Explain the role of the following organs in the digestive system

The mouth and salivary glands

Salivary glands are in the mouth below the tongue and back of the mouth. When food is in your mouth they release an enzyme called amalayse, which starts the break up of foods. The mouth is adapted to receive food by ingestion, break it into small particles by mastication, and mix it with saliva.

The Oesophagus
The oesophagus is a muscular tube of around 10 inches that delivers food from the mouth to the stomach.

The Stomach
The stomach's main function is digestion. It does this by: Storing the food we eat, Breaking down the food into a liquidly mixture called chyme , Mixing enzymes which is are chemicals that break down food, slowly empties that liquidly mixture into the small intestine.

The Pancreas
The pancreas is a vital organ that is part of the human digestive and endocrine

systems. The pancreas makes enzymes and hormones such as insulin and glucagon for the body. The pancreas is an important component of the digestive system. It manufactures and secretes digestive enzymes such as amylase, which digests starch. It also produces lipase, which breaks down fats, and trypsin, a protein processor. The pancreas creates and secretes insulin, glucagon and other hormones. Insulin and glucagon are especially important for the maintenance of blood sugar, as insulin lowers the blood sugar and glucagon increases the blood sugar according to the body's needs.

The Liver
The function of the liver has many roles:

produces bile for the break down of fats converts glucose (sugars) to glycogen (stored sugar) filters harmful substances from the blood such as alcohol storage of vitamins and minerals (Vitamin A, D, E, & K) Responsible for producing cholesterol. Produces about 80% within the body. matures red blood cells

The large Intestine

The large intestine is the thick, lower end of the digestive system, containing the appendix, colon and rectum. Its principle function is to reabsorb water and maintains the fluid balance of the body. Certain vitamins are also taken in through the large intestinal wall.

The small Intestine

The small intestines are responsible for absorbing most of the nutrients found within your food. By the time ingested food reaches the small intestine, it has been mechanically broken down into a liquid. As this liquid flows across the inner surface of the small intestine (which has many small folds to increase the surface area), nutrients within the food come into contact with the many small blood vessels which surround the small intestine. This blood then leaves the small intestine, carrying away nutrients, water electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, fats and medications to the entire body. It can take three to six hours for a meal to pass from one end of the small intestine to the other, and that is dependent on the makeup of the food passing through; meals containing a lot of fiber move more quickly.

The Colon
Responsible for the final stages of the digestive process, the colon's function is

threefold: to absorb the remaining water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter; to accept and stores food remains that were not digested in the small intestine; and to eliminate solid waste (feces) from the body.

The rectum
The role of the rectum is to hold the solid waste from the elimination.

The Bladder
The bladder is a sort of pouch found in the end of the genitourinary tract. Its function is to retain the urine of the body until it can be released to the urethra and out of the body.

The Gaul bladder

The gallbladder stores about 50ml of bile (1.7 US fluid ounces.), which is released when food containing fat enters the digestive tract, stimulating the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK). The bile, produced in the liver, emulsifies (breaks down), fats and neutralizes acids in partly digested food. After being stored in the gallbladder, the bile becomes more concentrated than when it left the liver, increasing its potency and intensifying its effect on fats. Most digestion occurs in the upper intestine, or, the duodenum, where it is release

Explain the role of the following food sources Food Source

Carbohydrates

Role
The main function of a carbohydrate is to provide energy for the body. Carbohydrates are key components in the diet, comprising sugars, starchy carbohydrates and dietary fibre. Starchy carbohydrates provide an important source of energy, and fibre is important for digestive health. There is also evidence to show that the type of carbohydrate consumed can affect risk of certain diseases including heart disease.

Examples of Food type

Rice, potato, pasta, bread, cereals, etc

Fats

Fats and sugar are both sources of energy for the body, but when we eat too much of them we consume more energy than we burn, and this can mean that we put on weight. This can lead to obesity, which increases our risk of type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, heart disease and stroke.

Chips, cakes, fat foods e.g. burgers hot dogs

Proteins

They are the basic building blocks of living things and are responsible for the growth and repair of body cells and tissues. The human body is about one half muscles in weight, and muscles are mostly made of proteins.

Meat , fish , eggs , nuts , liver

Evaluate your own diet Carbohydrates 50 %

Fat 20 %

Proteins 30 % How healthy is your diet?

I Think that my diet is healthy. I have plenty of carbohydrates and protein. And a view fatty foods for energy to help me get through the day. It is important to have plenty of carbohydrates because they provide energy. Starchy carbohydrates again provide a source of energy, and fibre is important for digestive health. Carbohydrate can affect risk of certain diseases such as heart disease, heart failure, etc. And I have plenty of protein which is good for growth and repair of the body muscle and cells and maintenance for good health.

Does your sport demand any specific diet requirements, if so what physiological changes does this cause?
My sport is football. A football players diet must enable me to sustain the highest level of fitness throughout their games, and with the energy requirements for football being quite high; I want to make sure I am eating the right foods. My diet must contain the following. High amount of energy to help with muscle gain Eat three meals and regular snacks everyday. High in carbohydrate rich foods This can include breakfast cereal, bread, muffins, crackers and crisp breads, rice, pasta, potatoes, and fruit. These should form the basis for most meals and snacks. This will help with exercise performance, recovery from training, and muscle gain. Moderate in protein rich foods This can include meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, beans, peas, lentils, unsalted nuts. There is no need to eat masses of extra protein. Remember protein rich foods are not the main source of energy for exercise. In most cases the amount of protein required can be achieved simply by

following a balanced healthy diet, which contains sufficient carbohydrate. Low in fat Try to avoid too much margarine, fatty meats, high fat takeaway and snacks, fried food and creamy sauces. High in fruit and vegetables Fruit and vegetables include at least 5 servings of fruit and vegetables each day. They are necessary for preventing illness, building muscles and repairing injury. Low in alcohol Alcohol leads to poor recovery, slow repair of injury, and can contribute to excess weight. If you drink alcohol in the sporting world anyway before a game, you will not be able to play.