Unix Commands Reference Unix commands the first thing needed by a Unix sys admin, who are starting

to work in Unix operating system. Unix operating systems comes with online manual system, which can be used to see the command details, syntax options and examples on while working on a Unix system. Unix manual can be accessed using man <command name> and it requires the man package installed and MANPATH set to man directories. The manual page directories may differ in different Unix operating systems and man package may no be installed in all systems. Following are a few of the most popular and useful commands used in Unix operating system. WILDCARD Characters * The * wildcard character substitutes for one or more characters in a filename. For instance, to list all the files in your directory that end with .c enter the command ls *.c (question mark) serves as wildcard character for any one character in a filename. For Instance, if you have files named porg1, prog2, prog3 in your directory, the Unix command: ls prog?

DIR Change Make Move Remove FILE list, no details only names characters. list, details characters. move to directory copy file to other / current directory oldfile. delete the file remove files & file ls filename, filename with wildcard ls -l filename, filename with wildcard mv filename dirname (wildcard characters supported) cp file directory / newfile or cp directory / rm file , rm rf directory - Recursively directly without any warning. file filename, file command tries to determine the file type, text , executable etc after comparing the values in /etc/magic. cd dir Change to directory d mkdir dir Create new directory d mv dir1 dir2 Rename directory d1 as d2 rmdir dir Remove directory d

vi vi full screen editor ed Line Text editor count Line, word , & char Text content display List contents of file at once Text content display by screen : List contents of file screen by Concatenate file1 & file2 into file3 File operations Change read/write/execute mode of file chown move(rename) file remove Compare two files copy file file1 into file2 sort Alphabetically sort Numerically split f into n-line pleces match pattern List file differences Head f output beginning of file Output end of file BROCESS Suspend current process Interrupt processes Stop screen scrolling Resume screen scrolling Sleep for n seconds Print list of jobs Kill job n Remove process n Status process status stats Resume background jab n Resume foreground job n Exit front shell User admin Add a new user login to the system

vi filename, Opens a existing file or creates ed filename wc filename cat filename more filename cat file1 file2 >file3

chmod mode file chown [-R] [-h] owner [:group] file mv file1 file2 Rename file file1 as file2 rm file delete (remove) file f cmp file1 file2 cp file1 file2 sort file sort -n file split [-n] f grep pattern file Outputs lines that diff file1 file2 head file tail file

CTRL/z* CTRL/c* CTRL/s* CTRL/q* sleep n jobs kill % kill -9 n ps bg [%n] fg [%n] exit

#useradd u 655 g 20 d /home/ttes testlogin loginname

-u is user id , if not specified system takes highest available. -g group id should be existing in /etc/group, if not specified other or user is assigned. -d home directory, default is to use user as the directory name under the home directory. Login name new login name to be created. #useradd testlogin will create a user by the name testlogin with all default values. Password change Alias (csh/tcsh) create command Alias (ksn/bash) create alias command Alias remove alias Printer Output file f to line printer System status Display disk quota Print date & time List logged in users Display current user Output user information Display recent commands Environment variable set set command alone display the environment variables, it is used to set options in ksh like set o vi export export variable, export makes variable in sub shells. Set Environment variable (csh/tcsh) to sentenv name v Value v Set Environment variable (ksh/bash) to export name=v example : export TERM=vt100 Value v Connectivity Connecting to a remote host $telnet hostname/IP address or $telnet Telnet brings up the login prompt of remote host and expects you to enter your user name & password. With out argument it enters command mode (telnet>) and accepts command listed by ? at telnet> prompt. quota date who whoami finger [username] history lp -d printer file passwd <user> alias name1 name2 alias name1=name2 unalias name1[na2]

Communication is not encrypted between two hosts. Securely connecting to a remote host Ssh username@hostname or ssh -l username hostname Depending on ssh setting for your account you may or may not be asked a password to login. Your login/passwd will be same login password as you would use with telnet connection. Communication is encrypted between two hosts so if someone intercepts your communication he will not be able to use it. Copy files from/to remote host ftp hostname ftp expects you to enter your username/passwd or if it is ftp only account it will require ftp account password. Put, mput (multipleput) command is used to transfer files to remote host. get, mget (multipleget) command is used to transfer files from remote host. ftp allows some limited number of commands to be executed at ftp> prompt & summary of ftp command can be found by using ? at ftp> prompt Securely copy files from/to remote host localfile hosts. Test the tcp/ip connectivity between two hosts sftp username@hostname:remotefile Communication is encrypted between two Ping hostname If you can ping a host the host is reachable from the machine that you are using. Router/firewall configuration may prevent ping to succeed.

