You are on page 1of 54

l

l^]

sZ]Z

]gz Z z,
6klyW

^n

~g"
@x@Z e

~*
!Wha)gzZ}Z:Y1857

m]]

*
!i

Xv W3 zZ KZ

10

+zZZ;)

zm\vZ-]Z Y

ln ]]

13

~g+Zx ?
-
+G@1*
*

b)zx Z

l]^j]

z7}uzqZ

nini

18

4E!
Co ,
mG
0G

~`g Zi *
! bzZ,
6kZxs

m l

21

pZZ e

]Z g Zz]x:i Z$
dzZp

] ^n]

24

kI,
'YxZ e

t W6 zZi6g

l^m

27

+Z ` Zu:7

~`z uZ

29

~g x*
*

kl` ZcK2wg

^ l

33

~g @b

\vZgy{M
IZy{

6n^ n

37

~gvZ:7

|*
@0Z] W]*
cW

^] e

40

k I C,
'"
Z=

*
*#
|V1

o`

44

{g Z Z

k n

48

{g Z Z

Vx/
uCgzZId
]z]Z ,
W G
&Mg

53

x Z} Z

C&&X 8Z&]Yo

56

dg{

5 Z

16

Y 2011

nf

1^ l
l^
e^ o^]
~sZ )x

]gzZ
z6,
klyW

^n

( sZ]Z) ~g *
* :i Z

t c*
',ws{zwi **

6,zm\vZ -g klyW
[ +F,
x{wi **
]+Z[gvZ
x Z kZ pg yZZ6,xyW
X a 3 Zg Wg-i 7a
Mi
X YH6,
]Z
z
/! xgzZ]ZVzgzZgzZg YDW V\W~g D zg D zg **
zg 0
+?z **
`W
tp ;g Y@*
g
/
z90
+
i ~g D D
ZzV V
Hk(,
n%
G
Le 9
6,V
KZ}g V G34$ZK zm\vZ -u 0*
[8LZ)f yW
:
VvZ
zg B{ ^
,Y 0
+
ikyZ\W
/ZX 7e% zm\vZ -yW
r
# gzZyW
Zt
0
+
i yZ {e~ klyW
6,
gi0
+
i yZ n
pgx CZ~ V
KZ [ x6,}i
\ W zm\vZ -] g Z]
.@*
g wgX 0*
yW
7I yW
{ z H
yW
x
z
X {e~u 0*
yW
V
H0
+
iZ:\vZyZgx
J} 1zZzx Z/
zmvZ -vZ wg Y { i Z0
+Z !l\W TN
5Zzq
-Z \vZ g Z & **
~ sf
X c*

Za VZ/_
. yW!*
~V/LZ
# ] n f o mrF] n F] oFe ] o]] i+ m ] $ ] ]] i^m : \~g !*

gZ
RgzZ Zz~? {zN 3:ngzZ DNN]En u$ # ] # ] $m ] f%vi] ] vn ] n
7
z Z ?H, g
/
ggzZ,s cegzZV Zz]~{ ZgvZgzZVgzZV Zz"
$Z
Zz
G
'
X y!*
$ZzvZgzZ}~g +vZ n
pg
\ W{zgzZ,: u|Bb3n \Wwi **
~}g !*
\vZg & 1Z]|e
$Wt
VrZBV Zzo6,>Zx QVa1D VZ ay
yZ \WX~g$
+`
'g Z **
d
W!{
& 1Z]|Z
) {6,\ WgzZ wi **
V`e
$W!*
{gZ
# X 3nt\ WakZkZ
DI]!*
kZ n~=!vZ} Z XX^ i ] g% v^$]^e$ ^m # ] oFeZ
L n\vZg
X c*
qz**
~g ZwgzZ **
ZZ b{ c*
i\W[ZgzZ}s
Zq
-ZsZ
# Zz: n: **
H: { k
H\W6,yW!*
/_
. Z & ]| Yy!*

]Z t wq Zg ` WX { c*
i yz bgzZ ntLa F
g Z
g ZX ~g Zf
I
-d 76,klyW
p Y} {Z
+J
-u~zb
t >XE
Z (,
t6,VWP0
yW!*
p
/ZX ~gzo Z <
L z yW
a
W + F,
[ xX Y0 7=g f ! x
X =g 6,
xs sZX <
L zyW
]+Z[gvZX}g
/VZ
/
6,
}g

Y 2011

~sZ )x

m]]

gZ:ZZ
+~!*
Wha)gzZ}Z:Y1857
(,
M DY- ~ eZ8} Z* Z )V `
d ~g@"hI!N@:i Z

* ~( 25mY 2008c @*
*
', Z ) - - g,
-zg Z 6,
~ Zi W~g gzZ
L L[~tg
z szc
~ Y 2011 Z
# [ZX g } 3 C0
+
V [<Zz ] ~z f J 7, Zg Z
# { K-
)]|k
,
Z Kg m<!*
L IZ} fqgz x
<
/
ugzZ g k',
B 150wz~ !*
Wha)[zZZ
+
Zsgx z x **
yZ gzgzigzZ
HHysx **
[zZZ
+w kZ6,
ZS z q
- kI Z [
pZi W_ ZgzZ t~ V {**
Z6,!&zYHk
,
6,[zZZ
+tgZ Z q
-Z c*
W~ f `
a kZ c qN~
/
%_}gzZ Z w! q
-Z V `
d ~g@"
x@Z e
z [szc
z',
(
" Z=)X ;g YH7tg Z Zg yZBb]~g@xZ e

zdI Y 1857[zZ~gzZ#
mX ;g {g Z[ ZzgzZzD *U iZg Z
y{v Z Z Zi%( | 1285x ) {"
gi W+Zg ?( | 1278x ) ~!*
Wha) ~ yZ B k ]Z|X~ * ! Z
~g7 !x"
**
' xgzWx **
"L LX @*

~ !*
Zz Z+F,
i wzZ Lrg
"y{gzZ ( | 1285x )
"

:
+Zg? ~ !*
W**
X Vig e {zg 0*
M F,
K
g ZLwXc! Z yz*[zZ L L
( 81mxgzWx **
:~g7!x **

) X
"gzZ
"Zi%{"

gi W
Vz ( Y 1829&| 1244] z)Z:~ !*
Wx Za**
]
. LZzyZgzZ ( Y 1797&| 1212] z) ~ !*
Wha)
g izg Uug ZZz,VzX Y !*
ZzY !Z U%gzZD YKg ~xgzZ LZ
#
O-G
. gzZ +`zz sZgzZ **
- {z : Zg WIIt kZ ; q ?E
~]]Z|yZ
E

n
pg {oZ]
.Z]
.gzZ w G
5B Z Z p z( ~ !*
Wha)y{ZuX .
YK
~
] Z W,
ZZz~ !*
Wha)6,
zfu
5p;#h
+~] 5.

: u}
E
"LLZc*
zygzZgizg}~y.zxE0L L
Uu\WLZv
H;g!*
Ze E
5E
E
M
$ lZ
GLE
4h
~iZ
uL (Z~[ZzD],/
Z CZ~
/

w}Zswq
-Zy!*
iyZZ
# B

3 yZWZz
IyZWZz s
yZy E
5B\X `g) m,
zW
g LE
) gzZ `g zG
00kb
# b H
G

yZ3g gzZ[WlpL8XL ]IgyZ { 0*


pZz`z
ZyZ GZYZ%ZgzZlpus
#b
N L
|
!

LB X 5{ZyZ3,
*t 4ggyZ gzZ /0*
W]gTyZzu[**
L )
E
GLrCWy!*
(281mh
+ E
5{ZgU*
W:u)X C:~gc*

igyZ
/ZgzZXSg: b
"7,

J
WZ L& q
-Z Zi W Vzm,
Zy*zy }iu ZzD~ fgzZIZC
|]g @*
kZ
YE GEGE
&
.gLEe
~
$.Y 1857~ Zi WL 58E:
Z 04Z
+ L gLzZt:Z >gjZ L L") q~ !*
Wha)w
Y 2011

~sZ )x

~2 yZZ G
!L/
Ll
zg Z
pZ [ L L ~[; Z0 ~ !*
Wha)Va X n
pg w
G
J
l{ c*
i bz,\W:
L ,Z/ H Z Zg Z~~h
+ F,
;z L& vBB~ Z
YE
qz It V D Za cs Vz g0~ Zi WL 58EgzZ% Z e {6,6,@Zz ]g @*
p V O ;I
x Zg gzZ ~g7 x Zg
"
V{ Zi q
Z **
~ KkZ X c*
7 ~ !*
W ha) : s Vzm,
Z c*

: Zg Z)f)L Ls6,]!*
kZg
u ]!*
.L Lx**
_
zi L LZg CZ VM qq Z
Z~Y 1960ygzZY 1957 ~Z~ q
-L)
L **
{ }pyxyZX7\)6, :s Vzm,
Z
/zc]c*
zg Z~ Z {
gzZ ~w',} ZgZ{z x~}g !*
r
#
"
X
K
M nZ
YE
xZg H {C
b+4L L ~gZ+
$Y~g
: ]L L\W~e } Z :Y 1857 ~ Zi WL 58E:
L ,Z
(y 0*
) ~g[-ZWz6,,iZ {z? g P]g@*
[ ]!*
.{z ;7 ~}g!*
_

YE
I
},zX7z~~ZiWL 58E
~!*
Wha) c*
Zhz~yZyZ~]Vz yZ E
L ;X\ZL LCZ
Z
# @*
Za$kZ ~gL
L Br
# [-Zce**
ZzX ~7,
-"CyZ}
X}g* +}(,
;zW,
ZZ r
# ~gvZtz1Z}(,
yZ6,
sgzZzc!;z{z
|kZ ]Z|F,
Zz + yZhggZE
PyZ~ Z {
gzZ ~w',} ZgZ
Y
E

58E
gzi~ Zi Wq
-gzZ Ybzg } Z :~ !*
WhL })~Y 1857 ~ Zi WL E
Hs Z Z6,
g:
X Vc*
)z Z20*
Z!
"vZx OZ ?
" Zg$
"wgx ~z&
+N*
Z@[ ~yZX Z
]Z f ) 56,]!*
kZ C
hggPZzpgtzg: Z0
+z: #6,gI ~ !*
Wha)
M
g rZz Zy }iu~TgzZ c*

x : L s Vzm,
Z T ,u{z
YE
',lgz]zs #
~ m,
Z~
kZ~ !*
Wha)X Y x **
~ Zi WL 58EY 1857 &0*

J
L VX
Hc*
6,g 0*
} Zwy z&
+Z L%Z b
~ lZ 0*
]z #
~ m,Z6,yZg
/~ i
E

E
X
gs Z \WY 1861&| 1278 . Z#B12~~ Z
Y
58E
[YHg Z %ZkZ 6
1:V
/
u: Z@W~ !*
Wha)0 } Z :Y 1857~ Zi WL E
){z{ ZpgI ]Z|yZce **
ZzX qz x Zg gzZ
"
V{Zi q
Z **
% Z e
VrZ :tgzZ\)6, } Z : Ht wA|kZ
#c*
V q]c*
zZ
+
YE
f t bZX HwJ 0*
} Zw D Z Zg Z: Z@WgzZ 1z n~ ~ Zi WL 58E \ WtgzZ HA
$%
G
wZuz Hf ~ t :Z >gjZL L[ KZp ha) T:q
-Z Mf }:&~ gZE
L 3gd
X6,
zx H~y
zZL LV{Zuf TZgzZHA
$%)p6,
-V{h
q
ZiW**
]"+k
,
gT
$kZZzV{@Z**
f
e{ ^
,Y~W}px Zg gzZ **

]0kZgzZ ]z 0%l L L'yZ/!q


-Z (Y1984]z&Y 1915 ~gz]z)|Z ;gz- ~k
,
gT
$
8
Z;J
-281 247( ~ !*
Wha):i Zt:Z >gjZF,
zg Z ) y*zy!*
L
L c*
Z Z L
'
YE
#)~ e } Z : Y 1857 ~ Zi WL 58E
)
Z ! {gZzV{@Z **
X
Zzk',
B150wz~ !*
Wha)Z
# : i {J
-sq
-ZX
H8**
V Zz
& ~g gzZ
zHtwd~ !*
Wha)V~ ~ Zi WLG
"L L[ q

-Z KZ tg
zszc
Y 2011

~sZ )x

ZzV{@Z**
; D: 7 5~ KkZp g**
L^ } Z :\W
x Zg gzZr
# "
& zgzZ c*

CVZzg x Zg gzZ
"**
_ Y g~i Z0
+Z: Z Zz: ]=g f
: H~}pLZ{
K
M nZZ~Y 1960ygzZY 1957~Z~ q
L)
L **
{
X~(F,
s Vzm,
ZV ~T 7c*
:(Z L**
/ L L
7z~]z~g g !*
g !*
{zyZgzkZ c*
`)lg
/7ZVzm,
Z6,

C./
X 7x **
Z~yZ\fX6,

:gzZ1
E
dL
%
N
gzZ
:tg ) X iZgziF3g Vzm,
Z} ; ZSgzZ zZ : Zc KZ **
/
& ~g
( 33&32m ~ Zi WLG
: K-D{~iZ0
+Z:ZgZ+
$Y6,
[kZtg
X ZzC!*
.} (,
_
~ekZvq
-ZX n~(, } Z :ha**
L L
( 25mY 2008c @*
', Z- z~g,
-zg Z )
@*
Y~gzW6,x ( ` Y}17 zg @*
T{z) ~L LkZ r
# tg
} (,} (,
.
7 q
-Z sce **
ZzX Y i !*
} Z : ~ !*
Wha)Qg !*
-Z
q
L Lr
# tg X H7d Zy

V
/
u: Z@W~ !*
Wha)g` Z'
gzZ Z
& L L[KZ Z @~xsZ kZpgxa ];Izv
~ w zgg LG
L LT
Y
I
E
.c~ ZiWL 58E
ha)gzZ c*
sM
g2 zGkZgzZgy!*
6,w4Z

hLG
: ZgsX ZzC!*
.} (,
_
vq
-Zs0 }Z :ha)
~q
-Zgzq H Z1kZgzZ|
/Z~',gzZ g} (,q
- ~ !*
Wr
# ha**
L L
{zK \ T6, WL :7x= c*
g Z kZ c*
Zg
/
yZ JTX
HHg
/
yyZy
W3,
g
]gz^~[ZX Z :9!*
{z Z^g7gJ L:c*

**
''?gzZ c*
hat
X ;gw1^t[%
**
skZgzZm,

Z z[ZZ ;g `
/
Z}
.;6,w4Z
) Yy!*

Xn

7yYb~&
gzZ
3~yZy/u%KZz6,
yY{zX DZ, Z}Z}
.
& :Z@) X ByYbVz.
( 65&64mY 1960g,w zgg LG
DX
h q
Z L L ( g!*
8Z g Z Zg)x YZg6,g Z(~ Z ~gzZ ~ !*
Wha)
YE
ZzYKZj~ Zi WL 58E
6,ha+)
VrZ~T "[ gzZ]g[p~(,q
-Z x **

AE
.
+ZVE
Zv0*
50@*
26[ ZX b]!*
Z ]Z Z]
z 6,Y 2004&| 1425g7ug IsZ Zci
YE
YE
E

}
L 58EgzZ } Z : ha)' g Z hL ~ ~ Zi WL 58EL L'gzZ' } Z :s Vzm,
Z L L'[Z1Z
X 0ZaV Zz#
\W~~ Zi W
IF
4
&
+]
.z*P{z~z&
+N*
Z@0 } Z :~ !*
Wha)
}
#
.L G]Zgh
: ~g gp cggX , d{
],yZ {E
+
yZ1 ]gz[ {uq
-Z aykZH]zbTTfL L
Y 2011

~sZ )x

Z (,k
,
zk
,
yZX w=u" ~x Zftn7]Z`
g Z cg} (,} (, |kZX ;g Y H6,
~}g!*
kZc*
: } f}uzgzZ ~!*
Wha**
6,q
-V{h w~ p VOX@*
W,Z
X
H|(,
lzy

zlIk
Z HgZ
Z~g@*
KZvZY f~
Y
4$Y 1857~ Zi WL E
58E
( 455mY 1959y;',0E
0G
:d
$ Zzcg~g gp )

: D YKg ~V' ZgzWq


-! ;zsZz7,
]g $
"wgx
YE
{ W6,~ Zi WL 58E
V **
X 3g_6, VF,
7 ( ha) **
L L
Zg }gt ha**
:t w ZX a\} f6,T ZA
$% :q
-Z {!*
n
( 206mY 1960gw2[ @WY 1857:$wgx) X a\6,XKm,
?x **
fV,ZgzZ
Zg~yz* wC
L Zz
~]g Z Z @g OZggzZ**

gzx **
y 0*
:Df } Z :)y*6,
"
{gi W+Zg?r
#
gzZ 1z
/
u~kZV>gzZV' ZVz
Zqz)uY 1857s g EZ ~ ',
# LL
Z
5y &
+Z~x`
g : ha**
X ^ Ih N 6,
yZYwbg Z MZ #
~ m,Z
( 268myz*g wLC
L ) X ,7,
Z',4z{3
" X
Hc*
d6,
\
M
"4X
H
: s Z e6,
ha)~g Z)f ~g ~g } Z :!
"vZx OZ ?~y{"
gi W+Zg?
E
G
?X **
KZX 3g )g Z MZ 0pI$V{hwX Wg Z ha**
X Zzg~Y 1857)uL L
( 48m7e,
-fPg:?!
"vZx OZ ) X Z 7,
**
Yy &
+Z6,
x`
Z
Zha**
'c*
:fvzr
#
YE
~% ]b
] kZ ~ Zi WL 58E/x VM }g*gz ZgzZ d
$ Zz cgszc~QZ Kg
: ~
yZgzZ;{
g L L[?KZsX ~g Z*
c*
y &
+Z ~ ]z `
gzZ lZ 0*
} Z :yZ X n
pg 7nKZ ~ /d~ !*
W ha**
L L
( 315mY 1956gw2[ ygzZ;{
g :cg~QZKg ) X
H
)]Zt X V5 kZPy*q
-Zg +Zx Z}
.L L{ izg8g W~- ~ y 0*

V
/
u: Z@W) ]gaVyZgzZ 7t0@+a+
G } Z :~ !*
Wha

^
: gg**
L zJ
-Vmq
-Z
!
%
N
w b |zVo] L YgzZg h i !*
VY +Z +ZCq LZ kZX g @*
ZEL L
H
g&
+
gzZ%VZ yZg @*
mvZ G
*9g ha**
X 37"gzZ O&sp" V Hz!
z~gz LZV2
Hy
c*
yZ~ ] , g @*

1c*
wZ e~ ] * !*
" z hgzZ z ] Z`
X ~ +@W

~ y z&
+Z m,L, KZgzZ H Z Z9
],Y hG* Z aZ ~ !*
Wha**
L L'' m7(
47
{ W6,yz x V } :s Vzm,Z {)z ~ !*
W ha)L L'' ~g 2
+ x Zz L E
GLE
3]X bg Z
**
~ ]z `
c*
lZ 0*
} Z : ~g Z z m
!*
L L~ !*
W ha**
L L''H
xZ}
.{izg8 - xZgZ ~q
" Z :i Z ~ !*
Wha**
L L:y*) X ~g7 !fp
( 10&9mY 1962B23g+Z
(,
6X X 21 mX X)
Y 2011

~sZ )x

nf

!*
i :i Z

Xv W3 zZKZ

X CZ
+
@*


g Z ~ yW
\vZ m zZ 4Z
:
] ^ n a ] ] ] ] P m$] ^` m%] mF
( *{g28{g 0*
) ^rv] ^$] ^a $
wz IZ LZ gzZ \ WLZ ? Zz yZZ } Z :F,
XVgzZy
KZgZT Xv W
wz IZ LZ N @*
~`e
$WkZ
Vz
CgzZ Z +Z
M F,
zZ KZ X v W
X Yb sV>gzZN Y $ VZ',
@*
z6,
Xq] v W c iz~]y
W{zbkZ
V *
* j{
M F,
zZ Z x kZ
Z (, 0
+
i +Zz zZ(gzZ Vc*
g Z)f \!*
z
n
#
}
.+ Zz6, zZ \vZ V X tu
X f + Zz t 6,z HZ
+
zZ : _h &
gzZ g 2 ~ @*
*
*3 Zg W 7ZB lgz6,6,o
:t~t
g Z0kZ n
+Zz
! oF m ] g
X n
6,
yC
*
*qD
:5h
+'
gzZ ~t
g Z0kZ
Z Z LZzZzLZZ1vZg .0[-Z]|
c*


g Z zmvZ -* De
$Zzg
a zZ KZ \!*
-Z { c*
q
i
M F,
zhZ
T
z {z D Z x pg
$u kZ X 7
( p~F,
)X C
/YZ&&y
KZ
Y 2011

kZ C } hC
~

N @*
Z
/
/@*
zg @*
Ck
,
X ~C

gzWg !*
zig W Z}
.Z}
. @*
Y:gzZ
]gzZ kZvZ tw C
kZ @*
'g "BLZ^X @*
y
| (, kZa+Zz @*
wz4,
',~ yB
y!*
u ]Zg gzZ y V X C 7]

Z ~g \ !*
]g Sg lp
NQwx9V W{{ CYg
o]
OZzs
#
z]sC
n Z"
X Chzq
-Z
vZ& q
-Z ~ Vz\vZ zZ(
glp **
zZakZ uQV\W\
Tgxy

z lp {z CWxt @*
YH
z zZ {z C7 zZ V; XgzZ
X Tg} 7,
~
C
C
* c*
CY zZZ
#1
:gz$
+y 0*
K)+Z gzZj (Z
X @*
Vc*
g Z)fg "^BV1X
X 70*
kZ lp ( 1)
X*
* @*
',z. ( 2)
X*
* J 7,**
2~iz~g^ ( 3)
X **
Z e] Z {h
+IgD
+( 4 )
X **
C[ Z WZZ ( 5)
X **
2jg[v ( 6)
X **
g Zt ZgzZ **
g JwqZ**
g Z
+ ( 7)
6,
+Zz~Ka Vc*
g Zf Z {z
t
Xy1Zgg **
!*

~sZ )x

~ yVr
# q
-Z~ LZuZ zZ KZgzZ, qDp n
6,+ZzZ
kZ y q
-Z q
-Z r
# kZ D c*
y +4gzZ a {ZzX ,3 Zg W D
z
gzZ 1N r
# H{g
Z s]gzp
aVY Cg]y
KZ V { og
Ug LZr
# t ! d
W} Z wj kZ V {zgzZ @*
BVZg { c*
i
X ^ Ih yZJ
-V } 7,
/.

