Abstract.ThemainpurposeofthispaperistointroduceFuturesresearcherstosimpleandpracticalways theycanemployintuitiveintelligencetoenhancetheirresearch.Iwilloutlinefivespecificintuitivetools which I have developed and used regularly.

The incorporation of these tools into the research process potentially makes research more efficient, meaningful and exciting. This paper contains a strong anecdotalcomponent,toexemplifytheprocesses. Thereisalsoatheoreticalaspect.Iexpandthemundanedefinitionofintuition,anduseitintheclassical sense,whereitincorporates theideaofthe extendedmind.Irefertothisas integratedintelligence. While this definition places it beyond generally accepted definitions of intuition found in modern psychology,ithasalongtraditioninthehistoryofart,literatureandsciencerightthroughtothemodern era. It is also consistent with recent experimental scientific evidence. Further, it fits well into recent developments in Critical and Postconventional Futures Studies, where other ways of knowing are beingincreasinglylegitimatised. MarcusAnthony Dontgetsofaraheadoftheparadethatnobodycanseewhereyouare. JohnNaisbitt(2007),MindSet Onlyintuition,restingonsympatheticunderstandingcanleadtotheselaws.Thedailyeffortcomes fromnodeliberateintentionorprogram,butstraightfromtheheart. AlbertEinstein(quotedinHart2000p20). Introduction Onedayseveraldecadesago,ayoungmanwalkedintoapubliclibrary.Hewantedtofindanswersto some deep questions he had been asking himself about the nature of mind, cosmos and their relationshiptomodernphysics.Inthosedaystherewerenocomputers,andhedidnothavemuchofa liking for the card catalogue, so he did what he often did when he wanted to home in on some hard information.Hebeganwalkingalongthemanyshelvesofbooks.Hedidnotbothertolookatthecall numberslibrarianshadspentthousandsofhoursinscribingonthebindingofthebooks.Instead,hejust kept walking. Suddenly, he got the strong feeling he had been waiting for, stopped, reached out and grabbedabookfromtheshelf.Thebookwasexactlywhatheneeded,addressingtheeffectofhuman observationonexperimentsinquantumphysics.ItwasthatmomentwhichlaunchedMichaelTalboton a lifelong interest in the confluence between mysticism and what he called the new physics (Talbot 1992p137). What interests me about Talbots tale, is not so much his beliefs about links between mysticism and physics,butthewayofknowingheusedtolocatehisdata.Whydidhenotjustusethecardcatalogue likeeverybodyelse?Washejustbeinglazy?Theanswer,accordingtoTalbot,isthatheoftenreliedon hisintuition,andasenseoffeelingtofindbooksinlibraries.Hefeltthatthiswasoftenamorereliable processthanusingconventionalmethods.Hebelievedthathewouldbeledtofindtheanswertothe questionshewasposing. Whatwouldyoudo?Chancesareyouwouldheadforthecardcatalogue,orthemodernequivalent,the computerdatabase.Andthattellsussomethingaboutthewayourmindshavebeentrainedtothink, andthewaysofknowingthatwehavecometocallnormalinthemodernworld. 1

Some will dismiss Talbot as a New Ager, hippie, or as simply deluded. Yet these terms relegate Talbottotherealmoftheother,andeffectivelypreventusfromaskingwhyandmoreimportantly howheusedintuitiontolocateinformationinpubliclibraries.Inthiswayweasresearchersremain confinedwithinourcomfortzones,andtheboundariestoourknowledgeareunconsciouslymaintained. In this paper I am going to push the boundaries, and bring us to the frontiers of mind at least as defined in the modern western world. Below, I will outline five intuitive research tools which can be used by futurists (and others who may wish to use them). In Part 1 I will provide a theoretical background for my argument, and in Part 2 I will outline the tools, their potential applications, and relatethemtocognitivemodalitieswithinthetheoryofintegratedintelligence(Anthony2008a).Part3 brieflyaddressesthreeissuesyoumayfaceasyouapplythesekindsoftoolstoyourresearch. The approach I recommend may be an affront to seasoned researchers. However, in the spirit of PostconventionalFuturesStudies,Iwillchallengetheparametersofdominantdiscourse,andofferthis paperasanactofdissent(Slaughter2006)adeepchallengetoprevailingmethodsandparadigms.

Part1:Thetheoreticalperspective
Elsewhere I have argued for the legitimisation of intuitive ways of knowing in modern education (Anthony2005,2008a,2008b).Ihavedevelopedatheoryofintelligencecalledintegratedintelligence.i Integrated intelligence is the ability to successfully solve problems using a full repertoire of cognitive abilities, including intuition in its classical sense. Such intuition incorporates transpersonal cognitive potentials, and includes the capacity to work with the extended mind (Sheldrake 2003), or consciousness that extends beyond the brain. So far, my work has been primarily theoretical and conceptual. What I did not outline so clearly is that there is a very practical side to integrated intelligence,andyoudonotneedtobeanIndianmysticorUriGellertouseit. Ihaveemployedthetoolsextensivelyinmyownresearch,includingduringthewritingofmydoctoral thesis.InthispaperIamgoingtorelatesomeofmyexperienceinwritingmydoctoralthesisusingthese methods.Thiswillincludesomeexcerptsfrommystudydiary,whichIkeptatthetime. The mystical components of integrated intelligence may lie beyond the comfort zones of some researchers.Isimplysuggestasuspensionofdisbeliefasyoutrythemethodsyourself.Icanreportthat thebenefitsaremany,includingmakingresearchmoreexciting,fluid,efficient,andofcourse,intuitive. DeanRadin(2008)statesthatonlyabout0.3%ofuniversitystaffwillpublicallyadmittoaninterestinpsi research.Thisisduetowhathecallsthepsitaboo.Integratedintelligencehasobviouslinkswithpsi research,astheconceptofextendedmindisrelatedtosuchpsiphenomenaasextrasensoryperception, clairvoyance,precognition,andsoon.Whiletherearetranspersonalresearcherswhodoemployrelated toolsformallyintheirresearch(Hart,Nelson&Puhakka2000),intheprocessIamsuggestinghere,the five tools are not formally incorporated into research methodology, but are background tools which enhancetheresearchprocess. Youdonothavetohaveanyspecificbeliefinaclassicalinterpretationofintuitiontousethesetools.It wouldhelp,however,totemporarilysuspenddoubt.Afterall,thesuspensionofdoubtisthestanceof thetrueskeptic,notadogmaticinsistenceonaparticularperspective,asRupertSheldrakehassooften stated(Sheldrake2003). 2