Backup and Restore Backup and restore using tar, tar Tapearchive tar archive Tar cvf filename.tar file1 file2 file3 --Create a tar archive called filename.tar using file1, file2, file3 Tar tvf filename.tar --- View the table of content of a archive Tar xvf filename.tar --- Extract content of a

tar cannot copy the special files, device files. Not suitable for taking root backup. Backup and restore using cpio cpio is mostly used in conjunction with other commands to generate a list of files to be copied: #ls cpio o > /dev/rmt/c0tod0 --- copy the contents of a directory into a tape archieve : #find . -depth -print | cpio -pd newdir --copy entire directory to other place : #find . -cpio /dev/rmt/c0t0d0 ---copy files in current directory to a tape. cpio can copy special files and hence useful in taking root backup containing device file. Find command is used to find the files, directories and to run commands on the list of files thus generated by default, find does not follow symbolic links. find . -name *.log -print ---Simple find to list log files. find . -name *.log -exec rm {} \; ---Simple find to find log files and delete them. find accepts a long list of options to find the files based on different parameters such as create time, modified time, of certain size etc. please refer to man find for more option.

Find files, directories Find files, directories

Technical questions asked of unix admins 1. What editor do you use (hint : a wrong answer here will heavily influence the interview) What is on ALL Unix systems? Ans:- Vi full screen editor ed line text editor 2. What shell do you use? (hint: a wrong insert here will affect your chances) Ans:- zsh bash ksh bourne shell 3. What is the best shell for root why is that the best shell for root? Ans:- zsh bash 4. 5. 6. why is that the best shell for root? Ans:List the operating systems you are familiar with and the versions? Ans:- Sco Unix, HP, IBM, Linux, AIX, Solaries, How do you backup your system? Ans:- Full backup

7.

What commercial tools have you used for backup and archive? Ans:- TIVOLI 8. What UID does root have across an NFS mount by default? Ans:9. What file contains the mounted file systems in Solaris? Ans:- /etc/vfstab 10. What file contains the mounted file systems in HP Unix? Ans:- /etc/fstab 11. What command identifies the NIS server you are bound to Ans:12. What is the name of the administrative tool for SUN? Ans:- SM (Solaries Management Tool) 13. What is the name of the administrative tool for HP? Ans:- SAM (System Administration Manager) 14. What is the name of the administrative tool for IBM? Ans:- SMIT (System Management Interface Tool) 15. If you are going to modify CDE files, which directory should you edit /usr/dt or /etc/dt? Ans:- /usr/dt 16. What differs between the NIS entry in the /etc/passwd file between HP and SUN? Ans:17. In Solaris 2.5 What is the name of the file with the NFS exported files? Ans:18. In Solaris 2.6 What is the name of the file with the NFS exported files? Ans:19. Identify some differences between CDE in Solaris 2.6 and Solaris 2.7? Ans:20. How can you tell what is attached to the SCSI chain on a SUN system? Ans:21. How can you tell what is attached to the SCSI chain on an HP system? Ans:22. What command will tell you have much memory a system has in Solaris? 23. What command will tell you have much memory a system has in HP Unix? 24. Where are system messages logged in Solaris? 25. Where are system messages logged in HP Unix? 26. How would you break an nfs mount on a system that has users on it? 27. Explain how you could stop and start a process without rebooting? 28. What command will tell you how long a system has been running? 29. What is lvm? 30. What is an hfs? 31. What is fsck? 32. What is jxfs or vxfs? 33. How do you get a Sun system to single user mode? 34. How do you get an HP system to single user mode? 35. What files control basic hostname and network information on a Sun? 36. Hint what files control basic hostname and network information on an HP?