X @*
wJW,
Z
V#
kzx?Zm
zkZVzvZ b zSs ZZ a {Zz Z
a}X Vz7Za & L kZz ~ Z ~(,D~ xsZzz Xce
X zd
W } d
W {z **
nZg **
Z s C
kZ zmvZ -x Z 7zg
~',kZ kZ gzZ 7VY 6,d
W LZ t gzZ 7,~{ c*

DgHtV- {
6,:
M F,
zZKZ3g: VYi !*
bhZ
w 7,r V V {z 7g 6, t
\vZ 6,kZ ~ ]g X : Vk
HyZ D~z*7tYc*
Zi W7Z , 2
X Zwi **
z xE z: rZ 6,xE~z*p 2 2:
kZ Y H Z9~ { g !*
\vZ%y#

Vk
H7ZgzZ ~gz *
*3 Zcz 3 Zg WV
n De
$D~ [ \vZ zZgzZ ~ a @*
X (F,
wqZgzZzSggz V
h}g % kZ ! Vz[g }g } Z , Za /_
. ~zc < ~ f
: '!*
+ }g kZ VY X { ~
.Z~ }g !* Vz(,
[ Z W
A ]!*

W3Ogb)zgZ
XD" gzZ @*
~izgx ZwgzZN 2 g(Z V>[AZ V-g x Zwx Z Zz [ Z
XZa/_
.
gzZ Y
C:
L ~izgx Zw$
+kZ Z
M F, VgzZ a VY
q
-Z ~ zZ N V)%',
Z', h N
: ~ wj
i [ Z ~i !*
Z ~ga ~g Z$
+g ZzW
X ~ V>kZgzZ yiz Z gzZ (, ~ ~g **
Hzx`
, Zt
H0
X } ~g7 KZ V> kZ {z W ZuzQ Zz Y ~ c iz W { k
V ZzyLZQXN Y V)x kZJ
-V V fp +Zzp N Y ~ c iz {z
M F,hZ VrZ
{g { k
H{z[Z6,y
/~! { W cgs gZ D yZ : VY
H?7VY Zg Z
$
+{zt }
gzZ VZ ~a }gv ?7VY zgN ~ Vk
X C: Za wq]gtCY6,
V!~
/Z
zzyZtgzZ V)x kZ ZzyT
+Z E **
x Z',} ` W
X [ c iz 0
i D 2**
O2VLZ Z
Z
v WkZ zZ KZgzZ v W3p Z
O
gzZ ! x~]y
Wz*a}g ~ZN X yZ D C i Z gzZ W**
kZ HZ
+6, {0< mVZ
7lp6,xsz A D lp Z 6,gzZ W**
M F,9 VgzZ 7,e
$ kZ k X D
~yZy H: Zg7 Z
yZ
/Z , Zg7
X <g~}g !*
X 7 Zk\Z
]|
w D
mvZ G
*9gg b 0 **

Y 2011

~sZ )x

zmvZ-] Z Y

ln]]

~g+zZZ;):i Z
7x vZgzZX `n k] ` e$ n # ] ^ ^
X
p=~ yZ ?[8} Z J
-Z
# }[ Z 7Z
( 33e
$WwZ >g9{g 0*
)
yZ\W~wqkZ } 7[ ZyZ \vZ
X ~
G-I
o

',g\ Wb L \vZ /
mx ]|~g
z kZ VY c*
X t
( 3`54m<
Z>ZZgi )X ~%
Ox?Z
x?Zm*
*
X Z\vZa\ W
zm\vZ-u *
0 g
! f x gzZ ~ !*
c*

\W
( 338:m)X uhZ
x?Zm*
*
X
zZ~\vZa\ W
XgizgU u~r
# b\ W/
zm\vZ-]|]Y
X Hx\WgzZ
) Z\ W.
$zZ
X 7zg\ W~s
#b
x?ZmZ,
'Z *
*
X ~~Qv Wa\ W\vZ
Nx \ W
GO7E
X vZ2\WWZzZ Z
X} h "
${"
$x KZ\ W
X
y~U{\ W
zmvZ-gzug
v W6,vZ 2Z',
Z ]|
',g \ W
Y 2011

]Z
iz] wzbz^z! p
~g Z 0
+
g Z! V !*
p W
x?Zmx W*
*
\ Wc*
D x **
Vzq x \vZ \W
X H{>V

zmvZ- gzug
\vZzmvZ -WZ **
z **

!
N
5k!z Zdg
kz
LE
$u 6 c*
D] G
5.g {zZ
Tg zg
kZgzZ \vZ6,\WX g ~
VY )Zz?ZstzgzxsgzZ
~g Ya xszzggzZ
H {i q
-Z {>
gzZ c*
W~g V
s {>VY ?ZgzZ
x Z ,i Z {z
gzZ
gzZ \vZ~zg
\vZ ~ LmvZ G
*9g ~i Zg +Z
x?Zmx W]|~ c*
{>a kZV

X ~%
O
x?Zmg Z *
*
X c*
VZ6,
yW\vZx?Zmg Z]|
` Zc
\vZzmvZ -u 0*
}g
X c*
VZJ
-[ x 6,
zZV W~
x?Zmb *
*
tV ZzyZZ6,
\ WgzZ\ W\vZ
X ~]
zmvZ- gzug
wLZ Z #
Q \ W
',z \W
X gp

10

Xy 0*
gjz

~sZ )x

zmvZ-]|]Y
} Z LZ \ WX Hx \ W
\ W1 2~
g EZ x?ZmZ',
Z ]|
X : \ W{ ZgzZ
zkZVq H
x?Zm- ]|
V1Zp\ WX c*

w)zZ (,\vZ\ W
X gZzV1Zp&s~yW
1D
X 2~t Z
zgzZ+ZzLZ\ W
zm\vZ-u *
0 g
m- ]|Z 7 Z (Z\ W
X 5x \W15x?Z
G
2$ \ W
.E
X g ~ g
$ q Z BVM c*
z LG
]hgzgzZ V2z gzZ VzgZggzZ IZ \ W
X
x?Zm[- Z *
*
X',
\ W
zm\vZ-u *
0 g
X `g {( g )wZjZ\ W~
x?Zm.*
*
g g \ WX Z h
+x?Zm.]|
X @*
Y 0 ; j Z Z\ WX c*
~g Y 0*

\ WX c*

x \[g LZ6,g{\ W
G
N
X c*
{g 0*
zxE
zm\vZ-u *
0 g
g 0*
Zu\ W,i Z {z ]tLX=&6,ug I1 \ W
: [ @*
w) @*
JhzZ: e
$ \ W
/Z
kZtgzZ c*

~g Y 0*
bVZ VZ \ WX @*

yp1 sg
_ 0*
VY | (,
\ Wq
-Z gL: E
5O82X 7sg ~
z
~t Z
V hi ZzWakZgzZ c*
zg~t Z

\[g LZ~[x 6,l\ WX;gzg


Y 2011

g ZD
v W kg 6,p ] z \ WX ~Q
g **
~ ` Zc
X c: k',( 1000)
, Z ~ #
Q \ WX : 1 gzZ Zg
/ \ W
V O X g #
sgzZ Z e~ v W}g
/vg )
,
n] ]^ E X {)z G
$zfzp1Zp
E30d
vZ2Z',
Z]|X Djvm n k] f o ^jj
hV~1yZ\ W4Z {7~v W
M
gi <
ZX H e
$Zzg r kZ {)z Zd
X 5` 193 :m<
Z>Z Z gi X 1` 79m
( ~g zZg]L!
L gM, )

XvZzg| (,
kZgzZZ 0<Eg\W
"
$( 360)J&6,
zZ
/
~U{\W
X Z
/
}vP}g
Z~q
-Z
9E
Z L? gzZ
y~U { zmvZ -\W
qz V;z s Zv#
Q\ W @*
c*
g6,(kZ
X,
x?ZmZ *
*
X H\ W %fg Zg )
,
Zz\WZ
#

zmvZ-u *
0 g
q z gzmvZ -]|VWnkZ
%f=(yZ c*
W: ~ q z Z %fVq c*
W~
X
HH

x?Zm[ *
*
c*
- ~ - Zg Z',Z
# \W
1c*
Y7 x?Zm\ W
H3
:m 12\ y#Z bzg )X c*
37- ~
(2`182

gzZ 2~ - Z
x?Zm[ ]|
$
d
gzZ IC@W\ W}g J
-V H
X D Yuhc*

11

~sZ )x

G$
\ WzX=E
XXD)q
-ZJ
-x

XB 1Vz0
+
6,
\ WgzZ.
zm\vZ-u *
0 g
c*
B oB ]t c*
g (Z \vZ\ W
Z
\vZ! , !*
c*

Ie
$ \ We
$
\WX c*
g(Z\WgzZ N
\WV ng Z
/XX gg! Z ZtZ',
~`Zc

]**
Z{)z .
$zZ\WyZZ6,\Wgz g
X 1\W&Hx\WBx
x?Zm}*
*
Y ZVh
CV0
+Zgz Z {0
+iVz%\ W
X
V ~ }g Z \ WX c*
{0
+
6, \ W
X@Zi} (,
\ WHx
zm\vZ-]|
H YZVhgzZ
CV0
+ZgzZ {0
+
iVz%\ W
~ WC
i\W]gtq
-ZV;zZ6Z
# gzZ
~ kZgzZ 1zi !*
~\ W5t@g

{0
+
i}%t
HZ eC
i ~ 1 zi !*
{z c*
3
Vq **
{0
+
i zb
q
-ZtVY| (,

]|~ g$
+zX {% kZ kZ
&
} ~q
-ZyZ \ W^ Ig Z E{B0?
DoC{z h ~B; LZ VrZ Z
# ~
@i \ WX Hx p] z \ WX 0g Z
X { c*
i

x?Zz > }Z :gz m


CZ P 6,g %
] zm \vZ -*gB ]
_ ~g Z L L"Ma,X K n
X
wJ\\X
'
Y 2011

GLqgzZ gz { Z Zh
~
+ gzZ H x
{7X c*
} z0
+e] Z \ WXg
iZsVgzZ Zg V;z6,y WtgzZ 6,}i
X {g
Z
x?Zm-]|
m .]| \ WX
Hc*
ZI[ Wa \W
X ] !*
+g x?Z
zm\vZ-u *
0 g
\ WX
Hzg [z[ Wa \W
]z \ W0*
6,yZgzZ H + g yg$
+
~#
Z \ WJ
-#
gzZg D J
-p
X g ~g Y
x?Zm Z]|
a \ W}0
+
6,X _7,h N B \W
X @*
Yx3,bx;~B; \WX b
Xi ZzWlpe
$.\ W
zm\vZ-u *
0 g
\ W S7,Vzm,
g~ug IB; \W
kZ ~ Z7, Vz~B; Vzuz
VY C c*
Wi ZzW ~ x \ Wt | (,
X 7 x 1 qz q h N
a \W{)z.
$zZ ]**
Z{zVz0
+
6,
E
t
M ? ~ ` Zc

a \ WX b .gzZ
X J0
+!*
t Z', kZ \W:
H # PkYZ
( Zh1Zqb )
~ p ~F,
O i ZzW lp e
$. \W
: H~\vZgZg
$u
!XX^i `u]^` q `u] nf ^ ZZ
x?Zmy*
*
T e \ WV \ WX Z xL $\W
wZzigzZ ) q
-Z J
-wZzi CY Zh Q Z

12

~sZ )x

b)zx Z

l]^j]

~g+Zx?:i Z
X @
kZz
f7,p ~~ yBq
-Z 'gP :( k )
~xV- X J
-C
!*
i ZzWgzZ
?7c*
^
,Ytf7,
5iZzWBq
-Z{)z]
]ggzZ ]gi ZzW]g ^
,Y**
:( ` )
(122mX 920tgz)Xb
Z Slp
vZg !*
VgZZ 7,p ~6,gZ
!*
C
yi ZzWV 2X 7,BF,
5vZg
X ^
,Y**
~ m,
gF,
t{zzzakZ f
yZgzZ **
WVgX,Z :( k )
?^
,Y**
i ZzWKZ
I
$0
]: :0pG
+ZgzZ~
# qgzZxgx:( ` )
(161mX 920tgz)X x**
g0
+Z{6,

V*
* 7,(Z i Zz7 Z lp ]g:( ` )
~ Z1ZxEZwi ZX xZwY iZzWkZ
E
i$
ofiZZ ~ ]_Z1ZxZ XX ] ZZ
Qq )gZ[?
kmZ1Zx Z XX ^`i ] `q
GB+
E
" ) b 2Z ZZ lZ)!Zf
5

)g 5 ZgQ E
^`_n_i `i]] ` nrZZ ~
`n] ^q] ^j] o ^ ^`n_i ^`nni
i ]rm ]a ]`] mvi
X DZ\vZz(148mX 920tgz)X ]

? 7
-+
ig]g

^ Y
,
7Z| 7,
]g6,
-i
+g V h]r]
CYS7,~i Z0
+Z} ~i ZzWw5tVY
6
lp]g . X60
+Zt 760
+Z gzZ
E
@*
Za gZh
+gzZ ]g Lg6,gm{gzZ ~ m,
g F,
Z
]gi ZzW]g ]}gtVgzZ
Y 0*
~ ]z !*
`g 7
GB+
tZ@ gzZ g 5 Z g gUg X
Hc*
g Z
]gZ ~ ]g
]Zsf 6 @*
V;)ztg zz
G
:~g 5B+ ZzgUg :@

vf] ^f Dxq]] oE e n D^`iE


^j] ofm p] a `] o f] nv]
P] ^`i ] ]] o^ e^
^q xnfj] ] ] n ^ gu ]
o | Z ^q] ^`m vm ^ nj]
o n o ^`i ] `q ofi o^]
]a o xj] o ^ ve ]] h^e o nv]
^`rj ^ l ] o ]^e l`q ]] n
l^e xnfj] ] ] n ^` ]`
b] nj] o] `e ^]
^`iZZ wgUgyZZz G
*9Zm]|dZ
:D
~sf XXxq]] o
o^ n] ^q | m]`] o vv
// /
(1B213gZ]
.) !ve nv] o ^j] 7^
? $
gu,
6: ++
hg
m]|dZ ? ]!*
kZ rZ6,o
qg ~ i ~ZkZ + } f D
H
- 4,
Z
H~}g!*
: +h
+g
z 0ZgzZ D Y ~@z sf `g2tg zX q
Y 2011

13

X|
/WZg7ugIBe
Z Y

~sZ )x

:~ZdL
n oF^i ] o of] ^f e]
nu !] f o ] pm] i V^
o] n ]v] r] m nu ] xjjm
] o m nu ^] o m nu knf]
nu n^] re n ^ ] m nu
!r] om
E
#
E
0 e
$Zzg \vZ g k0Z ]|
B; }ZV] :c*

zm\vZ -*
KZ
# ( 2) X} qzi
z T ( 1)X N Y VZ:
Z96,
h N Z
# ( 3)X} 7,
6,
vZ
M gzZ4Z~x Zw
z( 6) Xs z( 5) X Z96,~h N {z%Z
# ( 4) X
L) X}g ~6,{0
z T ( 7) X
z2'

( 385mX 11`Zd
*
@Y Zz bg izgttg
$ qZ yZ
ZkZgzZ y%+h
+g
z`rs~i
e\vZ g 0*J'Z 7+h
+g(gzZ
X <

!*
~i e\vZgxZ0E
!~xsZ} ZZ
\vZ -vZwgZ
# 1X +h
+ggzZDx
"7,i Byjuzg +h
+g7Z zm
E

$ ] o ] ]ZZ c*
c+h
+L g XX

g
X
Hc**
x~i ? ~uz 6
H
7
/Z
t 6,cL ~ i +)!;z
{zy
Wg D
A ]!*
~i Q e7Z
X "
$U*
g
$u
gzZ,:z6,
V!*
V;z
) ) z<
L IZ hIZ
DZ\vZzX gB6,
4<

///

oq]g~gZi *
!
,
k
6,60X 59b)g Zi !*
L L[\W
Y 2011

XN
xgZZB!Zj
/Z ? 9g
$u
X 76,
gx9g
$uk0*
+)
X 5ZfK~g x ZZ+
$**
Vojj]
akZ 7V(u
+)!;z Vh]r]
gtkZ Cs yZg
$u
: ]!*
yZakZ g
$ut 79g
$ut
X[
E
G
6,
vZwg L 4]zvZ[
C4<
th
vZ -g~ [!*
: +h
+g m{gzZ
X9g
$uzm\
V^ e e^q : ~p9
V^ ( n oF^i ] o ] ^n t
( n h^] ^` mm] o] ]] o^
!F] o ]]
{z e
$Zzg\vZ g {0',
Y ]|
K ) k0*
}gzm\vZ-wgvZD

E
g+h
+Lgv ? ]!*
H c*

p=( ~
B yj~ i V~ VzhB; {z
( 181mX 1p9)Xg
gzZX 172m
KgzZX 10m1 Z1Zg
$ut
X 5` N
m 0 Z xZ gzZ X 158mX 1` gU*
s Z b
$ ~93m
5kE
X wE
: ~N
m0ZxZ2
o] ] V e] ^ (^
(o V ^ [ n oF^i ] o ] F
X ] mm m
vZ]| {z e
$Zzg]|
vZ -vZwg~ H c*

\vZg&0
Q D
]| ?V 3 : | 7,i zm
7Z(`r)g!*
-ZB; LZgzZ S7,i VrZ
q
( 442z388mX 1`N
m0Zx Z)X c*
VZ

14

~sZ )x

XZqZ >i
) ) a ykq]gzgZ, > 2i

? H @*
YHwz-> 2i
> i6,
gk
Z ^
,Y**
it > 2i Vh]r]
G [zg> i~ - > i VgzZ C7Z Z
xi{k
Hzz @*
gzZ n
)fyZ > i yZ
ya5Z Z > i [ y 6gzZ @*
W
kZ c*
g > i yV gzZ ~gz **
M
kZ @*
{z: *
@Y c*
7 *6
> it7FtgzZ ]i YZg~*sa
kZ Ug xi6,OZ -> i wEZ xg
yZ J
-[Z > i VXgzZ Wi !*

k0*
LZ g z',]g Z Z > i s
}:ZzgZ7Z c*
}Z Z> i]i YZyZ
X DZ\vZzX ,Z Z{z @*

=gf]g~kZ%ZX 7^
,Y
~L
L
Xw'{zZqo
kZ 7^
,Y
~ kZ Z
# t wZ
gzZ p Z yW ? Y w' bo {q
XlgZ
/~y!*
i{
6,
kZ )x Z{)z]g2 ,Zt Vh]r]
q} wJ e ]g {)z {0
+
6,
~}gZ0
+Y
w' **
3q x ZkZ%Zx Zw~
/]gt
**
]g1 Vzq w'z u 0*
{)z]
DZ\vZzXx Zw{zCZg2
? *
* VZ,
6u@
V} i
V c*
\!*
;gY
C`Zzgq
-ZV} g
D7 c*
Zz % kZ @*
Y wZ Z
#
,z X D VZ 6,u
@V} i
P O @*
7 c*
t 1X D VZ v6,VVzge
~
@} i s J+6,VVzge}v
J+gzZ C7,{ c*
i yZ kZX gu
Zz %h
+
t gzZ Sg 1 VZz
y *
0 WZx-@
? tX @*
~gZh
+
x- @L L ug MZ G.9E} Z
# g { wC

X ]Z|az{g c*
~gZY
nbVojj]
L IZ o yzz o @*
<
Yc*
o y 0*
WZ
*} Z}
. {k
Hz^
,Y**

)$
+~',
t Vh]r]
~- ] hx Zhz[Z]
.)
9

)
z
c*
:kZzm\vZ-gzs gwgkZgzZ
+&
B
j
E
) ]|wg Iz o <
L IZ Zj
+S Vzuz gzZ 2~ LZ : gzZ
7z]o` Zy

~g ]Z {uk~zh zZ ` Z zm\vZ -g ~ g
$uX ]i YZ
yZX D ZpBa [ Z NwZgzZ D ^a n n ] o :c*

] Z ~ Z
# g { w kZ .
D vZ Y
T ! o a]] m ]n e ^`e
{ izgz~c Z~zh zZ yIg ZiKY-z kZgzZ {k
H kZ6,kZ H XZiZ',~ xsZ
L IZ lg Z
<
/
\ WX V] k kZ%{k
H
yZ,6,kZv
y 0*
WZ ]|~ kgZz]
.)z
/Z%
(p9)X~{k
HVZzyZ
oWZ x- Y 2011y 24- a[Z NwZ Uga kZ s sZgzZ !*
` Zzgt
( {g Z Z )X Vg vZx Z X VZ:
@} i
/

