2001 F.6 Chemistry Half-yearly Exam.

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ST. JOSEPHS COLLEGE 2001 FIRST-TERM EXAMINATION MARKING SCHEME 4. (a) - The sample is bombarded by electrons to form positively charged ions. - The ions are accelerated by the electric field between plates A and B. - The ions travel along until deflected by the magnetic field. - The magnetic field is adjusted so that ions of a particular mass are focused into the iondetector. - By considering the strength of magnetic field, accelerating voltage, and the radius of path, the atomic mass can be calculated. - The mass spectrometer responds to the mass to charge of the ionized species. [6] (b) (i) The enthalpy change when 1 mole of e- is removed from gaseous atoms of the element under standard conditions. (ii) [ + + ]

Cl S

[2]

mark for indicating Ne and Ar as maxima with I.E. of Ne > Ar mark for showing Na as minimum mark for showing I.E. : Mg > Al > Na; mark for showing I.E. : P > S > Si; marks for labeling the axes (c) The required equation: Ag+ (aq)+ Cl- (aq) AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + e- Ag(s) + (aq) Ag(s) + Cl2 (g) AgCl(s) Cl-(aq) Cl2 + (aq) + e H Reaction = ? H = -105.56 kJ mol-1 H = -127.07 kJ mol-1 H = +167.15 kJ mol-1 [4] (No need to consider the spectator ion, which does not affect the enthalpy change.)

H Reaction = -105.56 127.07 + 167.15 = -65.48kJ mol-1 (Other methods are also acceptable.) (d) (i) Coordination no. of Ca2+ = 8 Coordination no. of F- = 4 [2]

2001 F.6 Chemistry Half-yearly Exam.

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(ii) Calcium ions: face-centred cubic structure Fluoride ions: simple cubic structure (iii) [1]

[1]

[1]

(iv) Simple cubic structure; simple cubic structure

[ , ]

5. (a) (i) Standard enthalpy of formation is the enthalpy change when one mole of sodium chloride crystal is formed from its constituent elements sodium solid and chlorine gas under standard condition 298K, 1 atm. Na (s) + Cl2 (g) NaCl (s) [2] H formation of sodium chloride [1] [1]

Lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole of sodium chloride crystal is formed from its constituent ions Na+ and Cl- in gaseous phase. Na (g) + Cl (g) NaCl (s)
+ -

Lattice enthalpy of sodium chloride [1] [1] [1] [1]

(ii) No. The LE. of MgCl2 is higher than that of NaCl. Because: Mg ion is +2 charged while Na ion is +1 charged. Ionic size of Mg ion is smaller than that of Na. (b)
Na+(g) + Cl (g) + e-

Electron Affinity

First ionization energy of sodium

Enthalpy

Na(g) + Cl (g)

Na+ (g) + Cl- (g)

Bond dissociation enthalpy of molecular chlorine

Na(g) + Cl2 (g)

Enthalpy of atomization of sodium

Na (s) + Cl2 (g) (g)

Lattice enthalpy

[4] Any mistake, deduct 1 mark or mark

H formation NaCl

NaCl (s)

Electron affinity + (-781) = -411 - 108 - 500 - 242 x 0.5 Electron affinity = -359 kJ mol-1 [1]

2001 F.6 Chemistry Half-yearly Exam.

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(c)

-bond system:

All six C undergo sp2 hybridization; coplanar. C-C -bond: overlapping between sp2 hybrid orbitals. C-H -bond: overlapping between sp hybrid orbital and 1s orbital.
2

[3]

-bond system: All six unhybridised p orbitals electrons are perpendicular to the plane. All six p-electrons delocalize above and below the plane. [2]

Correct sketch:

[2]

6.

i.

ii.

iii.

(a)

T-shaped

Square planar

Trigonal pyramidal

iv.

Bent

Drawing: each [1] Shape: each []

(b)

[3]

2001 F.6 Chemistry Half-yearly Exam.

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[1]

(c) (i)

[1]

(ii) In the piece of charcoal intake of C stops; decay of 14C continues while 12C remains constant. So, 14C/12C ratio drops. (iii) 0.6 = 1 x ()
age / 5730

[2] [1]

Age of the sample = 4223 yrs

(iv) There is no addition of carbon-12 particles on the charcoal sample. [1] (d) (i) In diamond, the C atoms are held by C-C single bond. side-on overlapping of the unhybridized p-orbital. [1] [1]

In graphite, the C atoms are held by C-C single bond with multiple-bond character due to Also, between the layers of graphite, there is only weak Van der Waals force. [1] (ii) In diamond, the C-C bond is strong. The directional character of covalent bond does not allow the movement between C atoms. [1] In graphite, the weak Van der Waals force allows the layers to slide over each other. [1] END OF PAPER