion and people were distributed into different churches calling each other wrong. Muhammad was facing a similar situation in which his tribesman and fellow Makhans were worshipping many idols and Gods whom he thought cannot even safe themselves. Then he would occasionally meet some Christians and Jews who would talk about one God. He was also influenced by the hunafa and historians believe him to be one of them before the advent of Islam. This confusing scenario drove both the men into isolation and meditation. Joseph Smith, however, knew there was a God whom he can seek for help and thats what he did while in isolation in the woods behind his home. His prayers were answered in 1820 when he received his first vision. In this vision God and Jesus Christ visited him and assured him of his righteousness and told him not to join any existing churches as they were all an abomination. Muhammad had no firm belief of the existence of God. He just could not find it logical to worship idols he can make or destroy himself. This confusion and non acceptance in society due to his beliefs would drag him to a nearby cave called Ghar-e- Hira. He would meditate there for days and one day in the month of Ramadan he got his first revelation through angel Gabriel. An angel appeared to him and commanded him to Read! or Recite!

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Muhammad understood what the angel wantedhe wanted him to prophesy, to speak the word of God. Muhammad refused, saying, I am not a reciter, or poet. The angel then took me and whelmed me in his embrace until he had reached the limit of mine endurance. The angel repeated the command: Recite! Again Muhammad protested, I am not a reciter. The angel repeated the command a third and fourth time, pressing Muhammad with his cloth covering so hard that Muhammad thought he would die. Simply hoping to escape death, Muhammad responded What then shall I read? The angel then recited the first words of what became the Qur'an: Recite in the name of thy Lord who created! He createth man from what appears to be like a clot of blood. Recite: and thy Lord is the Most Bountiful He who hath taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not (Quran 96:15). Angels acted as tutors in the case of both the Prophets. Prophet Muhammad was mostly guided by angel Gabriel and also revealed Quran to him. Joseph smith was visited by angel Moroni and guided him trough many situations and also brought messages from God. Both the Prophets were guided by the respective angels when they use to go astray from the right path. Prophet Muhammad after encountering Gabriel in the cave thought he was possessed by spirit called Jin in Arabic and wanted to commit suicide. It was at this time that he was visited by angel Gabriel who told him O Muhammad! the messenger called, Thou art the apostle of God and I am Gabriel (Qur'an 53:610). On Josephs first visit to the hill Cumorah, Moroni prevented Joseph from removing the record engraved on gold plates because Joseph felt tempted to use them for personal gain. As he reached for the plates, a shock was produced upon his system. A second and third attempt produced more powerful jolts, after which Moroni appeared and rebuked him for being enticed to use the plates improperly.

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Persecutions were another common factor in both the Prophets life. Muhammad and Joseph Smith both had to face many persecutions at the hands of people around them and his enemies. This included economic persecutions, social boycotts, and life threats. There are also remarkable similarities in the way both the men responded and escaped these persecutions. Joseph Smith and Muhammad both did not respond to their enemies in the early part of their mission. They bore all the persecutions without retribution. When they received life threats both men took the same route of migrating to a different land with their followers. Muhammad migrated to Medina where he was welcomed and stayed there for the rest of his life. Joseph Smith had to migrate to a lot of times and to different places in order to escape the resistance. Muhammad and Joseph Smith both acted as the chiefs of their cities in some part of their life. Muhammad was unanimously declared as the chief of Medina and commanded the army of Medina. There were some Jewish and Christian tribes present in Medina but yet they accepted Muhammad as their leader. Despite the resistance faced by Joseph Smith, he also acted as the mayor of Nauvoo. Both men also created a charter for the protection of their followers which is also similar in many ways. The Nauvoo Charter bears so much resemblance to the pact of Medina that this cannot be a mere coincidence, but the handy work of God-the Almighty. The life of Muhammad and Joseph Smith bears so many resemblances either small or big that Todd J. Harris say is his thesis while comparing the two Prophets Many modern observers see Muhammad and Joseph Smith as men who were sincere in their professions, and who have been viewed both within and without their faith communities as well-balanced and compassionate individuals. This shift has demanded a new explanation for their unique similarities. I assert that divine inspiration best explains these congruencies.

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There are some astonishing similarities between the way both the prophets received the books and the way they were delivered to them by God. Quran--the Holy Book of Muslims bears resemblance to both the Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants (D&C). Quran however, is more like D&C according to the content then to Book of Mormon but it holds the same place in the lives of Muslims as Book of Mormon in that of Mormons. Quran has some chapters that speak about the history of other prophets just like book of Mormon but it contains more of situational verses like D&C. The Purpose of these Holy books given to each prophet is completely the same. Latter-day Saints and Muslims both believe Old and New Testament to be from God, but they also believe that these books have been corrupted over time due to the changes made to it by historians while explaining or translating. This is why God sent new messengers with new books which confirm the authenticity of these books but claim the need for new books for the true and correct guidance of humanity. Mormons however, uses Bible as their daily scripture more than Muslims. Muslims do believe that some parts of Bible contains the word of God as Mormons but they also believe that it has been corrupted so much over time that its hard to differentiate between the word of God and the word of historians in Bible. They believe that Quran is the last Testament of God which when followed correctly doesnt leave any doubt to be searched for in any other book. The Miracle of all these Holy Scriptures is that they are from uneducated men. Joseph Smith had formal education up to grade three whereas Muhammad didnt know how to read and write. In short, both men did not possess the worldly knowledge to produce such marvels which are followed by so many people and contain no mistakes at all. Some parts of both the books were revealed to the Prophets by angels and rest by God himself. Both the books speak of revelations

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to the heart and not the mind to clarify that its the duty of God to make the prophets memorize the revelations and not the work of themselves. The Quran and D&C speak of it in a similar way. This is a revelation from the Lord of the universe. The Honest Spirit (Gabriel) came down with it. To reveal it into your heart, that you may be one of the warners. In a perfect Arabic language. (Quran 26; 192-196). The Lord explained to Joseph and Oliver Cowdery that revelation would come in your mind and in your heart, by the Holy Ghost which shall come upon you and which shall dwell in your heart (D&C 8:2). Challenges are given in both the Quran and D&C to humans to produce the like of it. The verses speaking about this challenge is almost similar and warns those who tries and fail and still do not believe. The Quran says, produce a Surah (chapter) of the like thereofBut if you do it not, and you can never do it, then fear the Fire whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for the disbelievers (Qur'an 2:2324). In a similar way the D&C says, a divine dare invited them to select the least of all the revelations and appoint him that is the most wise among you to try and make one like unto it, then ye are justified in saying that ye do not know that they are true; But if ye cannot make one like unto it, ye are under condemnation if ye do not bear record that they are true (D&C 67:68). The similarities between the two religions cannot be a mere coincidence. Therefore, we should believe that its the handy work of God. This utter resemblance of both the religions should make us ponder and research more into this topic. The deep and thorough comparative study of both the religions would reveal so much more and help us understand the perspectives of both the religions. The similarities in the beliefs and practices, lives of the two prophets, and the holy books invite us to explore this topic more and give it a sincere effort. My efforts here are to simply bring awareness to my readers that we should study both the religions and learn from

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them to achieve the ultimate goal of salvation. As Eduard Meyer a German Writer said, Of the many new religious movements originating in our time, Mormonism very early awakened my interest, especially because of its surprising and close resemblance to the historical development of Islam. . . . Without the least exaggeration, we may designate the Mormons as the Mohammedans of the New World according to their origins and their manner of thinking. There is hardly a historical parallel which is so instructive as this one; and through comparative analysis both receive so much light that a scientific study of one through the other is indispensable.