C
/
gzZ Y H kZ
C
!] oF^i #]
Y 2011

15

~sZ )x

z7}uzq
-Z

nini

-
+G@1:i Z
-vZwgDy\vZg {k
,
1Z]|
C
% Z e {6,6,V gzZ V y
KZ xsZ E
L 4X
#] j ] ^n] o ]f f jm :c*

zmvZ kZ Y2~ z x`
{z LZ
# @*
@*
(F,
vZ Ze {6,
6,
}~* nF] m dZ 7 {6,X Y gzVZ',gzZ & Z
( p)X Z e {6
,
6,
kZy#
Vz CY ZgzZ
z kZ 7 X ~ t Z xg k
g u e
$Zzg\vZ g ~g}
.G1Z]|
X V Z
Z idyZ c*
gzZ
+ c*
c*
id{z Z
#
6,kZgzZA LZy :c*

zmvZ - n i f%vm m$] $ ] : \~g !*

g Z~u 0*
yW

4Z ~
A Z n 7 VzvZ } wZ e {6, ] ^n % ] o n ] h] ` ] P m$] o u^]
.Z { Zzg )X
( Z E

( 24 19:gZ ) ! i j] m # ]
( A
$/0 )&Z1Z ]|
yZ el
Z',~ V T e v {z :F,
z7,} \vZg%0 ~ 7? } YvZgzZ ~ ]y
Wz * [Z u **
ga
g
/7ZVz0
+
g #
~gzZ
W [ Z
( yZZ + )X Y
7Z z#
(Z c*

vZ g% 0X V @*
a [gzZ g Z j
+S VzvZ z {

{zpH IyZ ~ ~zZgX z gzZz n ] m m$] Vc*


g Z~l
Vz0
+
g #
a g
/yZ ~ [Z W: i !* ^^j` e ] ju] ] f j] ^ n e l^ ]
kZz#
(Z k\Z6,?:c*

%0]|XV
( 58B33[Z x
Z ) !^n f% ^$]$
T D
zmvZ -vZ wg ~a VrZD *K"VggzZVz%ZzyZZgzZ
( Z1Z)XH{0
+
iZzY~~GkZc*
7
( yZZ + )X 1uLZ { k
HgzZyc
* e
$Zzg vZ g k0vZ]|
) z #

~g {6,gzZ Zz 7
vZ 7 , LZ T :c*


g Z zmvZ XN
5g
$ q ZPVg
$ q ZM6,
LZ TgzZ
7 kZ y #
\ wg ~z% \vZ g/0ZvZ]|
G
4Zz G
0B-ZmZ}
J
-V} w[kZvZ Hz',W"y kZ {z: yy:c*


g Z E
5I
.
G
( z 0Z )X
Zg~ykZ Z LZ}Zjn Z:gzZ} C c*
iz6,
-wgvZ ~z% vZ g/0Z ]|
Zzg ~
# q kZ VzvZ g ~ ~g W',~
#q
!*
i} Z :c*


g Zi Zz7 gzZ iz
Z zg6,
azmvZ \vZ }gz6,
ygzZ

74Z~w}g vyZZtwq Zz xsZ gzZ


gz6,kZ ~V6#

akZz: lyZgzZz #
Zj
+S V Z kZ izg #
\vZ }7 {6,y
kZvZ @*

l yLZ
( p)X
7{6,
Y 2011

16 X~f
4$ 132xZeY ~sZ )x
5E
$7ZG

( z~g g)X ue{6,


vZ
~ D
y \vZ g Zg1Z ]|
L Z y : D
zm\vZ -vZ wg
L ZvZ @*
[ Z n$:z z',W
v W3 Z { z y #

8 ht 6,x 0%f
^&u ^ ZZ e
$Wtu0*
yW
\WkZX X
Xh6,
yZZIZgzZ(47:30xzZ)XXn ] ^n
{z 7g
$qZgzZ ]c*
W ~}g!*
7
7Zzg
/
~g {6,xsZ<
C
?zg6,
]!*
kZ
xsZX 7 7~g {6,
LZ {zX
rg
~A yZZ IZp@*
7IZg V yLZ {z @*
GzguV {z
X N Xz',
W"gzYZ 7ZgzZ,: 7
}g y u #
T e \WgzZ
/Z
* kZ ` W Yc*
wZ e {6,
6,V gzZ VCqZ$
+ Vk
H
iz',B ] 7 {6,V LZ~
#
} Vk
H}g ~g G
5O_ KZg zg Z}
.
\[gX X Zg~ +y
Wz AzZgzZ
X=

'

} Zg Zgz}:
vZ TgzZ 7
~ /0Z ]|izg q
-Z gzZ Xg0
+Z y LZ {zp
/Z
1 ;
MZxgzZ yZxH c*

l
( ~nZ { Zzg )X { c*
iq
- 4,
vZ]z#
w
vZ ~ ~z% \vZ gtz]|
|V ?
/Z D
zm\vZ -wg
$
d
c*
z h 7Z ? zl[
( Z1Z )Xz
-vZ wg e
$Zzg\vZ g Z ]|
Z
H 6,yW= Z
# [g Z:c*

zm\vZ
CZ kZ {zgzZ@*
o**
XZ6,V,Zg
/
?vyt!L} Z ~Xg aBgzZ {n
]yZgzZ D 3
V {zt VrZ
( Z1ZZ)XTg} 7,
z',
Wz
~ D
e
$ZzgvZ g {k
,
1Z ]|
C
g Z ( LZ ) D
zmvZ -xZ wg
g ZX aVx #
Q ~{zV Zz
z Q @*

q
-Z] Zg t ]g
V#V# ~ H
7 {6,kZ vZZ
#
1{zpZ e {6,

[gkZ
z]ZgVq H

27
#: { uZ e -z {{
qyZzc ` W H lgZ
/
B ]gmX Ve ]i YZ ] V [ Z
` W{z HX ] !*
Z N 3 M
h C 3 Z Ox La',{z H D7{zH6,? M
h
~A |
/Z{z H,[Zg Zy*zy ` W @*
1.
yZ H]P`
s
B ^
gZx yZ D C e^Z}
.{z ` W H D7!*
` W{z Hn {gT

Z6,} :',
Z LZ
~ y*zy , :
/Zgl{6,VhgZx Z|
/Zz {z0
+{{
qz- Zzc~ ] 5z
# ce **
Z
c_yZyIs ZC
[Z gZx Z s z]!*
# X Yz yZ
Z
E
G
6,Vg
/.
S<X- fVrZ ky nZ Z kZ g y V!*
~g yZ {z
X $
gZ~uZz W{ Zgt ZyxgysZ @*
(Z
/ZX
HH
'
Y 2011

17

~sZ )x

~`Zi *
! bzZ6,
kZxs

m l

4E!:i Z
Co ,
mG
0G
5 7gzZ a wg Z}g vvZ H
wk wVZ ]tz]
X 7xJ
- Ja~g Z& {uzvZ:g a]!*
kZx ZgzZg Zul
g @*
g @*
} 6,~ :H7t( CZ }uz
,wJ
) Z wg kZ ,g (Z q
-
X c*
wg CZvZ
/ZN Y hZ {z [ Z ,
/
% Z l gzZ
Vz7]!*
/

?~ :Y y }
C
g {zZg
1Z RX g a
?7 kZ~ wgvZ Zz ?
/ZVY {z vZ g"}
.]|
g!`
] !*
L
f ~ 7
/ZgzZ Vz]!* +4 LZ l ?, cg O [Z _
X Vz l#kZ [ Zp b wZ e ~\ W}
vZ -\ W Vzg ZuB w i
gzZ { * q
-Z6,
C uZz} Z}
.V
VPg Zu`D WC
!*
zm\ *Xy #
{kZ6,* ~g
6,\ Wl!*
zZt zmvZ -\ W l D cg V;zgzZ !zm\vZ V- l,
ZgzZV'\ Wu @*
u @*
lg !*
Vz h
+
w ] !*

Zz 0*
&gi }i d
$

D Y\ Wg6 1VIaZ
# Dg 6,
X BwJ] kZ Z%QgzZg ZuV;z
bZ6,3 Zg z Z9\ W
/Z Z V- ZzgzZ V-h N g Z
/
gZ3 Zg
gzZ D Y yAgzZga Vi \ W~ ~g !* Z / w 50X
/ r
[{zgzZ
tZg f f
e{ C~r !*
-Z`y
q
s !* nz ~g Za^Yy W^g Z7: i
&
_ s~ ]
X Y: w /GG
z ~g 7e[ Z
w} I vV1H ga
Vi
+i]|B ;g3 Zg Zg 6,Vz 0*
h
{ \ O
q " uv ( h

+i]|) =g/
X yZ h{ ZggzZd
W1Xg q0
c*
}g )
/ 0*
c*
VZ Z 7,0 bT~ & zm \vZ -g V`
kZB } {z y yp e g @*
Z V yZgzZ D Y k0*
gzZ&?c*
Vzg Zu
( 58?Z#Z )X g Z **
ZryZb Y } Z~l w k D7] KZt
a
gzZ a
y t
# CYga =
Z
{z $
`,yZ
:Zz
kZ Zg u **
g a J
-#
Z] kZg ZuVt ~ g ZMZgzZ
zz]g Z
kZ H7 VrZ76,
Z]!*
g aw L IG
g[ ZyZ
,# V Zz 0
+M ~ v W c*
g s
X t
Y 2011

18

4E!g
!*
Wg]o>Z G
!YG
0G

~sZ )x

X Vg *6,
uZz} Z}
.gzh
:~p Z Zzq
-Z
Z}
. Pgzgy
zm\vZ-gt
tX wV0Z ] #
/ZzgzZ . p
6,
* x kZgzZ Z6,hx \ G,{ C " a
~

/
u M~
g Z kZ:%g **
J
z {h
+
/
',}uz +
M
KZ X CW7n~uz
E
:J
-x +F,
kZ C Z Z.ug I; x
( Zi WxZ1Zi Z 52:gwg )XnV
J
-x kZgzZ f
e {Zg l r !*
D p=~Z L V @*
Y J0
+!*
x ZwZ V
x \ W 1
{z vZ : DngzZ
X c*
[Z ] \ WgzZ \ W
5
Vzh N t k0*
\ WvZ !} Z
@*
n Dxs
Vzh N X , Z e

g Zg (Z Zg7\ W} Z : @*
]i YZgzZ
5kZg`~X VZVzh N Vz yZ
&
Zg fX Vzg
X Kga'X } h
T ! /GG
KQ {z H
Hc*
g (Z gzZ ? 7H~1 kZ [ Z
{ z
Hc*
g (Z Z
Hc*
Z Vz & ?
H
X Y} 7 gzZ Y} [ Z kZ Vzh N
8x H ]KZ {z 5 w(Z o A w&N [ Z

~g {z 0
+
i yZ6,yZ H H kZ VM
Z6,
kZVM hkZgzZ YtLe}
( 67X 65 ?Z#Z )X }g yZH
x y b x T g @*z p
gzZ lg !*
Vz ox u
/gzZ h : Vx S0
+W
vZwgg @*
Z Hegkg]uZzc*
g.

Vzh N 3gp[Zt zmvZ : ; gYc*

v, Z \vZ V_yZV7k- ~L L
Y 2011

( 50:?Z#Z )X ;g Yc*
Z
/.
#z;g
vZ} Z :Y7 \vZ g ]|%q
-Z
? Zg
/y J yuQ6,\ W H ! wg

1qq sx ~ :c*

t ?c*
~ ` ~ Z
# {z y J| (,
( 1 96 : +
M
KZ)X c*
gkZgzZg]
0

+
iga Vi w Z N*
I^ `
t [ ZgzZg~ Vo}g t y J{ c*
i
&
/G
?p Z H6,
y!*
i G
{ zu"gzZ r" z ~gzi" KZ ! Z
ott ~ V
Z
HH ~ V
KZN V @*

y!*
$ { c*
i
~ V !*
$ }g } Z X g
Z [g V" gzZ {0
+g X ~ !
: [pwkZ H @*
4 =X
]5}g } c*

rg Zzg zg lF,

7nZg**

/Z Q ? c*
}~1V7
~s ~~ Zz6,HV!*
yZ=
CY0zg Vc*
O0
+W T?
{z *zz}gzZ
]y
Wz * kZ V @*
W~ { C g kZ ~
@*
W~ } kZ L I Z6,Xg J
: Zg J
-Z
# **
oJ
-
zkZ **
o **
oX V
XvZxzdZ11:gziX
kZgzZ ] 1N \ WkZ w
l g kZgzZz6,[g LZ'^t`{
**
3 \ WZg gzZ 8
-g {z [Z Zh
+ 8
-gt
t\ W
~ r !*
zm\vZ -g
nvZ g Xg q 0 h
+i ]| yZ p Z
: D
g X $
+a V>yZ !vZ wgc*
$
+VYa VyZ~ :c*

zm\vZ yZyZ=D 7yZZ6,


zZZ}
.vt
/ZVz

19

~sZ )x

w EZ
X 7gzgzZi6,zZ LZ 7V17
0
+
i g z . ~g^ ~iw 7
g X wEZ }
/Z
x
%K wEZ
[ Za kZ s ]gz
| (,
X YgzZakZ: 7ewLZ
s aq
/Z\ G,
zi ] !*

/Z
v, Z N YW[g LZVwaZ
X VV: ` W}6,h VZa
'

BkZgzZ , q
-{uzvZ} Za
X N : gzZq
-
: VY w 6,kZ !k
,
t !*
wz ]g[pX
X g ZzZ
t* Z Z W
T y"pXyZ6,Vz[g LZ .
D
VJZX i Z0
+Z5]6,
YZ
] !*
hZ X D V7
V [ Z VzgzZVC [ Z
- 777]7x Z/_
.?

X X7X X
Y
E
G
kZ0
L gzZgZ: ZZ
+~ } Z :Y 1857~ Zi WL 58E
mvZ G
*9g ~ !*
Wa)[ zZ LJ&
CY {g 7%Z kZ Rn* Cc*
gzZ"7,$c*
z s Z/} ^
,Y ~Wz
:
X~(F,
sVzm,
ZV~T7c*
:(ZL**
/LL
~]z ~g g !*
g !*
{z yZgzkZ c*
`)lg
/7Z Vzm,
Z6,
C./
X7x **
Z~yZ\fX6,

:gzZ17z
E
d
L
%N 3g Vzm,
) X iZ gziF
Z } ; ZSgzZ zZ : Zc KZ **
/
& ~g gzZ
( 33&32m~ Zi WLG
:tg
YE
~ [ !*
+ F, Z Z Y 18 57 ~ Zi W L 58E V,Z6, gz Z z [L L r
# tg C ]
{6,[ r
# BBgzZ 7s -L L L LLZg (Z ~L L
vq
-ZX n~(, } Z :ha**
L
L t V2 @*
k\Z 6,] Z|g
Z
]o/Zz**
KZ g @*
( 25mY 2008c @*
', Z - - g,
-zg Z ) X Zz C!*
.} (,~ekZ
_
IF
4
&
gzZ } Z :)~ zg ]
~ [ L GX Hypx La$c*
z s Z B
G
G
n
L gzZ } Z :)ce **
ZzX B: Z
L LgzZ L L**
g Z
L

v C
~ V Zz 7]o Zy

\ W.
7 V mL Lq
-Z s
h q
Z L LgzZ c ZO Z ] ',
, ~aZ MI C',Z+%
yz*gzZ ~ !*
W ha L 6,
L qkZX
AE
.
ZzV {@Z **
W y*zy !*
L LgzZg7 ug I sZ Z zg tg , ~gx YZg%
&
X 0gzZ_LE
'
Y 2011

20

~sZ )x

]Z
gZz]x:iZd
$zZp

] ^n]

pZZ e :i Z
{)z ZgzZ i kZX}: iz',Z',{g fy

x @*
OZgzZ l l
"
$!*

( 6,

c Zz g Zh
+%cVYXn AXF
( 2m@g Z? )X
awh
+%{z
t~
z {zgzZaIZsg /
@*
]g !*
] Zg WZ
# ~bKZ {z:
\vZ J
- {z g { Z_ kZ
@*

VY} j}kZ \vZTg D iZ


( 3:mZ )X c*
]g !*
t
gzZ}Yyx kZsg :c*

/
x gzZYygzZY Za pV =
ZuZ @*
g @*
~d
zC
gzZ Y} [ Z
z',
zg V-C
gz {h
+ gzZg m C Zg Z Zz Z
( 4:m sZ )Xg@*
7
~pg
$u 6 ` Zci c*

/
XXXn] t] F]ZZ c*
W
LZ { i Zg q
-Z i c*

\ W { /
oq^m o]L
L c*
W~g
$uO Hg gz6,
aVzi X Hi ZgZ}
.LZ Zz"7,i XXe
Z Z bkZ h kZce Vz : X $ Z Z}
.
( 8:mZ )X: Za $~kZ,
y!*
#
i zg; yzZp ~/
yC
gzZ 1zZ m
CZ[ i
izg
X g D c iz[ Z{zn7W',
{[ kZ
# : @*
Z
y2ggzZ g + i :c*

( 9sZ )X
Hyk
Hy2
Y 2011

]Z@WgzZ sg z xEm!*
z ~C
h Z% L X3Z
D J
-Z
] Z f KZ s: )g f ] kz
]Z
g Zz ] xgzZ ] ',
z nA qzg LZ
E
uzX D
x Z t Z
M F,
Z}
.L 7=g f
%Nzq
wYyZaV Zz
y ~V- Zz`
@F
-g@*

~ Cd] iz
Z yZZyZgzZg g f

X D Z] XaV Zz ze
]Z f yZZz G
*9Zmi Zd
$yZpzZp]|
zZp ]|X
zu ~ Vzg} { !*
c!
:L
o Z Z
Ze
$Z@{ZgXgzZ **
;zgh+u
**
Zwi oszu|cy
]b]
\ WO **

S H,
gzZ *
*gz 8
-i V
d
$gzZ t Z
M F,Sz e
$Z@z g LW
zZp ]|6,Vm{ m{ C Z { og
&
4GG
+Z zZp]| \ WN
] c*
Z@z ] E
5G
V< ~ @g Z ? Z m g
X*u e
$Z@zg ` W[ t c*

] Z
gZ
} ig : 5gzZ b) Z~ ] kZ
&
G
E
L 3B g|<e {izg i ]g
I
IZ ] {L { k
HG [ Z Z cZ L iZ
$
+z(] ZzbcVgc izu|
z ] Z
g Z 0Z ]z Y6,] h
+/
X ] Z

7] Z] Z
g Zz ] x\ W~ sf
X D YK
c xi : c*
0*
#
}
.c*
0*
T/

21

X8-xZeY

~sZ )x

( 24Z )X Y kZy#
\vZ @*
**
3 /
~g F a V- g F gzZ Vzg x B g
nK TX }bq}6,] yxg3gzZ
n
gzZ <
L i {z :
g ` VZ
',O Z c*
yZk
,
zyZ0
+{ LZ kZ c*
3
gz x | 7,B gvZ p%: Z y xg
X CY
$uX CY
X P vi ^]: ~ g
gkZ t $Zt6,T {z t ~/
( 29Z )
X:kZ A
$,g 6,
ukZ, cg ZD

G-d
X ~gz 7,: Zizg Z }gHgz
{g f {g f kZ
/Z @*
C{z~ L z /
( 8>30Z ) : x Y c*
{ ~ v WgzZ Y c*

zZuz}gZ
/~ i z }{ &]Zg
X }g
t D
zmvZ -vZ wg~}g!*
T~ kZ ( hZ) {>Wv Ww
yW
gTgzZ} Z Zxsget n
a}gi >WVY @*
Ya **
z {V{z @*
W~ w
gzZ}z{i @*
JZQ Yk
,
~hQ7, c*
p
X 7v W~*| (,

H
C0*
c*
**
3 **
3 U~ y*G/
(36:m8>Z )Xgw'~Z c*
-[f
J
U {L k
: ]x y*gVY ogzZy{z3
] YomvZ G
*9g h
+m,!*
zZpg !*
-Z :c*
q

} Z Wi ZzW n ] n: p Zt
z
( 16Z )X ZzmwY
h
H| (, kZ /
KZX u] # ] a ^%F$
+m,
!* zz y7{L{k
( 17)X DnZg **
VzwgzZ}
.kZ Yc*
*
( 9x Z )X] !*
~g Q}t :&] Z f
: x3,
w kZgzZ vZ x c*
x **
vZ Z
#/
KZgzZ z * ~ u|{Zg y
KZ J
-Z
# :c*

H: { c*
i y ZZz N Z kZ Z gzZ
/ZX Y 7 4Z ~ u|IZ {z }: uF,

] Z f X {L{ k
( 18Z )
X N*
:
qt
( 6,wzg Z
: ] 9 Vzq0*
z KZ z * ! AXF
# sg
+
i
: ~ g
$u X 9 }n + Zz LZ ( 1 )
HY7 Zmh

+m,!*
O 8 yxg VZ 0
kZ 8 {n+ Zz LZ
J
-V c*

? F,
-V~ g \ W [ Z N e~w qZ)**
J
X @*
Y
x ~ kZ V @*
{ yxg VZ Vz KZ ~ Z
#
X 9 x ( 2)
X D W z*
?f yA Y 7yv Z ?{k
H
X 9 x Z Zz] {nvg )
,( 3)
( 9x Z )X *
*Zgz
X 9 p~gzZ]g c*
i} i Zzg~: { ( 4)
:gz {z
/Z 1yTp T
~#
}
.gzZ 9 s }n %zc LZ ( 5)
( 20X 22:mZ )X xgsz^
( 9x )X 7~kZ
w wZg0
+ZkZ @*
{zsg
% 7~ ]g \vZ q y
q6,
kZ\vZQY: ub
z LZ @*
} e Q}: ~ O Z x Zce
Y 2011

