GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA

MATHEMATICS
TENTH STANDARD

10
2004
Directorate of Text Books 100 feet Road, Banashankari 3rd stage, Bangalore-85

PREFACE
A text book is to be considered primarily as a learning material for the students. This book has been designed strictly in accordance with the new revised syllabus prescribed by the Directorate of Text books, D.S.E.R.T., Government of Karnataka and by following the guidelines suggested in the revised syllabus. This syllabus gives more importance to logical reasoning and thinking in learning mathematics. This is arranged in a concentric manner. Each chapter contains detailed presentation of concepts and generalisation. Each topic has been explained with a number of worked examples and wherever necessary the topics have been supplemented with clear explanatory diagrams to give the students a clear understanding of the topic. Each chapter has been provided with sufficient number of exercises in the end with the aim to give the students a thorough revision of each chapter. Inculcation of desirable values and positive attitude is one of the major objectives to be realised through teaching and learning processes. All attempts have been made to reflect the learner - centered and activity oriented approach to the curriculum transaction in the presentation of the contents of this revised text book. A number of learning activities are suggested for students to understand the mathematical ideas and develop problem - solving skills. Special attention has been paid to present the subject matter in a brief and precise manner keeping an eye on the basic concepts, ideas and facts in the present text book. Special stress has been laid on the simplicity of language in all its explanations. I sincerely hope that this book will support the teachers to face the challenge of teaching mathematics for tenth standard students and help students to learn mathematics in a more meaningful and useful manner. I am grateful to each and everyone who have contributed for the preparation of this text book. Any suggestion for improving this book further will be gratefully acknowledged and incorporated. DR. A.D. GOURI SHANKAR Chairman
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TEXT BOOK COMMITTEE

CHAIRMAN 1) DR. A.D. GOURI SHANKAR Regional Joint Director of Collegiate Education, Regional Office, Gulbarga - 585101 MEMBERS 2) A.B. METI HOD Mathematics Department, M.G.V.V. college, Muddebihal 4) D.R. RANGANATHAIAH Headmaster, Sri Siddartha High School, Chikkamandiganahalli, Hassan 6) N.V. RAMESH Retd. Headmaster, Govt. High School, Thirthahalli, Shimoga District 8) C. NIRMALA Headmistress, M.A.B.L. High School Doddaballapur, Bangalore Rural District 9) 7) 5) 3) S.M. GOPALAKRISHNA Lecturer, S.V.P.U. College, Gangolli, Kundapur Tq. K.S. SUSHEELA Retd Asst. Mistress, St. Theresa High School, Chamarajpet, Bangalore-18 M.V. NAGARAJARAO Retd. Asst. master, Govt High School Mysore-4 M.R. SHANKARNARAYANA RAO Asst. Master, Sri Sharadha Girls High School, Shidlaghatta, Chickballapur District.

SCRUTINISERS 10) VENKATARAM. A. Retd. Lecturer, DIET, Hassan ARTIST 12) G.M. JANGI ( R. Banahatti ) Drawing teacher, Govt. High School, Sultanpet, Bangalore 11) ANANDALAKSHMI Asst. mistress, Acharya Patashala Girls High School, N.R. colony, Bangalore

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CONTENTS
CHAPTERS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. NUMBER SYSTEM PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS STATISTICS FACTORS AND FACTORISATION QUADRATIC EQUATIONS MODULAR ARITHMETIC PRACTICAL GEOMETRY THEOREMS ON TRIANGLES AND CIRCLES MENSURATION POLYHEDRA AND NETWORKS ANSWERS PAGE NO. 1 59 77 99 123 158 166 188 228 253 268

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