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Critique

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Here comes everybody Many professional journalists have met the progress of citizens journalism with disapproval. It is seen as a threat to the traditional journalism society. The article Media insiders say internet hurts journalism states In a poll of prominent members of the national news media, nearly two thirds say the internet is hurting journalism more than it is helping it (Master). An editor at Pakistans Dawn newspaper, Hajrah Mumtaz shares the same opinion in her article Here comes everybody, challenging the authenticity of online citizens journalism. She argues that it is for most part unreliable because it is open to all and the material is not carefully chosen due to the absence of a filtration process. She further implies that citizens journalism can be used to carry out personal agendas and manipulate the public accordingly. Using a theoretical approach to the subject, she bases her argument on speculation rather than factual evidence. Here comes everybody presents us with certain incorrect information, the authors bias and does not provide a refutation of the opposing argument. Hajrah Mumtaz begins her article by briefly stating the two sides surrounding the internet media controversy. One that is for it and the other that is against it. She then agrees with certain parts of both the sides but then quickly moves on to construct her argument in favor of traditional journalism by highlighting the two major disadvantages of citizens journalism: the ambiguous nature of its authenticity and its misuse as a medium for shaping public opinion. She does so by providing the examples of two videos that appeared on the internet some time ago. One of a girl being flogged by the Taliban and the other of men dressed as Pakistani soldiers ruthlessly beating other men in interrogation. Concentrating on the anonymity of these videos the author proceeds to focus her argument on their questionable credibility. Solely relying on her conjecture, she argues that the videos could have been fabricated to bring attention to those
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issues and that if they had been released to a proper media channel, a reporter would bear full responsibility for them. Analyzing her work reveals much more. A critical scrutiny shows coherence in ideas along with some shortcomings in the article. The author arranges her argument in a well-organized logical order. She begins by stating the controversy of citizens journalism, describing both the sides for and against it and then constructs her argument in opposition to citizens journalism. To conclude she tells us why formal journalism is favorable. Her tone is speculative and no concrete reference supporting the argument is provided. The author leaves the word Shariah undefined. It is an Islamic system of law and order. Although Journalists can better relate to the article there is no specific intended audience. Generally an easy read, there is no jargon or difficult choice of words. She also confines the word journalism to news which is actually just one of journalisms many aspects. Hajrah Mumtazs bias is revealed when she says that journalists do their job well because they are paid for it. This is perhaps because she herself is a journalist employed at one of Pakistans most successful newspaper corporations. Perhaps due to insufficient research, the author has also presented certain incorrect data. Invalid statements regarding the flogging video and failing to provide refutation to opposing views weaken the authors argument. Firstly the author considers the source of the flogging video to be unidentified. According to the New York Times the video was provided to the media by Samar Minallah. .... Samar Minallah, a rights activist. Ms Minallah said she distributed the video to local news outlets after it was sent to her by someone from Swat three days ago (Masood). Secondly she assumes that the time and place of the flogging are unknown. This assumption is false for the Los Angeles Times reports But area residents said the incident had taken place two weeks ago in the village of Kala Kalae (Zaidi

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and King). Lastly Hajrah Mumtaz claims anyone could have dressed up as the Taliban and that the video could have been an act to bring attention to the issue. This is also the main component of her argument which concerns the unreliability of citizens journalism. What she is perhaps unaware of is that the Taliban did actually admit responsibility. Reached by phone, Taliban spokesman Muslim Khan claimed responsibility for the flogging(Walsh).Besides this, the author does not provide any explanation or refutation of the side supporting citizens journalism. She shows complete disregard for any form of unity between citizens journalism and formal journalism where both could work alongside to provide better quality news to a wider audience. Many professional journalists believe that the technological advances in the internet as an online platform where the public can post its views will prove to be a helping hand to journalism. The president, media at Thompson Reuters says Second, journalism will do more than survive the internet age, it will thrive (Ahearn). It will make professional journalism more competitive hence only the talented shall carry on. There is no hindrance in citizens journalism to publish candid news as it is unlike in formal journalism where many a times much is filtered out due to higher orders or political ties. The media often faces the pressure to tell what it is told to tell while online people usually tell what there is to tell: the truth. The author requires more evidence for her argument which itself is theoretical in nature. The examples of two videos out of which facts regarding one are mostly incorrect, are not suffice. The inaccurate information also defeats the purpose of the argument which is to show that formal journalism is more reliable and accurate than citizens journalism. Hajrah Mumtaz has had insignificant success in achieving the objective of her article. With a lack of evidence, a disproved opposition and false information, she presents a feeble argument

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that is also biased in view. It is untrue that someone who is paid will do a better job than someone who is not. Many of those who are unpaid are motivated by their passion for journalism and their zeal to spread awareness. The cost of being a professional journalist increases day by day as the internet reaches out to more and more individuals. It is in the best interest of formal journalism to stop complaining and make profitable use of the rapid progress of citizens journalism which will otherwise strike a financial blow to the news business and hinder independent reporting.

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Incident at Vichy

Incident at Vichy, directed by Jim Cherry, tells a story of 9 men and a boy in the southern half of the France. This play shows fear , confusion and heroism among people , who were caught up in 1942 roundup of Jews carried out by local police in occupied France under the orders of the Nazis. The most difficult tasks in this play were to represent the College theatre performance in a very realistic way, more realistic than other plays, as Incident at Vichy was based on true story and to show the audience the depressing look into peoples psyche and morality in the time of the Holocaust. The most fascinating aspect about Incident at Vichy was that although it was a play, but the director raised the bar of the realism to such a height that I never felt for a moment that the things which were taking place are part of the play. Rather, I was so involved that the play appeared a real life experience for me. Instead of discussing Incident at Vichy as a whole I would explain the moments which caught my attention the most and had some sort of lesson behind it which compel the audience to think. Secondly I would discuss theatrical technicalities, like absence of music and constant lightning, which gave the play a realistic touch. First, I would cast some light on the gunshot scene. The explosive sound of the gun shot had a significant effect on audience. I believe that gun shot was loud and intense because it was supposed to make audience frightened and shocked, which it successfully did. Nobody was expecting the sound of the ear piercing real gun shot. The gun shot made the atmosphere of the theatre so alive that you asked yourself a question that does that really going on or its just the play. I got so involved that my senses were completely taken over by that one loud sound and my heart started to beat fast as I felt the danger and fear. The gunshot seemed a life endangering situation. But behind this gunshot, there was a hidden message for all the audience. Major was hesitating in the beginning to carry out the orders. He hated himself to carry out the job. I think there was a guilt inside him which was restricting him to perform his assigned task. The gun shot was the breaking point where he had to decide where his allegiance lies. It was also a signal to everyone to shut up and get on with the job he was required to perform. The other good thing which director achieved to give the play a realistic look was the stage setting. The entire play takes place in a place of detention. The scenography of this play consisted of the long two benches facing an open area, many boxes on the sides of the stage, a corridor leading off the stage and an abandoned building which was merely the office of the Nazi Germans. The set was big, but there were too many things on the stage which gave the set a compressed look. But the movement around the stage was not hindered by its compact size. This shows how well the settings and the spaces on the stage were utilized. I believe the purpose of this type of the setting was to depict the detention camp in World War II and to give a feeling of uneasiness to the real characters at that time. As an audience I felt that how frightened an individual would be if he was one of the detainees in the place like that without knowing the reason. Moreover, one scene which I clearly remember was the opening and
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shutting of the offices door. As soon as the door opened one can easily hear the loud voices of the German soldiers and when it gets closed, there was a complete silence. I was really amazed by this as it left me wandering what is happening inside whenever the door get closed and made me to appreciate the directing. One of the reasons why I liked this act was that I have watched many plays back home in which similar kind of skills were needed to perform the act, this act in Incident at Vichy was by far carried out with most perfect precision I have ever experienced. One more approach adopted by the director was to keep the effect of the lighting same throughout the play. Normally, lightning in any play is use to describe the variation in moods and the intensity of the particular moment. This play had different moments, each with its own emotional intensity. But I believe that the director did not use lightning effects because he wanted to transport the audience to the period of 1940s and take back the audience to history. One more reason for constant lightning might be that constant change of lightning makes the play look more vibrant .On the other hand, constant lightning makes it look somber. Furthermore; absence of music gave the play more realistic touch. Generally, music in most of the play represents happiness and celebrations. Music can express sorrow too, but true sorrow can only be expressed when dialogue of the actors are left for the audience to interpret and to fell the sorrow and pain coming out of those words. Just before the end of the play, there was a scene which I really admired and had a powerful message. The scene involved the German soldier, Von Berg and the Old Jew. Major proceeded towards an Old Jew who was not moving from his position when he was being called for document checking. In order to forcefully drag the Old Jew inside the office, the German soldier just ripped apart his pillow. This scene made me to think about that tearing of the pillow and its relation to the Holocaust. I perceive the tearing of the pillow as the tearing of the lives of the millions of Jews by the Nazi German. Each feather inside the pillow represented the hope of the German Jew. The ripping of pillow into thousand pieces or feather was symbolic to Nazi tearing apart the hopes of the Jews. I believe the feather should have fallen on the Von Berg too, who was the Austrian prince. The reasons behind that is he knew what the Nazi German were doing this injustice to the Jews. Irrespective of knowing everything, he refrained himself of taking any action in order to stop the atrocities and brutal killing of Jews by the German. These cruelties of Nazi Germany are something which he could have stopped but he did nothing.

