Section 15

SECTION 15 FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
Page 1 of 58

LEATHER BELTS

DESIGN PROBLEMS

841. A belt drive is to be designed for 3
2 1
= F F , while transmitting 60 hp at 2700
rpm of the driver
1
D ; 85 . 1
w
m ; use a medium double belt, cemented joint, a
squirrel-cage, compensator-motor drive with mildly jerking loads; center distance
is expected to be about twice the diameter of larger pulley. (a) Choose suitable
iron-pulley sizes and determine the belt width for a maximum permissible
psi s 300 = . (b) How does this width compare with that obtained by the ALBA
procedure? (c) Compute the maximum stress in the straight port of the ALBA
belt. (d) If the belt in (a) stretches until the tight tension lb F 525
1
= ., what is
2 1
F F ?

Solution:

(a) Table 17.1, Medium Double Ply,
Select in D 7
1
= . min.
in t
64
20
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
4948
12
2700 7
12
1 1
= = =

fpm fpm fpm 6000 4948 4000 < <
( )
000 , 33
2 1 m
v F F
hp

=
( )( )
000 , 33
4948
60
2 1
F F
=
lb F F 400
2 1
=
2 1
3F F =
lb F F 400 3
2 2
=
lb F 200
2
=
( ) lb F F 600 200 3 3
2 1
= = =
sbt F =
1

300 =
d
s
For cemented joint, 0 . 1 =
psi s
d
300 =
( )( )
|
\
|
= =
64
20
300 600
1
b F
in b 4 . 6 =
say in b 5 . 6 =
Page 2 of 58

(b) ALBA Procedure
( )( )( ) L
2 1
1 . 17 .,
f f p m
C C C bC Table in hp hp =
Table 17.1, fpm v
m
4948 =
Medium Double Ply
448 . 12 = in hp
Table 17.2
Squirrel cage, compensator, starting
67 . 0 =
m
C
Pulley Size, in D 7
1
=
6 . 0 =
p
C
Jerky loads, 83 . 0 =
f
C
( )( )( )( )( ) 83 . 0 6 . 0 67 . 0 448 . 12 60 b hp = =
in b 5 . 14 =
say in b 15 =

(c)
( )( )
psi
bt
F
s 128
64
20
15 1
600
1
=
|
\
|
= =

(d) ( ) ( )2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
200 600 2 + = + = F F F
o

lb F
o
2 . 373 =
lb F 525
1
=
( ) ( )
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
525 2 . 373 2 F + =
lb F 247
2
=
1255 . 2
247
525
2
1
= =
F
F

842. A 20-hp, 1750 rpm, slip-ring motor is to drive a ventilating fan at 330 rpm. The
horizontal center distance must be about 8 to 9 ft. for clearance, and operation is
continuous, 24 hr./day. (a) What driving-pulley size is needed for a speed
recommended as about optimum in the Text? (b) Decide upon a pulley size (iron
or steel) and belt thickness, and determine the belt width by the ALBA tables. (c)
Compute the stress from the general belt equation assuming that the applicable
coefficient of friction is that suggested by the Text. (d) Suppose the belt is
installed with an initial tension in lb F
o
70 = . (17.10), compute
2 1
F F and the
stress on the tight side if the approximate relationship of the operating tensions
and the initial tensions is
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
o
F F F = + .

Page 3 of 58
Solution:
fpm to v
m
4500 4000 =
assume fpm v
m
4250 =
12
1 1
n D
v
m
=
( )
12
1750
4250
1
D
=
in D 26 . 9
1
=
say in D 10
1
=

(b) Using Heavy Double Ply Belt, in t
64
23
=
Minimum pulley diameter for fpm v
m
4250 , in D 10
1
=
Use in D 10
1
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
4581
12
1750 10
12
1 1
= = =

ALBA Tables
( )( )( ) L
2 1
1 . 17 .,
f f p m
8 . 13 = in hp
Slip ring motor, 4 . 0 =
m
C
Pulley Size, in D 10
1
=
7 . 0 =
p
C
Table 17.7, 24 hr/day, continuous
8 . 1 =
sf
N
Assume 74 . 0 =
f
C
( )( ) ( )( )( )( )( ) 74 . 0 7 . 0 4 . 0 8 . 13 20 8 . 1 b hp = =
in b 59 . 12 =
use in b 13 =

(c) General belt equation
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

fps v
s
35 . 76
60
4581
= =
. . 035 . 0 in cu lb = for leather
in t
64
23
=
in b 13 =
Page 4 of 58
( )( )
lb F F 260
4581
20 8 . 1 000 , 33
2 1
= =
3 . 0 = f on iron or steel
C
D D
1 2

ft C 9 ~ 8 = use 8.5 ft
( ) in D 53 10
330
1750
2
= |
\
|
=
( )
rad 72 . 2
12 5 . 8
10 53
=
=
( )( ) 816 . 0 72 . 2 3 . 0 = = f
5578 . 0
1 1
816 . 0
816 . 0
=
e
e
e
e
f
f

( )
( )( )
( ) 5578 . 0
2 . 32
35 . 76 035 . 0 12
64
23
13 260
2
2 1 (
\
|
= = s F F
psi s 176 =

(d)
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
o
F F F = +
( )( ) lb in in lb F
o
910 13 70 = =
lb F F 260
2 1
=
lb F F 260
1 2
=
( ) ( ) 33 . 60 910 2 260 2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
= = + F F
lb F 1045
1
=
lb F 785 260 1045
2
= =

( )
psi
bt
F
s 224
64
23
13
1045
1
=
|
\
|
= =
331 . 1
785
1045
2
1
= =
F
F

843. A 100-hp squirrel-cage, line-starting electric motor is used to drive a Freon
reciprocating compressor and turns at 1140 rpm; for the cast-iron motor pulley,
in D 16
1
= ; in D 53
2
= , a flywheel; cemented joints;l ft C 8 = . (a) Choose an
appropriate belt thickness and determine the belt width by the ALBA tables. (b)
Using the design stress of 17.6, compute the coefficient of friction that would be
needed. Is this value satisfactory? (c) Suppose that in the beginning, the initial
tension was set so that the operating 2
2 1
= F F . Compute the maximum stress in
a straight part. (d) The approximate relation of the operating tensions and the
Page 5 of 58
initial tension
o
F is
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
o
F F F = + . For the condition in (c), compute
o
F . Is it
reasonable compared to Taylors recommendation?

Solution:
(a) Table 17.1
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
4775
12
1140 16
12
1 1
= = =

Use heavy double-ply belt
in t
64
23
=
1 . 14 = in hp
( )( )( ) L
2 1
1 . 17 .,
f f p m
line starting electric motor , 5 . 0 =
m
C
Table 17.7, squirrel-cage, electric motor, line starting, reciprocating compressor
4 . 1 =
sf
N
in D 16
1
= , 8 . 0 =
p
C
assume, 74 . 0 =
f
C
( )( ) hp hp 140 100 4 . 1 = =
( )( )( )( )( ) 74 . 0 8 . 0 5 . 0 1 . 14 140 b hp = =
in b 5 . 33 =
use in b 34 =

(b) 17.6, 400 =
d
s
00 . 1 = for cemented joint.
psi s
d
400 =
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

fps v
s
6 . 79
60
4775
= =
in t
64
23
=
in b 34 =
( )( )
lb F F 968
4775
100 4 . 1 000 , 33
2 1
= =
( )
( )( )
|
|
\
|
(
\
|
= =
f
f
e
e
F F
1
2 . 32
6 . 79 035 . 0 12
400
64
23
34 968
2
2 1

Page 6 of 58
2496 . 0
1
=
f
f
e
e

28715 . 0 = f
C
D D
1 2

ft C 8 =
( )
rad 7562 . 2
12 8
16 53
=
=
( ) 28715 . 0 7562 . 2 = f
3 . 0 1042 . 0 < = f
Therefore satisfactory.

(c) lb F F 968
2 1
=
2 1
2F F =
lb F F 968 2
2 2
=
( ) lb F F 1936 968 2 2
2 1
= = =
( )
psi
bt
F
s 159
64
23
34
1936
1
=
|
\
|
= =

(d) lb F 1936
1
= , lb F 968
2
=
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2 F F F
o
+ =
( ) ( )2
1
2
1
2
1
968 1936 2 + =
o
F
lb F
o
1411 =

in lb F
o
5 . 41
34
1411
= = of width is less than Taylors recommendation and is reasonable.

844. A 50-hp compensator-started motor running at 865 rpm drives a reciprocating
compressor for a 40-ton refrigerating plant, flat leather belt, cemented joints. The
diameter of the fiber driving pulley is 13 in., in D 70
2
= ., a cast-iron flywheel;
. 11 . 6 in ft C = Because of space limitations, the belt is nearly vertical; the
surroundings are quite moist. (a) Choose a belt thickness and determine the width
by the ALBA tables. (b) Using recommendations in the Text, compute s from
the general belt equation. (c) With this value of s , compute
1
F and
2 1
F F . (d)
Approximately,
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
o
F F F = + , where
o
F is the initial tension. For the
condition in (c), what should be the initial tension? Compare with Taylor, 17.10.
(e) Compute the belt length. (f) The data are from an actual drive. Do you have
any recommendations for redesign on a more economical basis?
Page 7 of 58

Solution:
(a)
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
2944
12
865 13
12
1 1
= = =

Table 17.1, use Heavy Double Ply,
in D 9
min
= for fpm v
m
2944 =
belts less than 8 in wide
in t
64
23
=

( )( )( ) L
2 1
1 . 17 .,
f f p m
86 . 9 = in hp
Table 17.2
67 . 0 =
m
C
8 . 0 =
p
C
( )( ) 6142 0 83 0 74 0 . . . = =
f
C
Table 17.7, electric motor, compensator-started (squirrel cage) and reciprocating
compressor
4 . 1 =
sf
N
( )( ) hp hp 70 50 4 . 1 = =
( )( )( )( )( ) 6142 0 8 0 67 0 86 9 70 . . . . b hp = =
in b 6 21. =
use in b 25 =

(b) General Belt Equation
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

in b 25 =
in t
64
23
=
fps v
s
1 . 49
60
2944
= =
Leather on iron, 3 . 0 = f
C
D D
1 2

=
( )
rad 455 2
11 12 6
13 70
. =
+
=
( )( ) 7365 0 455 2 3 0 . . . = = f
Page 8 of 58
5212 0
1 1
7365 0
7365 0
.
.
.
=
e
e
e
e
f
f

( )( )
lb F F 785
2944
50 4 . 1 000 , 33
2 1
= =
( )
( )( )
( ) 5212 0
2 32
1 49 035 0 12
64
23
25 785
2
2 1
.
.
. .
(
\
|
= = s F F
psi s 199 =
Cemented joint, 0 . 1 =
psi s 199 =

(c) ( )( ) lb sbt F 1788
64
23
25 199
1
=
|
\
|
= =
lb F 1003 785 1788
2
= =
783 1
1003
1788
2
1
. = =
F
F

(d)
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2 F F F
o
+ =
( ) ( )2
1
2
1
2
1
1003 1788 2 + =
o
F
lb F
o
1367 =

in lb F
o
7 54
25
1367
. = =
Approximately less than Taylors recommendation ( = 70 lb/in.)

