Question Bank

UNIT 2: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

ONE MARK QUESTIONS
Q1. A carbon resistor is marked in coloured bands of red, black, orange and silver. What is the resistance and tolerance value of the resistor? Q2. A physical quantity, associated with electric conductivity, has the SI unit ohm meter ( m) . Identify this physical quantity. Q3. Define electrical conductivity of a conductor and give its S.I. unit. Q4. Plot a graph showing the variation of resistivity of nichrome with temperature. Q5. Define electromotive force of a cell.

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

Q1. Two metallic wires of the same materials have the same length but cross sectional area is in the ratio of 1:2. They are connected (i) in series and (ii) in parallel. Compare the drift velocities of electrons in the two wires in both the cases (i) and (ii). Q2. Derive an expression for the resistivity of a good conductor, in terms of the relaxation time of electrons. Q3. The number density of free electrons in a copper conductor is 8.5x1028m-3. How long does an electron take to drift from one end of a wire 3.0 m long to its other end? The area of cross-section of the wire is 2.0 x 10-6 m2 and is carrying a current of 3.0 A. Q4. Derive an expression for the current density of a good conductor, in terms of the Drift velocity of electrons. Q5. Explain how electron mobility changes from a good conductor when

(i) when temperature of the conductor is decreased at constant potential difference and (ii) applied potential difference is doubled at constant temperature. Q6. A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 3 is connected to a resistor R.(i) If the current in the circuit is 0.5 A, calculate the value of R.(ii)What is the terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed? Q7. Define the term temperature coefficient of resistivity. Write its SI unit. Plot a graph showing the variation of resistivity of copper with temperature. Q8. You are given n resistors, each of resistance r. These are first connected to get minimum possible resistance. In the second case, these are again connected differently to get minimum possible resistance. Compute the ratio between minimum and maximum value of resistance so obtained. Q9. What is Wheatstone bridge? Deduce the condition for which Wheatstone bridge is Balanced. Q10. Two cells of emf E1 and E2 and internal resistance r1 and r2 are connected in parallel with each other. Obtain expression for the equivalent emf and equivalent internal resistance of this parallel combination. Q11. Are the paths of electrons straight lines between successive collisions ( with positive ions of the metal ) in the (i) absence of electric field (ii) presence of electric field? (iii)Establish a relation between drift velocity vd of an electron in a conductor of crosssection A, carrying current iand concentration n of free electrons per unit volume of conductor. Hence obtain the relation between current density and drift velocity. Q12. What is meant by the sensitivity of a potentiometer? A battery E1 of

4 V and a variable resistance Rh are connected in series with the wire AB of the potentiometer.The length of the wire of the potentiometer is 1metre. When a cell E2 of emf 1.5 volt is connected between points A and C, no current flows through E2. Length of AC = 60 cm. (i) Find the potential difference between the ends A and B of the Potentiometer. (ii) Would the method work, if the battery E1 is replaced by a cell of emf of 1 V. Q13.Calculate the temperature at which the resistance of a conductor becomes 20% more than its resistance at 270C.The value of the temperature coefficient of resistance of the conductor is 2.0x10-4K-1. Q14.A cell of emf (E) and internal resistance (r) is connected across a variable external resistance (R) Plot graphs to show variation of (i) E with R (ii) terminal p.d. of the cell (V) with R.

Q15. State Kirchoffs laws of current distribution in an electrical network.Using these rules determine the value of current I1 in the electric circuit given below.

Q16. Two students X and Y perform an experiment on potentiometer separately using the circuit diagram shown here.

Keeping other things unchanged (i) X increases the value of resistance R (ii) Y decreases the value of resistance S in the set up How would these changes affect the position of null point in each case and why? Q17. Potential difference across terminals of a cell were measured ( in volts ) against different currents ( in ampere ) flowing through the cell. A graph was drawn which was a straight line ABC. Using the data given in the graph determine, (i) the emf and (ii) the internal resistance of the cell.

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

Q1. 12 cells,each of emf 1.5V and internal resistance 0.5 ,are arranged in m rows each containing n cells connected in series. Calculate the values of n and m for which this combination would send maximum current through an external resistance of 1.5 .