Iseeintegratedintelligenceasameansoffacilitatingandenhancingotherwaysofknowing.Itisnota meanstodoawaywithcriticalrationalityortraditionalresearchmethods.MayIsuggestyoubeginwith whichever of the tools you feel most comfortable. You can modify them according to your particular needs and preferences. I developed these tools through experimentation, and through adapting and modifyingotherpeoplesideas.iiIcontinuetoworkandexperimentwiththem.Iinviteyoudothesame. HereIwillcategorisethetoolsaccordingthecoreoperationsofthetheoryofintegratedintelligence,as outlinedpreviously(Anthony2006,2008a,2008b):integratedperception,location,diagnosis,evaluation, foresense,andcreativityandinnovation. TheevolutionofFuturesStudiesandintuitivewaysofknowing Where can we situate these ideas, considering they are rather radical? Australian futurist Richard Slaughter sees Futures Studies as having evolved through four distinct phases. The first was the empiricaltradition,whichwasmostprominentintheUnitedStates.Thesecondwasaculturallybased approachpredominantlyEuropeanwhicheventuallyledtoCriticalFuturesstudies.Theninthethird phase an international and multicultural thrust emerged, which Slaughter finds is still developing. Slaughters fourth phase has been the emergence of Postconventional Futures and Integral Futures studies. Integral Futures studies has developed from the work of Ken Wilber (2000) (amongst others) and the integraltraditionwhichhedeveloped(Slaughter2003).Insimplifiedform,Wilbersanalyticalapproach looks at four distinct domains: the physical world, culture, society, and consciousness. In short, it examinesbothexteriorsandhumaninteriors. TheessenceofWilbersmodelissummarisedbySlaughterinthefollowingway. Thecentralfeatureoftheintegralapproachistohonoralltruthsandacknowledgethevalueof manydifferentwaysofknowingacrossallsignificantfields(Slaughter2003). For the sake of simplicity, I am going to include Integral Futures Studies and the Postconventional Futures Studies under the one banner, and simply call them Postconventional Futures Studies. There are enough commonalities to put them together. It can be seen that the kinds of intuitive tools I am referringtothispaperareconsistentwiththeotherwaysofknowingwhicharetheoreticallyincluded inPostconventionalFuturesStudies. Of course, the five tools can be explicitly part of Futures Methods. For example, Sohail Inayatullah (2004), who incorporates many of the themes of Postconventional Futurists in his work, leaves an openingforsuchtoolsaspartofhisCausalLayeredAnalysis(CLA).CLAisalayeredanalyticalmethod, and can be used to analyse thinkers, texts, issues, problems, discourses, approaches, worldviews etc. The first level of CLA is the empirical and observable; the second the systems and social aspects; the third is worldview; and the fourth the myth/metaphor level. It is this final level which theoretically allowsspaceforotherwaysofknowing,andthekindsoftoolsImentioninthispaper(Inayatullah2004). Generally speaking, if we follow Slaughters interpretation, it can be said that each development in Futures Studies and the branch that has grown out of it has included and transcended the ideas, approaches and methods of the previous development.iiiSo Critical Futurists include the empirical approaches and the multiple perspectives approaches and then add their own particular tools and methods.InturnthePostconventionalistsincorporateallthetoolsandmethodsoftheCriticalFuturists, 3

andthenaddspiritualandPostconventionaltoolsandwaysofknowing.Eachdevelopment,therefore, hasexpandedthedepthofFuturesdiscourse. WecandepictthedevelopmentofFuturesStudiesasinFigure1,below. Image1.1:TheevolutionofFuturesStudiesaccordingtoSlaughter ThedevelopmentofFuturesStudiesreflectstrendsinwesternthoughtbeforeandduringthetwentieth century. Empirical Futures is the hardfact approach, typical of the western empirical tradition and experimentalismwhichquickenedafter1850(Pickstone2000).Multiperspectivesisconsistentwithan additionofbroaderthinkinginlinewithmulticulturalism.CriticalFuturesStudieshasbeeninfluenced bythemidtwentiethcenturypostmodernistsandpoststructuralists,especiallyMichelFoucault.Finally, thepostconventionalistshavebeeninfluencedbythoughtemerginginthealternativemovementofthe 1960s and 70s, Eastern philosophy and some of the advances in physics, systems thinking and consciousnessstudiesofrecentdecades.iv Postcritical thought encourages multiple perspectives. It invites analyses and introspection on paradigmaticdelimitationandbias(Inayatullah2002).InmyresearchIhaveemphasisedthatboththe critical/rational and mystical/spiritual worldviews have played significant roles in the development of westerncivilisationsincethetimeoftheancientGreeks(Anthony2006,2008a).Eachworldviewhasits preferred ways of knowing. The Critical/Rational worldview is dominated by experimental, analytical, classificatory, mathematical/logical and verbal/linguistic ways of knowing. The mystical/spiritual worldview is dominated by intuitive and introspective ways of knowing (Anthony 2006). Because mystical/spiritual ways of knowing tend to be underplayed, ignored or derided in the critical/rational worldview, modern western culture has lost the awareness of the kind of knowledge these ways of 4

knowingcanfacilitate.Theideasoftheextendedmindandintegratedintelligenceareobviouslymore consistentwiththemysticalspiritualworldviewanditswaysofknowing.Whileislargelyabsentfrom modernscience,itremainsacornerstoneformanynonwesternandindigenousculturesrightuptothe modernday(Sheldrake2008).

Part2:Thefivetools
Whiletherearenumerouswaysofutilisingintuitivethinkingandintegratedintelligenceintheresearch process, in this introductory paper I am going to focus upon just the five tools. They are the Intuitive Diary,FreeformWriting,MeditativeStates,TheFeelingSense.Below,Iwillbrieflyoutlinehowyoucan usethemingeneral.Then,underthespecificcoreoperationsheadings,youwillfindsomeotherspecific applications. UsinganIntuitiveDiary Thisisadiarywhereyourecordyourintuitivefeelings,images,promptsandsoon.Iconsiderittobethe mostimportantofallthetoolsforthosejustbeginningtouseintuitivewaysofknowing.Itistheone that will most easily establish a close link between left and rightbrain thinking, and get you in touch withthesubtletiesoftheintuitivemind. Youwillneedalargehardcoverdiary.Itisworthbuyingagoodone,becauseyouwantittolast.Allthe thingsyourecordinitmaynotmakesenseatthetimeofwriting,butwhenyoulookbacklater,maybe evenyearslater,youmayfindyourrecordingsinvaluable.AlternativelyyoucanputyourIntuitiveDiary onyourcomputer,butaswithallimportantwritings,makesureyouhaveatleastonebackupfilesaved elsewhere! IrecommendthatyouuseyourIntuitiveDiarytorecordyourdreams,intuitions,thesynchronicitiesyou experiencefromdaytoday,impressionsofmeditations,andanyauditory,visualorfeelingimpressions thatcometoyouatanytimeduringtheresearchprocess.Iliketorecordnotonlythedreams,images andfeelingsaboutthings,butmyinterpretationsofthemalso. WhenIstartedkeepinganIntuitiveDiarymanyyearsagoIwroteinitalmosteveryday.Itisuptoyou howmuchtimeyouwanttoinvestinit.Butdoitasoftenaspossible. FreeFormWriting Freeform writing is streamofconsciousness prose, written fluidly, quickly and without immediate editingortoomuchconsciousanalyticalthinking.Itisessentiallyeffortlesswriting. IusedFreeFormWritingextensivelythroughoutthewritingofmythesis,butparticularlyinthefirsttwo years.AbookwhichinspiredmegreatlyindevelopingthisprocesswasJoanBolkers(1998)WritingYour DissertationinFifteenMinutesaDay.Bolkersbookisaboutwritingathesisthroughapproximatelyfour stages:thezerodraft,firstdraft,seconddraft,andbeyond. Insomethingofasynchronicity,IfirstcameacrossthebookwhilescrollingthroughAmazon.com.Even beforeIhadformallyenrolledinmydoctoralprogrammeinAustralia,afriendtoldmeaboutPhillipsand PughsHowtoGetaPhD,andsoIwenttoAmazontocheckitout.IdidinfactbuyPhillipsandPughs book, but just happened to see Bolkers book there too. The title looked a bit gimmicky, but I felt a strongurgetobuyit(acaseofTheFeelingSense,asbelow).SoIdid.

