Advancement On ANGUS Technologies

- Quality, Performance & Cost Saving

Stages of Coatings Life

Processing/Paint Manufacture

Storage & Transportation

Application

Film Integrity & Performance

Performance Requirements

AMP The Solution for Performance

Elements which Create Value:

Functional Advantages Efficient Use of Performance Additives

AMP

CH3 CH3 C NH2 CH2 OH

Functional Performance With AMP

AMP Value for Performance Needs:

+ Improve Dispersion + Adjust Surface Active Components + Optimize OH Functionality

AMP Value for Base Related Needs:

+ Maximize Neutralization Performance + Improve Alkalinity Control

AMP AS A CO-DISPERSANT

AMP Charge Stabilization

Pigment Surface Charge

+ Isoelectric Point (IEP)-Zero Charge

A High Adsorbing Alkaline Agent Enhances Electrostatic Repulsion (Dispersion)

Adsorption of AMP onto pigment surfaces

Wt% AMP Adsorbed, on Pigment Solids

0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Weight % Total AMP in Dispersion, on Pigment Solids #1 clay, 70% #2 clay, 70% Delaminated clay, 67.5% Rutile TiO2, 76.5% GCC, 76%

Dispersion Stabilization

Repulsion-Force Layer Formed Around Pigment Particle

+ Uniform Layer Necessary for Effective Stabilization of All Dispersed Particles

Dispersion Rheology

Interparticle Forces Hold Particles Together

+ These Interactions are Reduced By Use of Dispersants

Better Rheology Profile Indicates Improved Dispersion of Mineral Particle Suspensions

Dispersant Performance
AMP+POLYACRYLATE
100.000

POLYACRYLATE

VISCO SITY [Pa.s]

10.000 1.000 0.100 0.010 0.001 0.01 100.00

SHEAR STRESS [Pa]

Optimized Dispersant System

Co-Dispersant System with Anionic Polymers and AMP

+ Provides Efficient Use of Dispersants + Maximizes Dispersion Efficiency

Dispersant Demand
WITH AMP
800

WITHOUT AMP

VISCO SITY (CPS)

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0.14 0.19 0.24

% ACTIVE DISPERSANT (BY WT)

Optimized Dispersant System

Maximizes Pigment Utilization

- Offers Efficient Gloss

Semi-Gloss Paint
40 35

WITH AMP

60 DEGREE GLOSS

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

WITHOUT AMP

Optimized Dispersant System

Maximizes Pigment Utilization

- Offers Efficient Gloss

Stabilizes Dispersion
- Excellent Stability

Efficient Dispersion Offers Viscosity Stability

Viscosity Stability
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Percent Viscosity Change

8Wk

AMP-95

Control

Optimized Dispersant System

Maximizes Pigment Utilization

- Offers Efficient Gloss

Stabilizes Dispersion
- Excellent Stability

Enhances Film Performance

- Lower Level of Dispersants/Surfactants Improves Scrub Resistance

Optimize Surface Active Additives For Good Scrub Properties

Typical Paint - Scrub Performance

7
Percent Increase in Scrub

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 AMP-95 Control Scrub

Stages of Coatings Life

Processing/Paint Manufacture Performance Needs: Dispersion: (Efficiency)

Storage & Transportation

Application

Film Integrity & Performance

Dispersion: (Viscosity Stability)

Dispersion: (Gloss & Scrub)

ADJUST SURFACE ACTIVE COMPONENT PERFORMANCE WITH AMP

Maximize Rheology Additive Performance

Associative Thickeners - HEUR Type

Best Efficiency Achieved When Surface Active Additives are Optimized AMP Provides Optimum Performance

AMP with Associative Thickeners

MATERIALS
WATER PROPYLENE GLYCOL TAMOL 1124 (50%) DISPERSANT AMP-95 DEFOAMER BIOCIDE TIPURE R-900 TITANIUM DIOXIDE WATER ACRYLIC LATEX COALESCING AGENT NONIONIC SURFACTANT DEFOAMER HEUR ASSOCIATIVE THICKENER AMP-95 AMMONIA (28%) WATER TOTAL YIELD = 100.00 GAL.