22

~sZ )x

spXa 1xa
) **
xz
( 9x)X YZz6,
"yVz {zgzZg:
( 57:m11x )X CZa }gzZ}uz @i {z~0qy#

/Z
zgy }g @*
b[ Wsg
( 9x )X D:
X Sg7{qzgT
(9x)X M7y
Kzx**
kZ
rgx~{ZgG
h ( 1 ) X xi k a gI Z
( 9x)X s7y!*
i]!*
gzZZZ c*
yIZ
( 5) g ( 4 ) ( 58 :m12x ) [ Z ( 3)% ( 2) zg ; yzZp]|%zc LZ ~
**
3 ( 8 ) <#
/ Z ( 7 ) ( 6) wuF,
z Z \vZN Y 0*
&~
/Z
!Zf) i z { izg ( 10) **
g (Z ( 9) **
c*
g]zI Z gzZ .]zI,q&{z
rg
z
( 18 6:m:Z
( 9x )X }i Z [ W#
.
~c( 1) xi k a|IZ
+g Vz',gzZ 4 x (V
$
}{fg: gp: ( 2) **
{g Z}
.gzZ **

( 46:m10x )X ~',

+ZgzZ 3 { Zg \ h( 3) X}: w ~$
+
X mZ&4
~*
] ( 5) Z ( 4) {Z
+]y
Wz*~TC]!*
X ] !*
DLZ ( 1)
g F,
gzZH
LZgzZ Yx Hz m,
C
( 6)
Xg: mw ( 2)
"i Zzi( 9)~ gzgC
( 8) gzt( 7)} (48:m10x)X}8zp
zsg{z(3)
( 186X 87:mZ )z
) ( 10)i *z * {zVa
z \gzZ @*
*sg
g @*
g egzZgg Z',
V
t #

(49:m10x)X C7ZgzZG0gzZ@*
gZ
%q
-Z Vg }:gz \ WLZ
z } K WZm Z zg q
-Z :c*

~ kZgzZ x D Y V6,%kZ {z Z
# @WKZ ~ w 45 :c*

Y7 :
L
X ~
@VZz KZ 4za kZ Vd:Z\vZ @*
gg
c*
@*
YWk0*
kZ Le {z {zsg
( 49:m10x )X Vds)gzZVz\vZ
X
8[ Z kZ H{z]!*
/Z YH:xzZ W x **
] !*
kZ 7zg
X kZ0*
] cIZ
Y c*
z Z % ^
/Z Y c*
**
3
~ cgzZ **
g Z
V #
h
*
*gz kZ Y c*
: Y :ZzB; {Z wq
X *
*g (Z{
( 52m10x )Xce
'
:gzZ:6,ZZ}
.yZtVg
( 53:m11x )X ,zsq
f [8] h
+ ++ h
kZ N yyi ZzWsZ ] q
WgzZ ya kZ~ @*
*
*d
z gzZ FM sZ ] )x a

X V@*
Y0
E

G
( {g Z Z )X N M[xZz a} izg **
3wzZ'!*
&~b {3 Z E
!
Y 2011

23

~sZ )x

t W6 zZi6g

l^m

kI,
'YxZ e :i Z
d
z Zg yZXgz* ug @*
i *" *1X
{ Zp X @*
g
/~ wg c*
Z ] #
}
. x
X {z)j%I Zp{zsZ#
Q
~zy
W#
sZ ~z qz 0
+
i /
Vc*
g Zi 7gX ZZc*
g
x Zg Zi [ Z {
!*
Y7tX
Z [8i Zd
$u 0*
_X ;gZg ~z* gZ
s ] m +Z h
+
g +Z h
+
+ Z
g ZMZ ;
g ZMZX @*
W=Z ~ ]
~ ] g Z x Z =Z z X g
#X g !*
i g z X @*
W
{ i @*
kZ X ~ Z WZ x Z
,
V V1ZX V gZx Z
[ w V
: Xc*
: J
-W Te **
W{z X ] !*
gz t D Y
> ?Z !*
Wg
c*
g X5Vz
/
VzZ
X _ Z]yZZgf!X c*
g**
{
:J
-wz
zQ n
i ~/k',{a /
| 7,,i x Zx _7,Z
Kg
x X @*
7i Z0
+Z W,Z Zh Y lg !*

/X s Z e
G!
CY | 7,6,
z LZ i C
B5Z Z ] E
5 B -o
GLqX 4[pn%x ZX

) ) ~ n%
| (,>
Z
# X C0*
: ] J
-\zZr_7,i
}g Wg e Lz L Sg: !*
fX CY
Z} 9n
X D Z Z n
QX K
iw gz zg X f
e| 7,]g `zz ZgzZX _7,
~g F |^ Z
+ Z
# } izg n
X yY
} (,y X { c*
i ~gz$~ /Z X Lg: L~
Y 2011

x Zx **
[kZ
HGD :,Uc
?
kZ Z% G DV X gZ
[ Z g ~Z /Z {z gzZ [ q
-Z
H ~ ,g VZ X CY 0 , yZ
&z ~, g VZ H ~,gzZ ~,Z
7gzZ ,Uc+ZJ
-V-
]o|t Z X |7 Z t X CW
J454X
'6, G

eZ }6,t X n ~ g gi 6,
{V\WkZX zg lz { zg { {z A
$X e
X A {* Vv@*
Zz
KY N ^zZ <p :q{+
hI
gT~ 9'!*
z" 3!*
i Zz s Z
X
) !*
w*
*7 @ZX ~
V-zZi]yZ BV1] yZ {z9
k{zi Z 7{ c*
iX 6,t WgZgzZ

~ e ~ e Z 8 * Z B_gz]
V-gE- *6,XX 6,g
[ZX V',] t X eg Z-Z Vc*
/e

@VY X g Y C !{ c*
i ygg ggt
q{h
+I { c*
i
q ~ ]Y
X ; g Y
-Z k0*
q
T~ y ~ ', y sZ :Z
Z]
.Zz !*
W gZ x Z X @*
Bg Zi {z @*
V
1p: Zg Zi ] g Z x Z 1X n
pg VG
{a
E
3"
uF, ~g Zi {z X 3 u 0*
n
yZ x OZ { wyyZ7X`
pg : : ug @*
n
{ z X D

24

XezgZc&
+g]',
/

~sZ )x

?{ MvZg f l!*
q{ { 0*

7 z
{zt c*
[ Z wg wW{
',
Z
$ Y c*
Hz iE
w~ zK Z%z {@Wqc*
gz] &
E
&C
{! E

kZ X W z W w kZ Y c*
kg
7, z, Z ] t _0y+ wB
$] Z f
X ',
Z ?{g Z
/
~ m,
+Z{
:Z ` Zu
~g
uz ]Tz [_
.u|z s~ Z
!*
~ ~cz / Z
Q t Z
#

L gXVg D{z
X q
-Z Z yZt e
9` Wy.zxE Dg :Z/
EG
-Z X gz ] }{B+t : 9Z 0
q
CC
!*
k, kZ c
~uz @*
g ZD

y.zxEM@*
\C
VZp8VZ! W
t ~: i C~ ,a
x Vp

~ ~g Zi !*
dkZ I g LZ \W] :S
/{z ~ yZy y.z xEB@W g Z x Z
kZ {g0
* ~g y.zxEq Z
{ c*
iXVzpwgzZyZs Z Z i q
Z Z Z}
.
kCW
Z k | 7,[ &s7
f ~w', x **
{g V!*
@*g |
Zz D[ !*
g Z :gZx Z
HV{
c*
X ~i s
X ~
9
yW
0*E
F,yZ q
-Z ~wZ xEyW
xE /
X gzZ ]Zg F]Y!g F}uz yZZ+
gZ Z6,xEZ6,kN VZ Zg !g
{z z
_Z6,doz oZ6,2Z Z6,
7u
Z
/ZA 7gzZ} A*

Y {i @*
yZZ kN yZZ+7i q
-Z
tW ZF,

vyZZ+X YWg
Zi WxZ1Z **
H dZ**
}
~zdZ1Z **
~Z HZk
,
+eH
2
Y 2011

Z{ @*
xg { izg~ ~',
C
/h
+
@*
g Zp wj C Q c V X D Y w@*|

eX : Zg Z **
hg{izg1Dgzx Zta} izg
[ xZ zZyZp Z e ZuzX [ Z Z { Z_*Zz n

~: L> 2iXK Z Z ox X HB
X
H: c*
0*
L[
}p}Z~ /k',J W /
D{z c*
:{!*
~ k',B 14X X"
: gyZ LQX DJ~ + E6,_ Z
q : ],
yZ6,T7+ZD

% i
i q
Z yZ
H{gw.V: w 0*
c*
WcLG
XZ ~ T7(Z xE ~z*1X E
: bg Z$
+W}C
}g 0*
Z yZ J
C
-u q Z$
+Zz
H: :y7vX S ZV
D
X v W~y$
+@yZ 7t
: :V { C Z}
. V{@*
+t
}:
/
]P`
C
{7 ] !*
+Z {W@*
Y c*
7
uZ e X
vZ `
Z X #
}
.+ #
}
.t
V D} :g e z7(ZX D pay

Zt LgxW ] Z s ) Z 7y g Z
{ i Z0
+Z CY VJ
- 0*
0*
Lg eg e LL
( (Z @*
ay

H6,]uZ e
z H~ ] !*
Z
r Zl
qx { " gZ _" ?mZ
XA h
+
&
+
e
g _ 4gZ Z ] Z f /
$ R @*
y X 7G
=
{ izgt 3g { izg~/ Z Za
c*
[ Z 8 7 8 3
H| e
~g
$u
g ZX ;gN Z}
.1 8 7
ZyZ uZg Z yZ kZ H yZ LmT
C [ /k',!*
[q~/
{ { WZc{ zgz Zg~/kZ
D { Z_ * LZz {0{C
g {C

25

~sZ )x

? y 0*
g7 wz g7 y { X 'w Vq
-Z V 1 :i Z yZZ+Q # 7,WZF,yZ X H
.
_
D Y z - { z
/y { Z ` Zu 7zz s Z w}Q7 ]!*
9
G
x S
-Z~LZ[ !*
g[ 6,_ ZX Z}
.=m{~]',
Z L .g}:t\W
gZxZ~ V Y
gZx ZX e:i} Zg yYe
$- * [ Zz wZ HF,
yz y!*
i k0*

gz p
` Zu?Nt X zgU{a f H qg 2Z
{g ~yZZ+ oz
T
$@*
e
$- {h
+z
/S) s: Z .zkZWZF,
X v
U NZ g**
g
$u L X3Z f*Z^;gE- C
iZ {
P7[ Z ~V-F kZ :~;zg / **
g . y 0*sZ
) ) ZZ @Ze
X[ c*
ugZgH_Z
# ~i*W,

!*
- f ~ Y 1884 : 5 ],

$u Z g
$uE /
Z}
.~ Z {
^
,Y gZx Z ^
,Y** V y Z ~ g
~Y 1890- fG @*
T e1^ Z s ZZ W 7 )b X g V
c*
C e**
g Z x Z gzZ ~ !*
W ha) X t
# I g
$u
gZ ~ g
$ q Z ] qz ] g
G
{
qZg **
Iu- 07 ~ Y 1894X yZ \ W x t N W6,gt] ] %=
c*
: i Z gZx Z ^
,Y**
x : {uZ e Y x fkZ i sg
$Z ng ZXB0*
V
X c*
C^
,Y**
~ {
q**
~ Y 1895 X gZ x Z c*
\ G,
gzZ Z
# $

w'**
3Z O **
~Y 1902X ^
,Y gZx Z gZ x Z , k g
$ q Z Y X $ C+ Z k Pg
^{
q**
~Y 1905X x ZwgZx Z { Z',\ W i ~ "7,, & g
$u DgzZ
G
G
!
X x3 kZ y g Z x Z c*
Cs
B bs Z ~ AZ7Z
aI>Z Z L[ yZ
Zg

A
E
2Z
.E
~ Y 1913X s
B ~ Z **
] 5kB Z1Z Q N Y @W Y k_ E
uv6,}izK- f
f & Zg c*
X N Y y !*
i }w f\ W
~ Y 1918 X c*
: : gZx Z c*
:
z [
7 ~ Lg : y 6,V!*
**

/
~ ZsZ **
#
NZ- 0G7 yY Zg f H [ Zu H | 7 # 7, w
Zx Z ^
,Y >aY x U*
zX y Zym{ yZt}Z }xEX
4Z c*
3E
y*zy - f~ Y 1919 X ^
,Y**
g X ~ VzMh
+]
.t Z z2 Z t E
Z
L
+?E
w gzZ dZ**
:Z - [Zg Z Z H ` Zd Hg { f L 7 [ q
-Zt
g}} :P ZP6,[Zg Z Zi WxZ1Z **
:Zx Z q
-Zt X Y H 6,kZ 7 (ZX
] q kZ1g,k
,
g J VZX Y c*
b e
KZh
+]
.z *x 7 c*
be
KZ
x ~ Y 1920X xsZg Z y*zy gZ x Z ~ {z kg z 0 Z6,6 x ~ T
Z e Zk
,
e ~|
/Z;gE- I qi - f V Z TX{ tg z
` Zh
+a ;gE- X6,w@*
u x Zg Z A
E
$k x t ` WX ; g !*
iZ
` Zh
+kZ ] Z f gZx Zt Xg ~h Z
# #h
+X ]gzg
(,
6X X 17mX X)X ` Z]{ c*
is d tg z r
# y{[ Z X 5',
Y 2011

26

~sZ )x

~`Az uZ

~g+Z ` Zu:7
wg {zT5:gzZ vZ Z}HX n m
~ Z $gz}gzZ !vZ f X @*

/ZX Vz: x~ !]e] ] ] :1

7wggzZ 7.
] !*
~ wg
wj Zg O X Y ] !*
? 7.
kZ
j^ j ]X gt 0*
s
:lIZg J
-LZ]!*
t[[X o ]j^
x?ZmgaZ @*
{ 1 **
lp ) **
C
n[pVrZ {z1( { C ZZC
$
X ^e t] v ^m\WBgzZ
'!*
~ *
@ Y}g ( zmvZ -)} Z
V Z l!*
zZN Y:$
++ LZyZ }g
W}g } VG LZ} i ZzW c*

sVz Dg
/ { Zg Tx?Zmg uX Dy.6,
{ Vn
pg6,}igxgzZ D Y} 9
g Z- VZ V zi !*

]g 4

t W} . D} 9~
G ;ga+
H7ag ZMZ c*
E
-G3 $
E

6,<
L kZ 7
/Z @ L{+
X <
L **
37<
L **
3{s }y
~ "Xg q0h
+iDI~
E

gZ F
@G!*
-Z d
q
$
yZ f
e gy L
! Zz: { Zz6,Vzi n
)KZ Zzn
{ izg ( 5~j+ akZh
+

;g 7,| H{ +}N !vZ c*


H7
Y 2011

y$
+y cl a zmvZ -]} W
Bx q
-Z 7k- \ Wp C Z**
4G
V) `gz q
5E
&
) Zgi 0G
-Z
T6,ckZ c*

a V
/
u( v
l } g X ]c VZz ]!*
~h N
]**
k~`av
/~
/
wq lp` IZ Dg Z
/Vx
/ Y V;z g
`x **
zzk} (,Cc*
zz
kYZ
M }g7 kZ t~p
/Z
H7,
6 ]
/ pvZ
M gzZ c*
VZ V
d
$

#
Z
HH
zkZt
Hc*
gd
$
lkZQgzZ
Z]|d
WgzZ {`
; ~KZ x?ZmZ',
Z]|
`]X thg~~ Zz{
Hz[ W"x?Z @
X
tig V]yZvZ} Z ( Z',Z {g) l]%]
, ~g Zg x?Zmg
] 4gzZ ! Z ._ t GZ 0Z ~ xZ wZw
vZ - zg uXg q0h
+i]|._e
$Zzg
Y k0*
Vf .
x p=`zm
g D so ZyZZg7 X c*
Z x
~ :W gZu} (,&y
WB: e
$Z@ =q
-Z
d
Wz/ X X&X ? c*
X q
~ e
$Z@]yZZ
# gzZ p=~g !*
~g !*
k0*

] ] ^ ] f] h]$] maX q
-Z
Vz{g 0*
{g 0*
s ~~ c*
vZ\ W
/ZX
]u] ] q ^] :~$
+V- }uz !vZ f X

27

y1 ZgXg7}zZ
', ~sZ )x

]Z
gzZ Zx Z~ 0
+
i C 7+
M Gg
6,z qc*
gz ] q nZ zmvZ x **
SV-g Z)f ZgzZ 5Z Z mZt ~g
*z+ ~+
M qzgxsZzz X
B !*
V gzZ ~$ y
KZ q
-Z ~ xsZ X 7
X YVJ
-w2dZ+
M qzgzszyZ
xc*
`T76,V Zzpg6,g@*

KZ
V V;z g Y 0x',
Z w !*
+
M qzg6,
r
-E
Oyj
gzZ c*
WZ @*
Zb VZiz
L VE%
~gZ Zzgz gzZ Wz ZJ
-
Id
$
Z kZ+
M qzgxsZX Wg e
* kZVg !*
kZgzZ{@*
C
y
KZ
YgZy CkZX Z%!*
]y
WgzZ[x
{g) 0
+
i Z0
+{gJ \zg z +
M Gg
Vqzg:gzZ Y W7~zoz` g(Z
xZZX Yq F,
z Z oz ` %K s ZZ
]z +
M qzggzZ *z +6,hT g@*
^z
gzZ Zg6, Zga
@+
M
KZ Za U~yxg
6,
/e - gzZ xZz Z +
$Y yjgzZ F,
)k
,
2 ! 254B 253myZ ) X } 7,
W
( g7ug IBZ)xi
+ZrkI@ug I
'

Y 2011

X CWt kZh0
:i
Hw $
+ 7 k Z =
**
Y: w$
+?} ? 0
+i ~
gg
/
y}~gz6,
{~
: ie
$ D: V 2z :
n] ]] o] `] :N
5p Z
h k] nu ]] u]^m ojnu oi
e m ] oi o] oe k] nj]
*7,g !*
g ZD
p Z {> ! o^u] g o
s BF, V/4Zz Zz6,zZ W
S',Ps
\z ug n\ c*
~ G
47{ O}W+C+X
zmvZ-*ZE
0E
(X"
# !*
,"
)
#
:fp )
///

x*
* wgqnZ7M
+gM
+qzg~xsZ

& e ] n ] oF # ] $ : !*
g
gZ
`n m i ^mFP `n ]jm `] `n
( 164e
$WX 3yZ/wW{g) v] h^j] ` m
yxgyZ6,VZyZ Z (, \vZ"
yZgzZ k7,tWyZ6,yZ 5wgq
-Z ~ 7Z
X @*
2z[ 7ZgzZ @*
H,
[ g Z z ] Zez Z% H,
*
*s !*
zC
Vg @* ^gzZ b {h
+I**
E
G
tVX zmvZ-L 4] Z%X
Vzq &yZ
Ce
$Z@zg Zz6,g}g7 ] !*
X6,
!*
! H,( 1)
Y
Z] x ( 2 )
] x ( 3)
h s&) +
M
M qzgt xsZ
M qzg~xsZX Z <
+
Zzyc*
Zv (

28

~sZ )x

kl` ZcK2wg

^ l

~g ~g x:i Z
**
k
,
+g%Z, Z a"
5
$U*
C
g
( 629B 2yWZY M) {7Zs ]
6,] c*
yZZzK
=vu
Dg Z [p[p x {KZgzZ qs Zc
X D i Z e
$Z@ V Zz + yZg zk
,
} Z}
.
txzg ZzgzZ yZZ6,] Z f k
,
[g Zg
} 7,
' @*
x C
yf S gzZkZD
Zg f t Nz .
gzZ 9 t z h] Z7
X `"
$U*
g Z zI Z6,] Z7 zmvZ -]tg Z]
.@*
} f Hy 7Z ! |Z lpgz Z K Vz
x ZX
g ] Z7 \ W._ DL Z $
E
Z }BZ y ZZz G
*9Z m + Z w
X `gq] Z7g ZD
q
-Z w DI Z ~ TX
#)gz Z
-E
~ekZ =Z ZvZ L LZm <XE
X Z
{7yZxq
-Z zmvZ -` Zc
X
Hc*

7{7tgzZ{zmvZ-\W
lpT ` Zc 7 !*
ge
$kZ ~ g
$ qZz yW

_zg kZ
HHyB!|Z
X } 7,
**
t zhkZ=
:i ZBgyZZz G
*9Zm~C
iZ{
xc]|
ZzL L
vZ ~ kZ 7g Z sZ ` Zc 0G
yZ y Wz}izmvZ -wg {h
+
/
',LZ \
c*
Z{@x ]
C]c*
W c*
z ]gKZ Zgz
H[Z
{ (
axsZ IZ {g 0~ kZ
Y 2011

Vg gzZ V1
LZ z V ] L{
{7wgC

Hc*
{7: C
X Zi Z] Z7
J&
] Z7yZ D]tL ] Z7: VYgzZ W
gzZ ZZ~z]oV%zm
CZ zz
{7 Z ZwgzC
Xg Dd
$
yZv
0*
ZuzmvZ - gg]g Z]
.@*
1
HZi Z
X
H5 {7
" ~] ~g zmvZ -kZgbT
]Zi Z z ]Z7gzZ ]z \ W bZ wV
X { c*
i p ZgzZ\ WwVKZ
yZX y {7C
Y c*
~k
,
{{7
r Zl
VogzZ **
]Z7 yZ V Zz e +
}g !*
] Z7 Z
Z ~g z =1HZ~
0
+
zZ ~ 46,= KZgzZ g D ~
V yZ =s ] Z7 I yZX
"+
MzigzZ o ng Z s" ~ kZ x t ]
2Z Px t w z@
6,%Z kZ+
M 7K
M F,

Laws of ) ]2 Z Zc._*ZgzZ
~ yZ T
Z 2Z ]gzZ @*
Y ( Nature
',g Zg }g ] x :gz 7ew$
+zg
n~ekZ C7t] Z7=a kZX Y
t {z p {7 xsZ} ft lg Z
/gzZ
]ggzZs ]2Z @*
{z{77
Xtp9{7g u',
^ne e ^] ^ ^e ^ni]
L L !] F] n ] ] o]