ItwasBolkersconceptofthezerodraftwhichgrabbedme.Bolkerrecommendswritingfromday oneofthedoctoralenrolment.Bolkersuggestswritingatleastfifteenminutesaday,nomatterwhat. Theprinciplehereisbasicallythatyouconditionyourselftowritehabitually,sothatondaysthatyoudo notwriteyouactuallyfeelbad!Thezerodraftinvolveswritingwhatevercomestoyou,andwithout editing,proofreadingorcensoringyourself.Thereisnogoingback,notevenfortypos!Whateveridea comesintoyourmindaboutthethesistopicconnections,distinctions,hypotheses,questions,guesses, confusions, whatever you write it down during your daily writing time. Bolkers argument is that inevitably,amongstalltheramblingsofthemind,someusefulideaswillcomeout.Evenifthisisamere tenpercentofwhatyouwrite,youwillstillhavealotofpotentiallyusablewritingaftersixmonths.In Bolkerssystem,itisonlylaterthatyougetdowntoputtingtogetherafirstdraft.Itisafterthatpoint thattheprocessbeginstolookmorelikeatraditionalapproachtowritingathesis,withasuccessionof drafts. I highly recommend Bolkers book for anybody in the early stages of writing a thesis. In fact, I highlyrecommendittoanyresearcherinanydiscipline. Bolkerdoesnotlinkherideaofazerodrafttomysticism.HoweverIadaptedBolkersmethodtomy understandingsofintegratedintelligence.PreviouslyIhadusedFreeFormWritingwhenwritingpoetry and stories. I just wrote whatever came to me, and went back later to see if it was any good. Bolker made me realise I could use a similar process in the early stages of thesis writing or any academic writing for that matter. Thus when I actually began typing, I simply allowed myself to enter a fluid stream of consciousness, and let the words pour out. I typically found that there was just so much wantingtobereleasedfrommymind,thatfifteenminuteswasjustnotenough.Iadaptedthesystemso thatIsetmyselfagoalofwritingfivehundredwordsaday,everyday,firstthinginthemorning. JustasBolkerargues,Ifoundthatthewritingprocessreallyclarifiedmythinking.AsIwroteideascame together, links between people, ideas, and historical and philosophical concepts suddenly began to make sense. I did not stop to check if the ideas were valid. I just kept writing. This is thinking as you write,notthinkingbeforeyouwrite. Where I differ from Bolker is that I adapted the process to my mystical/spiritual worldview. Before I beganmydailywritingsessionIbeganwithaprayeroraffirmationtoSpirit.Idonothaveanyparticular religiousaffiliation,andthewordSpiritformehasanimpersonalconnotation.Asisobviousfromthis papers subject matter, my worldview is rather mystical. I believe that there is a greater intelligence whichcontributestotheevolutionofhumanity,andindeedtheentirecosmos.So,atthebeginningofa writingsessionIwouldsayaloudsomethinglikethis. Spirit,leadmethroughthiswritingprocess,sothatthisworkthatIamwritingmaybeinalignmentwith Spirit. TherewereoftenquestionsIwouldask,andsometimeswritedown,toguidethewholeprocess.ThenI would begin to write. I suggest you use an affirmation or prayer that you feel comfortable with, that reflects your particular worldview and belief system. You can also begin with asking questions, preferablyoutloudifyouarenotinthelibraryorwithinthevicinityofthelocalpsychiatricward! Duetosomeadministrativeissues,myenrolmentattheuniversitywasdelayedseveralmonths.Bythe timeIcametomyofficialenrolmentdate,Ialreadyhadaboutfortythousandwordsonmycomputer, allrelatedtomythesistopic.LaterIbegantoputtheideasintolongerargumentsaboutcertainaspects 6

ofthethesisasIsawitdeveloping.Almostallofitcametogethereasily,ifnoteffortlessly.Iemphasise thatatleastinitially,IwroteaboutthingsthatIwasdrawnto,tothatwhichmovedme.Inthoseearly days I rarely even thought about what I was going to write before I sat down to write. Sometimes I wouldwakeupandanideawouldcomeintomyhead,andIwouldgowiththat.OthertimesIwould beginwithnothing.TherewasnotasingletimewhenIhadwritersblock. JustasBolkersuggests,Iwentthroughdraftingphases.WithoutdoubtIenjoyedtheearlierpartofthe writingprocessmorethanthelaterstages.Iamnaturallycreative,butnotmuchofanaturalsticklerfor detail!Whenitcametotheendlesseditingofchapters,itbecamearealtestofselfdisciplineforme.I also found that my sense of connection to integrated intelligence dropped off as the process became more and more leftbrained. This was probably an inevitable part of the thesis writing process. InspirationisnotreallyneededwhenyouarecrossingendlessTsanddottingendlessIs. Mypolicyofwritingconsistentlypaidoff.Icompletedmythesisinlessthanfouryearswhileworkingas ateacherveryfulltime.WhenIenrolledinAugust2002,Ihadnotasingleacademicpublication.Bythe time I was granted my PhD I had a total of 18 publication credits (either published or about to be published),includingseveralbookchaptersandhadcompletedthewritingformybook(Anthony2008a). MeditativeStates MeditativeStatescanbeofgreatbenefitforresearchers.Youcancultivatemeditationandnonordinary states of consciousness as a deliberate means of accessing the intuitive mind, insight and inspiration aboutyourresearchtopic.Putsimply,theprocessforMeditativeStatesasatoolforresearchersisto quietthemind,putoutquestions,andwaitfortheanswerstocomeinanysensorymodalityimages, auditoryprompts,subtlefeelingsetc. Itiswellappreciatedbymysticsandmanyparapsychologiststhatcultivatingnonordinarystatesof consciousnessisinvaluableinaccessingintuitiveandspiritualknowledgewhatissometimescalledthe nonlocalmind(Grof2000,Sheldrake2003,Radin2006,2008).Throughoutmylifeaftermymid twentiesIusedthesestatesverydeliberatelytogleandatafromwhatIbelievearetranspersonal sources,andmysubconscious.Meditativestatesareanintimatepartofthedevelopmentofintegrated intelligence.Youcanfamiliariseyourselfwiththistoolthroughdeliberatemeditation,orbytaking advantageofthedrowsystatebetweensleepingandwakingthehypnogogicstate.Thisstateoccurs naturallywhenyouarefallingasleepandwakingup.Butyoucanenteritdeliberatelythrough meditationalso. Tobringaboutthesleepystate,sitquietlyinachair(orwhereveryoufeelcomfortable),andrelax. Focusonyourbreath,andbreathedeeplyinandout.Asthoughtsmoveintoyourmind,justallowthem topass.Ifyoulike,youcanimaginethembeingplacedinsideballoonsandfloatingaway.Agoodtimeto dothisiswhenyouareactuallyfeelingtired,suchasinthemiddleoftheafternoonorjustbeforebed. Thiswayyouwillnaturallytendtodrifttowardssleepwhenyousitandrelaxdeeply.Aftersome practice,youwillbeabletodoitmorereadilyevenwhenyouarefeelingalert. Thisprocessisalittledifferentfromsomeotherformsofmeditation,inthatyouaredeliberatelytrying tobegintofalltosleep.Inmostformsofmeditationitisimportanttoremainalertasyouenterdeep statesofconsciousness,andtheimagesthatcomebeforethemindmaybeseenasadistraction.But notwiththeMeditativeStatesthatIamreferringtohere.Asyourelax,youmayfindyourselfbecoming toodrowsyornoddingoff.Ifso,simplypersistinbringingyourselfawakebutnotfullyawake.Ifyou 7