(e) ( )
( )
C
D D
D D C L
4
57 . 1 2
2
1 2
1 2
+ + +
( )( ) [ ] ( )
( )
( )( ) [ ]
in L 306
11 12 6 4
13 70
13 70 57 1 11 12 6 2
2
=
+
+ + + + = .
(f) More economical basis
12
1 1
n D
v
m
=
( )
12
865
4500
1
D
=
in D 87 . 19
1
=
use in D 20
1
=

Page 9 of 58
CHECK PROBLEMS

846. An exhaust fan in a wood shop is driven by a belt from a squirrel-cage motor that
runs at 880 rpm, compensator started. A medium double leather belt, 10 in. wide
is used; in C 54 = .; in D 14
1
= . (motor), in D 54
2
= ., both iron. (a) What
horsepower, by ALBA tables, may this belt transmit? (b) For this power,
compute the stress from the general belt equation. (c) For this stress, what is
2 1
F F ? (d) If the belt has stretched until psi s 200 = on the tight side, what is
2 1
F F ? (e) Compute the belt length.

Solution:

(a) For medium double leather belt
in t
64
20
=
( )( )
f p m
C C C b in hp hp =
Table 17.1 and 17.2
67 . 0 =
m
C
8 . 0 =
p
C
74 . 0 =
f
C
in b 10 =
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
3225
12
880 14
12
1 1
= = =

6625 . 6 = in hp
( )( )( )( )( ) hp hp 43 . 26 74 . 0 8 . 0 67 . 0 10 6625 . 6 = =

(b)
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

in b 10 =
in t
64
20
=
. . 035 . 0 in cu lb =
fps v
s
75 . 53
60
3225
= =
C
D D
1 2

=
rad 4 . 2
54
14 54
=
=
Leather on iron 3 . 0 = f
( )( ) 72 . 0 4 . 2 3 . 0 = = f
Page 10 of 58
51325 . 0
1 1
72 . 0
72 . 0
=
e
e
e
e
f
f

( )
lb F F 270
3225
43 . 26 000 , 33
2 1
= =
( )
( )( )
( ) 51325 . 0
2 . 32
75 . 53 035 . 0 12
64
20
10 270
2
2 1 (
\
|
= = s F F
psi s 206 =

(c) ( )( ) lb sbt F 644
64
20
10 206
1
= |
\
|
= =
lb F 374 270 644
2
= =
72 . 1
374
644
2
1
= =
F
F

(d) psi s 200 =
( )( ) lb sbt F 625
64
20
10 200
1
= |
\
|
= =
lb F 355 270 625
2
= =
76 . 1
355
625
2
1
= =
F
F

(e) ( )
( )
C
D D
D D C L
4
57 . 1 2
2
1 2
1 2
+ + +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
in L 222
54 4
14 54
14 54 57 . 1 54 2
2
=
+ + + =

847. A motor is driving a centrifugal compressor through a 6-in. heavy, single-ply
leather belt in a dusty location. The 8-in motor pulley turns 1750 rpm;
in D 12
2
= . (compressor shaft); ft C 5 = . The belt has been designed for a net
belt pull of in lb F F 40
2 1
= of width and 3
2 1
= F F . Compute (a) the
horsepower, (b) the stress in tight side. (c) For this stress, what needed value of
f is indicated by the general belt equation? (d) Considering the original
data,what horsepower is obtained from the ALBA tables? Any remarks?

Solution:
(a)
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
3665
12
1750 8
12
1 1
= = =

in b 6 =
( )( ) lb F F 240 6 40
2 1
= =
Page 11 of 58
( ) ( )( )
hp
v F F
hp
m
65 . 26
000 , 33
3665 240
000 , 33
2 1
= =
=

(b)
2 1
3F F =
lb F F 240 3
2 2
=
lb F 120
2
=
lb F 360
1
=
bt
F
s
1
=
For heavy single-ply leather belt
in t
64
13
=
( )
psi s 295
64
13
6
360
=
|
\
|
=

(c)
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

. . 035 . 0 in cu lb =
fps v
s
1 . 61
60
3665
= =
lb F F 240
2 1
=
( )
( )( )
|
|
\
|
(
\
|
= =
f
f
e
e
F F
1
2 . 32
1 . 61 035 . 0 12
295
64
13
6 240
2
2 1

7995 . 0
1
=
f
f
e
e

C
D D
1 2

=
( )
rad 075 . 3
12 5
8 12
=
=
9875 . 4 =
f
e
607 . 1 = f
( ) 607 . 1 075 . 3 = f
5226 . 0 = f

(d) ALBA Tables (Table 17.1 and 17.2)
( )( )
f p m
C C C b in hp hp =
fpm v
m
3665 =
965 . 6 = in hp
Page 12 of 58
in b 10 =
0 . 1 =
m
C (assumed)
6 . 0 =
p
C
74 . 0 =
f
C

( )( )( )( )( ) hp hp hp 65 . 26 6 . 18 74 . 0 6 . 0 0 . 1 6 965 . 6 < = =

848. A 10-in. medium double leather belt, cemented joints, transmits 60 hp from a 9-
in. paper pulley to a 15-in. pulley on a mine fab; dusty conditions. The
compensator-started motor turns 1750 rpm; in C 42 = . This is an actual
installation. (a) Determine the horsepower from the ALBA tables. (b) Using the
general equation, determine the horsepower for this belt. (c) Estimate the service
factor from Table 17.7 and apply it to the answer in (b). Does this result in better
or worse agreement of (a) and (b)? What is your opinion as to the life of the belt?

Solution:
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
4123
12
1750 9
12
1 1
= = =

(a) ( )( )
f p m
C C C b in hp hp =
Table 17.1 and 17.2
Medium double leather belt
in t
64
20
=
fpm v
m
4123 =
15 . 11 = in hp
67 . 0 =
m
C
7 . 0 =
p
C
74 . 0 =
f
C
in b 10 =
( )( )( )( )( ) hp hp 7 . 38 74 . 0 7 . 0 67 . 0 10 15 . 11 = =

(b)
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

in b 10 =
. . 035 . 0 in cu lb =
400 = s
0 . 1 = cemented joint
psi s 400 =
C
D D
1 2

=
Page 13 of 58
rad 9987 . 2
42
9 15
=
=
Leather on paper pulleys, 5 . 0 = f
( )( ) 5 . 1 9987 . 2 5 . 0 = = f
77687 . 0
1
=
f
f
e
e

fps v
s
72 . 68
60
4123
= =
( )
( )( )
( ) lb F F 822 77687 . 0
2 . 32
72 . 68 035 . 0 12
400
64
20
10
2
2 1
=
(
\
|
=
( ) ( )( )
hp
v F F
hp
m
7 . 102
000 , 33
4123 822
000 , 33
2 1
= =
=

(c) Table 17.7
6 . 1 =
sf
N
hp hp hp 7 . 102 2 . 64
6 . 1
7 . 102
< = =
Therefore, better agreement

Life of belt, not continuous, hp hp 7 . 38 60 > .

MISCELLANEOUS

849. Let the coefficient of friction be constant. Find the speed at which a leather belt
may transmit maximum power if the stress in the belt is (a) 400 psi, (b) 320 psi.
(c) How do these speeds compare with those mentioned in 17.9, Text? (d)
Would the corresponding speeds for a rubber belt be larger or smaller? (HINT:
Try the first derivative of the power with respect to velocity.)

Solution:
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

( )
000 , 33
2 1 m
v F F
hp

=
( )
000 , 33
60
2 1 s
v F F
hp

=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s s
e
e v
s
bt v
hp
1
2 . 32
12
000 , 33
60
2

s
s
f
f
v
v
s
e
e bt
hp
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
2 . 32
12 1
000 , 33
60
2

Page 14 of 58
( )
( )
0
2 . 32
24
2 . 32
12 1
000 , 33
60
2 2
=
(
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
s s
f
f
s
v v
s
e
e bt
v d
hp d

2 . 32
36
2
s
v
s

=
. . 035 . 0 in cu lb =

(a) psi s 400 =
( )
2 . 32
035 . 0 36
400
2
s
v
=
fps v
s
105 . 101 =
fpm v
m
6066 =

(b) psi s 320 =
( )
2 . 32
035 . 0 36
320
2
s
v
=
fps v
s
431 . 90 =
fpm v
m
5426 =

(c) Larger than those mentioned in 17.9 (4000 4500 fpm)

(d) Rubber belt, . . 045 . 0 in cu lb =

(a) psi s 400 =
( )
2 . 32
045 . 0 36
400
2
s
v
=
fps v
s
166 . 89 =
fpm fpm v
m
6066 5350 < =

Therefore, speeds for a rubber belt is smaller.

850. A 40-in. pulley transmits power to a 20-in. pulley by means of a medium double
leather belt, 20 in. wide; ft C 14 = , let 3 . 0 = f . (a) What is the speed of the 40-in
pulley in order to stress the belt to 300 psi at zero power? (b) What maximum
horsepower can be transmitted if the indicated stress in the belt is 300 psi? What
is the speed of the belt when this power is transmitted? (See HINT in 849).