29

y1Zgg **
!*
g ~sZ )x

X c*
g Z+ kZ ]!* tX LeZqwD Z[ WZg v ZzW
5k! p W e ]T ~g v~ [z
" [ Z" !*
[ !*
6,g Z MZ LE
Zz
gzZ c*
g Z }uV ` Zc0G
kZgzZ c*
kZ *
*: lZ
g gz6,LZ
E
gzZ **
J
-rgzZZz [ZpZ11 y Z Z
Z ^$
+ #
0pI$ ?
/ZgzZ
8: x ~f
}\ W6,g KZ~[ Zp
t }u yZQ g(Z { Zg ugzZ
**

W6,
XZ~ y*kZ LZ 7
( 633B2yWZY M)X } 7
,
**
g ez
K 7 qzg szmvZ -}g \ `g
$ q ZgzZ] c*
W W
x Z} f ` ZcZz
X q ~g Z
b` Zc c*

M i V1 KZ~ y Zc @} (,~ zg
e
$Z@z h > z f4 #
Q kZ \vZ
V
) !*
Z G~ ]ozG_T
0 }Z ]c*
Zzg sZ {z = kZ {z
/q
-Z Vc*
0*
"gzZ {7yZxkZ 7*
*y` ZcZz
`z a u LOgz ] 2 0Zi Z \ WLZ m u 0*
[8LZ k
,
[g Z ]
i Zz ]c*

] Z Z 0*
zu"5#zzK
-zb~g7 vZ -
g bc+
G6,yZ Hw x?Zz > }Z
+ F,.
h
**
gzZ Tg D16, yZ w
AZvZY
yZX YH!Zi Z ] 2zuzm
` ZcX ] !*
Z yZ0
+
#
.@*
0{oZg !v:Z
E& bz Z', zmvZ -]tg Z]
C

4
}
E
}g ` W}fGgzZ G yZ 6,K \ W] c*
gzZ] :SgzZ Zqs ` ZcT
r Zu VzY H_ Z yZ
/Z t Zg z{@x\ WoXXgzZI
6,kZ
` ZcZz ,5 !*
g
gZ WX YY c*
mvZ -kZg
z T Z ~g Z
b
t c*

n fe pF] p] ^vf X 6,y g Z Ze


$gzZ! gakZgzZ p=` Zcz
!oF] r] oF] ]v] r] m{ Zz]ogzZw yZZg v{zc*

K~ e
$WkZ L
L
Hc*

~ e
$WkZ
gzZ & kZ Zl
z Va VrZ 0*
z
,z 27 ~ Y 621 w ,g
H ]t f ` Zc y)F,
;y!*
izmvZ-tz]zt Z
# 1y
[ZpX ~
q ~g Z ]Zg ~y
Wc Z
#g
C |Q gw1
i ~` ZcKkZNgzZkZZc
}J
TV!*
i{z
2 Vz bzggzZ VY n: E
@
xsV?#
**
kZ

( yZg) X D :g Zg6,
` Zc[ Zp mxsZ L Z VrZ { yZZgw 1
]ogzZZz [ Zpt t v [Z
VrZ c*
g Z
nZ Z Z (,
s x?Zz > }Z
j ] m] oj] ^m ] ^q ^ZZ `e
$Wt~ c*
W` @*
~gzC
t gzZ c*
g Z + Zz kZ
Q [ ZpVD7 XX^ C{C
b zKZ6,Z, Z 0
+Z {@*
=
: n~ekZ Zz[Zpt Z
# t vZg & 1Z ZV(Z
}uz 7 ` Zcm e
$WkZ
]z p H7 ntuVrZ Z {E
+ kZ
` Zc~ e
$WkZg ZZ 6,kZ
/ZgzZ [ Zp ` Zct Z @61ZgzZ Hg Z [p
Y 2011

30

~sZ )x

t9 !^ ^ jf ] o] vZg k0Z]|Q f
) ) z<

L IZ B Z~g Z
b` Zc ~ ~g Z Z% c*
gV :c*

\ W Lg7k
8Z
Bbzgs` Zc T
X 9 V\W
X gzZ
/{ Ze{ Ze+ $
+{z~[ Zpsc* o ] ^`m] n ^m oa ^f e] ^
( zmvZ -wg] Z7!Zf330:mtZ] Z)
~yWZx Z0
+Z! 0Z) ! n ]
:
Hc*

~p{p> %gzZ
V Hw \vZgk0Z]|
^m] ^ n] o k^ ]] m ^]
jm ^ ^a] u] ^`e jj] ^ ^ ^m k^
!^`m oF rm l]] jm pFm ] u] o
~g ZZzZ
# W7g
z kZ ]gzg Z
XX!h] m o]
X H ]gzg Z @*
n [ Zp
/Z ~ kZ @*
Zz [ Zp ` Zc
/Z
( 139B11> b> %) LZ~ [Zp
/ZVY @*
:g Z kZgzZ @*
: 2
9
G
vZ *g 0
+Z n) ]| gzZ
6,{zJ
-V ;g Y Z @*
o y W{zA\ W
u mje ^]L L"t WKZm L[ Zp, Z
W kZ \vZgzZ
H Y
,
k
00XkZ~zmvZ- oF_] x Z )X YH7g Z kZ}g Z
=s gzZl
]] ] o] n] ] ga:D

( 627B 2yWZY M!ZfyWZ


e^q ^f e] a v] a ]aF n] o r^e ~F,
gzZ ~g g c*

mvZ G
*9gq)
fu oe] e ^ ma oe] mu ] 7Z ~z% \vZ g k0Z ]| tZzg
e] ^j nfq e n ^v] e] pf] oj] ^m ] ^q ^L L
g ZkZ\vZ Hf
na]e] v] m e] h^` k] gn] c*
3 Zz3 {zH: gzZX ^ j ] m]
] o ^ n a xmq e] a^r Z ` Zc~ ~g Z
q\ W i WV1
n ^q fu e] pf_] a nq] ^`
X 7ygzZ @*
yZZy c*
i WaV
m 0Z x Z
n$v] ^`] m^j] %] a n] k0Z ]|~vZ g N
G
"
$ZzgvZg
Zt p |3E
Y EZ )X m] nj] ] o of] m] o ^ X e
( gg7,B 188( ! ) \vZ-* !ne ] n] o n oF^i
\ W& ~ M Y ~ ~g Z {z 3 q zm
|kZ ] ]{gr
# ]|
G
tgzZ V\WKZ
BB qz gZzt Ds
# z ` Zc0 Zz Zz] !*
+
%v v!*
f oZgzZ Hg Z

X ~g Z
qgzZ K D
: D

a` Zur
#
( 584 583:mY m
CZ >E
+
!Zf)X
G
n oF^i ] o re ] oF m ^
*9g yZ)K d
$i8
-gzZ ]|x H *ZgzZ
r ^f f] fe pF] re ^ n] o ^ ] x]:D
mvZ
( 277B 2
a` Zu)X r] |] |^e ^ ^r] ] a] n u
Y 2011

31

~sZ )x

A[p zy!*
i ~nKZ6,xsZ] c*
zxsZB
] VzsZI yZ VgzZ YZ
(q
-Z 6,` Zco VrZz` bz
H"
$U*
[ Zp ` ZcB z ~(,gzZ VZg Z
H5 y? yZ _ u]
~z%g
$ q Z 0 ` Zc (q
-Z X YY
-Z Z p
q
gzZ gkZ }uz q
-Z
)X g Zz KZ gzZ Ch
+ F, }uz
( yWZY M!Zf762u]

D
I} M
: @*
x "7,! ( u) yZ
yZ gzZ Z<
] Z Z g |gzZ
6,7C
xsZ VzzM~C
i
Y: VY xsZ~ kZ { ZpT e **
X
w: VY {o zm \vZ -gzZ
pX M
h p mZ /_
.kZ \ W Y
` ZcHX M
h7dkZ\W p }z
Z
\W H ? 1 xsZ l$I \Wg Z
6,xsZ yge {7wJ VrZ Zp]gm
Sq H kZQ 7
/
? c*
C
hgWZg **
gZ
uXgz dx LZg Z ] uZz 9yZ kZ
( 628B 2yWZY M)X Yc*
`gzZ
` ZcZz YY c*
{i Z0
+Z ! l ] yZ
` Zc\ WgzZ Z~~g Z 7[ Zp
**
[]|~y
WB Vz gzZ bzg
6,V ug I yZ m vZ G
*9g ~ _ /Z
: D
X V;g y*CZ
b

` Zcz uZ z 9<
L L
yZgzZ fx q nZgzZ *
@/B gzZ ~g Z
$ q Z6,kZ 6,Z <
g
gzZ $
4Z `g Z)X F,
3E
( 287B 1> E
Zg ZgzZ
'
Y 2011

f ` Zc zmvZ -kZg \[g


t ;g
6,
kZ fe pF] c*

D
VY ` Zc6,g K\ WgzZ ~g ZZz
@*
Zz [ Zp
/Z @*
Y 1 6,Vz gzZ bzg
kZ ~~g Z >VYX @*
Y f |e pF]
G
*9Z m ~i Zg ) ~ L gzZX
HH f ?
X Hf yZZz
tz]|e
$Zzg q
-Z Zz yZz [ Zp
] m^ :D7vZg
!v^ ^m k^ ^ t]]
wZ0 ` Zc vZ gtzZ ]|
[YHyX c*
z{z VrZ
HH
tzz t~
C9 W 7!*
c*
g Z% c*
z
WgzZ @*
wEZ ~ p[Zp c*
g
Wc*
g Zz]c*
Zzg ~uz Z
# X ~p
X 7
g b
8pZz[Zp Z%V9
: vZ gi ]|e
$Zzg ~uz
X t]] n n ] o v q ^
X
Hc*
0*
7]Zg ` ZczmvZ-x Z
t Z% kZ vZ gi {]|
/Z
[ Zpp [ Zptc*
0*
7\ W~ 1
[ Zpt ` Zc% FzmvZ -kZ g~
)(l ` Zc M YVY fZz ` ZcZz
~
A zi \ W vZ gi ]|gzZ ~
HfZz\ W
/ZgzZN W~
7Z]
. bzggzZ 7 bzg\ W t
]c*
Zzg ~uz Y 1 pt ` ZcBgzZ bzg
( 584:mY m
CZ >E
+)X $
rB
Z 7,**
i W 5#z ZZ ~ gzC
xsZ
[ xli gzZKZs xsZIZgzZxsZ
Vz"z6,L gzZ ]c*
{ Ze b ba
?N*
y V{uX g Zg

32

~sZ )x

{g *Vg e
$zzDL Q

vZgy{
M IZ{

6n^ n

~g @b:i Z
{g )(l yZ0
+{ \ WgzZ
Hc*
Z
*
* yW
~ / wb \ WX ] s
?:XZ Zx ZBBkZgzZ H qz
Z0 x Z] E
-r
~ ~tK2X g Cq D}gzZ g
$u AEZ
~ xEyZ gzZ '
~ Wz dZz
K wgZ ]| Z
/
Zz\ WX Hq
y{ ~ ZKZ Z Z i ~ ~t
a Z ~q? zm \vZ -wg Rzg
X D V) n~ {g !*
] g Z]
.@*
V;z gzZ D Y
\ Wt V Zgye kZ KZ ~ !vZ wg c*
LL
zm\vZ -] g Z]
.@*
izgq
-ZX D W< :Zz
^m :c*

gzZ ]g c*
i~[ZpgZ]|
(^` ^ n je] ] o] (u
} Z ) ^` p^e ^` ] oF^i ^vf v]
kZ [g ZgzZVZgye~~!
3ZC
4EE
( 53:ZIZ5: GpG
ZZ ) ( X Zg

ug I zZgzZ ~ y{

pzm\vZ -] g Z]
.@*
b y{

t0. Z t GZ]|} Zt ZQx ZX c*

gH
Zp b y{t gZ ]|
g Z]
.@*
t0.Zt GZ]|X c*
:[ Z VrZ Hg Z
t ~ !vZ wg c*
L L: V) n~ { g !*
]
GL!}

. y{VY akZs Zp
gzZ \WwV KZ ~ qc*
gz ] gzZ qgzz @i
\ W nt X {gzZCq Z
Y 2011

@iVM~g
/Vig " +Z~xsZ g@*
}
#
. Z}
.tgzZ qc*
gz ] 0*
z qgzz
w Vz%gzZ H q [
]+Z [g vZ =g f
]yZgzZ VZi **
g@*
6,VyZ g
/
I!
i

Y H_gN g @*
/ZX { Zg L a +

M
KZ
G
p Vz% e
$Z ~ ]^
, 6,e
$z
L " Z%
E
KZ VM&ZpyZx **
g" ~ g @*
& gzZ sz u|BB Z Z Z
0
+
i
YE
kZ X \ WwV KZ K g L 5_, Z, Z 6,e
$z
xg Z
M IZ ]]Z0 ` Zzi Z V ~ .
;
MZx+Zq
-ZV;ziz
Z {Vc*
ZP;
MZ
gzZ sz u|
z T Vg 6,e
$z Q
x Z[ZgzZ 5F~xsZ g @*
gzZ Z ~g Y ;y.zxE
xsZ g @*
kZX Hu nAyZZ LZ
4E$E
kZ X C c*
[ vZ g GE
HZz Z GpG
X *
*gy;f Zz[LZf4Zk
,

zx *
*

gZ
M vZ gy{ Z
/Z \W
&
E
G
gzZ } Z Zh
+igZ X vZ g
7,
x Zy{p kZX D7Z0x Z
ZggZ )X C7
4E3E
( GpG

+
0i ZZgzZ] X*
!] z

|$
+iz',
| 145wZ gB 11~)(ly{]|
/\ WX N Za y 5
Mix Q]|gzZg ZZ
{g Z
/Zz \ WZ
# w 0*
Z ug I

33

y 0*
cZ

~sZ )x

: ^wa a~q~ {g!*


[g LZ~
/Z
X VCgZc6,
L 4Z~'X VjY
<
+G
A
C
W
M5
Mi {7y{]|
%g ZD
b ~kZgzZ
g pug IGKZy{
kZgzZ ' H ]]zyW
\ WX c*

yW

GKZ ,i F \WX 3g ~g Y v%x @*


\ Ww
~
q { izg 0
+
i ~g \WgzZ X Z Z~ ug I
The light ) ( ~ V p=gzZ Z ) ~g Z
/
( of Ahl-ul-Baiby Metawalli al-sha rawi
]g *
c igzZmx?ZmvZ2Z,
'Z *
*
y{ :C
5
Mi {~}g !*
y{
Zgz X {
xq
-Z gzZ {Cq yW

[g vZ \ WgzZ g g !*
Z@W \W yW
]z
} } !vZ} :'n~ { g !*
]+Z
a kZ
y W]g c*
i x?ZmZ',Z 2LZa
-]|Z]
.}gzZ Y m
CZ1Z {z }Y
E
E
43ZggZ )X ]
( 41: GpG
.zm\vZ
~ 3 Zg N: Zzg6,^a ^Z
# y{
q~6,kZZ'
x?ZmvZ2Z',
Z]|
]| ]zZ',
Z gJ
-k
,
V;z X N
! dZ]
.}} Z :NV)n~{g !*
x?ZmZ',Z
# V qBbzgz` W~ { g!*
Z
\ W~
X Cq~ { g !*
\ W bzg ~ kZ
tX N
sg Zh
+ LZ~ ~g Z
q=` W
^m:c*

gzZ p=x?ZmZ',Z]|k
,

!l^j^] l^v^] ^ pe] =n ^m =oje]


! e~} Z )X ] pi ^e n] o]
~ Z g !*
gzZ ] " ]g t
KN !y} Z
>g V @*
z N ~ X ~ V[
!Z]
.c*
:Hny{Q ( X J 7, ]E,Z
Zg {zgzZ[
\vZ= ~
Y 2011

zm\vZ -] g Z]
.@*
] Zg ZX W^:Zz
} Z :c*

gzZ ]g c*
i s~ [ZpgZ ]|
E
E

43 ZC
( GpG
ZZ )X zt0.Zt GZy!
]|X Z~| 161Z
# gB5-iz',b \WV-gzZ
[Z FgzZ _} (,
z LZ t0.Z t GZ
n ]gc*
i \ WX ] c*
Zzg \ W
CzmvZ -]g Z]
.@*
\ W It VZz
~ Zq
-ZgzZ{ Zq
-Z\W\vZX
( 161:g ZzZ%)X
xx Z {

q*
c gz]

G
yZZ gZ ] tzf Z E
L y {
} gczD] X g zt
hzZ 0
+
i \Wzm \vZ -wg
) ZgzZ h
+G
A
M5
Mi {7 \ WX**

~ : C
W
\Ww:e~X y{sgzZg6,
yYY
DL7Z ~~kZgzZVg~#
}
.
X C
wz**
3g!*
-Z~y&\WX 7
q
.x1+Zsx Z
bkZ~ y

y{~G
:
]] f` ^v]
]] p ke n f
g ZuZ D
/ l

.G
g Z Z ~ f
M 6,y LE
^] r v] e m e u
^ j ] o _ ] e ] o
Zx Z d
W dZ 0 h
+i 0
R gU d
W {z
svZ
M e%&~ 0
+
i y{]|
\WZ
# XK Z Z^wa VrZ e ZgzZ Hq

zzH#
zZ6,
+Z~L
HHc*
g
CWx=:D c*

@xZ :c*

\W ?

34

~sZ )x

V Vz%]Zz kZV;z0
+
iVN*
{%
X HgzgyZZ
4Z~xsZ {],
Z Z y~,gz\ W
X Hf ] ZVc*
B 150\W g X
X c*

A
$% ? e 0Z q ~g Z 9bg

E
E

43 Z ggZ )
pG
The light of Ahl-ul-Baitby ) ( 89 : G
( Metawalli al-Shal rawi
%zx d
z ; y.z xEgzZ sz u| \ W

yZzf ]|gzZ w
g Z0x ZzzX ~gY
X g C;[ Z \ WVi;
MZx~^
w
x ZXg Dq}z g
$uD \ Ww
xZ
~ #
}
.y{ D j\ WZ
# w
:Zz ',x kZ gzZ D 5
Zpg a
w
xZ Z
# X @*
c*

[ c*
\ W]+Z [gvZ
-Z ._ w \ W 2~ ]>Z n% KZ
q
kZ \ WX 5~#
}
.y{n
/

j ^ ] u] :c*
:ZzBx kZ
/

[p] 5\vZ ) m] `q oF] ^e


xZ F
g x t ( j *
*zs kZ gzZ
{LZ\ W W
z~y
WyZw

~ } i }y{ %} z
0Z^Z Z wz w
xZ Z
# X ,
]gz
c*
Y ~ { g !*
y{ { i w
x Z Z
jzz } izggzZ ] ]\ W VY Y
Hc*

Y6,yy{{ i w
x Z6,kZX _
x Z { i w
x Z {6,
!*
~ } vLZ y{V
$G
$

Z Z~ ZMZ GbZ[
w
x Z]| bZx ZX c*
Z Z {i i X ~ V x
] ]:c*

vg )
,
-Z~Gq
q
-~} i
o^ (o^^e o^] o o
Y 2011

mZ',
Z **
6,kZ X 7~ kZY
\vZ"ug IN ! e ~} Z :c*

x?Z
N ~gzZ
H Zg{zgzZ wJ ~
V > 7y #
t \vZ gzZ ~ b Zzg Z
4E$E
( 62X 60: GpG
>jZ54:m:ZIZ )X
]s^
{]|zz kZ c*
Wgz gZ
#
:
K 0z yZ0
+{ \ WgzZ H{ Z
/LZzy
]|C
LZ \ Wwz Z
/
Zz LZX c*

-W{ Z_xx Q {gzZVgzZt0. Z t GZ


x
X
]+
$Y^ ]i YZ zmvZ
X q^| 193ug MZ ypgB 26 izg N C
I W \ WX w 48 ug I/ \ W
z kZ
`dl
czDgzZe
$zz\ W^}iu
yZx\ W^IZ q^\ WZ
# a ZX
m1 : AZzg Z
M IZ ^IZ HwLZ
ZggZ )X ]o
4E3E
( 43: GpG
] Z
IZgzZnDz #
Z !*
gz LZy{]|
g " +Z \ WXg {Z6,] Z yZ ^z i s
V) V s: el
XNC
] Z
\ W n Zzg ~
# qkW q
-Z X ~
VN*
KZ ]g~ q
-Z%q
-ZX Lg6,a
kZ X x hg~ #
}
.\ We `D
P 0*
Zz z Z
# X g
zy {
z
q
-Z6,kZ }
/
6,VN*
`DkZ}
~ VN*
kZ ZkCkZ~k
,
X ~g
t {Zz kZ Z
# X [ c*
{zgzZ W^ 0
+
i
zzZzZgzZ 1wJxsZV; \ W
V X
H 4Z ~ xsZ ],
Z yZ0
+{ Zg7 ]g~ kZ
g8
Vz 0*
Zz Z L E
y{

35

~sZ )x

J
g\W 5
Mi {X ~g 6,\W q
X VZ Z gzZK Z Z ] ] \ WX 1
X Y { LZ~| 208 ug MZ ypgB 15\ W
g ) X k',63ug I/ \ W
z wz \ W
( 394:g wZ
X ) Z(, q
-Z wz \ Wa^z i sIZ
$Nz{ WyC
\ WX gJZ,i ZzW E
^izgkZ