practicethismeditativeprocessregularly,youwillbecomeadeptatmovingtowardssleep,butnotquite succumbingtoit.Whenyoufindyourselfjustshyofsleep,putquestionsouttoSpirit/thesubconscious mind(asyouprefer).Thenobservewhatcomesbeforeyourawarenessintheformoffeelings,images, soundsandwords. Bepatientwiththisprocess.Ifyougetnodefiniteanswers,simplyrepeatthequestioningprocessevery minuteorso.Evenifyougetnoanswerduringtheentiremeditation,onemayspringintoyourmindat alaterdate,orduringadream.Asynchronicityinyoureverydaylifemayanswerthequestionforyou. Regardless,yoursubconsciouswillgotoworkontheproblem,andbegintopullinformationanddata together,bothfrommundaneand(Ibelieve)spiritualsources.vJusttrustthattheanswerisonitsway. Somequestionsandproblemshavecomplexanswers.Afullunderstandingofthemmaytakesometime, maybeevenyearswithsomebigissues(buthopefullynotthatlong!).Manywillrequirefurtherphysical investigation.Somequestionshavenodefinitiveanswer,andmerelypresentanopportunityfora deepeningappreciationoftheproblem.Otheranswersmaycomeinaninstant.Asyoudevelopwisdom andcometounderstandhowthisintegratedintelligenceworksmorefully,youwillbeabletodiscern moreeasilyhowsuchanswersdevelop,oftenasaprocess. IrecommendyouemployMeditativeStatesinshortbursts.Thesecouldbeasshortasaminuteortwo forlighterquestions,orcouldbetentofifteenminutesformoreindepthissues.Whenyoufinishthe meditation,recordwhatyouhaveexperiencedinyourIntuitiveDiary.Ifyouwant,youcanlateranalyse themeaningofwhatyouhaveseenorexperienced.Youwillnotbeabletodothisduringthe meditation,becausetheanalyticalmindcannotoperateeffectivelywhileindeepstatesofrelaxation, andviceversa. ThereisonethingyouwillnoticeasyouuseMeditativeStates.Aftersometimeyouwillbeabletoslow themindandaccessthesedeeperstatesofconsciousnessinverylittletime,perhapseveninstantly.You willalsobecomemoreawareofthewaythesubconsciousmindisconstantlyoperating,evenduring normalstatesofwakingconsciousness:bitsandpieceswillsneakthroughfromthedeeperlevelsof mindevenasyouaregoingaboutyoureverydaylife. DevelopingTheFeelingSense Justaswithusingintuitioningenerallife,youcanalsoallowyourfeelingstoguideyouasyouresearch. Themoreyoubecomecomfortablewithinnerworlds,theeasieritwillbecometodistinguishamongst themanysubtlefeelingsfromwithin.Youhavetolearnthedifferencebetweenatrueintuitivepull andothercompetingvoicesfromwithintheego,desire,wishfulthinking,fearoftheunknownandso on.Thisisnotreallysomethingthatcanbetaught.Itissomethingyoulearnbytrialanderror. One morning while working on my thesis I began reading a book by Howard Gardner and two of his academiccolleagues(Gardneretal1996).HoweverIfoundmymindwondering.Itjustdidnotfeelright. SoIputitdown.Iwalkedovertomybookshelf.Iimmediatelyfeltdrawntoanothertext,Thebookwas totallyunrelatedtothefirst.However,asIskimmedthroughthetext,somekeyinsightscametome. Thestudysessionwentsmoothlyafterthat.Therewasasenseofflow,asiftheentireprocessofwriting a doctoral dissertation was continuing smoothly. The key point is, why struggle with something that doesnotmoveyou?Youmaysimplybecomestuck,disinterested,andthewholeflowoftheresearch may be impeded. Unless you have been assigned the reading by a teacher, or it is an absolute must read,putitaside.Youmaywellfindthatatalaterpointitdoesfeelrighttoread.Thisisaboutdoing therightthingattherighttime. 8

Another possibility is that when looking through the bibliography of a text, allow any subtle feelings aboutthelistedbooksandarticlestograbyou.Likewise,likeMichaelTalbotintheopeninganecdote ofthispaper,youcanwalkthroughlibrariesandbookshopsandwaitforbookstochooseyou.Ihave donethismoretimesthanIcaretoremember. AgoodwaytobeginhonouringTheFeelingSenseistodothefollowingexercise.viPrepareaselectionof, say,fivebooksorpapersyoumightliketoreadforyourresearchproject.Sitwiththebooks/papersin frontofyou,breathedeeplyandrelax.Askyourselfanyresearchquestionsthatyouaretryingtoanswer. Then allow yourself to get a feeling about each book/paper. You might even like to pick up the books/papers and sense how they feel to read. Here is where I tend to follow a subtle sense of excitement.Ifitfeelsexciting,itisagoodbetthatthereadingistherightone.Thisprocessisalittlelike the Romantics merging of subject and object. You can imagine yourself connecting with the book/article,andsensingthefeelingofit. Themoreyouhonouryourintuitivefeelings,themoretheywillspeaktoyou.Thisreallyistoovaluable anadvantageforaresearchertopassup.Inmyopinion,youwouldbemadtoignorethissimpletool.It can cut a lot of hassle out of the research process, save much time and energy, and lead to an invigoratingexperienceinresearchandwriting. Harnessingsynchronicity Synchronicitiesaremeaningfulcoincidences.CarlJung(1973,1989)isperhapsthebestknowntheorist of synchronicity. For Jung, the cosmos was not the great machine of the modernists. His principle of synchronicity transcended the linear mechanics of the Newtonian framework. Jung was keenly interestedinthedevelopmentsofmodernphysics,aswellastheparadoxical.Thereisnotroomhereto explore the theory or the phenomenon itself at depth. It is sufficient to say that the idea is fully compatiblewiththemystical/spiritualworldview,wherematterandconsciousnessareininterplayinan intelligentcosmos. Itismyexperiencethataserendipitousandadventurousapproachtoresearchfacilitatessynchronicities. Akeypointisbringingthemindfullyintothepresentmoment.MysticLeonardJacobsondescribesthis beautifully in the video Bridging Heaven and Earth (Bridging Heaven 2008). In the exalted state of complete presence, it is as if the cosmos comes alive. The deeper meaning and purpose of things becomesknownevenastheyunfold,asandasifthepsycheandcosmosareinopendialogue.Thisis somewhat akin to the state of flow, usually reported in mainstream psychology in mundane and reductionistterms(Czikszentmihalyi1994). The experience of synchronicity is, in its most exalted form, almost a kind of spiritual rapture. It is a direct affront to the critical/rational worldview. If the researcher can suspend disbelief, synchronicity containsserendipitieswhichcanbeaninvaluableaidtoresearch. UsingtheCoreOperationsofIIinResearch NowIturnmyfocustosomemorespecificapplicationsofthefivetools.Iwilloutlinewaysinwhichyou can apply the core operations of integrated intelligence at will. Again, I emphasise that this is not an exhaustivelistofpotentialapplications.Myintentionhereisjusttotouchuponsomepossibleuses.You canexperimentwiththese,andpickandchoosetheonesyoulike,orforthatmatter,addtothem.

CoreOperation1:IntegratedPerception
9

General applications: 1. Integrated perception of the underlying order & meaning of bodies of knowledge,disciplines,schoolsofthought,individualthinkers;andsystems,includingtheintelligence withinthosesystems.vii Integrated intelligence can help in coming to an understanding of the connections within fields of knowledge.Itisimportantinthewritingofanarticle,bookorthesistoappreciatethewaythatthingsfit together, and to grasp the relationships between various facets of the research problem. Such understandingsoftencomeinleapsofintuition,orAha!moments.Itismyexperiencethatintegrated intelligencecanhelpfacilitatethisprocess.Itdoesnotnecessarilyrequireintegratedintelligencetomap outthebigpicture.Butitcanbeemployedtodoso. AperfectexamplecomesfrommedicalintuitiveCarolynMyss.Sherecountsthatbeforethewritingof her book Anatomy of the Spirit, she was struggling to come to terms with certain aspects of the proposedtext.Sometimeafterexperiencingaconfusingdream,sherecallshowthekeyinsightcameto her. Shortly after that dream, I was still frustrated that I had not yet found the core message of Anatomy,butasIwaslecturingtoagroupoftwentyeightstudents,Iturnedtowritesomething on a white flip chart and instantly downloaded an image that merged three great mystical traditions and their biological implications: the seven chakras of the East, the seven Christian sacraments,andthetensefirotoftheTreeofLifefromtheJewishKabbalah.Inlessthanasecond, Ireceived,Iunderstood,Iaccepted,andIstartedthebookoveragain(Myss2001p35). NotethatMysswasabletointegratetheconnectionsamongstthreemysticaltraditionsandsensetheir biological implications. Her anecdote not only demonstrates the immediacy of integrated intelligence, but shows the importance of several other relevant aspects of this intelligence. She received the information, indicating that the source was not her conscious mind. Secondly she understood it. I suspectthatherlongworkingexperiencewithintuitivewaysofknowingallowedhertograsptheoverall meaningimmediately.Withoutthisstep,thefollowingstepscouldnothavebeentaken.Thirdly,Myss accepted the experience. Without the acceptance of the mystical experience and its knowledge, no learningcouldhavetakenplace. Myss has a strong connection with her intuition. This kind of connection naturally improves as an individualbeginstousethekindsoftoolsIamoutlininghere.Themoreyoutapintotherightbrain,into thesubtleintuitionsandfeelingswithin,themorethelanguageofthatpartofyourmindwillbecome recognisabletoyou. Integrated intelligence can also help gain insight into the overall meaning of a body of research or problemarea.WithinmyownthesisIdevelopedamodelwhichsituatedintegratedintelligencewithina greater civilisational perspective. Like Myss story, this is something that came to me, more than my consciouslyanalysingtheentireprocess.Watchoutfordiagramsandimagesthatcometoyouindreams andmeditations.Remember,Kekulesawthemolecularconfigurationofthebenzeneringinadream (Kafatos&Kafatou1991p166).viiiNotesynchronousorAha!momentswhenanimageinabook,onan advertisingbillboardorTVprogrammesuddenlyjumpsoutatyou.Useyourresearchdiarytorecord feelings,intuitions,imagesetc.thatcometoyouatanytime.Althoughtheymightnotmeanmuchat thetimeofwriting,theymaylaterhavesomerelevance. 10