Solution:
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

Page 15 of 58
( )
000 , 33
60
2 1 s
v F F
hp

=
s
s
f
f
v
v
s
e
e bt
hp
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
2 . 32
12 1
000 , 33
60
2

( )
( )
0
2 . 32
24
2 . 32
12 1
000 , 33
60
2 2
=
(
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
s s
f
f
s
v v
s
e
e bt
v d
hp d

2 . 32
36
2
s
v
s

= for maximum power
(a) At zero power:

2 . 32
12
2
s
v
s

=
psi s 300 =
. . 035 . 0 in cu lb =
( )
2 . 32
035 . 0 12
300
2
s
v
=
fps v
s
6575 . 151 =
fpm v
m
9100 =

Speed, 40 in pulley,
( )
( )
rpm
D
v
n
m
869
40
9100 12 12
2
2
= = =

(b) Maximum power
2 . 32
36
2
s
v
s

=
( )
2 . 32
035 . 0 36
300
2
s
v
=
fps v
s
5595 . 87 =
fpm v
m
5254 =
s
s
f
f
v
v
s
e
e bt
hp
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
2 . 32
12 1
000 , 33
60
2

in t
64
20
=
in b 20 =
C
D D
1 2

=
( )
rad 0225 . 3
12 14
20 40
=
=
3 . 0 = f
Page 16 of 58
( )( ) 90675 . 0 0225 . 3 3 . 0 = = f
5962 . 0
1
=
f
f
e
e

( )
( )
( )( )
( ) 64 . 118 5595 . 87
2 . 32
5595 . 87 035 . 0 12
300 5962 . 0
000 , 33
64
20
20 60
2
=
(
\
|
= hp
fpm v
m
5254 =

AUTOMATIC TENSION DEVICES

851. An ammonia compressor is driven by a 100-hp synchronous motor that turns
1200 rpm; 12-in. paper motor pulley; 78-in. compressor pulley, cast-iron;
in C 84 = . A tension pulley is placed so that the angle of contact on the motor
pulley is 193
o
and on the compressor pulley, 240
o
. A 12-in. medium double
leather belt with a cemented joint is used. (a) What will be the tension in the
tight side of the belt if the stress is 375 psi? (b) What will be the tension in the
slack side? (c) What coefficient of friction is required on each pulley as indicated
by the general equation? (d) What force must be exerted on the tension pulley to
hold the belt tight, and what size do you recommend?

Solution:
(a) sbt F =
1

in b 12 =
in t
64
20
=
( )( )
|
\
|
=
64
20
12 375
1
F

(b)
m
v
hp
F F
000 , 33
2 1
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
3770
12
1200 12
12
1 1
= = =

Table 17.7, 2 . 1 =
sf
N
( )( )
lb F F 1050
3770
100 2 . 1 000 , 33
2 1
= =
lb F F 356 1050 1406 1050
1 2
= = =

(c)
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

fps v
s
83 . 62
60
3770
= =
Page 17 of 58
. . 035 . 0 in cu lb =
( )
( )( )
|
|
\
|
(
\
|
=
f
f
e
e 1
2 . 32
83 . 62 035 . 0 12
375
64
20
12 1050
8655 . 0
1
=
f
f
e
e

006 . 2 = f
Motor pulley
rad 3685 . 3
180
193 193 = |
\
|
= =

o

( ) 006 . 2 3685 . 3 = f
5955 . 0 = f

Compressor Pulley
rad 1888 . 4
180
240 2403 = |
\
|
= =

o

( ) 006 . 2 1888 . 4 = f
4789 . 0 = f

(d) Force:

Without tension pulley
rad
C
D D
356 . 2
84
12 78
1 2
1
=
=
rad
C
D D
9273 . 3
84
12 78
1 2
2
=
+ =
+ =
Page 18 of 58

o
5 . 35 6197 . 0
2
356 . 2
356 . 2 3685 . 3
2
1
1 1 1
= =
= rad

o
5 . 37 6544 . 0 9273 . 3 1888 . 4
2
9273 . 3
2
2 2
2
2
= = +
= +
= rad

( ) ( ) lb F Q 1672 5 . 37 sin 5 . 35 sin 1406 sin sin
2 1 1
= + = + = of force exerted
Size of pulley; For medium double leather belt,
fpm v
m
3770 = , width = in in 8 12 >
in D 8 2 6 = + =

Page 19 of 58
852. A 40-hp motor, weighing 1915 lb., runs at 685 rpm and is mounted on a pivoted
base. In Fig. 17.11, Text, in e 10 = ., in h
16
3
19 = . The center of the 11 -in.
motor pulley is 11 in. lower than the center of the 60-in. driven pulley;
in C 48 = . (a) With the aid of a graphical layout, find the tensions in the belt for
maximum output of the motor if it is compensator started. What should be the
width of the medium double leather belt if psi s 300 = ? (c) What coefficient of
friction is indicated by the general belt equation? (Data courtesy of Rockwood
Mfg. Co.)

Solution:
(a)

lb R 1915 =
Graphically
in b 26
in a 9

[ ]
= 0
B
M
b F a F eR
2 1
+ =
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 26 9 1915 10
2 1
F F + =
150 , 19 26 9
2 1
= + F F
For compensator started
( ) ( ) hp hp rated hp 56 40 4 . 1 4 . 1 = = =
m
v
hp
F F
000 , 33
2 1
=
Page 20 of 58
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
2062
12
685 5 . 11
12
1 1
= = =

( )
lb F F 896
2062
56 000 , 33
2 1
= =
896
1 2
= F F
Substituting
( ) 150 , 19 896 26 9
1 1
= + F F
lb F 1213
1
=
lb F 317 896 1213
2
= =

For medium leather belt, in t
64
20
=
sbt F =
1

( )( )
|
\
|
=
64
20
300 1213 b
in b 13 =

(c)
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

fps v
s
37 . 34
60
2062
= =
. . 035 . 0 in cu lb =
( )
( )( )
|
|
\
|
(
\
|
=
f
f
e
e 1
2 . 32
37 . 34 035 . 0 12
300
64
20
13 896
775 . 0
1
=
f
f
e
e

492 . 1 = f
rad
C
D D
1312 . 2
48
5 . 11 60
1 2
=
=
( ) 492 . 1 1312 . 2 = f
70 . 0 = f

853. A 50-hp motor, weighing 1900 lb., is mounted on a pivoted base, turns 1140 rpm,
and drives a reciprocating compressor; in Fig. 17.11, Text, in e
4
3
8 = .,
in h
16
5
17 = . The center of the 12-in. motor pulley is on the same level as the
center of the 54-in. compressor pulley; in C 40 = . (a) With the aid of a graphical
layout, find the tensions in the belt for maximum output of the motor if it is
compensator started. (b) What will be the stress in the belt if it is a heavy double
Page 21 of 58
leather belt, 11 in. wide? (c) What coefficient of friction is indicated by the
general belt equation? (Data courtesy of Rockwood Mfg. Co.)

Solution:
(a) For compensator-started
( ) hp hp 70 50 4 . 1 = =
m
v
hp
F F
000 , 33
2 1
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
3581
12
1140 12
12
1 1
= = =

( )
lb F F 645
2062
70 000 , 33
2 1
= =

in b 25
in a 5
lb R 1900 =
b F a F eR
2 1
+ =
( )( ) ( ) ( ) 25 5 1900 75 . 8
2 1
F F + =
lb F F 3325 5
2 1
= +
lb F F 3325 5 645
2 2
= + +
lb F 447
2
=
lb F F 1092 447 645 645
2 1
= + = + =

(b) For heavy double leather belt
in t
64
23
=
in b 11 =
Page 22 of 58
( )
psi
bt
F
s 276
64
20
11
1092
1
=
|
\
|
= =
(c)
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
f
f
s
e
e v
s bt F F
1
2 . 32
12
2
2 1

fps v
s
68 . 59
60
3581
= =
. . 035 . 0 in cu lb =
( )
( )( )
|
|
\
|
(
\
|
=
f
f
e
e 1
2 . 32
68 . 59 035 . 0 12
276
64
23
11 645
241 . 1 = f
rad
C
D D
092 . 2
40
12 54
1 2
=
=
( ) 492 . 1 092 . 2 = f
60 . 0 = f

RUBBER BELTS

854. A 5-ply rubber belt transmits 20 horsepower to drive a mine fan. An 8-in., motor
pulley turns 1150 rpm; in D 36
2
= ., fan pulley; ft C 23 = . (a) Design a rubber
belt to suit these conditions, using a net belt pull as recommended in 17.15,
Text. (b) Actually, a 9-in., 5-ply Goodrich high-flex rubber belt was used. What
are the indications for a good life?

Solution:
(a)
( )
o
174 040 . 3
12 23
8 36
1 2
= =
= rad
C
D D

976 . 0 =
K
2400
K N bv
hp
p m
=
976 . 0 =
K
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
2409
12
1150 8
12
1 1
= = =

5 =
p
N
( )( )( )
2400
976 . 0 5 2409
20
b
hp = =
in b 1 . 4 =
min. in b 5 =

Page 23 of 58
(b) With in b 9 = is safe for good life.

855. A 20-in., 10-ply rubber belt transmits power from a 300-hp motor, running at 650
rpm, to an ore crusher. The center distance between the 33-in. motor pulley and
the 108-in. driven pulley is 18 ft. The motor and crusher are so located that the
belt must operate at an angle 75
o
with the horizontal. What is the overload
capacity of this belt if the rated capacity is as defined in 17.15, Text?

Solution:
2400
p m
N bv
hp =
in b 20 =
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
5616
12
650 33
12
1 1
= = =

10 =
p
N
( )( )( )
hp hp 468
2400
10 5616 20
= =
Overlaod Capacity = ( ) % 56 % 100
300
300 468
=

V-BELTS

NOTE: If manufacturers catalogs are available, solve these problems from catalogs as
well as from data in the Text.

856. A centrifugal pump, running at 340 rpm, consuming 105 hp in 24-hr service, is to
be driven by a 125-hp, 1180-rpm, compensator-started motor; in to C 49 43 = .
Determine the details of a multiple V-belt drive for this installation. The B.F.
Goodrich Company recommended six C195 V-belts with 14.4-in. and 50-in.
sheaves; in C 2 . 45 .