37. Hint what command will provide status of your file systems on a Sun? 38. What command will provide status of your file systems on a HP? 39. What command will provide status of your file systems on a Linux system? 40. What file do you edit to permit non console login of root on a Solaris system? 41. What command with path launches open windows on a Sun os system? 42. What command provides information on the health and performance of nfs? 43. What command provides information on your network connection? 44. What are some of the tags in html that do not require a closing tag? 45. What command can you use to find the path to an application? 46. What option can you use with ftp to automatically transfer using wildcards? 47. What character show up in an asxii file created in masos or windows when ftpd in Binary mode 48. What does the Io scan command do? 49. What does the lan scan command do? 50. What command in Solaris shows disk partitions? 51. What are the tar commands to display the contents of an archive? 52. What directory are programs like perl and netscape installed in? 53. What is the recommended ration of swap to memory for X-windows? 54. What command tell s you who is logged into a file system? 55. What is the command to shutdown and halt a Sun system? 56. What is the command to shutdown and halt an HP system? 57. How do you mount a file system? 58. What command can you use to identify a hostname or IP address? 59. What character is used to launch an application and run it in the background? 60. What command lists the current running bobs? 61. How do you kill a running job? 62. Where are startup scripts for an HP Unix 10.20 system? 63. Where are startup scripts for a Solaris 2.6 system? 64. What command is used to display NIS host information for an IP address share f NFS o ro sun sunl sun data share f nfs o anon o data provides read and write permission share f nfs o ro sun share to see the permissions showmount -e to see the permissions showmount -e to see the mounts df mounts which all client has mounted the nfs directories nistab to ser nfs servers dfshare to see the server shared directories csfadm c mycache mount f cachefs o backfstype nfs cachedir myache sun naveen naveen mount f tmpfs o size 50 swap naveen 65. Choose all the correct answers in Solaris 1. How many disk slsices a disk can have? 8 7 6 1 2. Which file is used to set the default mask in Solaris? etc profile profile etc etc inittab 3. What are the advantage for making disk partitions? Easy to maintain Easy for backing up Limits problems to one partition only Space can be monitored easily 4. What does a sign in etc hosts?

Indicates all hosts are allowed only known hosts are allowed all users are allowed unknown hosts are also allowed 5. Which command is used to mount local file system ? mount mountall mount mount -f 6. Which command line option gives a run level and output headings? who -b who -r who -rh who -rh 7. Which command is used to change the auto boot feature in Sun ultra eeprom amto boot true eeprom auto boot true eeprom autoboot true eepromn auto boot true if patch id is 123456 10 sthen its revision number is 123 456 10 6-10 8. Which commands can be used to make a device alias? devalias ok prompt dvalias at root prompt nvram at ok prompt drvconfig at root prompt 9. Where in Solaris encrypted passwords are stored? etc passwd etc shadow etc default passwd etc inittab 10. What is required in a diskless workstation for Solaris workstation? CPU, monitor, keyboard, hard disk CPU, monitor, keyboard, cdrom drive CPU, monitor, keyboard, Ethernet card CPU, and Ethernet card only 11. Which of the following points to virtual file system? dev disk cotodos3 dev rdsk cotodos3 dev mnd dsk cotodos3 dev vx rdsk data voll 12. Which Solaris command is used to correct file system problems? newfs fasck mkfs Format 13. Which is the configuration file for the tip command? etc tip conf etc remote etc inittab d profile 14. When auto mount daemon needs to be restarted? when direct map is changes when indirect map is changes no need to restart when a new user is created 15. What is the default configuration cluster in Solaris installation developer core end user entire distribution? 16. Which utility is used to administer the port monitor? sacadm pmadm ttyadm adjmmintool 14. What is the command to assign a IP address to QFE network interface write the vommand 10 30 usr bin log info entry in cron Jab will execute the program every at 10.30 every Thursday at 10.30 every Saturday 10.30 every Wednesday at 10.30 what do you need for a fresh Solaris installation host name ip address net mask domain name how can you see the prom version show version prom banner version 15.Which file enables you to disable root login on terminals?