CONTROL
12.0 65.0 5.4 0.0 1.0 1.7 268.0 88.0 494.0 19.5 2.5 1.0 39.5 0.0 2.0 66.7 1,066.3

WITH AMP
12.0 58.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 1.7 268.0 88.0 494.0 17.5 2.1 1.0 39.5 1.0 0.0 77.5 1,066.3

AMP with Associative Thickeners

PROPERTIES: PIGMENT VOLUME CONTENT INITIAL VISCOSITY - KU VISCOSITY: -4 WEEKS @ 50 C PH ICI VISCOSITY - POISE TYPICAL GLOSS - 60 CONTRAST RATIO CONTROL 23.5 85-90 88-93 9.0 1.4 61 0.983 WITH AMP 23.5 85-90 88-93 9.0 1.4 63 0.983

Maximize Rheology Performance

AMP 1000 Control

Initial Viscosity (Pa.s)

100

AMP CONTROL

10

0.1 0.01 1 Shear Rate (1/s) 100 10000

Stages of Coatings Life

Processing/Paint Manufacture Performance Needs: Dispersion: (Efficiency)

Storage & Transportation

Application

Film Integrity & Performance

Dispersion: (Viscosity Stability)

Adjust Surface Active Components: (Rheology Additive Utilization)

Dispersion: (Gloss & Scrub)

OPTIMIZE OH FUNCTIONALITY WITH AMP

Optimize OH Functionality with AMP

Active Alcohol Group

+ Optimize Performance to Meet Formulation Requirements + Provides Opportunity For Optimizing Glycols/Wet-Edge Agents To Achieve Good Film Integrity with Lower Odor and VOC

Optimize Performance to Meet Formulation Requirements

Parts By Weight Materials: Water Cellosize ER 4400 HEC Tamol 1124 Strodex PK-95G Triton CF-10 Propylene Glycol Sodium Carbonate AMP-95 Rhodoline 643 TiPure R-706 Polygloss 90 Disperse; then add: Water Latex Coalescing Solvent Acrysol RM-2020 NPR Rhodoline 643 Water Total (Yield=100 gal.)
VOC g/L MFFT C Freeze/Thaw Cycles Blocking (10 Best)

Control 165.2 2.2 3.0 1.25 1.5 6.0 2.5 0.0 4.0 235.0 35.0 23.3 482.0 4.8 8.5 2.0 89.71 1,065.96
~47 13 1 9

AMP-95 165.5 2.2 3.0 1.25 1.5 6.0 0.0 1.8 4.0 235.0 35.0 23.3 482.0 4.8 8.5 2.0 89.71 1,065.06
~47 11 2 10

Optimize Functionality to Meet Formulation Requirements

NO AMP GLYCOL AMMONIA 15.50 2.00 WITH AMP 11.75 0.00

AMP Lowers Odor and Maintains Performance

CONTROL NO AMP WITH AMP

FILM FORMATION RATING:

REDUCED LEVEL OF GLYCOL 3 0-1

0-1 0-1
1 : GOOD 2 : MODERATE 3 : POOR

Optimize OH Functionality with AMP

Active Alcohol Group

+ Optimize Performance to Meet Formulation Requirements + Provides Opportunity For Optimizing

Glycols/Wet-Edge Agents To Achieve Good Film Integrity with Lower Odor and VOC
- Adjust Components for Reduced Water

Sensitivity of Film

Adjust Functionality to Improve Film Performance

*VOC Reduction with AMP 12 g/L

Optimize OH Functionality with AMP

Active Alcohol Group + Optimize Performance to Meet Formulation Requirements + Provides Opportunity For Optimizing Glycols/Wet-Edge Agents To Achieve Good Film Integrity with Lower Odor and VOC - Adjust Components for Reduced Water Sensitivity of Film - Reduce Water Uptake To Enhance Film Performance

Reduce Water Transmission into Film for Improved Performance

18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Initial 2Hrs. 24 Hrs. 48 Hrs. 168 Hrs.

Percent Water Uptake

Control AMP-95

Time
VOC Reduction with AMP 17 g/L

Stages of Coatings Life

Processing/Paint Manufacture Performance Needs: Dispersion: (Efficiency)

Storage & Transportation

Application

Film Integrity & Performance

Dispersion: (Viscosity Stability) Adjust Surface Active Components: (Rheology Additive Utilization) Adjust OH Functionality: (Lower VOC, and Water Sensitivity)

Dispersion (Gloss & Scrub)

Adjust OH Functionality: (Reduce water uptake)

AMP VALUE FOR BASE RELATED REQUIREMENTS

Base Strength: Sidechains Ability to Release Electron Density

R R

N R
___

Base Strength: Sidechains on Nitrogen C2H4OR H CH3 C(CH3)2 CH2OH 1-(LOW)* 2 3 4-(HIGH)

