Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FlowControlLab,KAIST
AbuSeena Phd Student
Outline:
1) Loglawvelocityprofilesinsmoothwallturbulent ) g yp channelflows. 2) Laglawforturbulentflowsintransitionalroughpipe. 3) Reynoldsstressmodel(Sreenivasan 2005).
Introduction
Channel
2 u
Tw
U = u ( x, y ) + u ' ( x, y , t ) V = v ( x, y ) + v ' ( x, y , t ) W = w ( x, y ) + w' ( x, y, t ) P = p ( x , y ) + p ' ( x, y , t ) Te = T ( x, y ) + T ' ( x, y, t ) Such that mean of fluctuations, u ' = v' = w' = p ' = T ' = 0 but u ' v' 0
u '2 u ' v' u ' w' 2 = u ' v' v' v' w' 2 u ' w' v' w' w'
Viscous Shear stress
Fully developed h F ll d l d channel fl : l flow Mean momentum equation dp u u ' v' = dx y y Boundary Conditions : Wall : Axis : y = 0, u = v = 0, u ' v' = 0 u ' v' = 0
Reynolds Stress (unknown)
u y, =0, y
Kolmogorov (1991) (1991) "It became clear for me that it is unrealistic to hope for the creation of a pure self-contained theory [of turbulent flows of fluids and gases]... Due to the absence of such a theory gases] we have to rely upon hypothesis obtained by processing experimental data... I did not carry out experiment work myself, but i spent a lot of energy on calculations and y f, p f gy graphical processing of data obtained by other researchers.
Closure Problem (not yet satisfactory): Hypothesis are 1) Boussinesq eddy viscosity model 2) Prandtls mixing length model 3) K- Model 4) RANS, LES etc. 5) Reynolds Stress Model K RANS etc
Present Approach: Open or under-determined equations Izakson (1937) Millikan (1939) Kolmogorov (1941) Hypothesis
Wall Variables:
u u+ = , u
y+ =
yu
u + = u + ( y+ )
Uc u = F (Y ) u
where
Y=
OverlapRegion
Izakson(1937)&Millikan(1939)
Both Viscous and Turbulent Shear Dominates For sufficiently large Reynolds number u u+ ( y+ ) = U c u F (Y ) Differentiating, we get u F 1 y+ + = Y = y+ Y k or u+ F y+ = Y =k y Y +
1 1
Log Law : og a
Inner log law Outer log law
u+ = u 1 = ln y+ + B u k k = von Karman Constant
Uc u 1 = l Y +D ln u k
Uc 1 = ln R + B + D , u k
R =
Innerloglaw
1 u+ (y+ ) = ln y+ + B k
Roughness
h Lettheroughnessheightbeh Thenroughnessparameter
If
LiteratureReview
Millikan(1938)proposedtwolayertheory(InnerandOuterlayer)for transitional,fullysmoothandfullyroughpipestoobtainloglawsdependenton k Karmanconstantandadditiveconstantdependingonroughness. Clauser &Hama(1954) Introducetheroughnessfunction,asan additionaltermtosmoothwallloglaw,where
LiteratureReview
SmoothwallLogLaw Smooth wall Log Law u 1 u+ ( Z + ) = = ln Z + + B u k
Fully Rough wall Log law
u+ ( Z + ) =
u 1 Z+ = ln +B u k h+
u+ ( Z + ) =
Present Approach
u 1 = ln Z + U + + B u k
u+ ( ) =
u 1 = ln + B, u k
Z+
= exp (k U + )
AlternateScales
NewNondimensionalroughnessscale, N N di i l h l
RoughnesscoordinateandRoughnessvelocity R h di t dR h l it
Basedonalternateroughwallvariables,theinnervariablesaredefinedas B d l h ll i bl h i i bl d fi d
RoughnessFrictionReynoldsnoR andRoughnessReynoldsnoRe
(basedonroughnessfrictionvelocity)(basedonroughnessaveragevelocity) (based on roughness friction velocity) (based on roughness average velocity)
u dp d 2d 8 = = = 8 U dx U b 2 U b 2 b
Reynoldsshearstress
Reynoldsshearstress
Matching
Log Law : og a
Inner log law Outer log law
u+ ( ) =
u 1 = ln + B u k
k = vonkarman conatant
FrictionFactor:
CommercialandSandGrainRoughness
Colebrooks Equation(commercialroughness)
1 2 . 51 = 2 log D + 3 .7 f Re f
U + =
B = 5.5, BF = 8.5
= 1 + h+
ForInflectionalroughness(Loselevich andPilipenko)
U + = ( B 8.5 + k 1 ln h+ ) sin (q ), q = ln (h+ / 2.25) ln (90 / 2.25)
= 1 + h+ exp p
j h+
j=0forColebrooksmonotonicroughness j=11forinflectionalroughness
Conclusion
A)Openequations Functionalapproach
1) The open momentum equation in fully developed turbulent channel flow y , y y y consists of two layers, inner layer near the wall and outer layer away from the wall. The matching of the inner and outer layer in overlap region gives velocity profiles in terms of log law. 2) Thenewparametersarethetransitionalroughwall 2) The new parameters are = Z + the transitional rough wall R = R / innervariable,theroughnessfrictionReynoldsnumber andtheroughnessReynoldsnumber. Re = Re/ 3)Thevelocityprofile,intransitionalwallroughnessinnervariable 3) The velocity profile, in transitional wall roughness inner variable ,isuniversalforalltypesofwallroughness,in = Z+ contrasttotraditionalwallvariableZ+orZ/h. 4)Thefrictionfactorvs roughnessReynoldsnumberRe isalso 4) The friction factor vs roughness Reynolds number Re is also universal,explicitlyindependentofwallroughness.