After the play, I thought about a moment that how some scenes have such a meaningful message behind them. I was answered by the fact that it is a skill required by the director to connect the dots of the actions and the message behind those actions. I believe that the director has to do a lot to execute a particular scene in such a way which is interpretable by the audience, so that they can comprehend the hidden message easily. Director of Incident at Vichy executed some
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scenes, which have deep meaning, in a way that was easily comprehended by majority of the audience. I think one of the biggest traumas for any director is that to direct the act which is not easily understood by the audience. But Incident at Vichy took every one back to the history and every scene was easily comprehended by the audience. Lastly, I want to say that this play for indeed realistic portrayal of Incident at Vichy which succeeded in highlighting the themes of morality, heroism and injustice. It completely took me back to the history and I felt that I am watching some real life story out of my window.

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Quran and Kalashnikov

A documentary by BBC, Quran and Kalashnikov is a terrific amalgam of different explanations about the new distorted spirit of Jihad: the supposed sixth pillar of Islam. The hazy nascent definitions of Jihad have led people to a wide- ranging gale of unreturned questions and abrupt conclusions, making them wonder as to which interpretation of Jihad they should follow. The documentary unveils the answers to this enigmatic happening. What was the true essence of Jihad; how the concept of tranquility was changed to one of violence; what made it change and what was the aftermath of this phenomenon of change, Quran and Kalashnikov is the answer. It talks into detail about the deformed image of Jihad, how did it happen and the changes that resulted due to these alterations in the concept of Jihad. It talks about the Soviet Afghan war and its aftershocks, and also highlights other armed conflicts that took place in the Islamic world. It gives an account of the rise of Osama Bin Laden and Taliban. Dialogues and conversations of numerous high ranking U.S officials such as Congressman Dana Rohrabacher, CIAs senior officer Milt Bearden and U.S. Presidents Advisor Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski greatly contributes towards the credibility of the documentary. All this began with the invasion of Afghanistan by the communist atheist regime of the USSR. This war was given the notion of a holy war and as the movie depicts that for Muslims, fighting against Soviet was considered a religious sacrifice and a mean to reap gigantic benefits in the hereafter. U.S called it a callous attempt to overtake an Islamic country by an atheist communism and opposed it. Along with them came the whole world. The Soviets however, paid no heed to the global opposition. United States, wearing the disguise of a humanitarian, provided these fighters with tremendous financial and armed assistance. Denoting U.S.S.R as a transgressor and an evil nation, U.S fueled the on-going bedlam by rendering full support to Afghan guerillas and its ally Pakistan, and thus galvanized this aggressive violent definition of Jihad. But what U.S actually intended to do was to demolish the Soviet hegemony and that is exactly what happened. They were successful

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in giving U.S.S.R, what Americans referred to as, the Vietnam of Soviets. The U.S gambit worked out nicely and the concept of Soviet invulnerability, invincibility and historical inevitability was wiped out as the empire fell down. The altered Jihad propagates in the Iranian revolution as well. The key essence of Iranian revolution was the separation of politics and religion. The people were tired of Shahs tyranny and autocracy hence an air of discontentment was spread in Iran. When Soviet was classified as an enemy of Islamic civilization and more and more Muslims were encouraged for participation in war against Soviet, the new conception of Jihad-lessholy war was promoted. The definition of Jihad was disseminated among Muslims as a sanctified war, a war against evil forces. More and more Muslims referred it to as a consecrated path which designated the use of resistance against malevolence. Under the misconception of Jihad as worship on the battlefield, gained from Soviet Afghan war, Jihad was the call of Ayatollah Khomeini who mobilized Iranian Muslims which resulted in dismantling of the rule and hence revolution. So as the time moved on, Jihad grew more aggressive and more hostile. The Soviet Afghan war was predominantly a war between Islam and atheism, if not, was portrayed that way. The U.S publicly and openly opposed Soviet intervention arguing that it was an attack on Islam and such an attack on religion by a atheist state is cruel. Yet again, the concept of holy war was so deeply infused in the Muslim blood, that it has remained until today. For a Muslim fighter oppression on any Muslim in any part of the world is a motive for jihad. A significant reason of this continued belief was the immediate departure of U.S after Soviet defeat. Muslims fighters felt like they were betrayed and deceived. This contributed towards their intense code of conduct and this is how it gained such an iniquitous shape. One of the reasons that can be attributed to the Soviet invasion is the threat encroaching on the Soviet supremacy posed by the Muslim states that were under its control. The Soviets designated this stir in the

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Muslims as the awakening of Islamic fundamentalism: a threat to the existing order. So, to avoid the surge of any future resistance from these states, Soviet sought a solution in invading Afghanistan. This threat played a major role towards the Soviets defeat in the region as it swayed people belonging to several national identities to raise arms against U.S.S.R. This was the most impulsive factor that persuaded Pakistan to go to war against the Soviets. This has been highlighted in H. A Rizvis reading. The spotlight of Hassan Askari Rizvis reading is the peril faced by Pakistan had Afghanistan been invaded. Relations between Pakistan and Soviet Union werent of a healthy nature through most of the pages of history. Pakistan felt threatened by Soviets intrusion on its neighboring nation and felt the same threat for herself. There was no assurance that once Soviets have invaded Afghanistan, they wont strike Pakistan. The documentary and Rizvis reading highlights this threat which forced Pakistan into the war. Thus Pakistans foreign policy took a 180degree turn and sided with Afghans. Pakistani territory was used and training camps were set up in Pakistan especially Peshawar. Another dynamic factor of Pakistans involvement was the financial and military support provided by the United States. As mentioned in Quran and Kalashnikov, Reagan administration announced an aid of billions of dollars to fight the Soviets. H.A Rizvi also focuses on this aspect. An aid of about U.S $ 3.2 billion and $ 4.2 billion was provided by the United States in the first and second six-year plan respectively. Pakistan, A financially- crippled and a newly-born state, seized this opportunity and United States found a perfect ally to rely upon in Pakistan. A terrible mistake made by the U.S on which both the documentary and the reading fully agree is the immediate withdrawal of forces from the region following Soviet defeat. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia were the only ones left with the obligation to carry out rehabilitation in the Afghanistan. It was extremely difficult for Pakistan to deal with the post-withdrawal problems all alone. Already victimized by instability and disorder, it

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was a huge task for Pakistan to deal with Afghanistans problems like a suitable government, restoration of law and order and rehabilitation of refugees. Documentary also talks about the rise of Taliban. Training and education camps were set up in Afghanistan where only one type of knowledge was rendered to the students; the knowledge of Jihad. CIA and ISI were the main instructors who rendered the primary skills to these fighters. These camps and centers are todays terrorism-teaching-spots. Afterwards, when these Mujahideen were condemned by U.S itself, who was predominantly responsible for their rise, the Taliban regime rose and consolidated under the veteran Osama Bin Laden a reaction to the prior U.S betrayal and present condemnation. The documentary highlights the role of media in creating the present image of Muslims as fundamentalists. The same point was highlighted by Edward W. Said in his article Islam through western eyes. His article stipulates the same fact that media has played a vital role in distorting the image of Muslims. They present their struggle for freedom as an oppressive measure of extremism, hiding the anguish and the agony that forced them to raise weapons. They present a brief truncated version of reality posing Muslims as warlords and gods of war. The understanding that this documentary renders is that Jihad has been transported to several countries in the world and is no longer holy. Jihad, the message of peace and epiphany has been corroded and eclipsed by a false analogy which describes it as a war game. Those who were tagged as protagonists in this phenomenon are now the desperados, all this done by those who are real actors that are identified yet unpunished.