{ Zg Z +~ {g\ W t0. Z t GZ]|C

Zpg VrZgzZ 2~ h
+'
^IZ c*

\vZ -] gZ]
.@*
] Zg ZX #
Z]
. {
} Z :c*

gzZ ]g c*
i ~ [ Zp\ W zm
zmvZ -] g Z]
.@*
QX z ~^y ! t GZ
{g !*
Z ` WX
HH ~^y{._
*X U%klg Z'
yz!*
g
/w
aq]',
znA6,kZg Z'
\ W` W
X CY{C

g r

yWZygZxsZ ~g ZC
X 1
E
E
E
E
4$ >jZW,
43ZggZ/gZypggnX2
GpG
z
oGpG
E
5kI
-E
A
E
g wZg ZX 3
G
!`Zz G
!Z^Z/0ZY Z EZ1ZM0ZX 4
G
G
3ZvZ1Z0ZX 5
~Z] GE
4E$E
GpG
>jZD1ZX 6
E
E
4$ >jZ
GpG
>X7
E
E
43ZC
GpG
ZZ#ZZX 8
g Z',
\Zg ZzZ%y0 0.ZX 9
The light of Ahl-ul-Baitby Metawalli

) X 10

( al-Shal rawi

'
Y 2011

w
x Z\vZ" ) n n n] e
w
x Z T ~
]nkZC

"7,{i i 6,w
x Z y {gzZJ 7,{ i
E
E

G
3
4 ZggZ ) X ~
W,z
opG
]nyZ
4E$E
>jZ
( 4140: GpG
G
$
L y { ~^ yZzf ]| b Z
{~ i kZ y t \ WgzZ ~ ] Zg Z
ZZ )X 7gzZ ] ZZ [|| (,y
C
ZggZ GpG
Z
4E$E
4E3E
4E3E
( 109106: GpG
>jZ W,z
oGpG
gzZ z?
zy{ @*
{ i Z0
+ZkZ
$Z@z \ Wg Z V ZyVzgzZ nDz
e
XDq~{ g !*
\ Wa;[ ZgzZ
4E$E
ug Iwz+g ZZ GpG
}izg \W c*
Wd
$
Z
#
z wz \W
{6,
kZ
gZ{izg Hn\WV7X
t [g LZ wM= :c*

g\WgzZb]~
q} izg=_
X7,
gZt\WkZ!VgZ{izg~
ofnf o ]]
ofnfu o
gzZ = gzZ Y k0*} } } Z
X z hg Z}
o e ] p q
gnvje oq
} ~gzZ Zg ~ ~g F ~ Z
X lp~VW
>g6,v%_ \W C
5
Mi {7\W
` X 127e
$W]gZ
# X g
]zx Z
4Z )X m ]^ ^e `n a `e F] ]
\ yZ zgzZ y sg [g yZa
6,( D c*
x Z {z
) !*
() qZ yZ

36

~sZ )x

:%q
-Z|@*
0Z] W
c*
W

^] e

d~gvZ:7
t 7 ~ kZ=gzZ H7
z KZ
y P kZ X j gze
$W pyW

} ZgzZ )^ I Vy7
-eZQ g
6,q
-Zt X X 7{0
+
i W WkZ
gzZX Z 7,F,
Z~ {k
,
q
b
-ZJ
-V ;g Y ` c ~g Z
C nC
gzZ Z g Z0
+
q
-Z t ^xP
]g@ q
-Z~ kZgzZ } 7,]ZC
Zz
V;z y 3gzZ } nC
gzZ Z
gzZ y ? Y7 kZ ]gkZX g
( V
HV gzZ y ?:Y7 ]g kZ ? AXF
@*
`
xq
-Z{y~ c*
rCZ]gkZ ?g
~g g Y^~gB\!*
LZ~ Ve
~gzZ n
Z 7
-eZ =gzZ ^ I
y-q
-ZX V ~ 7,
z kZg0
+ZkZ {k
,b
kZ
gzZ @*
WV y ,C
{z X c*
W ~ kZ =
kZ ` WgzZX @*
g )z k11X @*
7B}
X Y v V X yY KZ ?ZX y WV
7W]gkZ ZX }6,? W{z:gz
{z Y v ~ ]g
HY Z0
+Z x q
-Z
Z9tgzZ
HW{zpVOX }uhgz ?:gz ;g W
L L kZ J (,Wa W1kZ y- V 1X ;g
gzZ Z 7,
/
6,}iy-c*
qz7,
nz XX] jm
y-{zgzZ Z 7,
/
^ I Z h N c*
Wi ZzWgzi kZ
? \vZ ]gNt X
He ZgV
kZ =
z$
+~g vX c*
k0*
} g G
00_I

Y 2011

|@*
kz} Z}
.~ ] c*
WW

lpyZ {i Z0
+Z T g ]Z|@*
&gzZ 0Z ] { c*
i
Dgz W
] c*
W @*
[pV
] q
-Z |@*
0Z ] e
$Wq
-Z6,g %V
X D7
9Z)
c*

k
,
~ ypgbcL L[ KZ ~g AXE
g g^g Z6,~gv%q
-Z
73]gkZ1Wi ZzWZz i ZzWq
-Z ~
Z~}}g bg ZD
k=
/Z kZX ~ 7,
nzkZgzZ
HVd
$

h{z
/Z V Cnz(Zq
-Z
~ V Zz X N Y T
Qhz N x | 7,
{z= V g bg ZD
k ~W ~ i ZzW q
-Z
= } wZ e ~ gVzg b Wi ZzW } C nz
XN Y
kZ c*
wZ e ~gVzg bg ZD
kZz pVO
$ rm # ] j$$m :nz{zZzi ZzW
# ] o $ jm$ gjvm &n u m $ ^q
o ] q ] ^e ] $ ] fu `
X !]

w {Zg ]a kZvZ }ge vZ gzZ :F,


vZgzZ: y kZ V } ~izg V;zZgzZ }
Zz Zg7 x CZvZG Z {z }z6,
X 3g{iZ0
+Zq
-ZqC
vZG
t z 1| 7,kZ } 7, Z
# 6,
Vzg bg ZD
k gzZ Z c*
h Zt ZkZ Vzg Z


C
/
~ c*
C
[Z kZ X ~
zM

37

4$ 132eY
5E
X3~f
$7ZG

~sZ )x

X @*
kzg Wpy
KZgzZ @*
{ ]
yZ:gz y
KZy
KZ D
HJ
-V
X F,
+
$
~yWDIZ

g Z Dy z DIZ VzvZ ( 1)
] i ] m$] ] P m$] # ] m : @*


Hc*
DXyZgzZV ZzyZZ}g vvZ XXkqF
( 11e
$WX! WkX 28\ )X
Zg
VzkZvZ XX]F ] ^f # ] oFm ^$]( 2)
( 28e
$WXkX 22\ )X
Hc*
DXDg e z~
? XX m m$] m m$] pjm a ( 3)
( 9e
$WX%ikX 23\ )X yZgzZZz+ Y',
Z',H

^^ ] ]] F] a $] F] $] #] `(4)
V
gzZ7qZk
Z ~ZvZ XX ^e
(18e
$WXyZ/wWkX3\)XsZV>gzZ
]Z f KZ izZ ZZ ] VzvZ <5
DIZ Hf DIZ6,}gzZ c*

f V
Q

X ? ~(,
t6,
sgzZ
3
X BDL XZ~zgg
$u W[Z
vZ XX `m m] o `m ]n e ] m ( 1)
+ Z @*

{ Zg Z >B TVz
X @*

e
$Z@kZgzZ

X _g Zzm
CZ fX ^nf] $ ^] ( 2)
X ] l]F] o^ ^ jm ( 3)
Zz ^
,6,T% ygzZ| (, kZ
Sgw'~g lZz,qx }izy Wa
o k u ^ o ^m ^j( 4)
gzZq
-Z'Y0*
7~oz !m]
( 33B 32:m 1`xZY Z fp )X+ ~uz
# ( 5)
-E
D
D

g Z zm \vZ -* 0E
~ & 1Z bZ6,Vx
Y 2011

CyZ % kZ ]gkZ Q X B] y}g )gB} kZgzZ VZ]ZC


Z
} O X g V lgzZ g
gzZ Vz y 3 {)z V]ZC
Z
( }g )g
6,kZ Vz X g Y {y q
-Z AXF
( {yg Z
u" 0*
{@KZ +Zz AXF
] kZ yZz yN% kZ gzZ lp
~g7 +Zz Q X 3g ~ y LZB x Z Zz
g0 ~ VxVzgzZ c*
b Vz

/
u
Vz {z X {k
,
]ZC
b
Zz Cx gzZ
P%kZ \0
+
zZ}
. ]gkZgzZ 0
z
0
+
iwqlpBzZ Vz {zX ~ zZ
X
6,kZy
/ZQ e
$W|@*
0Z]t:$
6,e
$WkZ y
/Z GX g|@*
kZ Y
VYYVj6,
0
+
i]y
WyZN YZc
yWZ ?g~d
$
X y
A w2
C aZ:%+4 0
+
imvZ G
*9g
~ ikZ} 3s
hg WZ ?}q
-Z

g7ug I{
ug IzZgKY 4,
( u]q^
///

~zg$
guzyWZDL X3Z
+Z q
-ZDX gJ
-$
+ZgzZ wi Z zgZ D
D YkZ :gzZ wZzi :T
z
wZzi gzZ w%Z Z Cg *z + y
KZ
z$
+
9}',iZX & 0
+
i KZ y
KZ)g f
kZ { i Z0
+Z Z DX @*
i q
Z yxg !*
z hgzZ
6,zm \vZ -wg}g \ }g YY c*

r Zl
{z DX Z~}g !*
Dwz4,kz

Tg VZg SgzZ E X Cgz Vg @*


T

38

~sZ )x

# }i]zI# c*
gX #
4z'!*
&/ X 6,V
x }Z LgzZ 6,#
Zx
X .# `gZ
( 35:mZ G
5X4,
)
G
3!
X bZ0
+
i
z :YH:z6,Vzq&/
3~xZeY p ^jv
Xgz^: Vzq&/
///
T e,
FYR(V \ W/
Z
X
z
zD:gVzq&/
X Dlg Z
/\ W
Xg !*
gz#Dr
# Zo v n p^]:%
X #
yvM
h7\W
/Z /
'*
!{ n*
0
X #
]kZ M
h7\W
/Z /
vZ wg e
$Zzg vZ g/0vZ]|
Z M
h7yjw\W
/Z /
~ yZ ?
/Z +Z VZ',0*
:c*

zm\vZ - X#
%
N
]!*
~EkZM
h7]!*
\W
/Z/
Za g0
+Z}g v'!*
t ~ Z', 2 X#
/8 Z',
akZ!7YZa\W
/Z/
X V {C\vZ X GF#
h7lp6,}Z
+\W
/Z /
Vc*
g F+Z 7Z 6~x Z
# **
i :wzZ lp6,yvkZ M
X #

X 7~V Ch
X#
hZM
h7hVz\W
/Z/
6,kZ \vZ Yx ~x Z
# ~ w\ **
:xz
Z
/
kZM
h}7Zg\W
/Z/
X q gzZ X#
X #
6,kZ M
h7g6,
\W
/Z /
',0*
yW6,yZ Y Za ~x T b: > 2i :x
#6,
nikZM
h7%6,
ni\W
/Z/
X: lg !*
!*
V:g Y
/ZgzZ @*
Yu XKEr#
4
&
/#
{ZgL]M
h07{Zga
z{Zg\W
/Z/
Z
# ]z zm\vZ -wggzZ \vZ :xg X X GEE
/4& z" M
h07g Z zLZ\ W
/Z /
X 6,
V\vZ Y X GE#
akZM
h}7wY\W
/Z/
,: #
._ [ \vZ q y
/Z :Q XE1#
/4& ia M
h 07g\ W
/Z /
( z 0Z )X CY~ m,
3,
pgzZg _
OZ~V X GE#
$
+
akZM
h7a\W
/Z/
xZtgtgeYp onq ^]f:% X#
X<#
]" Z M
h}7]\W
/Z /
,giwZ Z
. #
ZzmvZ -=rg

X CYWw2N Y^vw / aZ}


E
/4&
Wia

X **
q]~q=~(,

y
KZ / \vZX GEg g O
( }W )X
=
V \W1CKZ \ W"' /
( 8 * Z )pgz;',X oi^e ^ mi v:7
X DW,
O}uz
x 4
ZzVZ ! |Zlp1 /
X Y

Xg !*
gz#Dr
# Zm ^ p^]V

'

Y 2011

39

///

'*
!&
aVzuz **
xsX =g f J(,
,q&/
X **
g x **
+4#b(~>
~sZ )x

**
# V1
|

o`

C',
" Z=

7[ kZ] ,B 168$
Y V1 } Z * Z ~gg Z:i Z Z+
$z 0gzZ "
Zgx ( 1)
?Z Z e Z 2Zi%Wz6, {7 ~ yZgzZ 6,yZ}g 0*

E
I
$
k
KZ KZ K
M nZ Z G3 Z e gzZ Z zWz6,
Z Z
# ~gz, Z m<!*
x Z (,l Z$
+z 0
E
$
Z ~(,[ g Z [ ] G CWw{ w{ ]C
kZgzZ wZzi/zz D{z
f Y gzZ {\ Z
[ ?X hZ
) S w Z
Z,jgzZH Z(,
)**
~) ~
V
bzg !] &{ ~ * ~Wz ! ZX
Zz6,Ks 0 Z ;)zV*(@r; ~%!*
g
E
G
$
p Zt 0 p ] / {)z W6,[ Zz y!*
i X yxg }g tu ~
E
I
$
k
wEZ yZ ~g g ZgzZ G3 Z e a kZ 0 ! p {z yz y!*
i p g^ g Z
~ xD] Z|Vzt e: ce *
* m,
/ Cc*

q kZ ~ [ Zz ~ ]g Z$
+z
$
+z ( wdZ x } ~ T n
pg /Zz **

zd
$ Z szc~ kZ _
# ~g g Zt n~uz VzvZ { Z$
r
+z 0 gzZ Zg x L L" } Z * Z ~g g Z
C q
-Z
"Zg~wVzs
# zx @*
w Z$
+z 0gzZ Zgx L LZz Z e w q{
x LZx
"Zgg
~ bkZ g Z ZgzZ q
YZ
# **
x **
V1 +Z ~qgz ~g
/
gzZ Z% x H "
$U*
gzZ H7
Z egzZ X gz[c*
7[ c*
**
+Z ;g
ngzZmZz Z% x }uzgzZ sz^ ] x yZ%Z ~g g ZL L~ p Z 3kI$EW A+G
G
nY Hg6,
g x LZ L
L Z
# x
i zg Z ~ i Z0
+Z ZgzZ 6 q
-Z?

Zuz gzZ @*
x
_@',!*
[ Zz~zg ZX Htx ~
"Zg%
x ~ x x L L gzZ sz^
X tAzZ c*
t q kZ~
$U*
"
p x L LgzZ @*
s
# z Z
~C
xZg c*
g Z$
+z 0~ ~

g o Zq
-Z g" V6,] FbkZX @*

V- ~ V/}uz x **
[ Vpm!*
gzZ
X YYc*
0*
16,kZz~h7y
yc*

! pkZs Z ~szxB
**
6,x
"Zg %x
wGszc
3 {!
-Z} Z * Z ~g g Z**
[ L E
Y@ {g~W~[ t ~gg Z [ x q
nzDgzZ W Vg !*
~
d
$ Zz

YY H Zg 6, kZ a ! c*w [ C
X qw ~~g $X
09869781566X
kZ yZ q
-g !*
{@xgzZ Wz_yZ
///
Y 2011

40

~sZ )x

5qZ gZx Z ( 3)
kI,
'YxZ e :i Z
! gzZ ] Z f U c ~w',~g gZ x Z
Vz
6,V**
g
G
( ]z }p~ ZVzg ZD
4

4
h
GGZg* ZgzZ ~ e Z8 ~WzXg FgzZ
Z e W~!gzZ~ kZ 7gt X
~
zVzi !*
VY 7Z ~g7 k I',
Y x
q] z gZ g Z x Z VM

z gZx Z[ k
,
i c*
ZgzZ [pgzZ c*

P%ZX Kq Z Vg "D
+
z gzZ
w VrZ 4 (Z @*
kZ m~ ]
Y 2010 ~gz
B7 ~ ~ezg ZZgt X c*
` 7
]K7+
$Y>~zg{
] ,ZZ
?[ t B 192
yZ t W6 bzZig L L sA
$%~
, ZPgzZ 7k
,
]g[p ~(,6,] ,b
kZ X
H J
-[ Z6,X c*
VZ {6,
] ZQ ~(] ~Wz ~
,k
,
z ~ m,
jZZ egzZ jvZ <gWz6,
gzZ gZ x ZgzZ ] gZ x Z K
M nZ d
,k
,
Vzt yZ z
qgzZ W6,qLZ LZ Vzg !
}pP z ~y
Wz wzZ : Sh
M F,@ sZ e D 7 Zzg g
K
" sz6,%Z c*
!*
ze
$ Z [ d
$z
b ~
z%Z k
:
L 6f Vg
0 kZZ
# q]Zg Z[ !*
-Z~[ Z1Z
q
et ]kZ
HH77~[ g0
+Z Z
8 Y 6,i! Z ]g[pG[ X pA
$%
4
-G
+
Zg'I ezg Z W Zg ZzZ&X
X B ^ t a ! c*w c*
yz
Y 2011

gZx ZgzZyZZ + ( 2)
} Z * Z ~gg Z*
* :i Z
{uk ~w',~g gZx Z yZZ +yW
0*9E
F,
{@*
z{0
+
ix **
yZJ
- * Sg)**
g wNZN{z
yW
bzg~F,
kZ ]|dZX apg
e
$g ]ZzmyW
~ kZ ~>
8
-F,
z8
-g (gzZ YgzZg"Z
gzZ ~g Z 0*

g x z : Z y
]!*
~(,

~
~ ] Zi q
Z kZ e
$g kz D
]z {
6,yZZ + J
-u ] KZ
~g Y i~t izI J e Z}pz
gZx Z~ T KyZZ +Zg [ {k
,
i
6,] g"gQgzZ;@*
z ", 0
+
i
6,W Z F,
~ V !*
i ~uz yZZ +X Z e zg
X
HH7 Z~^] !*
Zz] Z
K [ Z1ZZ
+Zi J~ [ kZ6,g
55 ~ e g \Z ] Z 50 0 { ZX
~uz ] Z 235 6,qgz ] c*
WVg ] Z
] >v ] Z406,W Z F,
yZZ +~ V !*
i

yZgzZ ] Z19176,ggzZ ]Z 340


X
M i[kZ] !*
ZRz
zg ]Y!Zj 285 [ ?t 6,] ,304
x Z : Z
] 0gQvgzZyZZ +~
XV7aq
-ZC
mZpz
<
L IZ ~g g Z**
sA
$%
z~zf f {Z
zd
$ Z {+
n
pg ~ 6,[ Zz y!*
i **
Z ~
Vx yZ **
Yg
/[ x iZ%g Z
/g Z D
+
z
& Zk
,5
+gzZg.
Z ~(,[ t yZ
7 [ kZ X H
yO Z g Z _
X 7{ c*
i 9zg

41

~sZ )x

X c*
WI=t H7]oZg [p[p
9224455977
,
k
+x !Z^t 6,450gzZ C qz[Z 69
5
6g7y5 ( 4)
Z 30~ { z z$ @ s[X @*
Y
k I,
'YxZ e :i Z
c*
Zsg ] Z W,
Z gzZ **
g z sgC
T x VY Z +{E
+
z ~g g@*
y!*
~(] z wYg k ~ Vzg *zg C7,]gz ~i !*
VYgzZk(B]VYza
b ~ yZg gzZ {E
+ Z
ZJZ~ d
$ sZ ~g {E
+
z g @*kZ Z
# m{
: iwYg 54bkZK ] q+C
{ WhyZ%gzZVhZz]Z W,ZyIgzZpz
]g @*
LZ gzZ H{~ }" k I { c*
igzZ ]gzz V 6,}iulZ
7]ozg bg ZqggzZ~yZ]
.z Wg *zy ;gwqlpq
-Z y*zy6g7 CY
~ m,z* q
-Z 6
g7 y5 L L~k
,
?w H ~ OZ ](]d
$T~ g @*
G
00_ q
-Z t Vz Mg ~ ^ C g }iuV YZg 'V YZg L uZz
E3Btq
y.z xE s sZ~ tgz tgz w 0G
-Z w) ukZ J
-~ ~,a ~ ~,gzZ
] yZ~SS @*
V**
g yZ +g ]7 qzg , ZgzZ Q !z g " }i
Z X ~
/{g Zz ]gzZ z qc*
g 0
+
i ! } (,**
g 'Z f X K y*zy
{E
+yx]Zg Z@~ ] ,44~ [ ',
Y xZ e { Zg G xl XgzZ
b k ;)z zotgzu V1 ]Zk
,
x **
6
g7 y5 L L n
pg m 6g7p k I
t 6,g DZ ~
7Z [ 7 6,`Zz ] q: i Z 4Z [ t
s sZX c*
i !*
{ q O { [ g Dg \Z Z{z V g e a T
5Z Z ~g Z)f xZsg 5 V**
g gzZ c*
K
M F,
Z{ YZ ],496 gzZ
[ g Ir
# kIaT !*
!z{z CO y0*
y*ZZ

HHwEZ d
$i {h
+ tgzu ? H6,[Z1Z ] ]Zg Z@yZg
, z@*
6, C ~zgzZ Zg f6,sz6,%Z 7~ gzZ@6g7 g @*
g ]zxgzZ
" _
Z L(
L q
-Z6,
422:mX 4 [ X c*
m,
z* [Rq
-Z ] uZzz ] q {W
Vx{g" ~gZ
~}E
+
^g yZzgzZ c*

k
,
~k
,
?)l
wX H
ezg Zc&
+ g ]',Z ]g @*
6g7 * pZk& Zi Zz6,[zg szc
+Z: {g 6,w
9869328511:M
hwEZta!c* *gzZ Z e zg i Z0
tzg Wz6, Hz',
zg i)Z)**
h
+]
.
] ( 5)
gzZ ~ ],{)**
6g7 x yZ
7`gx *
* :$
A%
G
) xsZIqWZ ?g
L !Z
u]i Z0
+Z 3gg V!*
q z
sg ` Z] }
.z ]Z f x Z k I pZ V{V Z ~g Z Zzg {z D[ Z #g x
z x
/z
M%Zz i
Zz Z u 0*
zy ] h \ WX 7 gzZ c*
3 {]g[p Z(, 3q
-z Z gzZ uz
Y 2011