Solution:
Table 17.7
4 . 1 2 . 0 2 . 1 = + =
sf
N (24 hr/day)
Design hp =
sf
N (transmitted hp) = ( )( ) hp 175 125 4 . 1 =
Fig. 17.4, 175 hp, 1180 rpm
in D 13
min
= , D-section
4 . 14
50
340
1180
1
2
= =
D
D

use in in D 13 4 . 14
1
> =
in D 50
2
=
Page 24 of 58
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
4449
12
1180 4 . 14
12
1 1
= = =

3 6
2
1
09 . 0
3
10 10
10
m m
d m
v v
e
D K
c
v
a hp Rated
(
(

|
|
\
|
=
Table 17.3, D-section
788 . 18 = a , 7 . 137 = c , 0848 . 0 = e
Table 17.4, 47 . 3
1
2
=
D
D

14 . 1 =
d
K
( )( )
( )
( )
hp hp Rated 294 . 28
10
4449
10
4449
0848 . 0
4 . 14 14 . 1
7 . 137
4449
10
788 . 18
3 6
2
09 . 0
3
=
(
(

|
|
\
|
=

Back to Fig. 17.14, C-section must be used.
792 . 8 = a , 819 . 38 = c , 0416 . 0 = e
3 6
2
1
09 . 0
3
10 10
10
m m
d m
v v
e
D K
c
v
a hp Rated
(
(

|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
( )
( )
hp hp Rated 0 . 20
10
4449
10
4449
0416 . 0
4 . 14 14 . 1
819 . 38
4449
10
792 . 8
3 6
2
09 . 0
3
=
(
(

|
|
\
|
=

Adjusted rated hp = ( ) hp rated K K
L

Table 17.5,
77 . 0
46
4 . 14 50
1 2
=
C
D D

88 . 0 =
K
Table 17.6
( )
( )
C
D D
D D C L
4
57 . 1 2
2
1 2
1 2
+ + +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
in L 200
46 4
4 . 14 50
4 . 14 50 57 . 1 46 2
2
=
+ + + =
use C195, in L 9 . 197 =
07 . 1 =
L
K
Adjusted rated hp = ( )( )( ) hp 83 . 18 20 07 . 1 88 . 0 =
belts
hp rated Adjusted
hp Design
belts of No 3 . 9
83 . 18
175
. = = = use 9 belts

Use 9 , C195 V-belts with 14.4 in and 50 in sheaves

Page 25 of 58
( )
16
32
2
1 2
2
D D B B
C
+
=
( ) ( ) ( ) in D D L B 2 . 387 4 . 14 50 28 . 6 9 . 197 4 28 . 6 4
1 2
= + = + =
( ) ( )
in C 9 . 44
16
4 . 14 50 32 2 . 387 2 . 387
2 2
=
+
=

857. A 50-hp, 1160-rpm, AC split-phase motor is to be used to drive a reciprocating
pump at a speed of 330 rpm. The pump is for 12-hr. service and normally
requires 44 hp, but it is subjected to peak loads of 175 % of full load; in C 50 .
Determine the details of a multiple V-belt drive for this application. The Dodge
Manufacturing Corporation recommended a Dyna-V Drive consisting of six
5V1800 belts with 10.9-in. and 37.5-in. sheaves; in C 2 . 50 .

Solution:
Table 17.7, (12 hr/day)
2 . 1 2 . 0 4 . 1 = =
sf
N
Design hp = ( )( )( ) hp 105 50 75 . 1 2 . 1 =
Fig. 17.4, 105 hp, 1160 rpm
in D 13
min
= , D-section
2 . 13
4 . 46
330
1160
1
2
=
D
D

use in in D 13 2 . 13
1
> =
in D 4 . 46
2
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
4009
12
1160 2 . 13
12
1 1
= = =

3 6
2
1
09 . 0
3
10 10
10
m m
d m
v v
e
D K
c
v
a hp Rated
(
(

|
|
\
|
=
788 . 18 = a , 7 . 137 = c , 0848 . 0 = e
Table 17.4, 5 . 3
2 . 13
4 . 46
1
2
= =
D
D

14 . 1 =
d
K
( )( )
( )
( )
hp hp Rated 32 . 24
10
4009
10
4009
0848 . 0
2 . 13 14 . 1
7 . 137
4009
10
788 . 18
3 6
2
09 . 0
3
=
(
(

|
|
\
|
=

Back to Fig. 17.14, C-section must be used.
792 . 8 = a , 819 . 38 = c , 0416 . 0 = e

in D 9
min
=
Page 26 of 58
1 . 9
32
330
1160
1
2
=
D
D

use in D 1 . 9
1
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
2764
12
1160 1 . 9
12
1 1
= = =

( )( )
( )
( )
hp hp Rated 96 . 10
10
2764
10
2764
0416 . 0
1 . 9 14 . 1
819 . 38
2764
10
792 . 8
3 6
2
09 . 0
3
=
(
(

|
|
\
|
=

L

Table 17.5,
458 . 0
50
1 . 9 32
1 2
=
C
D D

935 . 0 =
K
Table 17.6
( )
( )
C
D D
D D C L
4
57 . 1 2
2
1 2
1 2
+ + +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
in L 167
50 4
1 . 9 32
1 . 9 32 57 . 1 50 2
2
=
+ + + =
use C158, in L 9 . 160 =
02 . 1 =
L
K
Adjusted rated hp = ( )( )( ) hp 45 . 10 96 . 10 02 . 1 935 . 0 =
belts
hp rated Adjusted
hp Design
belts of No 10
43 . 10
105
. = = =

( )
16
32
2
1 2
2
D D B B
C
+
=
( ) ( ) ( ) in D D L B 5 . 385 1 . 9 32 28 . 6 9 . 160 4 28 . 6 4
1 2
= + = + =
( ) ( )
in C 8 . 46
16
1 . 9 32 32 5 . 385 5 . 385
2 2
=
+
=
Use 10-C158 belts, in D 1 . 9
1
=
in D 32
2
= , in C 8 . 46 =

858. A 200-hp, 600-rpm induction motor is to drive a jaw crusher at 125 rpm; starting
load is heavy; operating with shock; intermittent service; in to C 123 113 = .
Recommend a multiple V-flat drive for this installation. The B.F. Goodrich
Company recommended eight D480 V-belts with a 26-in. sheave and a 120.175-
in. pulley; in C 3 . 116 .

Solution:
Page 27 of 58
Table 17.7
4 . 1 2 . 0 6 . 1 = =
sf
N
( )( ) hp hp 280 200 4 . 1 = =
Fig. 17.14, 280 hp, 600 rpm
Use Section E
But in Table 17.3, section E is not available, use section D
13
min
= D
8 . 4
125
600
1
2
= =
D
D

For
max 1
D :
1
2 1
2
min D
D D
C +
+
=
1
1 1
2
8 . 4
113 D
D D
+
+
=
in D 28
1
=
2
min D C =
in D 113
2
=
in D 5 . 23
8 . 4
113
1
= =
use ( ) in D 18 5 . 23 13
2
1
1
= +
( )( ) in D 4 . 86 18 8 . 4
2
= =
( )
( )
C
D D
D D C L
4
57 . 1 2
2
1 2
1 2
+ + +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
in L 410
118 4
18 4 . 86
18 4 . 86 57 . 1 118 2
2
=
+ + + =
using in D 19
1
= , in D 2 . 91
2
= , in C 118 =
( ) ( )
( )
( )
in L 420
118 4
19 2 . 91
19 2 . 91 57 . 1 118 2
2
=
+ + + =
Therefore use D420 sections
in D 19
1
= , in D 2 . 91
2
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
2985
12
600 19
12
1 1
= = =

3 6
2
1
09 . 0
3
10 10
10
m m
d m
v v
e
D K
c
v
a hp Rated
(
(

|
|
\
|
=
788 . 18 = a , 7 . 137 = c , 0848 . 0 = e
Table 17.4, 8 . 4
1
2
=
D
D

Page 28 of 58
14 . 1 =
d
K
( )( )
( )
( )
hp hp Rated 6 . 29
10
2985
10
2985
0848 . 0
19 14 . 1
7 . 137
2985
10
788 . 18
3 6
2
09 . 0
3
=
(
(

|
|
\
|
=
Therefore, Fig. 17.14, section D is used.
L

Table 17.5,
612 . 0
118
19 2 . 91
1 2
=
C
D D

83 . 0 =
K (V-flat)
Table 17.6, D420
in L 8 . 420 =
12 . 1 =
L
K
belts
hp rated Adjusted
hp Design
belts of No 10
52 . 27
280
. = = =

Use10 , D420, in D 19
1
= , in D 2 . 91
2
= , in C 118 =

859. A 150-hp, 700-rpm, slip-ring induction motor is to drive a ball mill at 195 rpm;
heavy starting load; intermittent seasonal service; outdoors. Determine all details
for a V-flat drive. The B.F. Goodrich Company recommended eight D270 V-
belts, 17.24-in sheave, 61-in. pully, in C 7 . 69 .

Solution:
Table 17.7,
4 . 1 2 . 0 6 . 1 = =
sf
N
Design hp = ( )( ) hp 210 150 4 . 1 =
Fig. 17.4, 210 hp, 700 rpm
in D 13
min
= , D-section
3 6
2
1
09 . 0
3
10 10
10
m m
d m
v v
e
D K
c
v
a hp Rated
(
(

|
|
\
|
=
For Max. Rated hp,
( )
0
10
3
=
|
\
|
m
v
d
hp d

3
3 3
1
91 . 0
3
10 10 10
|
\
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
m m
d
m
v
e
v
D K
c v
a hp Rated
Let
3
10
m
v
X =
Page 29 of 58
3
1
91 . 0
eX X
D K
c
aX hp
d
=
( )
3
1
3
1 1
3
10 12
700
10 12 10
=
= =
D n D v
X
m

700
10 12
3
1
X
D

=
3
3
91 . 0
10 12
700
eX
K
c
aX hp
d
=

( )
( )
0 3 91 . 0
2 09 . 0
= =

eX aX
X d
hp d

e
a
X
3
91 . 0
09 . 2
=
788 . 18 = a , 7 . 137 = c , 0848 . 0 = e
( )
( ) 0848 . 0 3
788 . 18 91 . 0
10
09 . 2
3
09 . 2
= |
\
|
=
m
v
X
fpm v
m
7488 =
7488
12
1 1
= =
n D
v
m

( )
7488
12
700
1
= =
D
v
m

in D 86 . 40
1
=
max in D 86 . 40
1
=
ave. ( ) in D 93 . 26 86 . 40 13
2
1
1
= + =
use in D 22
1
=
22
79
195
700
1
2
=
D
D

in D 22
1
= , in D 79
2
=
Min. in D
D D
C 5 . 72 22
2
79 22
2
1
2 1
= +
+
= +
+
=
Or Min. in D C 79
2
= =
( )
( )
C
D D
D D C L
4
57 . 1 2
2
1 2
1 2
+ + +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
in L 327
79 4
22 79
22 79 57 . 1 79 2
2
=
+ + + =
use D330, in L 8 . 330 =
( )
16
32
2
1 2
2
D D B B
C
+
=
Page 30 of 58
( ) ( ) ( ) in D D L B 689 22 79 28 . 6 8 . 330 4 28 . 6 4
1 2
= + = + =
( ) ( )
in C 12 . 81
16
22 79 32 689 689
2 2
=
+
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
4032
12
700 22
12
1 1
= = =

14 . 1 =
d
K
( )( )
( )
( )
10
4032
10
4032
0848 . 0
22 14 . 1
7 . 137
4032
10
788 . 18
3 6
2
09 . 0
3
=
(
(

|
|
\
|
=
L

Table 17.5,
70 . 0
12 . 81
22 79
1 2
=
C
D D

84 . 0 =
K (V-flat)
Table 17.6
D330
07 . 1 =
L
K
belts
hp rated Adjusted
hp Design
belts of No 97 . 5
165 . 35
210
. = = = use 6 belts

Use 6 , D330 V-belts , in D 22
1
= , in D 79
2
= , in C 1 . 81

860. A 30-hp, 1160-rpm, squirrel-cage motor is to be used to drive a fan. During the
summer, the load is 29.3 hp at a fan speed of 280 rpm; during the winter, it is 24
hp at 238 rpm; in C 50 44 < < .; 20 hr./day operation with no overload. Decide
upon the size and number of V-belts, sheave sizes, and belt length. (Data
courtesy of The Worthington Corporation.)