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Now its Time for Generation Next The author Anna Quindlen writes about what she feels the 19th century has unfolded in the text from the Loud and Clear and how it will be remembered. She gives a hopeful beginning by attempting to wish what if a few turn of events had been different in the 19th century and then perhaps things might have turned out differently. In discussion her writing style one can safely assume that she is hopeful for a better tomorrow and writes optimistically about the next generation to come. Moreover, if logically tries to prove her cognition for her belief in the youth by differentiating the next generation with the present one by giving examples such as how the younger generation is much more interesting, more confident, less hidebound and uptight, better educated, more creative and more unafraid than the earlier generation. She also emphasizes on the fact that the younger generation does not create biases and discrimination based on creed, religion, gender and ethnicity. And they are certainly less if not absent in the hearts and feelings of the younger generation. However, unfortunately she is unable to deny the certain negative attributes of the youth in her evaluation such as them being spoiled, overindulged and powered by medication and video games and being foul mouthed and part of examples full of school violence. None the less regardless of these facts to sum up the text she ends again on a positive note and optimistically hopes for a better future.

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Short Stories

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A SLEEPY-HEAD CURSED!

It was bliss. A sensation that cannot be put into words. A mixture of pride and honor. What could be more than receiving the all-time-high programming skills award from none other than the renowned figure of the world, Bill Gates. Cameras flashing, crowd cheering and waving-the scene casted an Oscar Awards look. Taking bold steps towards ultimate fame of the world, shaking hands with Gates, receiving certificate and a cash award of 10 million dollars. One couldnt have even vision this day in his wildest dreams. Still not being able to contain this is actually happening there was a shriek. Turning around to see the source of the shriek, a shoe hit me square on the face sending me off my rockers! I gathered myself, got up and found myself in a rain of shoes. Arms shielding the face, trying to dodge as many shoes as possible approaching as bullets, running to find cover. The stage on which a moment ago I was receiving the award now seemed like a coliseum with me in the middle and a rain of shoes from the crowd. Confused; I didnt know what happened or why did it happen. This remained a mystery for there was an ear-splitting yell from the unruly mob that brought me back to my senses. Shazil TURN THAT HORRIBLE THING OFF! I heard my mom yelling from the other room. Its the same old thing each day. I always thought my cousin Haris was a bit wicked, but this evil present of his on my birthday has proven to me beyond doubt about his diabolical designs. Maybe it was his revenge on me breaking his favorite cricket bat, a birthday present that turned out to be an old pair of torn socks, a promised feast never given, or the usual pranks taken severely. Still the reason could never have been that worse to have lead him to such an evil scheme. Call it Haris prank, wickedness or conspiracy but this apparent present of his has turned out to be a curse in reality. This little gifted contraption could be seen sitting on my bedrooms table, as though it owns it, with a rather menacing look. Come a bit closer-it shrieks, stay away and it shrieks anyway. This thing just loves shrieking -compared to its counterparts that merely sing melodies. It gets evil, for it loves to shriek when a person is in a deep, profound sleep lost in a world of sweet dreams. This creation is an open secret of mans evil designs. Ridiculous as it seems but this gifted Alarm Clock of mine is the evilest a thing could get. Beginning with its evil shrieking noise that it simply cant resist to produce in order to shake one up from a sound sleep. This thing is responsible for the shattering of my sensational late night dreams. It doesnt even let me do day dreaming. It is diabolically automated - knows when a person is doing the thing it loves to shatter. The shrieking gets worse every passing moment until you are forced to leave the softness and warmth of your bed to shut it up. Shrewd, as this thing is; it does not shut up that easily. You are required to constantly press the snooze button while gently patting it from above. Show some temper and you are sure to receive some piercing shrieks in return. To add to the wickedness of this contraption- this thing is indestructible. I cant forget the day I got infuriated as the Alarm Clock had yet again shattered a rather beautiful dream of mine. Furious; I took my dads mallet, placed the Alarm in the hitting position and WHAM! I busted
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my own thumb instead. Dont know how my thumb came in the way. I had to be hospitalized for two months though. Once I decided to undo the device and tear out the shrieking speaker once and for all. I tried whole day long to undo the screws but it was a futile effort for the screws had been so tightly jammed in as though the inventor knew losers like me would someday try to dislodge the device. This Clock is cursed. For how much I tried, I could never get rid of it. I once gifted it to a friend of mine. This friend, must have learnt the wickedness of the contraption, gifted it to his friend. Who in turn gifted it to his friend. This continued, and the Clock finally found its way to me again. This Clock is a nightmare. It continues to haunt me in my beautiful dreams. Stirring me up from profound slumber. Its a curse on me for the rest of my life. For all the tortures and torments in this cruel world what could be more than torturing the life of an innocent sleepy-head with an evil device like this one.

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Innocence Nothing is going to change, they say, everything will remain in this way and no one is going to take any step in order to bring about revolution, in order to bring about good changes. Nothing seems to be alright indeed. But not is the case with me. I will not let it happen and I will bring the positive change in my country. At first, like other hopeless people, I also started to think like them that no matter what, we can never bring about any revolution in this country. The same country which once gave us peace of mind and hope to take a new start, when it was blessed with the name of Pakistan on 14th of August 1947 and when we got our own country to live. Some people believed that this partition of subcontinent should not have happened, and some believed that it happened so that we can practice our own Muslim ideologies. I believe that it happened so that we can learn how to protect our own precious asset, how we should take care of it , if something bad happens to it, how we should take things back on the right track, if our leaders are not helping citizens, how we should make them realize that they are not doing good to people and make them to change their minds. It all happened so that we can learn to take a stand for us in order to live with freedom, peace and integrity, in a place, which we can call it our Own land. But one thing that our people have learned effectively is to Criticize. Whenever something bad happens around them, they criticize. Whenever something good happens, they criticize that they should have gotten better. Whenever something bad happens to their fellow beings, they criticize that they themselves made a mistake and it is the result of their own mistake rather than helping them to come out of the bad circumstances. Whenever something good happens to their fellow beings, they criticize that they should have gotten the real credit of it rather than getting happy for them. Today, my country is hardly surviving. It is going through turmoil at the moment, due to political, economic and natural disasters. Politicians are not ready at all for the formulation of solutions to the problems which has led to poverty, selfishness, helplessness and no option has left for the poor people rather to commit suicide. Once, I also tried the same thing after seeing all these circumstances in my country. Seeing people dying of thirst, hunger and now even for shelter due to floods. Seeing people dying in front of my eyes due to suicidal bomb attacks on daily basis and seeing that the flag of my country is not flowing smoothly through the strong wind. After trying to commit suicide, I realized that I was dreaming. But it was a dream to make me realize, that suicide is not the way to get out of all these problems. If I will commit suicide, then who will make things right in my country and who will take a stand against all the wrongdoings, against injustice, against irregularity and most importantly who will bring Hope among the hearts of people who have lost everything in floods and bomb blasts. So, I went to inject peace and hope to the flag which was not keeping pace with the strong winds and has stopped to flow and has stopped to face with the
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difficulties. As soon as I tried to inject hope in my flag, it started to flow through the strong winds. And at that time I realized that if only I, being small can bring about change in my country, can make things to flow in the right manner, can make my people to fight with the bad circumstances, then why can't others even try to make this happen. Why people has stopped helping others knowing that they are in great need of having a shoulder on which they can cry out their all pains, why people have become insensitive to all the disasters happening in our beloved country, why they see a bomb blast at one side and on the other side they go at their place and get busy on their planned schedule of having a party, why people see all the dead bodies from their own eyes of the flood victims, seeing them dying of thirst and hunger and begging for shelter and then on the other side they just switch of their televisions, make little donations but never think to take care of them by going at their place personally and ask them if they are alright and see their real pains from their own eyes and try to make things better for them. It's time that we should do something. It's time that we should bring about a revolution, not with the power of money or assets but with the power of words, writings, and speech and most importantly with the spirit of brotherhood, integrity and unity.