42

~sZ )x

<
KI 7Z } 3 y yZ a
a w ] z `zgzZ ex ;
~O Z g a kZ Y g
/{g r Zl
q
-Z
kZ yZ xq
-Z ag B 3 x **
] }
.
] Z W,
@*
z ] IZ6,] }
.yZgzZ
/ i Z
u wzWZ ?7Z

zg Z ! ~ T c*
g @*
Z 6,}i " Z kZ gzZ c*

]23 sg K k
,
~ y!*
i ~ m,Z
,k
,
0*
6,zgzZ ~g }pg e "
$
] J WgzZ ]o; xB 10 ]Z W,@*~ 34
a#
B] ,g eh ~y!*
i ~ m,Z
$%%Z
A
? ~O Z g [ t
X ts
# zxx **

///
C

t Z X oz k
mZpz x Z ;)z
D ~qD70
+Zgz |gz a Wg Z ~gZz
~gQ OZgzZ ~
z"
$zk
,
',D
+
zaz
! ZzdBz \ W! 64X n
pgy
~i q
ZxsZ
kZgzZ Z ;~ VZ',
z Z{],
Z ] }
.
L IZ h } 7,6,V~uz ]Z W,Z}
<
) ~
)
Zz zF, g Z x Z g Z gzZ
) )z
Zz W6,0#
QgzZ Hsyp pZ V Z
qg q
-Z c*

g Z y
: Z', KZ ~ V-{
f W7Z 3g %6,
Vi0#
Z w
5 g
C
/Z%sZz kg Zz]
.) H
~yZy{zD H{ WV**
g s sZ
] }
.!yZ yZ]gz c*
/_
.g
/
H7{E
+
zsg yZy
yc*
yZ Yc*

6,
x
@*
Y HVc*
V Uzg0
+
i yZ Y

gZx Z#
{xs: Zg 2
+

<
L IZxz$
Zm~zh zZ q **

hy
bg
} Z x?Z
h W

q} Z x ? Z
VYz {0
+
izd} Z x?Z
V Y XL3
} Z x? Z
#
G
,y} Zx?Z
E
L x {} Z x?Z
VZ
/ag} Z x?Z
V,
Zz} Zx?Z
D y
q } Z x?Z
y W h} Zx?Z
VxsZ
} Z x?Z
V x Z Z x(} Z x ? Z
wGZC
i { 0*u {
wgz { } Z x?Z
V*Z
+ } Z x?Z
V*ZZ]TZ} Zx?Z
x?Z I +i } Z x?Z
x? Z <
L [} Z x?Z
<g y
q } Z x?Z
**
zc} Z x ? Z
|$E
Gz Zg ht~ Z { Z
~ Z g x s Z _ 6,
G
E
G4]g Z
O h x
E
OZ ]u',{ .h
E

( c Z! EG3B Zt)*
* @a` Z :g Z /
: Zg +
2
Y 2011

43

~sZ )x

{g Z Z :i Z

Vx
/
uCgzZId

k n

V V Y ~ kZC
y*zy Zp~:c*

Iqg~^Ci Z G
!Y
~ { C
C
) ,Z ~
/Z @*
x <z+ ]Ziz',
Y 2011ag 5&| 1432>y
s Z ~ )B 2Qg
3Z G
" )i
7q
-Zt *zy \W@*
Y y*zy G
0G
!Y ( )Zg Z )) s Z _ E
E
,
k
i~ pZC
i Z G
!Y bkZ T ~ Z ]Z G
L Lw; !z Wz pZC
i Z
,
k
i s Y ~ wq
-Z *zy ]|]g Z T Z ZZ ZmIqg
I47
E
6,]c*
zg Z kZgzZpz d
$y*zy Z G
0EiZz {Z nKg . ~
"
i Z gGEWW Z e)
C
G
gzZZ 7t G X}g c*
be
KZ q
-Z~ ! ~g z q X
pZ C
iZ G
!Y +Z wZ
**
{z
/a **
g xkZ p %Z ~gz kZgzZHi WyW
]z
"p{ Z
[ kZX ]gzm{zzD[ !*
g Zy*zy {', Vz pZgzZ { Z

$Y vZ **
+Z wZ} Z * Z ) * zg G
0C Z ( Z +
gzZ Z qzgz Q K 7g ZP
Q K 7g Z P p ( pZC
iZeY yZ] }
0) kI
.z ] Iq ( G
E G
G
g
$Zn)k I~ZZg ;i Z **
I ZP~Z ,~L G
*9ZmIqgzZ H7[Yq
-Z6,
gzZ x y yzzy q
-~* ( +Z wZ \ WgzZ t Z mZ \W6,gm{gzZ H
/YZ
I
4E
7
g
G
Z[ ZgZ Z e Sy6,gm{ **
kZ X Z e zg g76,] }
.gzZ V**
g z
E

3 Z dZ yZYg
^ *zy gzZ sZ _ E
q Z * kZ ( G ) k IvZ
@q **
u* kZ gzZ g sZ Z >g o ~ T X H [ 6,BZ yZ0
+
i
]}
.gzZ BZ G
!Z
z **
Z
#
H Z Zt] w kI
X H ZzV!*
z6,
g~
CVrZ
-
+
G
Z ex !Z x)
,gzZ x Z (sZ { ) @ {Zg F,
kZgzZwq]g{gzZ ZZ BZX 1
Z~ ! Z @*
ZZ i Z*t Z6,]s
X lzzgzZzzK
-ZmIq~
yxg Zi
Zz Z q
-~*gzZ :%ggzZ] }
.NgzZ+g D
+
BZyZ0
+
i
X2
X K6,sg BZ G
!ZgzZIq
:X H7] }
.BZyZ0
+
i
sfzgq
dZ g } + yg )
,LZ *zy ~ C
iZ
/Zp?X3~gZgZ)X2~zsZ)X1
9
yZZz G
*Z:~g Zg Z)gzZ I@Wg]| Z[)X6kIZ)X5pZyZ?X4~Z
*zy t kZ p Dx Z *~ c*
X~g+Zx?X8pZVZ)X7kI
mIqg!Z f *Z ~ Tlz Z (sZ { ) k IZgq [ z
7sg g7 ug IBZ G
!ZgzZ yZZz G
*9Z * kZ Q H p# 7 p q
-Z
I
4
7
g
E
y*zy ZZ * bZ {WvZ Y
yZ [ gzZK7]Z W,@*
LZ Z GZ e
6,
u
X YH7sg kg Zzfv ~ w sX Z e zg 6,tpz y*zy
"Z G
0E
0)kI Z
( pZC
i Z G
!Y G
EZ G
G
s[yZgz D p=gzy*zy%q
-Z
G
Y 2011

44

~sZ )x

BgzZ 2b) ~
CvgzZil6, i i
~g yJZ ?, J 7,~ ,g !*
gzZ, B
m\vZ -xZg~y
WkZX c*
2t?,
i xs [ Z W >[Z WW ~ z
dg **
sZ] +{)z[Z W
W 3
X c*
2r
#
mZrg 3gzZi ~V 0*
yZ
E
H
"
4
5
HiG^
,
**
w ~ T ;g @*
Y Hx Z x Z
/
z6,
vgzZ hz **
7
wz LZ x
yZyC
\ WLZgzZ H{C
b x
/~(, C~ {)z
+g>g)i X [ x~
wEZ Zg f h
+]
.~ xsZ V h
+zY sZ ]
]c*
Z@ : Zg f h
+]
.\ WLZ gzZ c*
C i
O[ +g . sZ ] X ,
~ V Z0 Z}
.sp{zt ZgzZ
gz
[ sZ ] +bZ X ~i f V
W,
OgkZ Hy 6,+Zz t ~gy{
X | T gzZ ~g YW V\WyZ
~g Z
yZgzZ Z Z t +Zz LZ Vx
X Hfx
~kZ 4wyZgzZ 0
+
i ~z*
@
sZ] x Z
/
z6,
[
+*ayZ
H7~y!*
izg ZgzZ ~ m,
Z ( : ) yZ/gzZ ( ZM )
+C
gzZK ] Z yZ VJ
-k
,
kZgzZ

M F,
z ~ V 0*
Xg ] !*
Z 7Z
X ZyJZ!*
kZ
Vi7]Z W,
@*
yZV 3Zz
H(Z L
L Hg Z bkZ ]gzZ] !*
.LZ
_
W~pgzZg ~ 0
+
i ~g HkZ 7J
- `W
x gzZce **
ZZwC
6,e} (,H, ZX
kZgzZ sZ ] q
- ce **
{Z
+ kZ
F,kZ X {)z g yZ gzZ g I
m
~&
+
gzZ: {z ~s ZZz ~~ ! x H
Y 2011

H*

c DLZ~ d
` ~g"
@x@Z e
_ ~
~w',~g g L L
~
/e ~ e Z 8 ;gE- { h Z^Z% !*
W8
-gzZ 6,q
~ `
d ~g@"
x@Z e
z [szc6,eg Z-Z
xZ eY {g Z Z ~
/
% sZ ] ~i Z Z
DL Z ~ y W {g
H|$
+iz',Y 2011 #18 ~9~
{ gzZ sZ sg {g Z Z WZg Zz {E
+Z ZB eY ~ >

Hc*
DL Z sZ e +
$Y sZ ] )**
~g@"
x C',
i? gzZ u0*
x]z
dtg !
{ Z {C',
"
Z=?c*

7sg
]Z gzZ x Z { E
+ Z ] Q Z e zg i)Z 6,] }
.! Zz
E
3r

g ;gzZ !
3gzZ 7 GV; x Z} C
g Z **
]|6,eYBSX ~ w
z
-
+
G
+Z nc*
g ~g "
@1**
~ { E
+ Zk I vZ
-]Z|vz d*Z**
q
C',vZD**
Z
VZ
Z,jgzZ V [p[p~g@"
xZ egzZgx)
,
( {g Z Z )X k
,
+x !Z>6,xsz> &gzZ X Zi Z
5
H
m,
FmaCwjZ
s6,
ZB25@*
s6,
ZB21 +
$Y sZ ] q
-
,g !*
gzZ , Zz "7,~ wjZ Hm
F,

~T
HH~ ~&
+
7'wjZZ Zwa
CZ
+Zi90 {)z: ~&
+
s ZZgzZ
yZX H [ \W LZ xE ~z*z gzZ

Xn 7
M F,
yZ @*

HH~V7z
/
J WC
eYi gzZ Z i zi Wx Z
/
z6,m
F,
kZ
yW
W~ H=g f Z
+4 7' Zw
pgq\WLZ kZgzZi "7,*
i t ZZgzZ
e ;g @*
Y Hx Z ligza
g z sZ ] +W B11 B10 rg **
)f gzZ/x Zm
CZZD
+X ~i f ~V Z6,]**
ZVc*
g Z
]Z@i Z
i _ Z ~gQ[ sZ ]

45

~sZ )x

~q I kZX H[ -6,yZ
[ YgzZ6,
Z}gzZ Z*]~Z gg Z
Q Zp6,455 #B 12w
D kZ H
C~y
ZmIr
# vZ~g
X Zk
,
+[pTH7g Z
5
V1 0*
~ ?ZmIg{
F,
~ m,
Z g
$Zg Z Z L L~TW~Z`
Zg
] hL LgzZ V; kl Z Y M)L_ Z`
Z
~g+Zx ?) Z`
Z F,
~ m,
Z x
$Y O Z IL L6,@kZX c*
+
W~ V;
yZ ZZg Z k IZ@
?]|yZ
D s Z Z ] }
.Az +g D
+B
/#FzggZD
X
HH7 G
0*
eg Z- ZL_L L
HZi Z Zz g * x Zp z xsZ y {

',
Z',
~g Zg Z',
Z?)]|IT
$**
~T
~g ZY M)L_~ZXgq
-
b &Z}wz V LZx Zf
gzV$
+6,gSVrZgzZVZgs
X
N @*
gy'
6,
]|dZgzZg

L IZ tZ xZg Z X k E
<
5{. Z Z yZg :^g7g
X 8 -m zZxZg Z
///

x Z/
z,
6+
[*zq ZyZx{izgz~ZP
: VZ sZ] q
-~?QZP
y!*
i Py q ZX ZY 2011#1514 g Cq Z
q Z r
# g G
5h![ **
z)]|X m{~
p Z ) ]|[ S H i Wg Z0
+

9
W
( eu } Z 8 ) E.ZWz6,{zkZZ Kg I
~g{[ sZ ] +~ yxgX q
-
gzZ { W b)+q r
# ~gZg[gzZ
&ZpJ
-q Z izg}uzgp# VX
5! m{ a
]**
gzZN ] EE
+Zg$
+?) ]| ~gzWp= x Z} f {
Y 2011

Z
**
sZ] Z]|X ;gg Z Z Z (,
9zg gzZ r
# yZg ~g r !*
r
# ~g
HkZp]Z &
+sZ ]ZgzZf .

)f 0 0
+
i Zz W yZ VgzZ p=~
GgzZ g evZ6,gm{gzZ H{ W ]ZgzZ Vc*
g Z
V Vx gzZ c*
x CZzm\vZ -wg
~ ]g qg Z0
+
wjZ x OZ x z x X Zi Z
a 6!*
qzgz KHm
F,{izg 0*
tX
( {g Z Z )X ;gT6,gzZg Z0
+
Z (,
///

IkzxsZyg *

~ )B3~ !z Wz m zZ Z
M F,
/
%
I {M ?r
# Y 2011 #7 ._| 1432{y
s Z
g * gzZ k: Zm ~ZZ +Z w?

Hc*
oBx Zz uH,Zx Zp zxsZ
Q
HHx Z 7 zg e)i gzZ ZpyW
i
H { * xW Vzq]o[fi

x
JY x Z
p +gHfVz%~ T
?)~g ZY M)L_~XX

kI?z ~Z Z Y ?~g +Z x
dZ p **
vZ ~g **
Z w **

~g vZ **
` Zu **
~g >Z **

X f.
{)z~gV{Zw)**
+Z q**

# y~g zq]|Y ZZ f *Z i W H
r
g ZuZ [ ~gZ )f #
kZ gzZ Z ]z
**
gzZ ` Zu **
]|~ T e ~g Z
` Zy
C!*
.gZmI g7 {l
_
Z w
Dg Z ] LZ gzZ H7 ]o
I {z ce **
g0
+Z gzZ q
-Z {qs zZ
Sg] z s zZyZ D Y 0*
?Zzg$
+~ 0
+
i
X YH c*
- *
J
G
3!
/

% ~g7 ` b /Z ?~z Z Z
] q MZ Z ~ <t :L L Z
M F,

46

~sZ )x

]|r
# ~g$
+h
#( ~&
+
O Z g ) g- [ X
HHW ?gzZ wz ~g **
# t Z
X H{ WznZZx Z
/z6,
D ( PteY zg Zg=Zg)r
,
W,
Z6,KZ ]Z|yZX

r
# ~g wD Z **
gzZ ~g t ~ yxg V VTgzZVzk
&
J& G
B
x ?{h
+]
.L ) L Z X HgV w=wg \WX Z [ g6, sZ ] Zg(Hg Z
wZzi V ~gz yW

V!
)
ZgzZ K
M F,
z + zD
+tg z ~g +Z zz ~(,
[ +ugzZ wd e
$.?ZQ c*
C
kZ Vg )
,yZ b c*
Ct D{ W = **
z tg z r
# ?X c*
J
-0* zzVZ XZ~{ q Z b d~gZ
i wC
q Zt
]:S
~ ZZ tg z Dt ~ x !Z6, zf q ZQX Z [ x { c*
q ZX Zk
,
+
5
-Z fg;ZY
q
z~ z Dy Z ZgzZBSLCsZ Z ! yz
G
!

4
)
$s WMsZ] +a EG HSC
zX x uZz
tg z x
)) e
K
M F,
x Z
/z6,q
-Z x[
z tg zh
+]
. 6,],g ZD
z ~ ~ T c*
Zms ZqQX 6,],g ZD
RZ gzZ P ZWz6,gzZ yg Z[ 8 * Z
C { c*
i ]u H [ ~ Z
+Zx ? V; Vx]|)**
k3a t gzZ
( dg{:^g7g )X ;g[ xu" x Z
/
z6,
V; sZ x Lzi
+ZxZd ]|gzZ
HH7
I
8
ZZ tg ~zE
LjE
x Z,
kiO Z g
gzZ ]P xZd]|~y
WX
HH7)**
k3
s sZ "
# LZ \vZ yQ Z Z , g Z x Z ]| dZ L L
Ktg zgzZ
=gzZK]x ]|dZ~ ^tg zX Z Z x
G!OQ kZ: Z

X
wJ] }
.~g gzZ
= gzZ ; *a {z Zhga
g Z (,
-Z **
q
t *x ]|dZX g @*

ZMq
-Z f6,kZX Zx !Z ,
6gzZxsz> [ )**
Z ]kZ @*
x gzZ
sZ+Z:tx **
P ~X
/{6,nZ x kZ ceI Z
8
LjE
L L{ O Z g X ce Y g
**
( g7ug I) + Zx ?(BZtg eY) Z ~ t g z E

+
-xZg Z ) G/Z**
]x**
BZ G
!Z
G
0.G
( g7ug I) ~ Lg Z p Z yZ ~ Lg Z**
E
dN

N
) )
-O ) Z h?**
( tg ) g Zq (
Z )9E ~X Hi W7]o Zy
~
[ W ~g
~gZ 2**
( txZg Z ~ w; c,JZ wjZ ; tZz ~g Zi !*
~g **
hvZ z **
+Z l~g x Z ]|dZ T KZ t {
-
+
G
Lzi
+Z ( xZeY) 1**
zkI=**
pF^j] o mf] ^m^_]ZZ z 0gZ
E
d
N
O
.
)
ZzK
M F,
XXm]
) Z x9x **
ysg Z **
sZ x zZzx Z] }
E
G
E

G4O]N L X3Z} fg;Z Y


]| <X Z > !Z f 5
O Z g {z yZ X )z C',g Z Z **
( txZg Z q **
$Z T
$**
~z s Z
g- ~XyZg ZfVp
Z WZ g7 ug IBZ xg Z g
# yZ?) ]|xZdgzZ|
/
Z( gZLzi
+Z ( **
) Z( gi Z ( ~&
+
) . pZ r
G
( ~O Z g :^g7g ) ( **
) Hs Z Z ] }
.|
/WZg7 ug IBZ !Z g
$Z
JW Zi W x Z
/z6, pz u0*
yW
zX **
Y
'
Y 2011

47

~sZ )x

]Z W,
@*
z]Mg

1^ l

{gZ Z:iZ
6,oZ\z ugnvZ X BZe
Cx ~k
,
$
( }W )X
=

Zmi Z$
dzZpwg

Z Zu Z0
+Z Z
# @
+
M
KZ g @*
c*
WV V S(,k\ @yg
|0
+!*
^|
# gVg ~g ]Z
# VZ

{ i @*
g a * V zu" kZ ]g C g
X Cx OZ
tZDgWW[ 0y
K3y*zy
gY-6,
zY7qC
{zZ}
._U]z%z
{ Z c*
W3g :X;gY Hg\ C
{z +
M
KZ
T i*" [g kZ c*

xgzZ ZZ 3gZ z ngZ


XaVz]zZ~iZ{y

]| YZ g ]t>~y y*
v!*
!*
v!*
sgV*zyVZp 0<EZpVxz$
XWp=m
Z ~+Zwg
,
Cyz d
$ wZ +
M
KZ \ W
kg ~i !*
u 0*
VN S'gzVN
o
V Zk
,
z c*
,x Y Wz ygzZ z mZV c*

q
-Z {z$
+~V [ Z
z!uV- !*
Wc*

!*
W
` W 1 {h
+z
/Vzhz ~ V
H{zXv!*
!*
v!*
sg kZ gJ
-#
gzZ
yZZr
# Vq
-Z {z kZ'7HgzZ
:gzZn 7 q
-Z1 ~ ZV c*

( kZ ~ ~k
,
kZ ! k\Zk\Z n 0p
,
k
q
-Z sgzZ sVzk
,
V Z Z w)z
@*
VZv ` Z V
KZ x k
,
B yQ
kg c*
Z}

.% kZ x d 1
Y 2011

^n oi^e
~g g]|

" Z Ip{Cg ,
( 8 -)H
0G
'{ {d{ =$
T*
*
0
+
i i CZ Vgx~gz ~ kZ `W
7_ d
$sZ ~g c*
w$
+ g
{Zg" YX ;g Y @*
{ V ~I pgzZ p
rg
**
v+],
X g{%X gx~zg

z W~gZ *(kZ X gY Dgz W


-Z**
q
qDkCs
# Zgv~
aV LZ ,Z v X gY Cg
" kZ v Z:gz DxOZ ]x
gy
KZ ~ ~gZ ]x B **
gZ
gY Cgz ~!~(, ]x 5X D
L IZ {z H{ZgZt C',M7 ]q yZX
<
a%e5KZ {z kZ Z
Z
) )z
] sZgzZ]xaVLZgzZVh#
Za wj Zg7 q
-Z a kZX ,~ Vzy LZ x OZ
akZX6,g|
# Z6,
zlgz6,5~T,
w KZ 6,RKZ +Zz cD
+q
-Z
LZ~T,~k
,
$q
-Z~yLZ ._
b){"
$U*
g
$uzyW
Zj]c*
zZ
+
XN Z c*
VLZgzZ, c*
pb {z {f
6 $~y*zy`WXng V$
+
._<
L z yW
Dt
gzZ g
!Zj V(u~ ]o ]c*
zZ
+LZgzZ
yZ C g
$qZXG@*
syZZ
#
@*
lgZ /
tC',
MZX @*
YH{ZeV70
sZ~yLZgzZ,h
+y

gz{C
[I q
-Z iZ

48

~sZ )x

T
Cza
X } z}Y%zx yZgzZ Zz
X y zp Z ywqZ zLg
4G
& Z
G
0E
+ \>Z g g Z x Z xsZ
wz aIZ 7 V*!*
@~
$:z
]}
._" ]|dZgzZ Zz ! l kZ
GG3E
4] ` W
\\X ;g +t gzZ g ~ m
mvZ -Z{ O}Wgg Z1zg zr !*
kZ
-
+
G
,
k
T
$**
r
# @1**
]| Z
/X zhWz
[ z @q
-Z
z ]5 sZ ] )x
6,],B16 X x x **
sZ Z
+L L 7
X *kIZ =**
6,] ,B 12
z
xZ eY X 2], [
tg z]|dZX HA
$% ~(, Z
+
D
% }X
HH [ NZ Z
+sZ ]Z?WB30
+
D
%
G + ]c*
gzX x Zw
7) V-g W y V

&
d{~L Z vZ[ x?Z:m
CZ]X ! w
1zZ] Z7
%{L{k
Hx?:x Zm
CZ
g Z
+[!*
\>Z g Z & Z 0J5k!