etc default login etc system 16. Which directory contain run level control scripts? etc rc2 d etc init etc rc3 d 17. Which command show the patch installed in the system? patchadd show rev show patch patch list 18. What are the advantage of having a virtual file system? Large capacity volumes Increased file system size performance enhancement backup becomes easy 19. Which file is used to define default run level for init process at booting time? etc ttyyab etc btyadm etc inittab etc profile 20. Which command shows kernel parameters and driver module information? sysconfig prtconfig dmesg prucobf a multiuser operating system is one in which many users can work simultaneously many process can work simultaneously a large number of users can be created a number of user home directories can be created 21. What is true about software packages it is group of files, directories they are grouped to form clusters it is standard way of delivering software in Solaris, they can be installed using pkgadd command. 22. What type of names are used for administering disk drives in Solaris environment? Physical logical virtual disk instance 23. How many run level in Solaris? answer :- 8 run level there are Solaris network daemon answer inetd 24. How to stop the process using process name? answer:- pkill process name Solaris kernel name answer kernel sparcy9 Unix 25.How to recover root password? answer:- boot form the cdrom mount the cotodoso timp open estc shadows file delete the encrypt entry boot the systems and you can login with no password. 26. What does fmthard do? answer:- fmthard is tools or copy vroc one hard drive to other hard drive answer fmthard is a very useful command during the time of systems recovery it helps in rebuilding the files system as it was before crash fmthard take the output of prtvtoc and rebuilds the slices fmthard can be used to format many hard disks at the same time are kernel parameters tunable during runtime answer in etc systems file What is the difference between nfs version 2 and nfs version 3? answer :- nfs 2 default 8kb transfer rate, it did not check the authentication at the time connection client wants to access Unauthorized file it shows error messages like write error read error nfs 3 32 kb transfer rate. It check at the time connection acl support What is rpc?

Answer:- remote procedure call Solaris used for transaction in nis Answer:- remote procedure call The application will cause the code to be executed in remote host and return the value back to the application. Until that time, application will be suspended. The RPC is synchronous kind. What is jass? Answer :- The Solaris Security Toolkit, formerly known as the jumpstart Architecture and Security Scripts (jass) toolkit, lprovides a flexible and extensible mechanism to harden and audit Solaris operating systems (oss) How do you boot from a network with jumpstart? Answer:- ok boot net-install (for install the OS in client system) Ok boot net to boot client system from network Answer:- jumpstart hand off installation, like windows ghost. What is jumpstart? Answer:- By using jumpstart we can install OS at a time on multiple systems, by this we can save the time this id done by keeping OS dump in a system, from this system we can install the OS For this, the system architecture should be same. How do you boot from CD-Rom Answer:- boot cdrom booting from cdrom boot net booting from network card Answer:- command boot crfrom s we can use this command What does init 0 do? Answer:- init 0 is ok boot prom level What does init 5 do? Answer:- init 5 system halt mode Answer:- shutdown What does ndd do? Answer:- Several of the network settings discussed in this artic are configured using the ndd command. It is used to examine and set kernel module parameters, namely the Transmission Control Protocol Internet protocol (TCP/IP) drivers Most kernel parameters accessible through ndd can be modified without rebooting the system. To see which parameters are available, use the following ndd commands. Ndd dev arp Ndd dev icmp Ndd dev ip

Ndd dev tcp Ndd dev udp What is etc system for? Answer:- etc system is a kernel configuration file The etc system file is the control file for modifying which modules and parameters are to be loaded by the kernel at boot time. By default, all lines in this file are commented out. Modifying the kernels behavior (or configuration) requires editing the etc system file. Altering this file allows you to modify the kernels treatment of loadable modules as well as to modify kernel parameters for some performance tuning What is an alternative to the top command on Solaris? Answer:- prstat What is OBP and how do you access it? Answer:- open boot Prom this is 0 run level in Solaris stop + A or in command mode init 0 How do you get system diagnostics information? Answer:- dmesg How do you view shared memory statistics? Answer:- vmstat S Answer:- As said above, vmstat S and you can check the shared memory with ipcs a How do you create a Solaris package? Answer:- pkgadd d dir host What does the pkgadd command do? Answer:- it used for Software installation like third party tools What is rpc why do I need it? Answer:- RPC is simply known as Remote Procedure call this is the fundamental in NFS (Network File System) Difference between NFS version 2 and Fns version 3? Answer:- NFS version 2 supports 8Kb transfer rate, client can access unauthorized file they give errors