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"MOIST EYES THAT GOT WET IN THE END"

Wall that never had enough bricks! I being very close to that wall can witness the shattered wall which never had enough force to resist the upcoming encounters .all the bricks were laying helplessly on the ground .at some dark corner on the other side of the wall; I could see a brick with whom I was deeply associated. A brick which had so much in its mind was now lying in the boulevard of broken dreams. That brick was called SAAD KHAN I always used to keep record of SAADs attendance as he was highly careless in that regard. I never had to make my way toward the monthly struck off list but if t ever did so then it was just too see 530 Walla roll number of Saad khan. The day came, pushing through the flock of ravian sheeps I got the chance to glimpse at struck off list. There it was, ironically speaking the shinning roll number of Saad khan. On hearing his sleepy voice over the phone I started to scold him in my seldom see mocking style. I and all my friends who had been struck off went to the cafs garden for our celebration. The noise of our celebration was so dominating that it over shadowed the laugh of FUTURE Satan who was smiling at our backs. We took that easy! The day started to pass! The tension started to mount; I couldnt help it. All the bricks started to race towards registrars office and returned back with all hopes lost; I couldnt help it. Their career was on the stake; I couldnt help it. The tears were frozen by now; I COULDNT HELP IT. Saad was beleaguered by such turmoil that he had almost lost the sense of realization. He didnt even know about the situation he was into, but later he got INFORMED. I started to yell at him to go for those so called illegal ways that is coracandum*, he didnt agree to it and moved on with those illegal ways he forgot that GCU was in PAKISTAN, He was thrown back. He was like a coin tossed up in the air, which never knew that instead of celebrating a head he will be caught by a tail. 4:30 AM 4 DEC The bricks never got enough momentum. I Saad and Omair were on the way to drop Saad khan to Daewoos bus stop. We tried to drag that moment as long as we could. He was on to catch the bus which goes to Islamabad. The moment arrived; he hugged me for the final time and said I had the greatest tine of my life with you all. Knowing that my words wont alter his decision I reluctantly said NA JAA YAAR. He smiled at me and my eyes got MOIST; I COULDT HELP IT. While going on a bus he heard a song KISI KA YAAR NA BICHARAI, his eyes
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got wet; HE COULDNT HELP IT. TODAY! All the bricks which were thrown apart have started to come close. The bricks have started to climb up, started to rebuild themselves. Now I could see a wall proudly started to rise. ALL IN ALL THERE IS ANOTHER BRICK IN THE WALL. All those broken dreams has started to show there color I am also the part of that wall. You know what it was a true story, now a true moment. IT REALLY BEGINS A BEGINNING! BELIEVE ME IT REALLY DOES!

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Aizahs misfortune Her name was Aizah and I remember her smilingly beautifully when she first came as my neighbor Ijazs new wife. Ijaz, once a healthy and muscular man, had been reduced to skin and bones in recent times. He was a man destroyed by alcohol. He had been to the hospital several times and mostly half-conscious being dragged by his servants. Although he had a family, there was no one he could call his own. Hed lived in our colony for nearly fourteen years. Whenever Aizah, his then separated wife came, usually during her daughters summer vacation, she was mostly indoors, and she rarely mixed with anyone. How could she? No neighbor was particularly inclined to talk to a woman whod left her husband alone to fend for him. Most women of the colony said that his drinking problem was because of her. When she first came after getting married to Ijaz, Aizah was a fresh-faced bride, bubbly, and always bursting with laughter. She was shy among new people but great once she opened up. Ijaz was doing great as an executive in a private firm while she had a part-time job at a college. They were a great couple. Their in-law would visit frequently. They socialized well and had a great atmosphere at home but even then Ijaz had an occasional drink but Aizah never complained, it was rare and he never did anything bad though she didnt like it when her little ones knew that Dad had had a drink. Shed always put them to bed early that night though she knew that her eldest, Ali, knew why. He was so perceptive even though he was so young. The younger twins, Hira and Kulsoom, never knew why and always cried and protested though eventually, as theyd grow older, there would be no escape from reality. Ijazs occasional drink became a glass every day, then two and eventually he was drunk all the time. It had been almost eight years since marriage with Aizah that his drinking started and it

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took a few years till he became an alcoholic, by then Ali was almost thirteen while the twins were around nine. Aizah confessed to her that she felt that everything in the house reeked of alcohol and that Ijazs alcohol was becoming a strain on the budget. He used to bring money home on the first and theyd plan it out. Now Aizah had to do with the little she could find left-over in his pockets and that she made from her part-time job. Soon she decided to shift her children to her mothers home and take a full-time job to support Ijaz. She just couldnt handle the children and Ijaz at the same time. Ijaz became worse day by day. He had stopped working and would be friends with anyone whod give him a loan. He started with the neighbors and ended on the guards and servants of the colony. Aizah had to return these debts to make sure a scene wasnt created. He would sometimes hit Aizah for money as well. Aizahs friend, Mashal, convinced her that she should get a divorce. Aizah told her that the reason she wasnt getting a divorce because her family was taking care of her children now but they were a traditional family, she wasnt sure about what it will be like if she got divorced. She knew they loved her, but she was so afraid of life now. Mashal told her that whatever happens, she and her husband would take care of her and the at the worst case, she and her children could come live with them. Aizah still took another year to finally ask Ijaz for a divorce, but the decision came from the seed planted by Mashal a year ago. She met Mashal the day she decided to ask for a divorce and talked to her again. Mashal was as supportive as ever and this encouraged Aizah, a person so dejected from life that any friend sounded great to her. Soon enough, Aizah and Ijaz were

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divorced though not without difficulty. Ijaz had been stubborn but Mashals husband took care of it mostly. He was a good man. After her divorce, Aizah went straight to her parents home with the little money she had left as she didnt have enough to get her own place. She wasnt welcomed at her home as she was when she came there running away from her drunk husband. They saw her as a deserter and even the women who came to their house to meet her mother, gave her odd looks. The servants wouldnt listen to her. Even her own father, though he wanted to be nice, was forced by her mother to turn away from her. The children who were being lovingly raised till Aizah lived with a drunk man who beat her were suddenly strangers in the house, they came from a bad woman. Aizah lived with them for a few days before calling Mashal for help. Mashal insisted that Aizah come straight to her with her children but not to tell her family who she was going to as Mashal didnt want to get involved in all that. Aizah was so happy that she left the very next day, after all why would she question such a great friend, why would she let go of the first helping hand in so many years. Aizah went back to the city the next morning with her children to Mashals house. She left early and told no one. Mashal was the most welcoming person, she met all her children with happiness and had already prepared two rooms for the family. Mashals husband came in the evening with a friend, a weird friend if you ask Aizah, he wasnt the sort shed trust but Mashal asked her to meet him. He was a man of few words and sounded fine. He was nice enough to ask about her children and even met them, praising Ali on his height. A few days passed after this and Aizah still hadnt gotten her old job back since Mashal insisted she stay home and rest for a few days. She and her children were inside the house all the time

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since Mashal said that they should stay inside till she could get the right story going around in the neighborhood. That night, Aizah was sleeping when she heard someone entered her room quietly. She woke up when she her mouth was suddenly grabbed to stop her from saying anything and the light was turned on. She was the same man she met the first day she came to Mashals. Mashals husband was there as well with another man. He was holding Ali while the other one held the little twins. Aizah was scared. They tied her and the children up and carried them down to the cars. They put the children in one car and Aizah in the other. Aizah could see from the corner of her eye, the man meeting Mashals husband. They shook hands and an envelope was exchanged. A few days after that, Aizahs body was found in a dustbin near the citys red light district though no one to this day knows what happened to her children.

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THE FEELING I CALL SATISFACTION This story is based on one of my most beloved achievement in high school.