Solution:
Table 17.7
8 . 1 2 . 0 6 . 1 = + =
sf
N
Design hp = ( )( ) hp 54 30 8 . 1 =
Speed of fan at 30 hp
( ) rpm n 286 238 238 280
24 3 . 29
24 30
2
= +
=
at 54 hp, 1160 rpm. Fig. 17.4
use either section C or section D
Minimum center distance:
2
D C =
Page 31 of 58
or
1
2 1
2
D
D D
C +
+
=
056 . 4
286
1160
1
2
= =
D
D

use
1
056 . 4 D C =
in C in 50 44 < < , use in C 47 =
in D 6 . 11
056 . 4
47
max 1
= =
use C-section, in D 9
min
=
Let in D 1 10
1
. = , in D 41
2
=
( )
( )
C
D D
D D C L
4
57 . 1 2
2
1 2
1 2
+ + +
( ) ( )
( )
( )
in L 3 . 179
47 4
1 . 10 41
1 . 10 41 57 . 1 47 2
2
=
+ + + =
use C137, in L 9 . 175 =
( )
16
32
2
1 2
2
D D B B
C
+
=
( ) ( ) ( ) in D D L B 7 . 328 1 . 10 41 28 . 6 9 . 175 4 28 . 6 4
1 2
= + = + =
( ) ( )
in in C 44 2 . 45
16
1 . 10 41 32 7 . 382 7 . 382
2 2
=
+
=
C173, satisfies in C in 50 44 < <
3
3 3
1
91 . 0
3
10 10 10
|
\
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
m m
d
m
v
e
v
D K
c v
a hp Rated
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
3067
12
1160 1 . 10
12
1 1
= = =

Table 17.4
056 . 4
1
2
=
D
D
, 14 . 1 =
d
K
Table 17.3, C-section
792 . 8 = a , 819 . 38 = c , 0416 . 0 = e
( )( )
( )
( )
10
3067
10
3067
0416 . 0
1 . 10 14 . 1
819 . 38
3067
10
792 . 8
3 6
2
09 . 0
3
=
(
(

|
|
\
|
=
L

Table 17.5,
68 . 0
2 . 45
1 . 10 41
1 2
=
C
D D

90 . 0 =
K

Page 32 of 58
Table 17.6
9 . 175 = L , C173
04 . 1 =
L
K
belts
hp rated Adjusted
hp Design
belts of No 5 . 4
02 . 12
54
. = = = use 5 belts

Use 5 , C173 V-belts , in D 1 . 10
1
= , in D 41
2
=

POWER CHAINS

NOTE: If manufacturers catalogs are available, solve these problems from catalogs as
well as from data in the Text.

861. A roller chain is to be used on a paving machine to transmit 30 hp from the 4-
cylinder Diesel engine to a counter-shaft; engine speed 1000 rpm, counter-shaft
speed 500 rpm. The center distance is fixed at 24 in. The cain will be subjected to
intermittent overloads of 100 %. (a) Determine the pitch and the number of
chains required to transmit this power. (b) What is the length of the chain
required? How much slack must be allowed in order to have a whole number of
pitches? A chain drive with significant slack and subjected to impulsive loading
should have an idler sprocket against the slack strand. If it were possible to
change the speed ratio slightly, it might be possible to have a chain with no
appreciable slack. (c) How much is the bearing pressure between the roller and
pin?

Solution:

(a) ( ) hp hp design 60 30 2 = = intermittent
2
500
1000
2
1
1
2
= =
n
n
D
D

1 2
2D D =
in
D
D C 24
2
1
2
= + =
24
2
2
1
1
= +
D
D
in D 6 9
1
.
max
=
( ) in D D 2 19 6 9 2 2
1 2
. .
max max
= = =

( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
2513
12
1000 6 . 9
12
1 1
= = =

Table 17.8, use Chain No. 35,
Limiting Speed = 2800 fpm
Page 33 of 58
Minimum number of teeth
Assume 21
1
= N
42 2
1 2
= = N N
[Roller-Bushing Impact]
8 . 0
5 . 1
100
P
n
N
K hp
ts
r
|
\
|
=
Chain No. 35
in P
8
3
=
21 =
ts
N
rpm n 1000 =
29 =
r
K
( )
hp hp 3 . 40
8
3
1000
21 100
29
8 . 0 5 . 1
= |
\
|
(
=

[Link Plate Fatigue]
P
ts
P n N hp
07 . 0 3 9 . 0 08 . 1
004 . 0

=
( ) ( ) hp hp 91 . 2
8
3
1000 21 004 . 0
8
3
07 . 0 3
9 . 0 08 . 1
= |
\
|
=
|
\
|

No. of strands = 21
91 . 2
60
= =
hp rated
hp design

Use Chain No. 35, in P
8
3
= , 21 strands
Check for diameter and velocity
in
N
P
D
t
516 2
21
180
375 0
180
1
.
sin
.
sin
=
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
659
12
1000 516 2
12
1 1
= = =
.

Therefore, we can use higher size,
Max. pitch
in
N
D P
t
43 1
21
180
6 9
180
1
. sin . sin =
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
say Chain no. 80
in P 1 =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
hp hp 7 53 1 1000 21 004 0
1 07 0 3 9 0 08 1
. .
. . .
= =

A single-chain is underdesign, two chain will give almost twice over design,
Try Chain no. 60
Page 34 of 58
in P
4
3
=
( ) ( ) hp hp 23
4
3
1000 21 004 0
4
3
07 0 3
9 0 08 1
= |
\
|
=
|
\
|
.
. .
.
61 2
23
60
. = =
hp rated
hp design
or 3 chains
in
N
P
D
t
0 5
21
180
75 0
180
1
.
sin
.
sin
=
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
1309
12
1000 0 5
12
1 1
= = =
.

The answer is Chain No. 60, with P = in and 3 chains, limiting velocity is 1800 fpm
(b)
( )
C
N N N N
C L
40 2
2
2
1 2 2 1

+
+
+ pitches
32
4
3
24
=
|
\
|
= C
21
1
= N
42
2
= N
( )
( )
( )
pitches pitches L 96 845 95
32 40
21 42
2
42 21
32 2
2
=
+
+
+ = .
Amount of slack
( )
2
1
2 2
433 . 0 L S h =
in C L 24 = =
( )
in
in
in S 058 24
2
4
3
845 95 96
24 .
.
=
|
\
|
+ =
( ) ( ) [ ] in h 7229 0 24 058 24 433 0
2
1
2 2
. . . = =

(c)
b
p = bearing pressure
Table 17.8, Chain No. 60
in C 234 0. =
in E
2
1
=
in J 094 0. =
( ) ( )
2
160992 0 094 0 2
2
1
234 0 2 in J E C A . . . =
(
+ = + =
hp
FV
60
000 , 33
=
Page 35 of 58
( )
hp
F
60
000 33
1309
=
,

lb F 6 1512. =
strand lb F 2 504
3
6 1512
.
.
= =
psi p
b
3131
160992 0
2 504
= =
.
.

862. A conveyor is driven by a 2-hp high-starting-torque electric motor through a
flexible coupling to a worm-gear speed reducer, whose 35
w
m , and then via a
roller chain to the conveyor shaft that is to turn about 12 rpm; motor rpm is 1750.
Operation is smooth, 8 hr./day. (a) Decide upon suitable sprocket sizes, center
distance, and chain pitch. Compute (b) the length of chain, (c) the bearing
pressure between the roller and pin. The Morse Chain Company recommended
15- and 60-tooth sprockets, 1-in. pitch, in C 24 = ., pitches L 88 = .

Solution:
Table 17.7
0 . 1 2 . 0 2 . 1 = =
sf
N (8 hr/day)
( ) hp hp design 0 . 2 2 0 . 1 = =
rpm n 50
35
1750
1
= =
rpm n 12
2
=
Minimum number of teeth = 12
Use 12
1
= N
[Link Plate Fatigue]
P
ts
P n N hp
07 . 0 3 9 . 0 08 . 1
004 . 0

=
( ) ( )
0 . 1
50 12 004 . 0
0 . 2
004 . 0
9 . 0 08 . 1 9 . 0 08 . 1
3 07 . 0 3
= = =
n N
hp
P P
ts
P

Use Chain No. 80, in P 0 . 1 =
To check for roller-bushing fatigue
8 . 0
5 . 1
100
P
n
N
K hp
ts
r
|
\
|
=
29 =
r
K
( )
( ) hp hp hp 2 2747 1
1000
12 100
17
8 . 0
5 . 1
> =
(
=

(a) 12
1
= N
( ) teeth N
n
n
N 50 12
12
50
1
2
1
2
= |
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
Page 36 of 58
2
1
2
D
D C + =
( )( )
in
PN
D 82 . 3
12 0 . 1
1
1
= =

( )( )
in
PN
D 92 . 15
50 0 . 1
1
2
= =

in C 83 . 17
2
82 . 3
92 . 15 = +
use in C 18 =
pitches C 18 =
chain pitch = 1.0 in, Chain No. 80

(b)
( )
C
N N N N
C L
40 2
2
2
1 2 2 1

+
+
+
( )
( )
( )
69
18 40
12 50
2
59 12
18 2
2
=
+
+
+ L pitches
use pitches L 70 =

(c)
b
Table 17.8, Chain No. 80
in C 312 . 0 =
in E
8
5
=
in J 125 . 0 =
( )( )( )
fpm
n PN
v
ts
m
50
12
50 12 1
12
1
= = =
( ) ( )
2
04054 . 0 05 . 0 2
16
3
141 . 0 2 in J E C A =
(
+ = + =
hp
FV
60
000 , 33
=
( )
lb F 1320
50
2 000 , 33
= =
( )
( )
psi
J E C
F
p
b
4835
125 . 0 2
8
5
312 . 0
1320
2
=
(
+
=
+
=

863. A roller chain is to transmit 5 hp from a gearmotor to a wood-working machine,
with moderate shock. The 1-in output shaft of the gearmotor turns rpm n 500 = .
The 1 -in. driven shaft turns 250 rpm; in C 16 . (a) Determine the size of
sprockets and pitch of chain that may be used. If a catalog is available, be sure
maximum bore of sprocket is sufficient to fit the shafts. (b) Compute the center
Page 37 of 58
distance and length of chain. (c) What method should be used to supply oil to the
chain? (d) If a catalog is available, design also for an inverted tooth chain.