NFS Version3 supports 32 kb transfer rate, first check the permissions after that they give connection permission What is OBP and how u r going to access it? Answer:- Open boot Prom stop + A or init 0 How can you set EEPROM settings from Solaris? Answer:- using eeprom command Tell me some of the differences between Solaris and sun OS Answer sun OS is BSD based Solaris is used system V kernel Security point of view, whats there in NIS+ than NIS? Answer :- NIS =Centralized domain NIS+=centralized and multiple domains as well as used as ADS in windows server Answer :- NIS+ means to control centralized domain like ADS Nis means it is a centralized domain used as single domain If you have forgotten the root password for a server, how do you get back in? Answer :- boot net S Mount/dev dsk cotdos0 a Cd a etc Term=vt100 Export TERM Vi shadow //remove passwd field after save the file Cd/ Umount/a Sync Init 6 You can receive e-mail, but when u try to send e-mail u wrong?

cant send any what is

Answer :- problem may be in RELAY ONS lookup Answer :- The problem can be with the outgoing port number used. Answer :- The SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is may not be run. If you have multiple Ethernet interfaces, how do you keep it from routing between them? Answer :- touch etc notrouter

What is uadmin and what does it do? Answer :- uadmin is command control for basic administrative functions How would you truncate a log file that is growing too large if you dont have space to compress it or to move it somewhere else? How would you do it? Answer :- cp dev null File Name When you ping server and ping server domain name you get different results why? Answer :- If you give ping hostname the server will give the result from etc hosts file if you give ping hostname domain name then I will search through internet. Answer :- if your are pointing to the DNS server why you need to add it in a etc hosts If you are not able to ping through hostname just type dns in etc nsswitch conf file if you try to access through hostname it read the nsswitch. Conf file this file will point to dns server How do you give a user access to an application or program that needs to run as root without giving them the root password? Answer : Update the etc sudoers with a sudo rule. Answer :- write RBAC (Role Based Access Control) rules for that specific program or application If fsck is running one thind u should not do whats that? Answer :- fsck is a useful command to bring back a corrupted file system back into working condition one important thing u should note while using this command is that never never fsck on a mounted file system and while it is running never try to restart the system If you mistype a password how do you clear it out to retype the password again? Answer :- clear password filed in etc system file Answer :- if you are in the middle of typing a Solaris Unix password and you fat finger it Ctrl U& will clear the incorrect text you have entered and you can immediately retype the entry while at the same prompt If you can ping a server but cant telnet or ssh to it what wrong? Answer :- if service not enable the server uncomment tcp ssh service in etc inetd conf You can ping servers on the subnet your workstation is on, but not other subnets why Answer :- need to update the routing table with a route to the subnet in question route add Suppose if u want to reconfigure the kernel then how you are going to do?

Answer :- touch reconfigure Boot r What are the files in /etc directory? Answer :- The files in /etc directory are all configuration files Answer :- The files in /etc are all binary executable files usually required for system administration. Answer :- etc directory contains configuration files of all the services. What is the main advantage of creating links to a file instead of copies of the file? Answer :- The main advantage is not really that it saves disk space (though it does that too) but, rather, that a change of permissions on the file is applied to all the link access points. The link will show permissions of irwxrwxwx but that is for the link itself and not the access to the file to which the link points. Thus if you want to change the permissions for a command, such as su , you only have to do it on the original. With copies you have to find all of the copies and change permission on each of the copies Etc default login etc system Which directory contain run level control scripts? Etc rc2 d etc init d etc rc3 d usr bin Which command show the patch installed in the system? Patchadd p showrev p showpatch patchlist What are the advantage of having a virtual file system? Large capacity volumes increased file system size performance enhancement backup becomes easy Which file is used to define default run level for init process at booting time? Etc ttyyab etc ttyadm Etc inittab etc profile Which command shows kernel parameters and and driver module information? Sysconfig prtconfig dfmesg prtconf A multiuser operating system is one in which? Many users can work simultaneously many processes can work simultaneously A large number of users can be created A number of user home directories can be created