Finally I had my chance, two more classes and then the real test for which I had been preparing myself all these years. Even the very thought of it made the hair on the back of my neck stand. It was nothing new for me, how could it be after all those years of practicing whenever I could fancy sometime off the regular schedule. Sometimes it felt like I was meditating but this act of spirituality was still incomplete; at least until that day. Right outside my class room the bell rang and broke the silence. One more period I said to myself. I looked out of the class room window. The sun was out shinning as bright as ever yet the heat had a soothing effect; a perfect spring day. I searched the class room to find something amusing which could help me kill time, but my search ended in vain. Suddenly I realized something, a connection between me and the room I had been sitting in. It was the same class room where all this had started. I was in the same particular room four years back. The chemistry teacher entered the class room while I was still amusing myself with the coincidence and started scribbling some formulas on the board. He turned around to ask questions but I had already drifted away from the class. It was my third day in high school when I saw a senior standing outside our classroom. He looked at the teacher in a manner as if asking for some sort of permission. The teacher nodded in acknowledgment and he entered the room. I had no idea why he was in our class room. Arent you a bit seasoned for this class? questioned a boy sitting at the back. The whole class erupted into a giggle but our senior was in no mood for jokes. His face was stern-actually a bit seriousand he moved swiftly towards the center of my class room. He was dressed in an efficient manner: beard shaved, shoes shinning and had his hair gelled back. He remained silent for a minute but his eyes told me that he was on a mission which he knew he would accomplish. The curiosity amongst the students had risen considerably and it was then that he started talking or rather taking over us. In the next five minutes he was in control of my emotions as if an expert masseur was playing with my pressure points. The way he gave a speech about the people, who sustain life long injuries while working in factories, it just moved me completely. He had his way with words and he knew that himself very well. By the time he finished his speech, 200 rupees note slipped out of my pocket as a reflex. He surely had the power to convince; his mission accomplished. But that was not it. His small yet effective speech had left a long lasting impact on me. Charity is something that people do at their own will but this man proved to me that there are ways of asking and convincing. I was definite that I had to learn these ways. This man had come up with a simple, effective and an ingenious plan through which he could touch souls and was able to do something for humanity. Soon I started making up my own speeches in my mind that could really spread the magic. I would stand in front of a mirror and practice for hours in an attempt to improvise and create a
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perfect speech, one that could not only match my seniors speech but also surpass it. The bell rang again and I realized it was time to act. My classes for the day were over but I still had work to do. I waited for some time allowing students to settle into their respective rooms and then walked past the corridor. I found a class room full of junior students who were having a hard time concentrating on the lecture. I was granted the permission to enter as the boys watched curiously. I quickly found a central place from where all the students could see me and hear me in particular. I started off slowly describing the problems faced by poor people especially once they fell ill. I went on and on talking about the problems they faced especially in a country like Pakistan where the government was unable to meet the basic necessities of people. When I lay down the statistics in front of them most of the students were amused with the level of problems faced by the poor people of my country. Most of the eyes were locked at me and young minds concentrating on what I was trying to explain to them and I could feel the sense of responsibility growing in them. So I would like you all no matter how much, I need you people to contribute but before I could finish off my sentence I could sense it or rather I was able to see it; the pockets and wallets were loosening. It was a dj vu for me. I rolled the money and put it safely in my pocket. It was not at all a bad start, it was actually brilliant. All that hard work was finally paying off; I was having a satisfaction of my lifetime which grew exponentially as I moved from one class room to another, stacking money rolls in my pocket for the first time in my life not for me but for others. That year I was able to collect money for numerous charity organizations and ultimately became head of charity organizations at my high school the following year but what mattered most was the way I was able to convince people to help the less privileged. I made a difference with just mere play of words.

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Poems

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Fallacy A cruel summer day, with outrageous sun. In the scorching heat, I endlessly run all the promises that were made, but not kept. Pining for places of peace, there were none left. In the extreme called helplessness, I run to every fallacy Hoping against hope, I Crave a little mercy denied of compassion in vicious swirls, my roads turned on me like twisting curls but I moved with my head held straight, and fought all the way the engulfing hate the forlorn dream that had to come true, the disappeared doors, I had to walk through I wont profess I must confess I wasnt a hero through it all Had more than my fair share of fall But Id kept trying and didnt lose heart, But I knew, the end does follow a start. The struggle and pain did reach far I realized it takes burning to be a star In the gloom and the dark, I was shining like a gleaming arc in the very deception was the inception another dream, another conception

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ABANDONED Dreading the noise, the starry sky and the lights, I found myself slipping into the deepest shadows of my plight. Losing all my strength, having no desire to fight, I was slowly giving in to the merciless night.

Growing so weak, having all my senses torn apart, I could not even feel the icy blades of sorrow cutting through my heart. An undying hole inside me was carved, And all the rays of hope were suddenly bleak and dark.

My insides were shattered like a broken mirror, Within me was a storm, breaking through without any fear. In the crux of hollowness, I was left all alone, With tears dried and no voice to moan.

I was like a lonely autumn tree, that had lost all its leaves, To the gusts of winds so strong, standing, crying with silent screams. Wrapped in the sinister fog, with twisted hopes and wretched dreams, And hoping, hopelessly for the spring that ought to be.

Now my soul resembles the runes of an ancient tomb, That lies shattered and forgotten and was once doomed. Where nothing but pain and agony reside, Telling a story how it was once abandoned by the forces of life.
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Persuasive essays

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Destiny is not a matter of chance, it is a matter of choice; it is not a thing to be waited for; it is a thing to be achieved. Throughout history, the subject of destiny has been of considerable controversy to mankind and although many have scrutinized its essence, the only vague answers achieved have been that in speculation. The truth behind destiny remains as mysterious as ever. What is destiny? One side argues that it is the predetermined course of events that will inevitably take place in the future. Supposedly, an agency of hidden nature influences this predetermination. Religion assigns this agency to a God who has preconceived the destiny of all universe and mankind before their creation and so the events that follow are perhaps a manifestation of His will. Renowned philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche coined the Latin phrase 'Amor fati' which means 'love of fate'. 'Fate' being a synonym for destiny, Nietzsche used this term to describe the embracing attitude towards whatever happened in life, whether it is in rejoice or in misery. He believed that it was destiny's way of achieving a higher ultimate purpose. On the contrary, the other side believes that it is the free will of mankind himself that makes him the master of his own destiny. It is this ability of our rational mind that allows us to pick between choices of actions and set our own chosen course of events. Aristotle the great philosopher also held view that we do not have an eternal destiny. Within the limits of rationality, each and every one of us creates our own destiny by the actions that we carry out because different actions lead to different outcomes and hence alterations in our destiny. Destiny is not by chance and it is certainly a futile gesture to wait around for it. If we analyze the system of a predetermined destiny while thinking out of the box we perhaps realize that the mere concept of an inevitable destiny is to keep the commoner in chains, to keep him distracted and blinded from his reason and reality. It is a system of consolation for

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the misery of the masses and provides them with a sense of acceptance by making them feel that what happens is not under their control. Simple logic can explain how we ourselves hold the key to our own destiny. Using the concept of causality, any action that we perform is a 'cause' and the outcome of our action is an 'effect'. Our action triggers a series of events that follows it. At every stage in the series of events there are numerous paths to choose from. Each leads to a different outcome. The relationship between an action, the series of events to follow and the different possible outcomes could perhaps be best illustrated by a tree diagram. An action paves way to a number of branches, each leading to a possible event which in turn has numerous branches, each leading to a different outcome. So in short each action has a number of possible outcomes depending on the chain of events involved. Had there been more than one action to choose from, we would be presented with many more combinations of events and outcomes to choose from since a different cause has a different effect. Hence by choosing different combinations using our free will, we choose an outcome and more importantly a destiny. Hollywood actor Dennis Hopper playing a photojournalist in the 1979 classic 'Apocalypse Now' says "Do you know that 'if' is the middle word in life?" More than just a catchy movie dialogue, it is also true in its figurative sense. It profoundly reflects upon all the dilemmas we face in life and the resultants of our decisions. If I did this? and If I did that? will both leave us in two relatively different positions in the future and by choosing either we will create a different destiny for ourselves. It is logically incorrect to say that an agency influences and predetermines our destiny. For if there is such an agency, what is it? Where is it? And how does it control everything that is to happen to us in the future? If one has a rational perspective it is very clear that the dogma of

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predestination has blinded many and perhaps they derive their own kind of comfort from it. It is also their cushion to fall back on when their own faulty failures begin to manifest themselves. As far as religion is concerned, it contradicts its self-created idea of predestination when it preaches that everyone is responsible for their own actions. If every single occurrence that takes place in the universe has been predetermined for mankind then how can it be held accountable? How can anyone be held responsible for anything they do when God has already established that they will proceed to do it anyway? Hence predestination is also in direct conflict with the concept of the Day of Judgment. Therefore logical argument proves that an individual controls his own destiny. A number of significant personalities and advocates of logic and rationale held the opinion that we human beings make our own destiny. The philosopher Plato believed that our thoughts transformed into words, our words into actions, actions into habits which in turn gave birth to our character that became our destiny. Character was the basis of destiny for many thinkers throughout history. Sow a thought, reap an action, sow an action, reap a habit, sow a habit, reap a character, sow a character, reap a destiny (Goethe). Along with Plato, Goethe also shared this common ideology. They argued that our thoughts eventually shape our character which then affects and alters our destiny according to our personalities which in turn affect the type of decisions and choices that we make.