Solution:
Table 17.7
2 . 1 =
sf
N
( ) hp hp design 6 5 2 . 1 = =
2
250
500
1
2
= =
D
D

2
1
2
D
D C + =
2
2 16
1
1
D
D + =
in D 4 6
1
.
max
=
( ) in D D 8 12 4 6 2 2
1 2
. .
max max
= = =
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
838
12
500 4 . 6
12
1 1
= = =

(a) Link Plate Fatigue
P
ts
P n N hp
07 . 0 3 9 . 0 08 . 1
004 . 0

=
21
1
= =N N
ts

( ) ( )
P
P hp
07 0 3 9 0 08 1
500 21 004 0
. . .
.

=
Max. pitch
in
N
D P
t
95 0
21
180
4 6
180
1
. sin . sin =
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
Try chain no. 60
in P
8
5
=
( ) ( ) hp hp 17 7
8
5
500 21 004 0
8
5
07 0 3
9 0 08 1
. .
.
. .
= |
\
|
=
|
\
|

use in P
8
5
= , Chain No. 60
in
N
P
D 194 4
21
180
625 0
180
1
1
.
sin
.
sin
=
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
42
250
500
21
2
1
1 2
=
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
n
n
N N
in
N
P
D 364 8
42
180
625 0
180
2
2
.
sin
.
sin
=
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=

Page 38 of 58
Size of sprocket, 21
1
= N , 42
2
= N , in P
8
5
= , in D 194 4
1
. = , in D 364 8
2
. =
(b) in C 16 =
pitches
in
in
C 6 25
8
5
16
. = =
( )
C
N N N N
C L
40 2
2
2
1 2 2 1

+
+
+
( )
( )
( )
84 13 83
6 25 40
21 42
2
42 21
6 25 2
2
use L .
.
. =
+
+
+ pitches
use pitches L 84 =

(c) Method:
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
549
12
500 194 4
12
1 1
= = =
.
.
Use Type II Lubrication ( fpm v 1300
max
= ) oil is supplied from a drip lubricator to link
plate edges.

864. A roller chain is to transmit 20 hp from a split-phase motor, turning 570 rpm, to a
reciprocating pump, turning at 200 rpm; 24 hr./day service. (a) Decide upon the
tooth numbers for the sprockets, the pitch and width of chain, and center
distance. Consider both single and multiple strands. Compute (b) the chain
length, (c) the bearing pressure between the roller and pin, (d) the factor of safety
against fatigue failure (Table 17.8), with the chain pull as the force on the chain.
(e) If a catalog is available, design also an inverted-tooth chain drive.

Solution:
Table 17.7
2 . 0 4 . 1 + =
sf
N (24 hr/day)
( ) hp hp design 32 20 6 . 1 = =
(a) 85 . 2
200
570
2
1
= =
n
n

85 . 2
2
1
1
2
=
n
n
D
D

Considering single strand
P
ts
P n N hp
07 . 0 3 9 . 0 08 . 1
004 . 0

=
min 17 =
ts
N
( ) ( )
P
P hp
07 . 0 3 9 . 0 08 . 1
570 17 004 . 0 32

= =
24 . 1
07 . 0 3
=
P
P
in P 07 . 1 =
use in P 0 . 1 =
Page 39 of 58
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 1 07 . 0 3 9 . 0 08 . 1
1
1 570 004 . 0 32

= = N hp
21
1
= N
( ) 60 21
200
570
2
= |
\
|
= N
Roller width = in
8
5

2
1
2
D
D C + =
( )( )
in
PN
D 685 . 6
21 1
1
1
= =

( )( )
in
PN
D 10 . 19
60 1
2
2
= =

in C 44 . 22
2
685 . 6
10 . 19 = + =
pitches C 44 22
1
44 22
.
.
= =

Considering multiple strands
Assume, in P
8
5
=
P
ts
P n N hp
07 . 0 3 9 . 0 08 . 1
004 . 0

=
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
hp hp 07 8 625 0 570 21 004 0
625 0 07 0 3 9 0 08 1
. . .
. . . .
= =

No. of strands = 0 4
07 8
32
.
.
=
hp
hp

Use 4 strands
Roller width = in 4 0.
( )
in
PN
D 178 4
21
8
5
1
1
. =
|
\
|
=

( )
in
PN
D 937 11
60
8
5
2
2
. =
|
\
|
=

in C 026 14
2
178 4
937 11 .
.
. = + =
pitches C 44 22
8
5
026 14
.
.
= =

(b) Chain Length

For single strands
Page 40 of 58
( )
C
N N N N
C L
40 2
2
2
1 2 2 1

+
+
+
( )
( )
( )
08 87
44 22 40
21 60
2
60 21
44 22 2
2
.
.
. =
+
+
+ L pitches
use pitches L 88 =

For multiple strands
( )
C
N N N N
C L
40 2
2
2
1 2 2 1

+
+
+
( )
( )
( )
08 87
44 22 40
21 60
2
60 21
44 22 2
2
.
.
. =
+
+
+ L pitches
use pitches L 88 =

(c)
b
Table 17.8, in P 1 =
in E
8
5
=
in J 125 . 0 =
in C 312 . 0 =
m
v
hp
F
000 , 33
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
998
12
570 685 . 6
12
1 1
= = =

( )
lb F 1058
998
32 000 , 33
= =
( )
( )
psi
J E C
F
p
b
3876
125 . 0 2
8
5
312 . 0
1058
2
=
(
+
=
+
=

Table 17.8, in P
8
5
=
in E
8
3
=
in J 080 0. =
in C 200 0. =
m
v
hp
F
000 , 33
=
( )( )
fpm
n D
v
m
998
12
570 685 . 6
12
1 1
= = =

Page 41 of 58
( )
lb F 1058
998
32 000 , 33
= =
lb F 5 264
4
1058
. = =
( )
( )
psi
J E C
F
p
b
2472
080 0 2
8
3
200 0
5 264
2
=
(
+
=
+
=
. .
.

(d) Factor of Safety =
F
F
u
4
, based on fatigue

lb F
u
500 , 14 = , Table 17.8
Factor of Safety =
( )
43 . 3
1058 4
500 , 14
4
= =
F
F
u

4-strand, chain no.50
lb F
u
6100 = , Table 17.8
Factor of Safety =
( )
77 5
5 264 4
6100
4
.
.
= =
F
F
u

865. A 5/8-in. roller chain is used on a hoist to lift a 500-lb. load through 14 ft. in 24
sec. at constant velocity. If the load on the chain is doubled during the speed-up
period, compute the factor of safety (a) based on the chains ultimate strength, (b)
based on its fatigue strength. (c) At the given speed, what is the chains rated
capacity ( teeth N
s
20 = ) in hp? Compare with the power needed at the constant
speed. Does it look as though the drive will have a long life?

Solution:
Table 17.8
in P
8
5
=
lb F
u
6100 =

(a) Factor of Safety =
F
F
u

( )( ) lb F 1000 2 500 = =
Factor of Safety = 1 . 6
1000
6100
=
(b) Factor of Safety =
F
F
u
4
(fatigue)
Page 42 of 58
Factor of Safety =
( )
5 . 1
1000 4
6100
=

(c) fpm
ft
v
m
35
min 1
sec 60
sec 24
14
=
|
|
\
|
=
20 =
s
N
in P
8
5
=
Rated
P
ts
P n N hp
07 . 0 3 9 . 0 08 . 1
004 . 0

= [Link Plate Fatigue]
( )
fpm
n
n PN
v
s
m
35
12
20
8
5
12
=
|
\
|
= =
rpm n 6 . 33 =
Rated ( ) ( ) hp hp 6 . 0
8
5
6 . 33 20 004 . 0
8
5
07 . 0 3
9 . 0 08 . 1
= |
\
|
=
|
\
|

Hp needed at constant speed
( )( )
hp hp
Fv
hp
m
6 . 0 53 . 0
000 , 33
35 500
000 , 33
< = = =
Therefore safe for long life.

WIRE ROPES

866. In a coal-mine hoist, the weight of the cage and load is 20 kips; the shaft is 400
ft. deep. The cage is accelerated from rest to 1600 fpm in 6 sec. A single 6 x 19,
IPS, 1 -in. rope is used, wound on an 8-ft. drum. (a) Include the inertia force
but take the static view and compute the factor of safety with and without
allowances for the bending load. (b) If 35 . 1 = N , based on fatigue, what is the
expected life? (c) Let the cage be at the bottom of the shaft and ignore the effect
of the ropes weight. A load of 14 kips is gradually applied on the 6-kip cage.
How much is the deflection of the cable due to the load and the additional energy
absorbed? (d) For educational purposes and for a load of
u
F 2 . 0 , compute the
energy that this 400-ft rope can absorb and compare it with that for a 400-ft., 1
-in., as-rolled-1045 steel rod. Omit the weights of the rope and rod. What is the
energy per pound of material in each case?

Solution:
(a)
Page 43 of 58

( )
2 1 2
445 . 4
sec 6
sec 60
min 1
1600
fps
fpm
t
v v
a =
|
|
\
|
=
=
kips W
h
20 =
For 6 x 19 IPS,
ft lb D w
r
2
6 . 1
kips D kips D wL
r r
2 2
64 . 0
1000
400
6 . 1 = |
\
|
=
ma W wL F
h t
=
2 . 32
64 . 0 20
2
r
D
m
+
=
( ) 445 . 4
2 . 32
64 . 0 20
20 64 . 0
2
2
|
|
\
| +
=
r
r t
D
D F
2
73 . 0 76 . 22
r t
D F + =
in D
r
4
3
1 =
kips F
t
25
4
3
1 73 . 0 76 . 22
2
= |
\
|
+ =
t
b u
F
F F
N

=
Table AT 28, IPS
tons D F
r u
2
42
( ) kips tons F
u
258 129 75 . 1 42
2
= = =
with bending load
m b b
A s F =
s
w
b
D
ED
s =
s
w m
b
D
D EA
F =
Table At 28, 6 x 19 Wire Rope
Page 44 of 58
( ) in D D
r w
11725 . 0 75 . 1 067 . 0 067 . 0 = = =
in ft D
s
96 8 = =
ksi E 000 , 30 =
2
4 . 0
r m
D A
( ) in sq A
m
225 . 1 75 . 1 4 . 0
2
= =
( )( )( )
( )
kips F
b
45
96
11725 . 0 225 . 1 000 , 30
= =
52 . 8
25
45 258
=
=
t
b u
F
F F
N
without bending load
32 . 10
25
258
= = =
t
u
F
F
N

(b) 35 . 1 = N on fatigue
IPS, ksi s
u
260
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) 260
25 35 . 1 2
96 75 . 1
u
s p
=
0015 . 0 =
u
s p
Fig. 17.30, 6 x 19 IPS
Number of bends to failure = 7 x 10
5

(c)
r m
E A
FL
=
in sq A
m
225 . 1 =
ksi E
r
000 , 12 (6 x 19 IPS)
kips F 14 =
in ft L 4800 400 = =
( )( )
( )( )
in 57 . 4
000 , 12 225 . 1
4800 14
= =
( )( ) kips in F U = = = 32 57 . 4 14
2
1
2
1

(d) ( ) kips F F
u
6 . 51 258 2 . 0 2 . 0 = = =
r m
E A
FL
=
( )( )
( )( )
in 85 . 16
000 , 12 225 . 1
4800 6 . 51
= =
Page 45 of 58
( )( ) kips in F U = = = 434 85 . 16 6 . 51
2
1
2
1

For 1 in, as-rolled 1045 steel rod
ksi s
u
96 =
( ) ( ) kips A s F
u u
9 . 230 75 . 1
4
96
2
= |
\
|
= =

( ) kips F F
u
2 . 46 9 . 230 2 . 0 2 . 0 = = =
AE
FL
=
( )( )
( ) ( )
in 073 . 3
000 , 30 75 . 1
4
4800 2 . 46
2
=
|
\
|
=

( )( ) U kips in F U < = = = 71 073 . 3 2 . 46
2
1
2
1
of wire rope.