Anothersimpleprocessistoaskforthemeaning.Hereyouputouttheproblemorthequestionina meditationorreflectivemoment,andthenstartwriting,drawing,singing,moving(whateveryouprefer). YoucanuseMeditativeStates,TheFeelingSenseorFreeformWritingtoseektheanswer.Again,itmay notcomestraightaway.Keepputtingthequestionout,andtrustthattheansweriscomingsooneror later.

CoreOperations2&3:Evaluation&Location
Evaluation General applications: The capacity for evaluating the wisdom of choices, and the value of competing conceptsorpossibilities. Location General applications: Locating and evaluating alternative designs, methods, sources of data, research fociandstrategies. Here I have combined two core operations of my theory of integrated intelligence into one subject heading.Thisisbecauseoftheobviousoverlap:locationcanbeseenasasubsetoftheideaofmaking choicesinyourresearch. Thesetwocoreoperationsconstituteperhapsthemostobviouswaysthatintegratedintelligencecanbe of assistance to the modern researcher. With the information explosion there is just too much knowledge out there to be properly processed in a purely rational way. As intuition experts such as MalcolmGladwell(2005),GaryKlein(2003)R.Rowan(1991)and(Gigerenzer2008)ixsuggest,theworld todayisjusttoocomplextocomprehendusingonlytheanalyticalmind,baseduponthedatawehaveat hand. That is because that data will inevitably be partial, to a greater or lesser degree.Rowan (1991) referstoanalysisparalysis,wherewebecomesoobsessedwithanalysingdatathatwelosevaluable opportunitiestoactwithin thepresent moment.The conclusionofallthesethinkersisthat wecan andshould employourintuitionmoreoften.My pointisthat researcherscanalsouseintuitionina number of very beneficial ways in evaluating the direction of their research, and with more specific smallerchoicestheymaymakealongtheway. You can use intuitive insights when you have a number of research options to choose from. The following entry, taken from my Intuition Diary is a good example. This describes a time during my doctoralcandidaturewhenIwasworkingatmycomputer,andhadpreviouslydownloadedmorethana dozen academic articles on mind in ancient Greece, and hundreds more on subjects relevant to my thesis. 11.01.04. I opened up the folder under Greek thought, and saw that there were about 15 files there. So I asked which one to read (I had two hours tonight to do some research). I heard Numberone.Itwasaveryfaintvoice,andIwasntsurewhereitcamefrom,butIdecidedto followit.SoIwentintothefirstfile(thefilesarenotnamedclearly,soIwasntsurewhatwasinit). Anyway,itwasperfect:abouttheancientGreeksinfluenceonFreud.IreadthatFreudselectively choseaspectsfromGreekthoughtwhichfittedhismechanisticprejudices(andignoredtherest.).I wroteabout900wordsonthesubject,anditflowedreallyeasily. 11

Iamdownloadingalotoffilesfromthedatabasesontomycomputeratthemoment.Thereare thousandstochoosefrom.AfterIdothesearch,IamintuitingwhichonesIshouldsaveontothe computer.Iamalsojustfocusingforamoment,andgoingintomyfeelings.IfIdontgetaclear sense,Iusuallydontsaveit,althoughIadmitsometimesthingsseemabithazy,soIjustsaveitor notaccordingtologic Once again, it can be seen that I used a combination of more mundane and rational research processeswithsomemoreintuitiveprocesses.WhatIdidwastogointodatabasesanddownloadonto mycomputerhundredsofarticlesonsubjectsrelatedtomythesis.Withthemoderncomputeryoucan justsearchforawordorphraseandthedocumentswillcomeup.Iftherearealotofdocumentswhich comeupfromaconventionalsearch,youcanuseintuitionagaintoselectwhichoneyouwanttodip into. Of course you can also just read the name of the article the old fashioned way! However sometimesthenamemightnotbeclear,ortheprecisecontentofthearticlesomewhatvague.Thisis when intuition becomes invaluable. You could spend a long time wading through a dozen or more articlestryingtofindtherightone. Iusedthefeelingsenseandameasurementtechnique(whichIwillnotdetailhere)todecidewhich articles tosave.If Idid notgetanystrongfeeling, Ididnotsaveit.Later,when Ireturnedtoactually readarticles,Iusedthesametwointuitivemethodstoselectwhichonestodipintotoread. Noticealsothattheprocesswasnotperfect.Thefeelingsandmeasurementswerenotalwaysclear. Whenthiswasthecase,Isometimesrevertedtomoremundanemethodsindecidingwhichfilesto save,ortoread. Ofcoursethereisnoguaranteethatintuitionwillbringforwardtherightinformation.Sometimesyou willbewrong.Howeveritismyexperiencethatintuitioncanbedevelopedtosuchadegreeastomake itaninvaluablewaytoenhancetheprocessoflocatingdata. Herearesomeotherintuitivemethodsyoumightliketoexperimentwithwhenbrowsingdatabasesor multiplefiles/articles.Thesearerelatedtothecoreoperationsofevaluationandlocation. Decideyourresearchfocusareaandstateyourquestion(s)(preferablyoutloud).Thenbringup thefilesonyourcomputerscreen.Askaquestionrelatedtoyourquestion(s),andthenrunyour fingeroverthescreen.Whenyoufeelyourfingerbeingattractedtoafilestop,andopenit. WhenIdothissometimesIfeelatinglinginmyfinger,othertimesitfeelslikethereisawall whichstopsmyfingermovingpastaparticularfile.Thisisabitlikesomedivinationmethods, such as pendulum swinging. The key is to let go, trust the process, and not try too hard to determinetheoutcome. Writethefilenames(ornumbers)onpiecesofpaperorcards,thenturnthenfacedown.Shuffle themsoyoudonotknowwhatcardiswhere.Usethesameprocessasabove,makingsureyour questionisclearlystated.Thenallowyourselftobedrawntooneofthepiecesofpaper,and turnitovertoseewhichfiletoread. Standbackalittlefromthecomputerscreen,relaxandtakeadeepbreath.Whenyoufeelvery relaxed,askthequestionyouwishtofocusupon,andwaitfortheanswer.Takenoteofwhat you see, feel or hear. A document icon may flash at you, come alive, or seem to become attractive.Gointothatfileandopenit,keepingthequestioninmind. 12

Youcanusethesameprocesseswhendecidinguponwhichbooks,chapters,articleswebpagesoreven paragraphstoread.Again,usethesemethodsinconjunctionwithstandardresearchmethods. Beclearonwhatyouarelookingfor Whenitcomestothecoreoperationsofevaluationandlocationitisvitalthatyoubeclearaboutwhat youarelookingforwithyourresearch.Aclearsetofquestionstoguideyourresearchiscrucial.During theresearch undertakenformy doctorateIhadaclearpolicythatIneverreadanything withoutfirst writingdownorrepeatingtomyselfthequestionsIwantedtoanswer.Isuggestyoudothesame. This is even true of the very beginning of your research project. Here the questions might be quite general. Whatreallyinterestsmeaboutthistopic? Whatareasofthistopicreallyrequirefurtherresearch? WhatamIreallydrawntoasapossiblefocusofmyresearch?

