Earths Forces in Nature Chapter 9 Unit Test Review Student__________________________________________ Period_________Date________________ Parent Signature:_________________________________________________=2 bonus points Complete and

return the following review, signed by a parent or guardian, on November 11, 2011 (Test Day), for 2 bonus points on your test. RE-READ CHAPTER 9, PP. 312-353. STUDY THE DIAGRAMS 1. What three pieces of evidence support the Theory of Continental Drift? Similar fossils and plants on different continents Deposits from glaciers that are similar on different parts of the earth The continents fit together like a puzzle 2. Name and define the three types of heat transfer? Be able to recognize diagrams of each. Conduction heat transfer by direct contact of matter (matter to matter) Radiation transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves (boiling water) Convection Heat transfer by movement of heated liquid 3. Why does old oceanic crust subduct when it collides with continental crust? Oceanic crust is more dense so it sinks under continental crust 4. Define heat transfer? When will heat transfer stop? The movement of energy from a warmer object to a colder object 5. What evidence supports sea-floor spreading? evidence from molten material, magnetic stripes, and drilling samples 6. What causes convection currents in the Earths mantle? Heat from the mantle and earths core 7. What is the mid-ocean ridge? An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is being produced 8. What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics? Pieces of earths lithosphere are in a constant slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle

9. What is a strike-slip fault? type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-and-down motion 10. What are convergent plate boundaries? plate boundary where two plates move toward each other 11. What are seismic waves? vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake 12. Name and define the three types of seismic waves. Which waves arrive at the seismograph first? Which waves arrive later, or not at all? Why? (Chapter 4, Sec 4, pp. 154-156) Primary waves longitude seismic waves; move faster than other seismic waves so they arrive first Secondary waves transverse seismic waves; cant travel through liquids or earths core Surface waves travel more slowly but produce most severe ground movements 13. How do seismic waves help scientists study the structure of the Earth? Geologists record how seismic waves travel through the medium of the earth. The speed of the waves and the path show how earth is shaped 14. How are mountains formed? Folding and faulting driven by plate movement; when continent plates collide, they fold together. As they fold, thick layers of rock near the edge were compressed. (Appalachian Mts.) Plate movements cause tension in the crust, which is creates a normal fault that eventually forms mountains. (fault block mountains) 15. What are divergent plate boundaries? Know what landforms create at divergent plate boundaries? When two plates move apart Rift valley; Great African Rift Valley & Ridge; Mid Ocean Ridge 16. What are transform plate boundaries? Know what landforms create at transform boundaries? When two plates slip and slide past each other, moving in opposite directions Cause earthquakes 17. What is land subsidence? Know what type of plate boundary creates land subsidence. when the land surface sinks, or subsides, as a result of geologic processes or human activities; divergent 18. Where does sea-floor spreading occur?

19. What are fossils? 20. What is density? 21. What is deformation? 22. What is a reverse fault? 23. What is subduction? 24. What are constructive forces? 25. What are destructive forces? 26. How do constructive and destructive forces shape the Earth? 27. What is a deep ocean trench? 28. What was Pangaea? Be able to sequence the break-up of the landmass over time.