X Z
# Zz 7,pzg6,kZx **
zmvZ -kZ
EE
{
gzZ xZg ~ V G3 Zg !*
7,i V--
y Z
+P +) o {z ~ V
Z a Z}
.{z CY Z aZ}
.y!*
8
[ Z W~q6,klg Z'
zm\vZ -kZg
{0
+
iB z y$
+LZ Zz 1zZm
CZ q
- 4,
<
L IZ
HA
$%[ 4z]
.z 6,+z{)z {)z X
IZ kZgzX

bzg r !*
r !*
w _X
X \>Z Y
yZ yZZz Z
+ [ xZ <
L
gzZg[ tk0*
C
X p.
_[
}kCZ: Z
] }_6,g[p kZ {z
[xZgzZ gpp Yz!*

gzZ
t 6,
)
Zz
) S 3@kZ X Y 0 =g f
z tzf ~ yZ bZ
/Z ug I q] X
XN YZz YZ pizgq
-Z g {0
+
it
Y 2011

9J(,}g TaX VZv Zzg~


# qz
00%uu { VkZ *: VYaZgzZ
VjQ Z ;YQ VsC
y X
~ !*
W 3 f gzZ `~g U o
y
y!*
yWg Z@*
g V V
~ VziZ zZp]|X ;g| (,s {
-eZ g Y s { BV Zz yLZ k
7
kZ Z d
$
g* {g CY W s
C**
-Z yZ
q
wq {i"
$w!*
Z{nZ c*
% kZ Z9z
Zog \ 6,i w c*
Ww zZp]|N
? wq H 1wZa| (,
W
6,wq }=c*
[Z a ~i Z0
+Z C!*
.
_
~g ~VWgzZ _ 0 gl Z z hg
~* kZ Z } Y7~ ~0
+Za}]
Zg f YQ Z!*
ze ~ O g @*
z Zg7 7c*

X
Z Z
Cq
-Z 0
+
i 7q
a | (,
W~[ZCZ 0<EZp]|
LZgzZ c*
za
C**
zd
$kZg @*
Q} LZ1
zZp]|wg : It { {Zg
X [ZgzZi Zd
$B
C
D
yWZ_
mZ (,
Z] Z f ~g v
i Zd
$} (,
?Z (,
$~
d
@ ;g !*
t#
Zg}g v
i Zd
$gzZWd
$
]Z| azg Zi !*
cor pa]v
///

W,*
@qZ,
6 sZ+
ZL L[

wdZzwqZ $:z sZZ


+
wqZgzZ Zz a
wVZ
+ ~gzz Z { c*
i
kZ ~gzC
~
) )z <
L IZ X Vz wY wV
zDkZ Z

Z
+ gg Z
',]gzzZ
E
GG34]z+ {Z 9 +'
kZgz{z Zz

49

~sZ )x

~ ) ~ kZ g ~g Y ] xsZ ~
lp!*
Zp
/
kZ] }
.V **
h
+'
46,
ukg Z {zkZ ;gwzg
z z
X }WXgk
,
@*
t ]| F,
Vz
"
$U*
gVZ
/a {Wk
,
b ` W
g7ugIBZeYf *Z (p^ pF] v
yZug I.
{zZx tZk
,
ix Z E
+ ZX
m<
L IZ x ZgzZ Og ~g Yug It {W{z
zZ yZZ zx
}g X ,[y q
-Z d]
g Z
kZ T .z ~q
-Z y
KZ zx
L IZ kg Z
kZVZ',gzZfm
yZz6,Vp qzggzZ Z Vzg Z Z LZiug It]Z|g Z)f<
E
G
gz[ xZ G34]V kZce **
~g Y ~
" gzZ r Z"
z$
+Z Z ~i 0*
z X Sggz ]c*
-Z (,
1z
A &~V;z V ~g7
X @*
xm{q
-ZkZ~}gzZLg dq
` W c*

r
# d~q
-ZpRZ >
Vz g {k
HLZ {zgzZ @*
7 ]!*
h\vZ
gz {ztudk0*
}
X (~gZ LZyZgzZ @*
N*
7{V; ]|dZbg~d
) )C
kg c*

gzZ ;_
y ]!*
h\vZ (F,) : @*

\vZ ~ yW
~
-Z {z Y c*
i!g q
-Z ]|dZ
X: VY wVqH{z e @*

7 50q
0
+Z$
+c*
+Z$
0
+{
C
g ',
Z',_
y wV ]+Z [g vZ ~ yW
C G ~C
vZg " y]|~Z:vZyZgx Z 0E
!X kZ \\X ;gm VZT Yzg
& z x aLZz Zg f ~g G G
*9Zm]|dZwg
yZ D
yZ X f LE
yZZ gX
3: p Z eL ug I!*
i n] n ^re nP X}wZ e ~V}g
fv P n ] o
XX ^m] ^nv]:c*

\ W6,
q
-ZX c*
g Z
z

) )dZ {Z',

up v oDojE
yZZ L L:c*

~}g !*
6,gzZ q
-Z X yZZ !*
W*
,
@qZxsZ
y
KZg Z q
-ZX
~ yZ { c*
i,
q
-Z pZ V Z)]|xsZ
\vZg Z @*
Ww[ g Z VgzZ "
E
G
G34]z+6,R@\WX ,WB
X @*
I**
Z xsZ lZ
.
**
{z ~ x Z ] }
.Vc*

~gz s X g-i q
-Z
X n
pg |
# q
-Z KZ ~ xsZ w +gzZ
y
KZg Z q
-ZX { c*
i
\vZg Z, 7
Dq Z ~(,]0ZgzZ ]h \ W
Vz :gzZ @*
7Zg Zb .? ggzZ ZvZ
F6,Zz Z ~(,]h \W?
F
Vzk
,
x
x {zC
y
KZ " q
-Z @', kZ X @*
wZ
~i Z6,
KZzk
,
!*
Z ir
# Vzk
,
\WgzZ D
Lg j ~ +
M
KZ @*
7
0Z!z\W ` Wi
ZgzZM%Z\g- ZX Q{ Zg5
}g !*
y
KZ " kZX @*
Y xu +
M
KZgzZ
gq] yZ *gzZ g Vzk
,

W~ Y g: Z
# L L:c*

zmvZ - ~
gg h w2 g " "
$ ZggzZ
X

sg xsZ6,e@X sW CZ\WgzZ
x >zuu
Z gzZ]xq
-ZxsZ
Z (,G {z c*
g !*
gzZ gzZ H7 \ W
y
KZX @*
h !*
]aX Vk
Hy
KZgzZ
\g- 6',usZgzX)**
g g.
gzZ ~g c*
Y 2011

50

~sZ )x

qZ ~ y ~ o @ yZ gzZ C x ?
Zu]g qX C
/YZV+j6WLZ]gq]gzp
X @*
W` 5kZg(Z" w HgzZ ]gzp
+ZzV xzg|z Z(,t 6,4Z~wjZ
~Wxzg|zX DgOZ VLZ
6,
ugzZ
K @d
$i k]sZ &Zpz%Zz xV
VHk~8IgzZ0*
D]Z|%X
~WX g} x ZgQ LZ H~(,~ [s
{zgzZ!{ ykwjZ V;z ~gZ@Zg
c qzggzZ klq
-Z 6,wj }g7 X ~ [s
x V;z gzZ ]ZW,
Z x**
',

!*
kZ h
+
Y
X {C
b z gzZ k] &Zpz%Zz
zg~ ]zZUgwjZ
z
7Z *Z gzZ 7 iZzW ~ 7,y D {C
b
kZ~wjZ Zw1D YDy~%e
$Y ' { e
+
$. .x X c*
Wwj
gxaB;yZ5B; {E
+Zx gzZVZzVZzg
XNgzZ 3 Z Z(,
Zg: AZz]o*Z LZt
}: X Vg )
,*
c J 7,~ V1 sJ
- ` W
V!*
x yZX ,iZzW`Z:gzZ zg
X c*
g66,
WgzZY6,
wjZZw=
]5z^Z KZ ~W6,~] z~g Z@Zg
~ ~W LZ Ug / ~g Z<g 6,z!*

~gzZ ~ VrZ Zj ~ZN*


zg Z H
I
G
0kb ~g Z <g 6,X Z
Z ]
z
wjZ Zw~ Y 2005 c*
C yZgzW-~ ~ m,
Z
]g qZ6, ]g q5wjZ
zkZX g
C
ZwX gq v~Z6,
z kZ V
z kZX Hi W ^(LZ ]g qkZ wjZ Z

B1000iz Zt
z kZv:ZgzZ 60 Z
{ E
+ ZB45a~g MH,
g ZD
q
-Z yZ
d
-I
Z:gz { c*
i Z~wjZ >XE
Y 2011

~ kZ **
zsV>gzZ )zg gZgzZ "
Xzg]Z
GgzZVZ',
y
K
ZiXCZZgZZ
G
$
szH!*
%ZVz]zG zgzZ b)
E
zz kZce 7kCx~ V 5.Z4z
g^ gzZ uP" 'ggZX @*
Y {gxzy
KZ
X .z Z yZt X7 b) zmvZ }}g`Wp CYsVy
KZ
D W} e Z JgzZ " sC
tZ
Zj
M X ;g Z ZgZg7~ kZ c*
z.
$6,gzZ7
-ZZ
Vzg Zi !*
w ~gZ-ge y7ZgzZ c*
**
[q
-Z
~ w vgzZ ,
MZ 7g X
Hc*

Mi
~
/

Hz Ze ~!~(,yZ ~gX
x"gzZ J #
c*

\WX g
/
gZz[
LZ
/ZXY8[Z**
ixuY
D{V\W~g ]uZz i6,,Z N Zhz~
X`f"p
~ **
<
L IZxZg Z n ]:i Z

` ZZ@~)gzZwjZZ Zw

~I: g T~&
+
+F,
$
d
~ , Zkz
X !*
pg 0*}!*
V @*

Z ~ Z LZ t Zg ' ~0
+~g Z
VZ
/
u~ ly!*
yz
rg z
{ { C oKZ 7Zt D W~ Z ~&
+
Z
#
6,[ Zz y W~&
+
{g Z [ Zz DX
8~
! Zg " [ Z ~&
+
}iukZ
rg wt W
1 {^
,Y wj ( VX c*
Z kzg ]
x y.jZz}g Z Z (lyZ\ W Y
X g
z!a3 Zg Wg- i
V 7' Zz6,)
a{{g!*
~&
+

*zZ c*
I WX ;gg
/ ~g h
+h
+]
.
z kZ 7'
V\Wojs
#
s ) Zz sZZ D^
~(,Vc*
h N Kg Kg~:gz d
$

51

~sZ )x

B15 gzZ ~g 26X Cx Z ]x yZ wjZ


VH: X @*
Y c*
oV }g ~Z
CY d
$ ] Z gzZ @*
ZZ
~k
,
z ~k
,
f
ez~ }g
~gzvgzZBX D nZX D Y Z
h
+zY {0
+
i Vzg Z6,nZ}g ]
u 0*
1@*
7 VEgzZ Z e V }g X
lzy

zl } (,
}g gzZD Z]P
gzZ
$: /6,X f
d
ez~ kZB
zz wjZ ZwX N 3 k
,
z{z
a X g Z~ wjZ kZZ V LZ + Zz
X gZ ~ wjZ Z ) D
gzZX @*
7,k
HYW 0*
VyZzz{ c*
i,
gzZ Z ]z X CY Vh
e 7Z ' wjZ a b
tZggzZ)**
BX C V : Zizg
XCthoughlq
-Z~m,
Zq
-ZkZ@*

c*
Z^iz wjZ}g7 p r
# <g W
6,Vzg Z- ._[yZ~xzg kY
N*
gq
-Z~ vYX g ]gzp
c*
g w._ p KZ a V yeg
]ggzZg j^zZ F,
V\W ~
E
Z X \ W wV KZ F
@G!*t g
+ 4 0
1;g7 U:Zz wj klgzZ ]gzp
{/6,nX ;g} ; :Zzy
z
l c*
Ww ~ w gzZ J0
+!*
^|
# g Z
Zw]Z| KgzZyZg Z)fwjZg**
}uz~&
+

xyZ {z,lgzZ ,^iz wjZ Z


jgzZ ~ wj V }g ^6,
b &~] ]z}g Z
# 7gzy {z,~)z
~yZggzZ ]|06z 0{ ! -Z +Z
7W[ s}g ~ V)gzZX g Z/_
.
W
( ~ZN*
zg Z)**
izg,)X Yp
'
Y 2011

gzZ C k
Hg e c*
Hz Z c*
k
Wt ~
s 6,eg kg ( a ] Z W,
Z TX D~ Z
wjZZ Zw c*
Ch
+'
~g Z<g 6,X D W
} TX ;g ^x Z k
,
i ~sZ ]
vX r
# ~gZ
**
]|ZsZ]
[ g 9zg [ Zzgzgi y[ ~ yZMw
~ e Z pZ zg
/Ztzg [ gzZ }g lzu
/6, mwjZX y{s W\z
/
Z uZz ~&
+
t VrZ XK s Z h
+'

g- iLZ D ~zc x Z wjZ
V~T wjZ AzZ I: tgzZ ;g3 Zg W
3!*
it _Z%gzZ ~y Z X g Y 23!*
i 0*
zg Z~ wjZ}g {zkZ z [gi

wjZ X g Y J 7,y!*
i ! gzZ
aYgzZ X c*
3 VrZ {
gzZ ~ y!*
i ! ]z N {%izgz ~ [
~ [ a v~Z6,X Z ~ ZF,
z gzZ i gzZ X F,~ m,
Z ]c*
W W

) ) ~uz {z kZX `gB B ]

wz xg X zg X ;g Y c*
J 7,u 0*
yW
V

) ) ,v0*
gzZ @*
Y u 0*
x a ~
a^izwjZ kizy kZX ;g Yc*
Z{**

kZ 7Z I /<g ) {z X W
v\W HnZ Z 5', VrZgzZ ]6,]!*
]]yZ Z
# 1X g{~ sg eZ V Y
~ _Z%y!*
i yZ yZ k~ sg eZ
~ ~],
Z e wjZgzZ pB ]7Z W
wjZ \W c*
~ _Z%g Zgg Z0
+
VrZ
kZgzZ c*
3 /6, X u @*
w
W,O u|yZ W c*
Z]
.Z}g
z
: wjZ X D Z w
z yZZ)
~k
,
^
,
: gQ ~gzvVx
/
u
~g bVjZv c*
C ~}g !*
gzZ

52

~sZ )x

]
{gZ Z:iZ
$^j]
! !} ZuZ s~

l^q^
} W w uZ C
V

! ! } Z V

} 3 Zg "
$
Vc*
gz S

! ! } Z g$
+g VZ DQ

[g c*0
+
i
~% gi gi

! ! } Z W,
Z"
c*

} Z ZC
Z LZ x

! ! } Z gz g Z-

X} } t


** ] q !*
', g "

} sW V yZ Z

! ! } Z z ` [ Z

V Y g 0* g Ve ~

! [g [8x
u c*

} Z}
.** `

! ! } Z ZH

u " ? Vk
HLZ V Lg V

g6 W gz g u

} ~% x LZ s

! ! } Z
/e { Zg

y !* 0
+
i ~% , g
/ Vj

}g \ } Z p~ V

} V f ~%

! ! } Z
/Z Y gZh
+

g Zh
+ G
" } F,
} t Zg7 w kZ
3h Z<f ! Zi
+Z o^u n

V V Y ~ V Y V Z Y 7
E
! E
L.c } Z hg g \W [ Z
&M Vz5
HF

c*

! ! } Z uZ s ~

G
4O]Nc*
W
LE
>
) !* kZ @ ~ !*

',

t ]!* W V
_ Zj VY ~k
,
~ F,
of e^9]J

~ Z ! ',
"
~S

! ! } ZHz x
t n

iZuy{of e^9]J
Y 2011

53

~sZ )x

D W ~ g !*
g K ,
D W Vz%a }g

Y x B \ W g

D W h
+ !* v {`
D W w L I

q
-Z xz a \ W
/Z

Y x ** 6, H }i
Y x q \ W ? g

kZ g \ W gzZ g
D W t CW x
YL
yZ Vzg L ~ Z
#

V d g !*q
-Z '
Y x r t kZ Q

D W i ZzW t W ~ y

k h ]

V
KZ X gu
I
D W 0 L i! a ?

Y x Zz q ~

V ~ ~ #
Q \ W g

:gz 7 D
D W x / b D W Z
# {z

+ Y Vzg e c Z"
$
c*
g q
-Z
D W h
+ L Z
# ~ l

} :1 }

?
1w
"p g {k
H
Y x **~ V Zz e
'''
Vz V z zu s
#
V e V e

Z"
*
!gx
yzZC
~C
}Kt
ZF,zg\ zZp gZZ 6, H
ZF,zg \ zZp gZi ! [p
] gzZ h
+g y
ZF,zg \ zZp g u ',
WZz Z 8

ZF,zg \ zZp g!*


g lp
c*
n Wu 7 y
/s
ZF,zg \ zZp gZ1 a kZ
iZ wZ }Z ~iZ V'
ZF,zg \ zZp g!* [p
E$
V p g L G
%
" Z Z "
E
ZF, zg \ zZp gF L

VuZ g ~ g Z b
VZp VZp
: \ WZ}
L
. s t
V!*
$ ? V!*
$ ?
\ W x J
- l l

V] * W \ W
[g
V g "
wp ? u
"p@#
w
s
9798562194:b!*

~kI C,
'"
Z=
Y 2011

x OZ

54

~sZ )x


:
dg{

( 7) Z
V l ]

g] m ^n n^e nj] aL L( 2) ? w! 7wJZ


# :{p
g
/Z L L( 1)
/

{z e + ZxsZgzZ ( 4) ?}g Z
C
/wB5
Mi]|h
+i]| ( 3) ? p
t gzZ H^ kZ Z * ? ]gcW} ( 5) ?F, e
$Wt Y H7wJ
( 8) ? ~z%gzZ ~[Lg
$u( 7) ? wvg )
,
x Zg Wn}ix 6,
zZ}i ( 6) ?
?Z
x **
ci
+Z! yZ-]|dZ
Vl^e]q xnv 1 D5E f e^ o^]

gr^e gu^]z7,
n~X gr]^r] z7,
n~uzX oFe] p ^r] z7,
n( 1)
X vZ g1Z
M Y Z ]| ( 4 ) X ~g ZZO %( 3) X g D
+w 33gzZ
Vw:e( 2)
G
G Z [!*
p~g g( 7) X| 45( 6)X ~z%g
$ q ZB56\vZ g1Z
M Y Z ]| ( 5)
X 9!*
**
b ~#zx( 8)X q , Z
Zg 'CzZ%Zg7^Z"ZZ :
^] `
Vl^^]
Lg zZZ$
eM
: : ^] ]
-h
S*
*g PZg G ZM
+ : ^] ]ni

Zi W )tk
,
( 3) ( ZM]%Z )vZ +y{ ( 2) ZM]%Z ) ~gY ( 1) :x *
*V Zz ]*
!Z 9B8
]%Z ) ~g Z ( 7) ( ZM]%Z ) g Z ( 6) ( V `
d ) ~gZ Y ( 5) ( C Z%Z ) Z ( 4) ( ~
y{ ( 11) ( : ZM Zi W ) >
( 10) ( ZM]%Z ) ~g Y Z ( 9) ( ZM ) ZC
( 8) ( ZM
7{ 7,
( ):
( 12) ( V E
a)
-Gh
eY) ~g
( 3) ( g PZg ) Z
M +( 2) ( 8 * Z ) C',gk
,
( 1) :x *
*V Zz ]*
!Z 9B7
-dz ( 5) ( ~
` Zu( 7) ( V `
d !*
Wzg ) +Z ( 6) ( ~zz) ]*G
) !*
( 4) ( 3~
V `
d ) g y ( 10) ( S
-**
g PZg ) ~gH
( 9) ( z6,
^ v )gp *% ( 8) ( y1 Zg ) ~g+Z
( 3~eY)vZ( 12) ( 3~eY) Z( 11) ( **


DSEf e^ o^]
l^m]
'''':/''''''''''':x **
X t :Z _ Z/
Z /
'''''''':'''''':r B20]!*
''':e 6''''''''''''
X eYw{g Z Z

Y 2011

55

~sZ )x

You might also like