Now to further explain that destiny is not a matter of chance but of choice and has to be achieved and not waited around for. The first time I was offered a cigarette was at the naive age of fifteen. Sitting underneath the cool shade of a decrepit oak tree in the neighborhood park after football practice, my friend held it out in his hand, pointed it towards me and asked me to try it. I could have said no but under the circumstances I chose to accept his offer. It is not by chance that

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today I stand in society as a chain smoker but due to a conscious regretful choice that I made five years ago. Then, under that decrepit oak tree I chose my destiny. Hopefully with the right choice in the coming days and a persistent will power I will alter it to my favor. This will require much effort and struggle. I will not become nicotine free if I sit around, do nothing and still keep smoking. In its broader sense, destiny can be perceived as an aim or ambition. For example if I want to be a successful stock investor I will have to graduate, get an employment, earn money, save it up, learn the tricks and skills of stock investing, study the market, invest and lose money while gaining experience so that finally one day I know the stock market in and out . Then, I will have accomplished my ambition and fulfilled my destiny but all with years of hard work and effortful endeavors. The successful completion of my destiny or ambition will not come about if I dont strive for it. Destiny is a choice which has to be fulfilled. As of its enigmatic nature, destiny always has and perhaps forever will remain a topic of great interest and intrigue to us. The endless quest for answers will plunge mankind deeper and deeper into this abstract gorge of vacuous emptiness. For a rational mind, human beings are the commanders of their own destiny. Our ability to think and to choose between our actions is what impacts events in our future. Every decision that we make, everything we do subconsciously and consciously changes the course of destiny for us accordingly. For an irrational mind, the series of events to take place in the period of our life is predetermined by a supernatural agency. Perhaps those who support the idea of predestination need to contemplate the implications involved and ask themselves If everything to happen in life has already been established and is inevitable, then what is the purpose of life?, What is the object of a dictated universe? and If so, what is the use of an individuals free

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will? The subjection of our will into our actions carries out our wishes, ambitions and achieves for us our destiny. To reiterate, we are ourselves the logical masters of all destiny and fate throughout time and space.

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THE AFTERMATH OF WAR IS INDEED POSITIVE

The mere mention of the word war raises goose bombs among many people. They relate war to the absolute annihilation of the mankind arguing that aftermath of a war is always catastrophic. They assume that the war leads to total the melt down of the economic infrastructure. The people who abhor war need to look it in a wider perspective. A little thought will lead us to conclude that there are situations where the aftermath of war is indeed positive.

The people detest the episode of Second World War tagging it as the calamity of humanity. After this war the countries all over the world especially the world powers realized that a mutual diplomatic forum should be created to refrain from any future war of this magnitude. Consequently the whole mankind reached to a unanimous decision in 1942, the very creation of U.N.O. The first general body meeting of United Nations known as Atlanta Summit was attended by 26 countries from all over the world, the very first meeting of its sort in the history with such an increased attendance of countries. The foremost success of U.N.O is the creation of international human rights bill which ensures "universal respect for, and observance of, human rights". Over the life span of U.N.O, over 80 countries have claimed independence. It successfully halted the Bosnian genocide by the Serbs. It has restored peace in many African countries which were destroyed by the civil wars. The role of this organization was cardinal in preventing the warfare between the Communist and the Capitalistic block during the cold war era. Had the United Nations not existed, the rivalry between the American led Capitalistic block and the Soviet led communist block could lead to the third world war.

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The fracas between the Tamil rebellions and the state of Sri Lanka is a perfect example of a positive outcome of war. The Tamil conflict was the longest armed resistance against any government in Asia. They sabotaged Sri Lankan solidarity causing civilian carnage, suicide bombings and even used women and children soldiers for their ends. They were even responsible for the assassination of Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa in 1993 and former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1991.The Tamil Tigers initiated armed resistance for full autonomy in 1983 which resulted in the death of 23,327 soldiers, 26,629 Tamil guerillas and 8,000 civilians. This conflict crippled the Sri Lankan economy and rendered her vulnerable to her hostile neighbor India. After the execution of Tamil leader Velupillia Prabhakar the revolt was ended in 2009. If the corollary of war means recruiting children in schools instead of militant forces, and saving the women to manage household instead of being used in a suicide attack, and to protect the life of the leadership, than it is indeed affirmative. The Lankan strike against Tamils definitely led to a consolidated and a peaceful Sri Lankan state.

A specific troupe of people in Pakistan is not willing to wage war against the radicals. Firstly, they claim that it is leading Pakistan to a civil war. Secondly they believe in peace talks with the Taliban. Thirdly they argue that it is heading towards the massacre of innocent tribal Pakistanis. But the fact is that the radical militants are stopping at nowhere and believe in no peace and no dialogue of whatsoever. Before the military intervention in Swat valley Pakistani leaders held talks with Taliban that resulted in a peace pact. But instead of honoring the agreement and appeasing the dispute, they persisted on their destructive mission, heading forward to the neighboring district of Buner; 90 kilometers away from the capital Islamabad. Moreover they denied the law of state and tagged the Pakistans judicial system and parliament unIslamic. They

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continued with their terrorist attacks towards the state and their hostile attitude towards the society. A sovereign nuclear nation like Pakistan could not afford to consider any other alternative but charging its army to declare war against uncompromising combatants. As a result war was imminent. The women of Swat are more secure now, the primary education for females is restored and there are no further threats towards their school buildings. Now, if a woman living in Swat leaves her home without a veil, acid will not be poured over her face and she will not be beaten to death. Now there will be no abductions and forced child recruitments in their militia. Now the merchant dont have to pay Taliban off for running their businesses. Now there is tranquility but no butchery at every footstep of Swat. If compared, the death toll of civil lives in Swat is trivial as compared to the casualties in Marriot (Islamabad) and Pipal Mandi (Peshawar) blasts. Yet again, war rendered a positive upshot.

The distribution of water has been the bone of contention between India and Pakistan since independence. In 1960 both countries reached to an agreement regarding the Indus Water system. Recently India has sojourned Pakistans water supply by building disputed water projects, Baglihar dam and Kishan Ganga project on the river Chenab and Jehlum respectively that fall in Pakistans share. The Indus River System Authority (IRSA) forecasted 30 to 35 percent water shortage in upcoming Rabi season and demanded of the Government to take water blocking issue with India on priority basis. As Pakistan has an agricultural-based economy, this would lead to the economic destruction of the country. The fertile plains of Punjab will become barren in the coming years. The UN body commented that this attitude of India could lead to the first water war of the world. (Buncombe. A and Waraich. O). As it is evident that all the negotiations and dialogue with India have failed, so in the coming 10 years war with India will

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be imminent. The consequence of this war will be positively assertive. Although some people would say that over 80 million people could die, but somehow it is better than letting 160 million die of thirst.

The Indian army is systematically eradicating the very desire of Kashmiris to gain independence for the past 62 years. They have ridiculed their demand for independence suppressing their voice for freedom. The genocide of Kashmiris by the Indian army is the most brutal example of an armys violence. The women in Indian-held Kashmir are the most sexually harassed females on the face of earth. Fighting India will definitely yield a positive outcome and may save Kashmiris from the atrocities inflicted by the Hindu regime.

People say that war is destructive; it is not always the case. Better ask this question to a Bosnian man whose family was saved by the UN peace-keeping forces. Better ask this question to a mother whose forcefully recruited son by the Tamils had returned after Lankan victory. Better ask this question to a son whose mother is no longer in danger of Talibans belligerence because Pakistani forces are present to safeguard her. Better ask this question to a farmer who would be ruined by lack of water and cannot assure his children a bright future. Better ask this question to a brother whose memory is haunted by the nightmare of his sisters rape in front of his own his with his hands tied by a rope. A cautious consideration will enlighten the minds of these people that the aftermath of the war is indeed positive.