As you clarify your research topic, the research questions should become clearer, and more specific. Eventuallytheyshouldalltietogether. InthewritingofmythesisIallowedmyintuitivefeelingstoguidemuchofthedirectionoftheresearch. MypreferencefortheintuitivewasnowheremoreapparentthanwhenIchosemythesistopic.HereI followedmyintuitionfully.Iwassimplynotpreparedtofocusonanareathatwasnotofimportanceto me,orthatIwasnotpassionateabout.Ibelievethatintuitiveintelligenceworksbestincludingthefive keytoolsmentionedinthispaperwhenweareonpurposewithourresearch,andindeedwithour lives. IhavetoadmitIjustdonotunderstandthementalityofmanypostgraduatestudentswhochoosethe nameoftheinstitutionbeforetheirtopic.IreadrecentlyofamatureAsianmanwhorelatedthathe had not enrolled in a PhD programme because he had not yet found a university with a prestigious name. To my mind, this is pure ego in action: the substance of knowledge and passion for subject matterplayssecondfiddletothesurfacepackagingofinstitutionandcredentialandpurehumanvanity. x Intheendthechoiceformewasreallynochoiceatall.IwentwithwhatIhadspentsomuchofmy adultlifefocusedupon:integratedintelligence.Ofcourse,atfirstIdidnothavethenameintegrated intelligence.NordidIknowexactlyhowitwouldpanout.Ididnotknowthechapterheadings,andI didnotknowthemethodologyIwouldemploy.IdidnotevenknowthespecificquestionsIwouldask. Thatallcamelater. As it turned out, the university rejected my initial proposal, and the lack of a clear methodology was significanthere.ButthatwasOKIsimplywentandlocatedamethodasrequired.MysupervisorSohail Inayatullah told me to use his Causal Layered Analysis in my refurbished proposal. I did this, and the proposalwasaccepted. This also exemplifies another important factor. In life we have to deal with the power structures of society, culture and institutions. We also have to deal with prevailing paradigms, traditions and 13

protocols. Compromises are necessary. Whenever I came up against an obstacle because what I had writtenwasconsideredinadequateduetomethodologicalweaknessesorthesystemrequirementsof academia,Isimplymadethenecessarycorrections.Itisnousekickingandscreaminginsuchcases.You have to earn your stripes before you can start to command respect, or influence the systems and institutionsyouareworkingwithin.Adoseofhumilityisrequired. Usingintuitiontofocusyourwriting Onadailybasisyoucanuseintuitivefeelingstoguideyoursenseofwheretofocusyourwriting.This relates most closely to the core operation of evaluation, but also to location and also diagnosis (see below).Thefollowingentryfrommythesisresearchdiaryexemplifiesthis. 09.12.03 This morning I began to write up some stuff from Shapiros Reading the Postmodern Polity. But therewasanaggingfeelingwithinmethatthiswasntright.SoIswitchedtowritingaboutGrofs argumentsfromBeyondtheBrain.Thatfeltalotbetter.IfeltlikeIwaspushingitwithShapiro,as ifIwasnotbeingguided,andhadbecomedetachedfrommyintuition. Ithenwroteaboutthesignificanceoftheeventforme. Thelessonfromthisistolistenforthatsenseofflowing,whichmeansthatIaminalignment withintuitiveintelligence.ThesenseofbeingdetachedmeansthatonehasdetachedfromSpirit. Whenthisdetachmentoccurs,onecanstop,stepbackfromthework,gowithin,whilebreathing deeplyandrelaxing.Thenask:Whatisrightformetodonow? YourIntuitionDiarycanthereforealsocontainsomereflectionsyouhaveabouttheintuitiveprocessyou areemploying,andanyotheraspectofyourresearchthatyouwishtocommenton.Forthistowork, youdonothavetoframetheexperienceintosomethingspiritual,asIliketodo.However,Ifindthis entireprocesstendstobecomesomethingbiggerthanmeasanindividualresearcher,soIknowofno bettertermthanSpirittodescribetheintelligencethatpermeatesit. The feeling sense can also be used to good effect in determining where (location) to direct your attention,asthefollowingdiaryentryindicates. 20.12.03. IwassittingherethismorningwhenIhadthegreaturgetopickupthebookTheSearchforthe PearlbyGillianRoss.Itwassittingontopofapileofbooksonthecoffeetable.Therewasavery strong sense that this was right, as if I was being compelled to go and pick it up (which I did). Anyway,thebookhasasectionwhichturnsouttobejustperfectforchaptertwoofthethesis, with a great summary of the historiography of scientific atheism since the beginnings of civilisation.OnceagainIfeelastrongsenseofguidanceandconfidencethatIcangetthischapter doneingoodtime. HereIchosetorespondtoafeeling,andinthiscaseitprovedtobeveryfruitful.YouwillnoteIhadno consciousawarenessofwhatImightfind,orwhattheoutcomewouldbe.InotherwordsIhadnoidea ofwhytheactionwasrequiredorwhyitmightprovehelpful.Thisissomethingthatresearcherswho are used to following a linear chain of logic may find difficult to get used to. I certainly recommend 14

having a research plan, and keeping up a careful consideration of where you are going. But using integratedintelligencemeansthatyouhavetobeopentobeingtakenwhereyoumightnotexpect,or even want to go. The key is to listen to feelings, especially strong feelings, about what to read, how muchtimetoputintoatextorpaper,andwhichpartsofthetexttofocusattentionupon.Thisrequires acertainlettinggo. Of course not all writing will flow like water down the mountain. Research takes time and effort. Sometimesitisquitetedious,andintheenddetailshavetobespoton.Thismaynotbemuchlikefunat all!Itwouldbeamistaketoditchalineofresearchcompletelyjustbecauseyoufelttiredorresistanton anygivenday.Majordecisionsaboutresearchdirectionsshouldbemadewithacombinationofintuitive senseandananalyticalappraisalofallthefactorsinvolved. Finally,Isuggestyoutakefullnoteofsynchronicities,becausetheycanguideyourresearch.Sometimes aparticularbookmightbestickingoutofashelf,orjustlyingthereonthestudydeskwheresomeone has left it, and it just happens to be one that resonates with your research topic. In The Road Less Traveled M. Scott Peck (1984) relates a synchronistic experience where he was studying in a friends library,andatastickingpointinhiswriting.Evenashesatthereoneofthewomeninthehousecame tohimandhandedhimabook,sayingshethoughthemightliketoreadit.Peckstatesthatthebook wasperfectforwhatheneededforhisresearchatthattime,andheresumedhiswritingimmediately. Whensuchsynchronicityoccurs,Isuggestyoutakeadvantageofit.