What is true about software packages? It is group of files directories they are gouped to form clusters It is standard way of delivering software in Solaris They can be installed using pkgadd command. What type of names are used for administering disk driven in Solaris environment? Physical logical Virtual disk instance What is the command to check the system configuration (ex Memory size Hard disk capacity No of Processor? Answer cfgadm a What is difference between Process and Daemon? A daemon is a software process that runs in the background (continuously) and provides the service to client upon request Server process run runs one time when called by a daemon Once done it will stop For example telnetd (in telnetd) or ftpd called from kinetd inetd daemon How do you determine which Run Level the system is running? Who How will you add a virtual IP address to a server. Given the interface hme0/eth0/qe0 and IP 10.76.176.1? #ifconfig qe0:1 plumb #ifconfig qe0:1 10.10.1150 up What is sticky bit? When this is set on a directory only the file in that directory can be removed or renamed if: a user owns the directory User owns the file Super User How many different kill signals are there? Ans :- 47 EXIT HYUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT EMT FPE KILL BUS SEGV SYS PIPE ALRM TERM USR1 USR2 CLD PWR WINCH URG POL STOP TSTP CONT TTIN

TTOU VTALRM PROF XCPU XFSZ WAIATING LWP FREEZE THAW CANCEL LOST XRES RTMIN RTMIN+1 RTMIN+2 RTMIN+3 RTMAX-3 RTMAX-2 RTMAX1 RTMAX What setting determines the default permissions for files and directores? Ans umask How can you come to the home directory? Ans cd $Home How can we find RAM size in solaris server? Ans Use this command # psrinfo grep memconf How to do see the processor information? #psrinfo #psrinfo-v to see which processor are online and offline How to change processor operation status? #psradm a n to set all processor online #psradm f 2 3 make processor 2 and 3 offline How to make processor 4 offline? #psradm f4 offline How to make processor 3 online? #psrinfo V to see the status #psrinfo a 3 online How to see the kernel version and supported by it? #isainfo How to see the default boot device from the boot prom #setenv boot-device disk Boot-device=disk? #reset-to make the changes How to see all the information of the hardware related from bootprom?

#banner or #prtconf How to see the physical disk connected to the system? #probe-scsi How to see all pci slots? #probe-pci-slots Or #probe-pci-all How do you check your loop back or network devices ok test net? How to check the clock devices? Ok netwatch-clock How to set environment variable in NVRAM #invalias /pcirarp to set scsi for booting of client? #nvalias net dhcp to boot from dhcp #nvunalias net remove the alias How to configure newly attached hardware? #devfsadm Or #drvconfig What are raid0, raid1 and raid5? How to create state database replica? #metadb How to see the state bases? #metadb How to change the default level from 8kb to 4kb? #metadb -a -f l 4096 c0t0d0s1 How to create 2 database replicas? #metadb a f c 2 c0t0d0s1 How to create raid 0 concatination?

#metainit d0 2 1 c0t0d0s1 1 c0t1d0s1 How to see the meta device information? #metastat Newfs /dev/md/rdsk/d0 Mount /dev/md/dsk/d0 /nav How to differentiate concatenation and strippong? when used metastat command stripping with show an interlace value 32kb this shows it is striped. How to create raid 0 stripping? #matainit d1 1 2 c0t0d0s1 c0t0d0s2 #metastat #newfs /dev/md/rdsk/d1 #mount /dev/md/dsk/c1 /naveen How to clear metadevices? #metaclear d0 #metaclear d1 How to create mirroring raid l? #metainit d1 1 1 c0t0d0s1 Metainit d2 1 1 c0t0d0s2 Metainit d3 m d1 Metattach d3 d2 Metastat How to create stripe with parity? #metainit d1 raid5 c2t0d0s0 c0t0d0s0 c0t2d0s0 Metastat Newfs /dev/md/rdsk/d1 Mount /dev/md/rdsk/d1 /naveen How to grow the size of the volume? #growfs M /naveen c0t0d0s1 How to create raids using volume manager?