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Play

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Mouse Trap
Description of the Play

The notion of our play revolves around the four prisoners in a prison. All convicted felons, but yet to be proven in the court of justice, for their committed crimes. These criminals are labeled as insane, by the society and their crimes speak of that. The stage carries a scene where their regular behavior is portrayed and the portion of the play end with one of the character revealing a dark side of his disposition, which in effect landed him in the jail.

The characters of the play include: Spikey- Edward: A seemingly mature man, in his late fifties, however his physical inaction and age is just a peel away from his insanity, which he portrays in the last scene. He is in the prison for the murder of his own brother, but the police, to date have yet to find the murder weapon he committed his crime with. He is in the prison because of his mother s testimony.

Pasha- Alex: he is the most subtle of them all, no one really knows for what crime he is in for, all they know is that he had this bad habit of betting everything existing. He is also known as Pasha four fingers, lost that finger to a casino mob boss, when he failed to pay him. Has propensity of inquiring and asking questions about everything.

Fahad- Will & Chopra- Dick: Both alcoholics and friends, dick being more of a side kick of will. Will was small time car thief. However his antics landed him in jail. Car
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jacked and kidnapped a young beautiful girl. Both of them got too drunk their way to another state and rammed a police patrol car.

Amanda- Komal: Is the not so hot warden, but knows well how to stamp her authority. Naqeeb- Freddy: Is the cook of the prison, he does special favors for the prisoner(not those kind) like providing them with cigarettes, booze or a bit more lettuce in their soup and in return enjoys their company over drinks.

Script
Spikey-Edward: Know what hes getting this time?

Fahad-Will: Yea, hes getting us a bottle of vodka and dry jinn.

Chopra-Dick: Im not too fond of that.

Fahad-Will: So what are you fond of. Chopra-Dick?

Spikey-Edward: Dont worry; Im sure Naqeeb-Freddy has arranged something for you as well. So keep hanging in there. Chopra-Dick

Pasha-Alex: Yea, Thatll be fun. Right? Chopra-Dick?

(Everybody stares at Pasha-Alex) (Naqeeb-Freddy walks in)

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Naqeeb-Freddy: Hey.... Chopra-Dick

(Everyone starts laughing)

Naqeeb-Freddy: I see everybodys in the mood already.

Pasha-Alex: So what did you bring for us?

Naqeeb-Freddy: Vodka and dry gin!

Spikey-Edward: Ill keep that (Hides the bottles)

Pasha-Alex: So whens the party starting?

Naqeeb-Freddy: Whenever youre ready.

Spikey-Edward: Im fixing myself a drink now. Whoever wants one can join in.

Fahad-Will: You know I never say no.

Pasha-Alex: Isnt this thing bad for you?

Spikey-Edward: Oh Fahad-Wills a fighter.

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(Spikey-Edward hands out drinks, Drinking commences)

Pasha-Alex: This is some really good stuff.

Naqeeb-Freddy: You can always count on me.

(Buzzer)

Naqeeb-Freddy: You guys enjoy your play time. Ill get you something to eat.

(Everyone comes out, except Chopra-Dick. Chopra-Dick is in cell having a joint)

Spikey-Edward: This thing kills your brain cells.

Fahad-Will: Youre running low on them already.

Pasha-Alex: Why dont you come outside and join us.

Chopra-Dick: No thanks. Im good.

Spikey-Edward: Come on, dont be a spoilt sport now.

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Fahad-Will: Come on already

(Chopra-Dick comes out)

Spikey-Edward: This is life. Fahad-Will, you were right, positivitys the key

Fahad-Will: I guess

Pasha-Alex: Youre sure the wardens wont show up right?

Spikey-Edward: Yeah. Lets hope so

Fahad-Will: its worth the risk

Chopra-Dick: this stuff smells disgusting

Fahad-Will: look whos talking

Pasha-Alex: doesnt taste that bad, Chopra-Dick. Try it

Chopra-Dick: Ill have some if I want it

Pasha-Alex: suit yourself

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(Naqeeb-Freddy enters with food)

Fahad-Will: let me guess, cabbage soup?

Naqeeb-Freddy: Ive put in something special for you this time

Spikey-Edward: oh lettuce!

Pasha-Alex: Naqeeb-Freddy, why dont you try some?

Naqeeb-Freddy: Would love to, but cant, Im on duty (takes a small sip) well a drink wont do much harm

Spikey-Edward: Im not that hungry. Ill have another drink myself

Pasha-Alex: Chopra-Dick, you drink like a girl

(Chopra-Dick gets offended and chugs)

Spikey-Edward: Atta boy! Fahad-Will, are you done with yours?

Fahad-Will: Yeah...Ill have one moremake me a double this time

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Chopra-Dick: This stuff isnt that bad

Spikey-Edward: Have some more

(Chopra-Dick starts drinking from the bottle)

(Komal-Amanda Enters)

Komal-Amanda: keep it low! (As soon as she enters everyones trying to act sober)

Komal-Amanda: Whats going on here? This isnt a resort.

Chopra-Dick: Yeah, I agree with that

(Chopra-Dick stands up, Fahad-Will pulls him back)

Komal-Amanda: Im up till here with your nonsense.

Chopra-Dick: Me too! (Pulled back down)

Komal-Amanda: Shut up before I put you in the hole. Just get back in your cells while I wrap up my work. Chopra-Dick: Aight Aight Captain! grrrrrr

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Pasha-Alex: Hes not feeling too well (Komal-Amanda stares)

(Komal-Amanda notices the bottle while leaving and gives Fahad-Will a nasty look)

Komal-Amanda: I know youre responsible for this mess

Fahad-Will: Always am

(Lights fade out)

Scene 2

(Blue lights on)

(Spikey-Edward and Pasha-Alex in their cell)

Pasha-Alex: Since Ive come here, todays the first time I really missed home. Dont you ever miss home?

Spikey-Edward: Never really had one to miss.

Pasha-Alex: When I was younger, I used to go hunting with my brothers every summer. You have a little brother too, right?

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Spikey-Edward: HAD a brother.

Pasha-Alex: Im sorry. What happened to him?

Spikey-Edward: Ive been trying to erase that memory for 17 years now.

Pasha-Alex: Im sure its painful. I mean, youre like a brother to me and I could never imagine something happening to you.

Spikey-Edward: We were really close to each other. He was the more successful one. I should have been proud of him.

Pasha-Alex: What do you mean?

Spikey-Edward: People, systems, entire nations have been brought down because of this race that they have been running in their own minds.

Pasha-Alex: Jealousy. So thats what led you two apart?

Spikey-Edward: Georgie adored me. He always had my back.

Pasha-Alex: Im sure you did the same.

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Spikey-Edward: Not really. My mother, She always paid more attention to him. Dad always preferred his company. He even gave him our grandfathers watch that I deserved. I was the loner in my own family. Pasha-Alex: I know what you mean Eddy, are you hiding something from me?

(2 second pauses)

Spikey-Edward: It was raining that day, me and Georgy were visiting our parents. Mom was making a blue berry pie It was Georgie favourite. I was having a real bad day just got fired from the gas station. Georgy came in a new black convertible, asked me to take it for a spin I deserved more respect from my younger brother than that.

Pasha-Alex: So he disrespected you? Is that what youre saying?

Spikey-Edward: He never wanted to. I guess that was the moment where my emotions overpowered logic.

Pasha-Alex: Temporary insanity as they call it. So what happened next?

Spikey-Edward: My dads snow shovel was the closest thing I could get. Smashed it right across his face. Thought he was dead. He Wasnt. Put my hands on his neck and made sure that he wasnt breathing anymore. He looked me in the eye as he took his last breath.

Pasha-Alex: Howd the police get to you?

Spikey-Edward: My mom saw the whole thing from the kitchen window. She told them everything but it was her word against mine. I got rid of the shovel and the police could never prove it, even though they knew it was me.

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Pasha-Alex: Its late Eddy, you should get some sleep.

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