Leon 1 : Bienvenue ! ( Wellcome !

)
I. Greeting someone. Formal
- Bonjour Monsieur / Madame / Mademoiselle - Bonjour. - Bonsoir (only used in the evening)

Friendly / Familiar
- Bonjour + Prnom (Christian name) - Bonjour. - Bonsoir (only used in the evening) - Salut

Bonjour : hello ! good morning ! good afternoon. Bonsoir : good evening ! Salut : hi ! Monsieur + last name : Mr. + last name. Ex. Abbreviation : M. Madame + last name : Mrs. + last name. Abbreviation : Mme Mademoiselle : last name : Miss. + last name. Abbreviation : Mlle II. Introducing oneself. By using the verb tre
Je suis M. Dor. Mme Ferro. Mlle Lu

Monsieur Dor. Monsieur Paul Dor. M. Dor. M. Paul Dor. Madame Dor. Madame Aline Dor. Mme Dor. Mme Aline Dor. Mademoiselle LU. Mlle LU Wan.

By using the verb sappeler

Je mappelle Jacques Dor. Lucie Ferro. LU Wan

Grammar : Conjugation Le verbe tre ( to be ) Je suis ( I am ... ) Tu es ( You are ...) [2] Vous tes ( Your are...) [2] Il est ( He is ...) [3] Elle est ( She is ...) [3] Le verbe sappeler ( ones name is ) [1] Je mappelle ( My name is ... ) Tu tappelles ( Your name is ... ) Vous vous appelez ( Your name is ... ) Il sappelle ( His name is ... ) Elle sappelle ( Her name is ... )

[1] - sappeler [ to call oneself ] : Je mappelle [ I call myself ], etc. - French verb forms can be divided into 2 parts : (a) the basic part that shows the meaning of the verb : the stem ( appel_ ) (b) the ending part that shows the verbs relationship with its subject : the ending - the verbs endings : _e , _es and _ent are not pronounced while the endings _er & _ez are pronounced as . - the letter l in the stem must be doubled for not pronounced endings. [2] 2 ways to say the subject you (singular ) : (a) familiar form : tu (b) polite form : vous

Generally, one uses tu to show intimacies, such as familiar members, relatives, closed friends, children, pets and vous to show politeness and distance ( strangers, people who are not ones friend, ) tu and vous both correspond to the singular you in English : tu is used as an informal and familiar form of address when talking to, for example, a friend, a child, a member of your family, an animal, or to anyone in a situation that allows for informality. It is a mark of intimacies and closed relationship. vous is used in 2 distinct ways : (1) to address one person as a mark of respect ( and at the same time, a mark of distance in the relationship). It is not easy to give hard-and fast rules for this polite use. - vous implies a certain formality in the relationship between the person speaking and the person spoken to, and is generally used when speaking to strangers, people in a position of authority, or people spoken to in official situations. (2) to address a group (more than one person = the plural you ). [3] il and elle are used to replace a person ( he / she ) as well as a thing ( it ). il is masculine, elle feminine. Attention : in questions Who is he/she ? or when introducing someone, we cannot use il / elle but ce/c (see B.1.)

III. Asking / providing with someones identity. Who is he/she ? : Qui est-ce ? / Cest qui ? / Qui cest ? He/She is . : - Cest May LEE. - Cest Paul CHEUNG. Compare with the ways to ask/give ones name. What is his name ? : - Il sappelle comment ? What is her name ? : - Elle sappelle comment ? His name is : - Il sappelle Paul CHEUNG.. Her name is : - Elle sappelle Ann TSUI.. Attention : The neuter Pronoun Ce / C [ before the verb tre ] The special neuter pronoun ce can also be used as Subject to point out a person or a thing without showing its nature (person or thing), gender (masculine or feminine), number (singular or plural). Examples : Persons : - Qui est-ce ? / Cest qui ? / Qui cest ? (Who is he/she ?) - Cest mon ami. (He is my friend) - Cest mon amie. (She is my friend) - Cest ma femme. (She is my wife) - Ce sont mes amis. (They are my friends) Note the difference between French and English in the use of the subject pronoun. Things : - Quest-ce que cest ? (What is this ?) - Cest mon livre. (This/It is my book.) - Cest ma photo. (This/It is my photos.)

- Ce sont mes livres et mes photos. (These are my books and photos.) This pronoun has 2 potential forms (spellings) : (1) before punctuation or a consonant sound : ce Ex. : Qui est-ce ? (2) before a vowel sound : the final _e is deleted and replaced by an apostrophe : c Ex. : Cest qui ? Qui cest ?

IV. Asking / Giving ones name Question Tu tappelles comment ? Vous vous appelez comment ? Il sappelle comment ? Elle sappelle comment ? V. About ones nationality. Male Je suis Tu es Vous tes Il est chinois franais italien belge chinois franais italien belge chinoise franaise italienne belge Female chinoise franaise italienne belge Answer Je mappelle Jacques / Aline. Il sappelle Jacques. Elle sappelle Aline.

Elle est

Grammar : French Adjectives / Les adjectifs : Descriptive adjectives (adjectifs qualificatifs) - Adjectives, used to provide extra information on nouns (or pronouns), agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) with the noun (or pronoun) they modify. Position :

In English as well as in Chinese, descriptive adjectives precede the noun. In French, except a small number of exceptions, adjectives NORMALLY follow the noun. And adjectives of colour, religion or nationality ALWAYS follow the noun. - Adjectives of Nationality Making the adjective of nationality feminine : 1. By adding the feminine mark _e at the end of the adjectives unmarked form (unmarked form is the word form given in dictionaries. French adjectives unmarked form = masculine singular form). (a) chinois franais allemand chinoise franaise allemande

Difference in oral : in the feminine form, the final _e makes the final consonant letter pronounced (the sound [z] & [d] in the examples). (b) espagnol No difference in pronunciation. espagnole

2. Adjectives ended with _ien _ienne italien italienne australien australienne Adjectives ended with _en _enne coren corenne europen europenne 3. Adjectives unmarked form ended with _e no change in feminine. suisse suisse belge belge No difference in pronunciation. 4. Adjectives with a more complex feminine mark. grec note : _c becomes _cque turc note : _c becomes _que grecque turque

===============================================