CoreOperation4:Diagnosis
General applications: Diagnosis of research problems, including methodological problems; ethical considerations;andintrospectiontoreflectuponpersonalattitudesandbiasinresearch. Inrespecttointuitiveknowing,diagnosisisanimmediaterealisationoftheprecisenatureorcauseofa problem. In current dominant science and academic disciplines, diagnosis comes after careful analysis andphysicalinvestigation.Itisacarefullycontrolledprocess.Withintegratedintelligenceyouallowthe knowingtocometoyou.Inthissenseitispreciselythereverserelationshipwiththesubjectmatterat hand.Thesubject/objectdichotomywhichisattheheartofwesternscienceandepistemologycollapses, andtheknowerandtheknownbecomeone.xiNeedlesstosay,thisisaradicallydifferentrelationship withknowledgethanthatwhichcurrentlydominatesinwesternculture. However,thesituationisnotasimplypassiveone.Youcanbringabouttheappropriatementalstateto improvechancesthattheawarenessyouseekwillpresentitself.ThismeansusingMeditativeStates,or justlisteningtoyourintuitioninquiettimes,suchaswhenwalkinginnatureorwhengoingtosleepand waking. Thusyou candeliberately employ MeditativeStates togetinsightsintoproblems.During mydoctoral candidatureIwrote: 31.12.03 WhilemeditatingontodaysstudysessionthewordSkinnercameintomyhead.Itfeelsrightto gowithit,soImgoingtowriteupsomestuffon(B.F)Skinner.Itdoesntfeelrighttogetintothe 15

nextchapteratthisstage,astheinfoseemstoospecific.Ineedtoseethebigpicture,notgetlost inthedetails. InthiskindofmeditationsessionIhadageneralfocusonly.Ihadnospecificproblem.Beforethestudy sessionbegan,IsatdownandtriedtogetasenseofwhereIcouldfocusmyattentiononthisday.This was a common process I employed at various stages of the thesis. The process is receptive, but not passive.IusedmyIntuitionDiarytoreflectuponthemeditationandchoosethebestwayforward. You might notice that I rejected the possibility of doing some further research/writing in regard to anotherchapterofthethesis,basedonTheFeelingSense,whichtoldmethatitwasnottherighttime todoso.Yettherewasalsoaconsciousawarenessofwhyitwasnotright,soonceagaintherewasa synthesisofdiagnosticintuitivefeelingsandrationalisation. YoucanalsobefarmorespecificinyourfocusasyouuseMeditativeStates.Youcanfocusuponone particular question, problem or issue. In this kind of meditation you put yourself into a deep state of relaxation, and repeat either verbally or silently the question or problem in your mind. The key is to keep the mind focused on the issue, while still allowing moments of inner silence to allow any ideas/images/words to flow freely through the mind. You should keep your focus, and not allow the mindtodrifttoofarofftrack.

CoreOperation5:CreativityandInnovation
General applications: Drawing upon intuitive, subconscious and transpersonal cognitive processes to facilitateincreasedinspiration&creativityinwork,business,research,competitionorleisure. Ithaslongbeenbelievedthatspiritualsourcesinspirecreativity,andespeciallywriting.Theideaofthe muse or writers guide goes back thousands of years to ancient Greek civilisation. In particular, the Romantics of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were great believers in spiritual inspiration. WilliamBlake,forexample,felthewasguidedbyAngelstowrite. PersonallyIhavefoundthatonceIhaveallowedacreativeprocesstoflowthroughme,writingbecomes effortless.Itfeelslikethemostnaturalthingintheworld.Therearewaysthatyoutoocantapintothis creativeprocess,butitrequiresadifferentwayofknowing,theuseofadifferentcognitiveprocessthan researchersmightcommonlyemploy.IfyouprefertouseamoreconventionalexplanationforwhatI amreferringtohere,youcancallitflow(Czikszentmihalyi1994). Thecoreoperationofcreativityandinnovationimpliesthatabarelyconsciousstreamofthoughts,ideas andinspirationsislurkinginthebackofyourmindasyoudoyourresearch.Ithereforesuggestthatyou takenoteofrecurringthoughtsandimagesthatcomeintoyourmindasyougo.UseyourIntuitionDiary forthis.Anentryinmyresearchjournalindicateshowonesuchrecurringideabecamequiteimportant totheargumentofmythesis. 27.12.03 Thewordlovekeepscomingverballyintomymind.IrecallKenWilberwritingthatEroshasbeen extracted from the world of modern science. Maybe this has led to certain distortions in the modernworldview,anditsdepictionofintelligence. 16

 The idea that modern science has extracted feeling from the world also keeps popping up. Of course feelings are seminal in intuitions. The eradication of feelings leads to the eradication of intuitions,andadistortedandlimiteddepictionofconsciousness,andesp.rationality. Thiswasquiteaninfluentialpieceofintuition,followedbyanalysis.Theideaoffeelingsbeingcentralto theprocessofintuition,andinturn,itsdevaluationinthemodernWest,becamequiteimportanttomy argument.ThelastsentenceinthatentrysumsuptheanglethatIeventuallytook.Onceagainyoucan see that intuition and logic worked together here. I made these extrapolations based upon the initial intuition.Thisledtomywritingquiteextensivelyonthisverysubjectmatter. AsIhavewrittenabove,itisduringtheinitialstagesofaresearchprojectthatFreeformWritingismost useful.Thisiswherecreativityandinspirationcanbegivenalargelyfreehand.Butforacademics,later draftshavetofollowmoreconventionalacademicprotocols.WhenIbeganmydoctoralprogramme,I was excited to find that I was able to write so freely, and produce so many words with seemingly no effort.NotlongafterIsubmittedanarticletoanacademicjournal,onewhichIhadwrittenusingFree formWriting.Asisstandardprocess,itwasreviewedbytwoacademicpeers.Oneofthemwasquite criticalofit.Thereviewerwrotethatitreadmorelikeamagazinearticlethanapieceofscholarlywork. SoIhadtogobackandalmostcompletelyrewritethearticle.Thiswasagoodlessonforme.Theinitial freespiritedpartofthewritingprocessisonlythebeginning.Onethenhastogothroughthetextwith far more respect for detail and ensure that it is consistent with the protocols of academia and/or publishing. This will not be a natural process. It will require more discipline and some left brained, detailed writing and editing. Personally, this is not my favourite part of the writing process, but it is nonethelessnecessary.

CoreOperation6:Foresensexii
General application: Foresight into research requirements, issues and problems, institutional and logistical conditions, funding and career opportunities. Determining the consequences of research choices. Foresenseisaninvaluableskillforanyresearcher.Thereisincreasingevidencefortheexistencethe human capacity for precognition (Braud 2003, Radin 2006, Sheldrake 2003), and it consistent with theoreticaldevelopmentsinquantumphysicsandsystemstheorynamelytheconceptofnonlocality (Sheldrake et al 2001). But rather than waiting around for the evidence to become definitive, researcherscantaketheleapoffaithandtestthingsforthemselves. You can use Meditative States to sense the feeling of the outcome of certain decisions, as outlined above. For example, when you are relaxed, either during the hypnogogic state (early morning, late evening)orduringmeditation,imagineyourselfinthetimeandplacewherethedecisionyouwantto makeisalreadycompleted.Theideaistofeelyourselfinthatplaceafterhavingmadethedecision.The information maycomeintheformof feelings,images,sounds andsoon.Thisisakind offoresense. You can sense the energy on a particular process or decision. Pay attention to synchronicities too. Theysometimeshaveaprecognitiveaspecttothem. 17

