FKA.B.PP.03 Ed.

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER I, SESI 2007/2008
KOD KURSUS : SAB 4923/ SAM 5923

KURSUS

KEJ. OLAHAN AIR DAN AIRSISA LANJUTAN

PROGRAM

SAS/ SAW

MASA

2 JAM 30 MINIT

TARIKH

NOVEMBER 2007

ARAHAN KEPADA CALON :

1. 2. JAWAB LIMA (5) SOALAN SAHAJA. JAWAB BERASINGAN SETIAP SEKSYEN DI DALAM KERTAS JAWAPAN.

Amaran!
Pelajar-pelajar yang didapati meniru semasa peperiksaan, boleh dikenakan tindakan tatatertib dan Fakulti boleh mencadangkan supaya di buang pengajian.

KERTAS SOALAN INI TERDIRI DARIPADA ( 6

) MUKA SURAT BERCETAK SAHAJA

SAB 4923/ SAM 5923 -1SECTION A

Q1.

(a)

Give two (2) reasons why advanced treatment is required in water or wastewater treatment plant. (4 marks)

(b)

Give three (3) factors that need to be considered in selecting appropriate treatment process(es). (6 marks) An activated carbon is to treat 40 m3/day of water contaminated with 25 mg/L of xylenes. If the required effluent is 5 mg/L, determine

(c)

(i) (ii)

the amount of activated carbon required in a day. the frequency of the regeneration process if the reactors is filled up with 100 kg of the carbon.

Use the following Freundlich equation to solve your problem.

X M

51.3 C 0.187
(10 marks)

Q2.

(a)

With example, explain the difference between air stripping and gas absorption. (4 marks)

(b)

Chemical precipitation and ion exchange processes can be used to remove metals from water and wastewater.

SAB 4923/ SAM 5923 -2(i) Give two (2) advantages of ion exchange as compared to chemical precipitation.

(ii)

Give one (1) limitation of ion exchange process. (6 marks)

(c)

Excess lime treatment is to be used to treat water with the following characteristics.

0.0 CO2 0.3 0.0 (i) Ca HCO3

2+ -

2.0 Mg SO4 1.7

22+

3.0 Na Cl2.8
+

4.0

4.0

Determine the carbonate and non-carbonate hardness of the water in mg/L as CaCO3.

(ii)

Determine the required chemical dosage for the process (eq. wt.: CaO = 28 mg/meq; Na2CO3 = 53 mg/meq; CaCO3 = 50 mg/meq)

(iii)

Draw the bar graph of water after final recarbonation. Assume one third of the alkalinity is in the form of CO32-. (10 marks)

Q3.

(a)

What is the main difference between chemical oxidation and biological oxidation? Give one condition when chemical oxidation should be used instead of biological oxidation. (5 marks)

SAB 4923/ SAM 5923 -3(b) Briefly explain partial degradation of chemical oxidation. What is the critical factor that needs to be considered in partial degradation application? (5 marks) A metal plating industry produces effluent containing Cu2+ (Atomic weight: 63.5 g), Fe2+ (Atomic weight: 55.8 g) and Ni2+ (Atomic weight: 58.7 g) at concentrations of 25, 25 and 35 mg/L, respectively. The wastewater flow rate averages 290 m3/day. An ion exchanger with a capacity of 3.5 meq/g (volumetric basis of 2.0 meq/L) and rate constant of 2.1 L/dmeq is to be used to remove these metals before discharging the wastewater. Determine the volume of the ion

(c)

exchanger and the mass of resin to remove these ions if the resin is to be regenerated once per week.

Note: The plating industry operates 8 hours a day and 5 days a week. (10 marks)

SECTION B

Q1.

(a)

What are the important characteristics of water and wastewater that need to be considered in membrane selection? Name three (3) out of 4 membrane configurations. (6 marks)

(b)

At a brackish water RO treatment plant, the total dissolved solids concentration for the pretreated feedwater and the product water are 2860 and 89 mg/L, respectively. Determine the percentages of salt rejection and salt passage. (8 marks)

SAB 4923/ SAM 5923 -4(c) With an aid of a diagram, show the definition of membrane process. [You must locate the feedwater flowrate, feedwater concentration, permeate flowrate, permeate concentration, retentate and solute in your answer] (6 marks)

Q2.

(a)

What is the function of activated sludge in treating wastewater? (2 marks)

(b)

What factor could cause an unsuitable environment in an aeration tank of the activated sludge process? (2 marks)

(c)

List two main disadvantages of anaerobic treatment? (4 marks)

(d)

Two activated sludge aeration tanks at Taman Universiti, Skudai are operated in series. Each tank has the following dimensions: 7 m wide x 30 m long x 4.3 m effective liquid depth. The plant operating parameters are as follows: Flow = 0.0796 m3/s, MLVSS = 1500 mg/L, MLSS = 1.40 MLVSS, Soluble BOD5 after primary settling = 130 mg/L. Determine the aeration period and F/M ratio. (5 marks)

(e)

What is the purpose of sludge digestion process? Describe briefly the differences between anaerobic and aerobic digestion. (3 marks)

SAB 4923/ SAM 5923 -5(f) Calculate the aeration basin volume for suspended-growth nitrification following conventional secondary treatment. The wastewater

characteristics are as follows:

Average daily design flow Ammoniacal nitrogen BOD Operating temperature Operating pH MLSS

= = = = = =

10 MGD 20 mg/L 40 mg/L 10oC 7.2 1500 mg/L (4 marks)

Q3.

(a)

Calculate the capacity required per population equivalent (PE) for a single-stage floating-cover digestion based on the following: 90 g of solids contributed per person, 4% solids content in raw sludge, 7% solids concentration in digested sludge, 40% total solids reduction during digestion, 30-day digestion period, and 90-day storage period for digested sludge. (4 marks)

(b)

Compare the treatment and water-quality requirements for restricted agricultural irrigation versus unrestricted urban irrigation. (6 marks)

(c)

How water reuse is different based on disposal and water resource planning perspective? Since no regulation or guideline is provided in Malaysias scenarios, what would you recommend to ensure that the reclaimed water quality is appropriate for the intended use? [Important note: Your answer should consider local treatment, problems associated to water pollution and economic aspects] (10 marks)

SAB 4923/ SAM 5923 -6FKA.B.PP.05.Ed.1

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

SEMESTER : I SESI : 2007/2008 PROGRAM : SAS/ SAW

KURSUS : KEJ. OLAHAN AIR DAN AIRSISA LANJUTAN KOD KURSUS : SAB4923/ SAM5923

EQUATIONS h = (HTU) (NTU)

H u VG VL

HTU

VL K La
1) kC o Q

NTU

( c / c e )( R 1) 1 R ln i R 1 R

ln (

Co C

kq o M Q

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 = 2CaCO3 + 2H2O Mg(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + MgCO3 + 2H2O MgCO3 + Ca(OH)2 = Mg(OH)2 + CaCO3 MgSO4 + Ca(OH)2 = Mg(OH)2 + CaSO4 MgCl2 + Ca(OH)2 = Mg(OH)2 + CaCl2 CaSO4 + Na2CO3 = CaCO3 + Na2SO4 CaCl2 + Na2CO3 = CaCO3 + 2NaCl CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O = Ca(HCO3)2 Mg(OH)2 + CO2 = MgCO3 + H2O MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O = Mg(HCO3)2
1 product concentration x 100% feedwater concentration

Re covery

Qp Qf

x 100%

W s 100

W 100 p 100

V1 V2 T1 V2 2

T2

F M

Q BODload V MLSS

SRT

Se

MLSS V Qe S w Q w

Aeration

V Q