*Ranked in Increasing Order to Release Electron Density

Base Strength: From Structure of Amine

AMP (2-H x2=4;1-C(CH3)2CH2OH x4=4) 8 NH3 (3-H x2=6) 6

Base Strength: pKa

AMP NH3

9.82 9.24

AMP Value for Base Related Needs

AMP Provides Efficient Neutralization Capacity During the Manufacturing Process

Alkalinity Control During Manufacture

10 9.5 9 8.5 pH 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 Increasing Time AMP Ammonia

AMP Value for Base Related Needs

AMP Provides Efficient Neutralization Capacity During the Manufacturing Process AMP Maintains Excellent Alkalinity Control

pH STABILITY IN LATEX PAINTS

AMP
9

CONTROL

8.5

pH

7.5

7 0 4 8 12

AGING (WEEKS)

Associative Thickeners HASE Type

Polymers Require Neutralization

+ Strong Base Readily Neutralizes Polymer

Optimum Stability/Performance Through Effective pH Control Maintain Performance Level While Optimizing Additives

AMP with Associative Thickeners

WATER TRITON GR-5 (60%) NONIONIC SURFACTANT AMP-95 DEFOAMER PROPYLENE GLYCOL ANIONIC DISPERSANT (40%) CELLOSIZE QP-4400 ATTAGEL 50 TITANIUM DIOXIDE CALCIUM CARBONATE DISPERSE; THEN ADD: COALESCING SOLVENT WATER DEFOAMER LATEX EMULSION BIOCIDE (1.5%) WATER AMMONIA (28%) HASE ASSOCIATIVE THICKENER WATER TOTAL YIELD=100.00 GAL. CONTROL 79.06 0.58 1.86 0.00 2.13 50.66 7.98 0.60 2.20 259.67 165.13 22.52 4.75 2.34 486.42 1.65 33.69 1.98 13.68 11.84 1148.74 AMP-95 93.07 0.50 1.42 3.21 2.13 37.85 6.63 0.60 2.20 259.67 165.13 21.33 4.75 2.34 486.42 1.65 33.69 0.00 13.68 11.84 1148.10

AMP with Associative Thickeners

AMP 98 VISCOSITY (KU) pH 85 GLOSS REFLECTANCE CONTRAST RATIO FREEZE/THAW CYCLES AMMONIA RESISTANCE (SECONDS) STAIN RESISTANCE: PEN PENCIL TOMATO CRAYON LIPSTICK DIRT PICK-UP REFLECTANCE ODOR VOC REDUCTION (g/L MINUS WATER) SPATTER CONTROL 97 9.1 49 89.1 0.967 2 50 NO EFFECT 43 NH3-TYPE AMP-95 97 9.1 50 89.3 0.968 2 55 NO EFFECT 53 LOW 22 LOWER

Rheology Analysis
CONTROL AMP
1.00E+02

1.00E+01

1.00E+00

1.00E-01

4.00E+00

9.00E+00

4.00E+01

1.20E+02

1.00E-01 1.00E+03

SHEAR STRESS [Pa]

VISCOSITY [Pa.s]

Efficient Neutralization of Rheology Modifiers to Maximize Performance

Typical Low PVC Paint - Flow/Leveling

5 Flow/Leveling Value* 4 3 2 1 0 AMP-95 Control Flow/Leveling

* 0 = Best Flow/Leveling 5 = Poor Flow/Leveling

AMP Value During the Stages of Coating Life

Processing/Paint Manufacture Performance Needs:

Dispersion: (Efficiency)

Storage & Transportation

Application

Film Integrity & Performance

Dispersion: (Viscosity Stability)

Base Related Needs:

Neutralization: (Efficiency & Low Odor) pH Stabilization

Adjust Surface Active Components: (Rheology Additive Utilization) Adjust OH Functionality: (Lower VOC, and Water Sensitivity) Maximize Neutralization: (Rheology Performance low odor)

Dispersion (Gloss & Scrub)

Adjust OH Functionality: (Reduce water uptake)

AMP Benefits

Optimizes Performance of Primary Dispersant System Improves Dispersion and Stability Allows Optimization of Additives

AMP Benefits

Enhances Film Performance Effective pH Control Offers Lower Odor

General Application Guidelines

Utilize 0.1 - 0.2 Percent on Total Formulation (Weight) - In The Grind Stage Lower Glycol Levels ~ 30 % Optimize Active Dispersant Level ~ 25% Adjust Surfactant System ~ 25% Add 0.15 Part (Wt.) AMP/Part HASE Rheology Modifiers

QUESTIONS?