Q2. Prove that the current density of a metallic conductor is directly proportional to the drift speed of electrons. Q3. A number of identical cell ,n,each of emf E, internal resistance r connected in series are charged by a d.c. source of emf E, using a resistor R. (i) (ii) Draw the circuit arrangement. Deduce the expression for a. The charging current and b. The potential difference across the combination of the cells. Q4. A potentiometer wire of length 1m is connected to a driver cell of emf 3V as shown in the figure. When a cell of 1.5 V emf is used in the secondary circuit, the balance point is found to be 60 cm. On replacing this cell and using a cell of unknown emf, the balance point shifts to 80 cm.(3)

(i) (ii)

Calculate unknown emf of the cell. Explain with reason ,whether the circuit works, if the driver cell is replaced with a cell of emf 1V.

(iii)

Does the high resistance R, used in the secondary circuit affect the balance point? Justify your answer.

Q5. 4 cells of identical emf E, internal resistance r, are connected in

series to a variable resistor. The following graph shows the variation of terminal voltage of the combination with the current output:

(i) (ii) (iii)

What is the emf of each cell used? For what current from the cells, does maximum power dissipation occur in the circuit? Calculate the internal resistance of each cell.

Q6. Why is potentiometer preferred over a voltmeter for determining the emf of a cell? Two cells of emf E1 and E2 are connected together in two ways shown here.

E1 E2

E1 E2

The balanced points in a given potentiometer experiment for these two combinations of these two cells are found to be at 351.0 cm and 70.2 cm respectively. Calculate ratio of the emfs of the two cells. Q7. For the potentiometer circuit shown in the given figure, points X and Y represent the two terminals of an unknown emf E . A student observed that when a jockey is moved from the end A to the end B of the potentiometer wire, the deflection in the galvanometer remains in the same direction.

What may be the two possible faults in the circuit thet could result in this observation? If the galvanometer deflection at the end B is (i) more, (ii) less , than that at the end A, which of the two faults , listed above , would be there in the circuit? Give reasons in support of your answer in each case. Q8. For the circuit shown here, calculate the potential difference between points B and D.

Q9. In the metre bridge, the balance point is found to be at 39.5 cm from the end A, when the resistor Y is of 12.5 ohm. Determine the resistance of X. Why are the connections between resistors in a metre bridge made of thick copper strips ? What happens if the galvanometer and cell are interchanged at the balance point of the bridge? Would the galvanometer show any current?

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

Q1. Deduce the condition for balance in a Wheatstone bridge. Using the principle of Wheatstone bridge, describe the method to determine the specific resistance of a wire in the laboratory. Draw the circuit diagram and write the formula used. Write any two important precautions you would observe while performing the experiment. Q2.What is meant by the sensitivity of a potentiometer? A battery E1 of 4 V and a variable resistance Rh are connected in series with the wire AB of the potentiometer. The length of the wire of the potentiometer is 1metre. When a cell E2 of emf 1.5 volt is connected between points A and C, no current flows through E2. Length of AC = 60 cm.

(i)

Find the potential difference between the ends A and B of the Potentiometer.

(ii)

Would the method work, if the battery E1 is replaced by a cell of emf of 1 V.

Q3. Describe the formula for the equivalent emf and internal resistance for the parallel combination of two cells with emf E1 and E2 and internal resistances r1 and r2 respectively. What is the corresponding formula for the series combination? Two cells of emf 1V,2V and internal resistances 2 and 1 respectively are connected in (i)

series, (ii) parallel. What should be the external resistance in the circuit so that the current through the resistance be the same in two cases? In which case more heat is generated in the cells? Q4. State the working principle of a potentiometer. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, how the emf of two primary cells are compared by a using a potentiometer. In a potentiometer arrangement, a cell of emf 1.20 V give a balance point at 30 cm length of the wire. This cell is now replaced by another cell of known emf. If the ratio of the emf of the two cells is 1.5, calculate the difference in the balancing length of the potentiometer wire in the two cases. Q5. State Kirchhoffs laws of an electrical network. Using Kirchhoffs laws, calculate the potential difference across the 8 resistor.