#vxassit g rootdg make vo101 20g #newfs /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vo101 #mount /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/vol101 /naveen b) vxassit g rootdg make vo102 20g layout=stripe st_width=32 #newfs /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vo102 #mount /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/vo102 /naveen c) vxassit g rootdg make vo103 20g layout=mirror newfs /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vo103 mount /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/vo103 /naveen d) vxassit g rootdg make vol4 20g layout=raid5.nologs newfs /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vol4 mount /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vol4 How to print plexes , subdisk , volumes? Vxprint pt for plexes Vxprint st subdisk Vxprint vt volumes How to increase the size of the volume? Vxassit r rootdg growby vol01 20g /usr/lib/fs/fsck F ufs M /naveen /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vol01 40980 (offset volue by typing the vxprint vt command) What is the top command used for its lists all the processes with the process id Cpu utilization and idle cpu Memory utilization and idle memory? Swap utilization and ideal swap application using maximum cpu utilization with pid What is lofs used for? Lofs list open files is used for to check a problem encounter with a file or process What is the use of truss command? Trace system call for every running file Whats are the fields in vfstab ? Mount device-raw device for fsk-mountpoint-filesystem-fsckcheck-mount at boot and it contain all the mounted filesystem

How to break root password ? #ok boot cdrom s TERM=ansi Export TERM Mkdir /naveen Mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /naveen Vi /naveen/etc/passwd Root:KHGHGHGGFG:-remove this junk passwd Wq! Reboot it logins with out asking for password Password enter new password How to create a user ? useradd u uid g gid d /export/home/naveen m s /bin/sh naveen Whats are the files which maintain user information? /etc/passwd /etc/group /etc/shadow Fields in /etc/passwd ? user-passwd-uid-gid-homedirectory-shell Fields in /etc/group ? groupname-gid Fields in /etc/shadow ? username:encrypted passwd min-max-lastchange-warn-expire How to create a quotas? cd /export/home Touch quotas Chmod u+rw quotas Edquota naveen Soft=5000 hard=6000 inodes=5000 inode=5500 Quotan v /export/home Repqupota v /export/home or quota v naveen to see quota How to create a nis master?

Domain name sun.com Echo sun.com etc default domain Vi etc hosts Sun1 192.168.0.1 Sun2 192.168.0.2 add all the host connected to the network Wq Cp etc nsswitch. Nis etc nsswithc.sonf Vi etc nsswitch.conf File nis-add this entry Wq Cd vary p Ypinit-m master server Enter host 192.168.0.1 Stop at errors say no here Yes-yes-yes Cd vary p User/lib/netsvc/yp/ypstop /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypstart Here you can see all the deamon get restarted Which command display the default nis server ? Ypwhich Which command will display all the master and slave servers ? Ypcat k ypservers How to see the nis users ? Ypeat passwd What are the deamons for nis master ? Ypserv ypbind ypxfrd rpc.ypassword rpc.ypupdates How to create nis slave server (192.168.0.2) ? Vi/etc/host Sun 192.19\68.0.1 master server ip Wq Cp etc nsswitch.nis etc switch.conf Vi nsswitch.con Files nis Wq

Domainname sun.com Echo sun.com etc defaultdomain or to maintain more security vary p ypservers Cd vary p Ypinit s sun1 (master server) Yes give master server ip or hostname Error say no Yes-yes Cd var up if u u in that directory then its okay Usr lib netsvc yp ypstop Usr lib netsvc yp ypstart Ypserv ypbind Ypwhich-will display master and slave servers Ypcat-k ypservers-list master and slave server What are the daemon for nis slave server ? Ypserv ypbind Who to see nis user from the slave ? Ypcat passwd How to configure nis client ? Vi etc hosts Sun1 192.168.0.1 master Sun2 192.168.0.2 slave Wq Cp etc nsswithc nis etc nsswitch.conf Domainname sun.com Echo sun.com etc defaultdomain or vary p ypservers Cd vary p Ypinit c Add the slave if available or master Yes No at errors Cd vary yp User lib netsvc yp ypstop Usr lib netsvc yp ypstart Daemons for nis clients are ypbind To see nis server and master from the client Ypcat k ypservers How do you update slave servers from th master ? Cd vary p