868. A hoist in a copper mine lifts ore a maximum of 2000 ft. The weight of car, cage,
and ore per trip is 10 kips, accelerated in 6 sec. to 2000 fpm; drum diameter is 6
ft. Use a 6 x 19 plow-steel rope. Determine the size (a) for a life of 200,000
cycles and 3 . 1 = N on the basis of fatigue, (b) for 5 = N by equation (v), 17.25,
Text. (c) What is the expected life of the rope found in (b) for 3 . 1 = N on the
basis of fatigue? (d) If a loaded car weighing 7 kips can be moved gradually onto
the freely hanging cage, how much would the rope stretch? (e) What total energy
is stored in the rope with full load at the bottom of te shaft? Neglect the ropes
weight for this calculation. (f) Compute the pressure of the rope on the cast-iron
drum. Is it reasonable?

Solution:

( )
2 1 2
56 . 5
sec 6
sec 60
min 1
2000
fps
fpm
t
v v
a =
|
|
\
|
=
=
For 6 x 19 IPS,
ft lb D w
r
2
6 . 1
kips D kips D wL
r r
2 2
2 . 3
1000
2000
6 . 1 = |
\
|
=
Page 46 of 58
kips W
h
10 =
a
W wL
W wL F
h
h t
|
\
| +
=
2 . 32

( ) ( ) ( ) 10 2 . 3 17267 . 1 10 2 . 3 1
2 . 32
56 . 5
1
2 . 32
2 2
+ = + |
\
|
+ = + |
\
|
+ =
r r h t
D D W wL
a
F
(a)
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
Fig. 17.30, 200,000 cycles, 6 x 19
0028 . 0 =
u
s p
PS: ksi s
u
225
in ft D
s
72 6 = =
3 . 1 = N
( )
( )( )( )
( )( ) 225 0028 . 0
10 2 . 3 17267 . 1 3 . 1 2
72
2
+
=
r
r
D
D
49 . 30 7566 . 9 36 . 45
2
+ =
r r
D D
0 1251 . 3 64916 . 4
2
= +
r r
D D
in D
r
815 . 0 =
say in D
r
8
7
=

(b) by 5 = N , Equation (v)
t
b u
F
F F
N

=
s
w
b
D
ED
s =
r w
D D 067 . 0 =
( )( )
r
r
b
D
D
s 92 . 27
72
067 . 0 000 , 30
= =
m b b
A s F =
2
4 . 0
r m
D A =
( )( )
3 2
17 . 11 4 . 0 92 . 27
r r r b
D D D F = =
tons D F
r u
2
36 = for PS
kips D F
r u
2
72 =
t b u
NF F F =
( )( )( ) 10 2 . 3 17267 . 1 5 17 . 11 72
2 3 2
+ =
r r r
D D D
( )( ) 10 2 . 3 8634 . 5 17 . 11 72
2 3 2
+ =
r r r
D D D
in D
r
216 . 1 =
Page 47 of 58
use in D
r
4
1
1 =
(c)
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
( )( )
( )( ) ( ) [ ]
( )( ) 225
10 25 . 1 2 . 3 17267 . 1 3 . 1 2
72 25 . 1
2
u
s p
+
=
00226 . 0 =
u
s p
Fig. 17.20
Expected Life = 3 x 10
5
cycles

(d) kips F 7 =
ksi E
r
000 , 12 =
in ft L 000 , 24 2000 = =
For (a) in D
r
8
7
=
r m
E A
FL
=
in sq D A
r m
30625 . 0
8
7
4 . 0 4 . 0
2
3
= |
\
|
=
( )( )
( )( )
in 7 . 45
000 , 12 30625 . 0
000 , 24 7
= =
For (b) in D
r
4
1
1 =
r m
E A
FL
=
in sq D A
r m
625 . 0
4
1
1 4 . 0 4 . 0
2
3
= |
\
|
=
( )( )
( )( )
in 4 . 22
000 , 12 625 . 0
000 , 24 7
= =

(e) For (a) ( )( ) kips in F U = = = 160 7 . 45 7
2
1
2
1

For (b) ( )( ) kips in F U = = = 4 . 78 4 . 22 7
2
1
2
1

(f) Limiting pressure, cast-iron sheaves, 6 x19, psi p 500 = .

For (a) 0028 . 0 =
u
s p
( ) psi psi kips p 500 630 630 . 0 225 0028 . 0 > = = = , not reasonable.
For (b) 00226 . 0 =
u
s p
Page 48 of 58
( ) psi psi kips p 500 5 . 508 5085 . 0 225 00226 . 0 = = = , reasonable.

869. For a mine hoist, the cage weighs 5900 lb., the cars 2100 lb., and the load of coal
in the car 2800 lb.; one car loaded loaded at a time on the hoist. The drum
diameter is 5 ft., the maximum depth is 1500 ft. It takes 6 sec. to accelerate the
loaded cage to 3285 fpm. Decide on a grade of wire and the kind and size of rope
on the basis of (a) a life of
5
10 2 cycles and 3 . 1 = N against fatigue failure, (b)
static consideration (but not omitting inertia effect) and 5 = N . (c) Make a final
recommendation. (d) If the loaded car can be moved gradually onto the freely
hanging cage, how much would the rope stretch? (e) What total energy has the
rope absorbed, fully loaded at the bottom of the shaft? Neglect the ropes weight
for this calculation. (f) Compute the pressure of the rope on the cast-iron drum. Is
it all right?

Solution:

kips lb W
h
8 . 10 800 , 10 2800 2100 5900 = = + + =
( )
2 1 2
125 . 9
sec 6
sec 60
min 1
3285
fps
fpm
t
v v
a =
|
|
\
|
=
=
a
W wL
W wL F
h
h t
|
\
| +
=
2 . 32

Assume 6 x 19 IPS,
ft lb D w
r
2
6 . 1
kips D kips D wL
r r
2 2
4 . 2
1000
1500
6 . 1 = |
\
|
=
( ) ( ) 86 . 13 08 . 3 10 4 . 2 1
2 . 32
125 . 9
1
2 . 32
2 2
+ = + |
\
|
+ = + |
\
|
+ =
r r h t
D D W wL
a
F
(a) Fig. 17.30, 2 x 10
5
cycles
0028 . 0 =
u
s p
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
in ft D
s
60 5 = =
Page 49 of 58
r s
D D 45
in D
r
33 . 1
45
60
max
= =
use in D
r
4
1
1 =
kips F
t
67 . 18 86 . 13
4
1
1 08 . 3
2
= + |
\
|
=
( )( )
( ) ( )
ksi s
u
231
60
4
1
1 0028 . 0
67 . 18 3 . 1 2
=
|
\
|
=
Use Plow Steel, 6 x 19 Wire Rope, in D
r
4
1
1 = .

(b)
t
b u
F
F F
N

=
s
w
b
D
ED
s =
in D D
r w
08375 . 0
4
1
1 067 . 0 067 . 0 = |
\
|
= =
in D
s
60 =
ksi E 000 , 30 =
( )( )
ksi s
b
875 . 41
60
08375 . 0 000 , 30
= =
2
2
2
625 . 0
4
1
1 4 . 0 4 . 0 in D A
r m
= |
\
|
= =
( )( ) kips A s F
m b b
17 . 26 625 . 0 875 . 41 = = =
5 = N
( )( ) tons kips F NF F
b t u
76 . 59 52 . 119 17 . 26 67 . 18 5 = = + = + =
25 . 38
4
1
1
76 . 59
2 2
=
|
\
|
=
r
u
D
F

Table AT 28,

Use IPS, 6 x 19, 25 . 38 42
2
> =
r
u
D
F

(c) Recommendation:
6 x 19, improved plow steel, in D
r
4
1
1 =
Page 50 of 58
(d)
r m
E A
FL
=
lb F 4900 2800 2100 = + =
psi E
r
6
10 12
in ft L 000 , 18 1500 = =
( )( )
( )( )
in 76 . 11
10 12 625 . 0
000 , 18 4900
6
=
=

(e) ( )( ) lb in F U = = = 800 , 28 76 . 11 4900
2
1
2
1

(f) 0028 . 0 =
u
s p
ksi s
u
231 =
( ) psi p 8 . 646 000 , 231 0028 . 0 = =
For cast-iron sheave, limiting pressure is 500 psi
psi psi p 500 8 . 646 > = , not al right.

870. The wire rope of a hoist with a short lift handles a total maximum load of 14 kips
each trip. It is estimated that the maximum number of trips per week will be
1000. The rope is 6 x 37, IPS, 1 3/8 in. in diameter, with steel core. (a) On the
basis of 1 = N for fatigue, what size drum should be used for a 6-yr. life? (n)
Because of space limitations, the actual size used was a 2.5-ft. drum. What is the
factor of safety on a static basis? What life can be expected ( 1 = N )?