ClosureModel:
LogarithmicExpansionsforReynoldsStress g p y
ClosureModel:ReynoldsShearStress
Sreenivasan,K.R.andBershadskii(2006,JFMVol554pp477498): ProposedReynoldsShearStressModel
(1)
Maxima occurs at
du+ 1 + + = 1 R y+ dy+
Solution for l it distribution: S l ti f velocity di t ib ti
( 2) p1 = k 1
Assumption : Constants 1 and k to be independent of Reynolds number, at least when it is high enough, and k 1 as Re . It is not appropriate as shown in presented work work.
PresentAnalysisonClosureModelforReynoldsShearStress
Reynolds Shear stress: Maxima occurs at
m+ = k
gives
Velocity Distribution
Conclusion
B)Closuremodellimitations B) Closure model limitations
1. 2. 2 3. TheclosuremodelofReynoldsshearstressintermsoflogarithmsofnon dimensionalverticalcoordinateappearstoworksroughlyfory+ >10. Thevelocityincoordinates(u+/ + +y+/(2R) Th l it i di t ( /y ),y+) )arealsoingoodagreement l i d t withthedataalmostallthewaytocenterline. Butvelocityprofile(u+,y+)showappreciabledepartureintheoverlapregion, whichputslimitationsonvalidityofclosuremodelofReynoldsshearstress. which puts limitations on validity of closure model of Reynolds shear stress.
ThankYou
References
Afzal,N.andAbuSeena 2007,AlternateScalesforTurbulentFlowinTransitionalRoughPipes:UniversalLog Laws J.FluidEngg,Vol 129,pp8090. Millikan,C.B.,1938,ACriticalDiscussionofTurbulentFlowinChannelsandCircularTubes,Proc.5thInt. Cong.Appl.Mech.Cambridge,J.P.denHartog andH.Peters,eds.,Wiley/ChapmanandHall,NewYork London,pp.386392. London pp 386 392 Clauser,F.H.,1954,TurbulentBoundaryLayersinAdversePressureGradients,J.Aeronaut.Sci.,21,pp.91 108. Hama,F.R.,1954,BoundaryLayerCharacteristicsforRoughandSmoothSurfaces,TransSocietyofNaval ArchitectureandMarineEngineers,62,pp. 333 351. Architecture and Marine Engineers 62 pp 333351 Abe,K.,Matsumoto,A.,Munakata,H.,andTani,I.,1990,DragReductionbySangGrainRoughness,In StructureofTurbulenceandDragReduction,A.Gyr,ed.,SpringerVerlag,Berlin,pp.341348. Nikuradse,J.,1933,LawsofFlowinRoughPipe,VI,Forchungsheft N361,EnglishtranslationNACATM1292, 1950. Shockling,M.A.,2005,TurbulentFlowinRoughPipe,MSEthesis,PrincetonUniversity. Shockling,M.A.,Allen,J.J.,andSmits,A.J.,2006,RoughnessEffectsinTurbulentPipeFlow,J.FluidMech., 564,pp.267285. , , , p g Colebrook,C.F.,1939,TurbulentFlowinPipesWithParticularReferencetotheTransitionRegionBetweenthe SmoothandRoughPipeLaws,J.Inst.Civ.Eng,11,pp.133156. Allen,J.J.,Shockling,M.A.,andSmits,A.J.,2005,EvaluationofaUniversalTransitionalResistanceDiagram forPipesWithHonedSurfaces,Phys.Fluids,17,pp.121702. Abe,H.,Kawamura,H.,andMatsuo,Y.,2001,DirectNumericalSimulationofaFullyDevelopedTurbulent ChannelFlowWithRespecttoReynoldsNumber,J.FluidsEng.,123,pp.382393. Afzal,N.,1982,FullyDevelopedTurbulentFlowinaPipe:AnIntermediateLayer,Ing.Arch.,53,pp.355377.