User ccs bin make passwd Or yppush How to create nis+ server and client ? Cp etc passwd export home nisfiles Cp etc group export home nisfiles Cp etc hosts export home nisfiles Vi auto_master Remove all entries and keep only user name home directories ? Host1 192.168.0.1:/export/home Host2 192.168.0.1:/export/home Wq #domainname sun.com #echo suns.com etc defaultdomain #nisserver r Y Reboot #cd/export/home #nspopulate v F How to create nis+ client ? #cp/etc/nsswitch.nis etc nsswitch. Conf Files nisplus Wq #domainname sun.com #echo sun.com etc defaultdomain #nisclient -1 h 192.168.0.1 d sun.com Listing table & objects in NIS+ #nisis ;Gives the total objects in NIS+ #nisis org dir ;Listts the tables listed in the directory Listing a contents of tables #niscat passwd.org dir Listing table structure #niscat o passwd.org dir lists structure of password table. Adding A user #niscat -0 passwd.org dir ;lists structure of password table. Adding A user #niscat a name=john uid=123 gid=111 home=/home/john shell=/bin/sh passwd.org dir Changing the user information in passwd table (Super user only)

Fill in the corresponding values in #nistbladm a name= passwd= uid= gid= home= shell= passwd.org_d Example #nistbaldm a name=john uid=123 gid=234 home=/home/john shell=/bin/sh passwd.org_di To change only shell #nistbaldm m shell=/usr/local/bin/bash [name=john], passwd.org_dir Changing user passwd As root #nispasswd user name user has to update his key through chkey p As user $ nispasswd ;update encrypted key $chkey p (user NIS+ passwd and login passwd are the same $chkey p ;(user NIS+ passwd and login passwd are the same) Adding user credentials #nisaddcred p 123 p john local #nisaddered p unix 123@planet.com P john.planet.comd des 123 is userid and john is the user name. Adding/removing a user dir entry in auto home table : #nistbladm a key=john value=10.20.40:/home/john auto_home.org_dir #nistbladm r key=john auto_home.org dir :if key is not unique then more fields needs to be defined Removing a user #nistbladm r name=john passwd.org_dir Modifying the tables for multiple entries. #nisaddent d passwd tmp passwd Dump the table to a file #vi /tmp passws ;Edit the dumped file #nisaddent r f etc passwd passwd put back the dumped file nisaddent command is available only for some of the standard tables, for others either nispopulate stbladm has to be used How to create backup by usf dump ? Ufsdump-0(zero) cvf/dev/rmt/0/naveen How to list the files ? Ufsrestore tvf/dev/rmt/0 Ufsdump uvf/dev/rmt/0/naveen to updates Ufsrestore ivf/dev/rmt/0/naveen

How to back up using tar ? Tar cvf/dev/rmt/0naveen Tart tvf/dev/rmt/0 Tar dvf/dev/rmt/0/naveen Tar xvf/dev/rmt/0/naveen What are the deamon for nfs server and what are each used for Nfsd- it enables file system exporting and file access request from the client Mount-it handle mount request from the client Lockd-provides locking facility for server and client Mohntd-it checks lockd to provide crash and recovery finctions How do you share and access a file from using nfs ? Vi/etc/dfs/dfstab Share-F nfs/naveen Wq #Exportfs-va #cd/etc/inet.d Sh nfs.server stop Sh nfs. Server start Sh rpc stop Sh rpc start Or we can use Svcadm restart svc:/network/nfs/server deafault CLIEN Nfstab-to see nfserver and shared directory Mount f nfs sun1:/naveen/naveen Vi /etc/fstab Sun1:/naveen -/naveen nfs-yesWq #sharp-F nfs o ro=sun1 /data