Solution:

(a)
No. of cycles = ( ) cycles cycles
wk
trips
days
wk
yr
days
yr
5
10 3 857 , 312
1
1000
7
1
1
365
6 =
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

Figure 17.30, 6 x 37, IPS
00225 . 0 =
u
s p
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
For IPS, ksi s
u
260
kips F
t
14 =
0 . 1 = N
in D
r
375 . 1 =
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
( )
( )( )
( )( ) 260 00225 . 0
14 0 . 1 2
375 . 1 =
s
D
Page 51 of 58
in D
s
8 . 34 =

(b) in ft D
s
30 2 = =

Static Basis
t
b u
F
F F
N

=
Table AT 28, 6 x 37
( ) in D D
r w
066 . 0 375 . 1 048 . 0 048 . 0 = =
( )
2 2 2
75625 . 0 375 . 1 4 . 0 4 . 0 in D A
r m
= =
( )( ) kips A s F
m u u
6 . 196 75625 . 0 260 = = =
( )( )( )
kips
D
A ED
A s F
s
m w
m b b
9 . 49
30
75625 . 0 066 . 0 000 , 30
= = = =
5 . 10
5 . 10
9 . 49 6 . 196
=
=
t
b u
F
F F
N
Life: 0 . 1 = N (fatigue)
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) 260
14 0 . 1 2
30 375 . 1
u
s p
=
0026 . 0 =
u
s p
Figure 17.30, Life cycles
5
10 5 . 2 , 6 x 37.

871. A wire rope passes about a driving sheave making an angle of contact of 540
o
, as
shown. A counterweight of 3220 lb. is suspended from one side and the
acceleration is 4 fps
2
. (a) If 1 . 0 = f , what load may be noised without slipping on
the rope? (b) If the sheave is rubber lined and the rope is dry, what load may be
raised without slipping? (c) Neglecting the stress caused by bending about the
sheave, find the size of 6 x 19 MPS rope required for 6 = N and for the load
found in (a). (d) Compute the diameter of the sheave for indefinite life with say
1 . 1 = N on fatigue. What changes could be made in the solution to allow the use
of a smaller sheave?
Page 52 of 58

Problems 871 874.
Solution:
( ) lb
fps
fps
lb F 2820
2 . 32
4
1 3220
2
2
2
=
|
|
\
|
=
(a)
f
e F F
2 1
=
3 540 = =
o

10 . 0 = f
( )
( )( )
lb e F 7237 2820
3 10 . 0
1
= =

(b) For rubber lined, dry rope
495 . 0 = f
( )
( )( )
lb e F 466 , 249 2820
3 495 . 0
1
= =

(c) lb F F
t
7237
1
= =
( )
t
u
t
b u
F
F
F
F F
N =

=
0

tons D F
r u
2
32 for MPS
kips D F
r u
2
64
lb D F
r u
2
000 , 64 =
t u
NF F =
( )( ) 7237 6 000 , 64
2
=
r
D
in D
r
824 . 0 =
use in D
r
875 . 0 =

Page 53 of 58
(d)
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
Indefinite life, 0015 . 0 =
u
s p
MPS: psi ksi s
u
000 , 195 195 =
( )
( )( )
( )( ) 000 , 195 0015 . 0
7237 1 . 1 2
875 . 0 =
s
D
in D
s
2 . 62 =
To reduce the size of sheave, increase the size of rope.

872. A traction elevator with a total weight of 8 kips has an acceleration of 3 fps
2
; the
6 cables pass over the upper sheave twice, the lower one once, as shown..
Compute the minimum weight of counterweight to prevent slipping on the
driving sheave if it is (a) iron with a greasy rope, (b) iron with a dry rope, (c)
rubber lined with a greasy rope. (d) Using MPS and the combination in (a),
decide upon a rope and sheave size that will have indefinite life ( 1 = N will do).
(e) Compute the factor of safety defined in the Text. (f) If it were decided that
5
10 5 bending cycles would be enough life, would there be a significant
difference in the results?

Solution:
( ) kips
fps
fps
kips F 745 . 8
2 . 32
3
1 8
2
2
1
=
|
|
\
|
+ =
( ) 3 180 3 = =
o

f
e
F
F
1
2
=
c
W = weight of counterweight
2
2
10274 . 1
2 . 32
3
1
F
F
W
c
=
=
f c
e
F
W
1
10274 . 1
=
(a) Iron sheave, greasy rope, 07 . 0 = f
( )
( )( )
kips
e
W
c
986 . 4
745 . 8 10274 . 1
3 07 . 0
= =

(b) Iron sheave, dry rope, 12 . 0 = f
( )
( )( )
kips
e
W
c
112 . 3
745 . 8 10274 . 1
3 12 . 0
= =

(c) Rubber lined with a greasy rope, 205 . 0 = f
( )
( )( )
kips
e
W
c
397 . 1
745 . 8 10274 . 1
3 205 . 0
= =

Page 54 of 58
(d)
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
u
s p
kips F F
t
745 . 8
1
= = total
kips F
t
458 . 1
6
745 . 8
= = each rope
lbs F
t
1458 =
1 = N
Table AT 28, 6 x 19
r s
D D 45
( )
( )( )
( )( ) 000 , 195 0015 . 0
1458 1 2
45 =
r r
D D
in D
r
47 . 0 =
Use in in D
r
5 . 0
2
1
= =

(e)
t
b u
F
F F
N

=
Table AT 28, MPS
( ) lb lb lb D tons D F
r r u
000 , 16 5 . 0 000 , 64 000 , 64 32
2 2 2
= = = =

s
m w
b
D
A ED
F =
psi E
6
10 30 =
6 x 19,
r w
D D 067 . 0 =
r s
D D 45
( ) . . 1 . 0 5 . 0 4 . 0 4 . 0
2 2
in sq D A
r m
= = =

( )( )( )
lb F
b
4467
45
1 . 0 067 . 0 10 30
6
=
=
91 . 7
1458
4467 000 , 16
=
= N

(f) 5 x 10
5
cycles
Fig. 17.30, 6 x 19.
0017 . 0 =
u
s p
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
Page 55 of 58
( )
( )( )
( )( ) 000 , 195 0017 . 0
1458 1 2
45 =
r r
D D
in D
r
44 . 0 =
since in in D
r
47 . 0 44 . 0 = as in (d), therefore, no significant difference will result.

873. A 5000-lb. elevator with a traction drive is supported by a 6 wire ropes, each
passing over the driving sheave twice, the idler once, as shown. Maximum values
are 4500-lb load, 4 fps
2
acceleration during stopping. The brake is applied to a
drum on the motor shaft, so that the entire decelerating force comes on the
cables, whose maximum length will be 120 ft. (a) Using the desirable
s
D in
terms of
r
D , decide on the diameter and type of wire rope. (b) For this rope and
05 . 1 = N , compute the sheave diameter that would be needed for indefinite life.
(c) Compute the factor of safety defined in the Text for the result in (b). (d)
Determine the minimum counterweight to prevent slipping with a dry rope on an
iron sheave. (e) Compute the probable life of the rope on the sheave found in (a)
and recommend a final choice.

Solution:
(a)

lb F
t
4500 =
lb W
h
5000 =
a
wL W
F wL W
h
t h
|
\
| +
= +
2 . 32

assume 6 x 19
ft lb D w
r
2
6 . 1 =
( )( )
2 2
192 120 6 . 1
r r
D D wL = = per rope
( )
2 2
1152 192 6
r r
D D wL = =
( ) 4
2 . 32
1152 5000
4500 1152 5000
2
2
|
|
\
| +
= +
r
r
D
D
2 2
11 . 143 12 . 621 500 1152
r r
D D + = +
in D
r
3465 . 0 =
say in in D
r
8
3
375 . 0 = =
Page 56 of 58
in D D
r s
8
7
16
8
3
45 45 = |
\
|
=
Six 6 x 19 rope, in D
r
8
3
=

(a) in in D
r
8
3
375 . 0 = =
lb F
t
750
6
4500
= =
05 . 1 = N
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
assume IPS, psi ksi s
u
000 , 260 260 = =
u
s p
( )
( )( )
( )( ) 000 , 260 0015 . 0
750 05 . 1 2
375 . 0 =
s
D
in D
s
77 . 10 =

(c)
t
b u
F
F F
N

=
lb F
t
750 =
IPS
lb lb lb D tons D F
r r u
813 , 11
8
3
000 , 84 000 , 84 42
2
2 2
= |
\
|
= =

s
m w
b
D
A ED
F =

6 x 19,
in D
s
77 . 10 = as in (b)
in D D
r w
025 . 0
8
3
067 . 0 067 . 0 = |
\
|
= =
. . 05625 . 0
8
3
4 . 0 4 . 0
2
2
in sq D A
r m
= |
\
|
= =
psi E
6
10 30 =

( )( )( )
lb F
b
3917
77 . 10
05625 . 0 025 . 0 10 30
6
=
=
Page 57 of 58
53 . 10
750
3917 813 , 11
=
= N

(c) lb F F
t
4500
1
= =
f
e F F
2 1
=
For iron sheave, dry rope, 12 . 0 = f
3 540 = =
o

( )( )
lb
e e
F
F
f
1452
4500
3 12 . 0
1
2
= = =

2
2 . 32
1 F
a
CW = |
\
|
+
1452
2 . 32
4
1 = |
\
|
+ CW
lb CW 1291 =

874. A traction elevator has a maximum deceleration of 5 fps
2
when being braked on
the downward motion with a total load of 10 kips. There are 5 cables that pass
twice over the driving sheave. The counterweight weighs 8 kips. (a) Compute the
minimum coefficient of friction needed between ropes and sheaves for no
slipping. Is a special sheave surface needed? (b) What size 6 x 19 mild-plow-
steel rope should be used for 4 = N , including the bending effect? (Static
approach.) (c) What is the estimated life of these ropes ( 1 = N )?

Solution:

2
05 . 8 fps a =

(a) kips F 10
1
=
( ) kips kips F 6
2 . 32
05 . 8
1 8
2
= |
\
|
=
3 =
f
e
F
F
=
2
1

Page 58 of 58
( ) 3
6
10
f
e =
0542 . 0 = f

Special sheave surface is needed for this coefficient of friction, 17.21.
(b)
t
b u
F
F F
N

=
kips F
t
2
5
10
= =
s
m w
b
D
A ED
F =

Table AT 28, 6 x 19, MPS
r w
D D 067 . 0 =
r s
D D 45
2
4 . 0
r m
D A
psi E
6
10 30 =

( )( )( )
kips D
D
D D
F
r
r
r r
b
2
2 6
87 . 17
45
4 . 0 067 . 0 10 30
=
=
kips D tons D F
r r u
2 2
64 32 =
2
87 . 17 64
4
2 2
r r
D D
N

= =
in D
r
4164 . 0 =
use in D
r
16
7
=
(c) in D D
r s
20
16
7
45 45 = |
\
|
=
( )
u u
t
s r
s s p
NF
D D
2
=
kips F
t
2 = each rope
MPS, ksi s
u
195 =
0 . 1 = N
( )
( )( )
( )( ) 195
2 0 . 1 2
20
16
7
u
s p
=
|
\
|

0023 . 0 =
u
s p

Expected life, Figure 17.30, 3 x 10
5
bending cycles.
- end -

Section 15

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Section 15

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SECTION 15 FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS

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