Dreams can also be particularly useful form of foresense. I suggest recording any dreams related to yourresearchinyourIntuitionDiary.Eveniftheydonotseemtomeanmuchinthepresent,youmay seesomethinginthematalaterdate. Again,Itakeanexamplerelatingtomydoctorate.Themiddleperiodofthesisorbookwritingcanbe verydifficult.Itismuchlikerunningamarathon.Theinitialpassionandenthusiasmtendstowearoff. Eachstepseemstotakeyounoclosertothegoal,andyoumayfeellikeyoucannotgoanyfurther.Itis also quite difficult to know how far to go with the research for particular arguments, and particular chapters.Oftentheresearchercanonlytouchuponasmallpercentageofthepossiblenumberoftexts related to that part of the thesis. This is because there are often simply too many papers and books writtenonitforonepersontoeverread. Iwashavingsometroublewithoneparticularchapterofthethesis,whereIwasresearchingthehistory ofthedevelopmentofrationalityinwesternculture.Therewerejustsomanybooks,andmanyofthem werequitedetailed.WhenandwhereshouldIstop?Iseemedtobeswimminginaseaofinformation, andlosingsightoftheshore.AbitofdoubtwasbeginningtocreepinastowhetherIwouldeverbeable togetitdone. It was a dream which moved me forward. In the dream I saw one of my thesis supervisors standing behindsomekindofmachine,whichlookedabitlikephotocopier.Shehadmythesisinhandandwas stampingit.Thesensewasthatitwasallreadytobefinalised,andtherewasjustthematterofrubber stamping it. When I awoke I was quite surprised by the dream, because I was doing a lot of further reading,andseveralchapterswerenowherenearreadyforsubmission.YetIfelttherewassomething the dream was trying to communicate. It was as if the future was reaching forward to tell me to get focused and get the thing written. From that moment on I decided to write up all the chapters and submit them for due consideration. I made this decision even though I could not possibly see at that pointhowIcoulddoitinthenearfuture.Ittookafewmonthstogetawholedraftcopyofthethesis done.Therewerecriticismsandseveralmorerewrites.InayearIhadthethingdoneandsubmittedfor examination. I got great reviews from my examiners, and the thesis was passed with no corrections required,savetheoddtypo. WhatIcouldnotseeatthetimeofthedreamwasthatIalreadyhadathesisinmyhead,andthatIdid notneedextensivefurtherreadingandwriting.Ijustneededtogetthewholethingputtogether. Finally, you do not need to be Nostradamus to use your capacity for foresense. You do not need sweepingvisions,ortomimicthe chatteringconvulsionsofanindigenousshamantogetafeelingfor where your decisions might lead you. No, your Feeling Sense in general is your greatest asset. Simply learntofollowyourgutfeelingswhenmakingdecisionsrelatedtoyourresearch.Developingthefeeling sense will tend to put you on the right path without too much need for conscious awareness of the reasonswhy.Themoreyoutrustit,themoreitwillbecomesecondnature

Part3:Finalconsiderations
Thereareimportantissuesyouwillfaceasyoubegintodevelopmoreproficiencywithusingintuitive intelligenceinyourresearch. Shouldyoutellothers? 18

So you have decided to be a radical and experiment with integrated intelligence in the writing and researchprocess.Maybeyoubegintoexperienceanexcitementasintuitionandsynchronicitybeginto worktogetherandyourresearchandwritingbegintoflow.Shouldyoutellyoursupervisororothersat theuniversity?Orshockhorror,yourstudents?Theansweris,inmostcases,isno.Theexceptionisif you know your supervisor/colleague is open to such ideas, or you are in an alternative (or simply progressive)institutionthatisopentorelatedmystical/spiritualconcepts. Academia can be a very conservative world, as you are probably well aware. It is still dominated by critical rationality and the mechanistic paradigm (Anthony 2006, 2008a). Some disciplines are almost completely dominated by mechanistic thinking especially in the hard sciences, including biology, psychiatryandtoalesserdegreepsychology.Youriskridiculeandperhapsevenacademiccensureby beingtooopen.IwouldtendtobecautiousifIwereyou.Andthelastthingyouwantistoloserapport withyoursupervisor,colleaguesorstudents. However as you may have noted, things are improving. My own thesis dealt with this very esoteric subject matter of integrated intelligence. I deliberately sought out a supervisor who was open to my worldview Sohail Inayatullah. Yet I did receive some criticism, and even ridicule, from people at my university.Nonetheless,thingshaveimprovedconsiderablysincethetimeofthirteenthcenturymystic MeisterEckhart,whopossiblydiedatthestake.Iamhappytoreportthatadministratorsdecidednotto tiemetoastakeandsetmealight,atleastnotbythetimeofwriting. The university where I studied is quite a new one. In more traditional and conservative institutions, resistance may be greater. Some academics who have researched controversial topics in recent years have had to endure academic investigation and censure. Brian Weis (1985) of Yale (past lives), John Mack (1999) of Harvard (alien abduction phenomena) and Elizabeth KublerRoss (1997) (neardeath experiences) have been heavily censured for their research topics, and especially their conclusions, whichtendedtowardsthemysticalendoftheepistemologicalspectrum. JohnNaisbitt(2007)likes towarnfuturistsnottogettoofaraheadofthe parade,ortheywillsimply moveoutofsight.Aproblemwiththeideaofintegratedintelligenceisthatitisfarremovedfromthe experienceofmanyinwesternacademiccircles.ThisissomethingIhavetodealwithonaregularbasis, andsowillyouifyouareopenaboutusingit. Thisadvicemayseemalittlehypocriticalofme,asmuchofmyresearchdealswiththistopic.ButIhave madethedecisiontolivetheconsequencesofbecominganexpertinarathertaboosubjectarea.And it should also be mentioned that I have been unable to secure any academic post in any university, despite now having some thirty academic publications, including numerous peerreviewed articles, conferencepapers,bookchaptersandanacademicbookonawidearrayofsubjectmatters. Resistancefrom...yourself As a researcher, you will have to find the right balance of rational and intuitive ways of knowing, accordingtoyourownpreferredresearchstyle.Butdonotbeafraidtocomeoutofyourcomfortzone, and experiment with the intuitive. Most researchers are quite leftbrained, as result of the education environment they have worked within for many years. Using rightbrained and intuitive methods will feelawkwardand uncomfortableatfirst.WhenIfirstbeganto delveintomypsycheandexplorethe intuitive, I experienced a sense of loss of control. There was a subtle fear of being invaded by an 19

alien force. A recurring dream I had at the time was of being annihilated by laser beans emanating from UFOs, reflecting the depth of that subconscious fear. The ego generally reacts poorly to any reductionofitspoweroverthemind.Youmayfindyoualsoencounterresistancefromyourpsyche.If so, respect the fear, and gently persist in your determination to expand your innate intelligence. It is worththediscomfort. Wisdomandtransformation InthispaperIhavewrittenaboutfiveintuitivetoolsthatcanbeusedinFuturesresearch,andIhave usedthecoreoperationsofintegratedintelligencetheoryasameanstoexplicatethem.HoweverIdo not think that it is possible to employ these kinds of intuitive tools over a long time without being fundamentally changed by them. There are two end states of the theory of integrated intelligence: wisdom and transformation (Anthony 2008a). I have found that working with an expanded idea of intelligenceisaquintessentiallyspiritualexperience.Thereissomethingaboutthewholeprocessthatis greaterthantheindividual.TherearemomentsofflowwhentheImergesintothewe,andpersonal identityislost.Thisisconsistentwithreportsofmysticalexperiences,aswellasthepsychologyofflow (Czikszentmihalyi1994).Thetransformationisnotjustofyou,butincludesthecollectivetransformation of humanity. A common saying in spiritual traditions is that the one who starts out on the spiritual journeyisnotthesameastheonewhocompletesit. Finally Oneofthegreatthingsaboutintuitiveresearchtoolsisthattheyarenewterritory.Notmanypeople have written about them. Since it is the future that futurists are passionate about, we should also be leadingthewayinthefrontiersofthinkingandresearch.Ihaveexperimentedwithmanyintuitivetools, and used them according to my own preferred cognitive and learning style. Here I would like to emphasisethatyouarenotlimitedbywhatIhavewrittenhere.Developyourownapproach,yourown tools.Adaptmine,taketheonesyouwant,leavetheonesyoudonotlike.Andtheninventyourown.I personally have a lot more tools than mentioned here. All this can be a very creative and exciting process.Itcanbearevolutioninthoughttosuddenlygetitthatyouarenotafragmentedmindfishing inanoceanofrandomknowledge.Itismyexperiencethatwearepartoftheocean,andtheoceanis quitecapableofcarryingus,ofrespondingtous.Researchneednotbeadryandexclusivelyrational processthatismerelyaWesternAngloculturalexpressionofresearch.Itcanbeintuitive,creative, passionate,transformative,excitingandevenfun. References Anthony, M. (2005). Education for transformation: Integrated intelligence in the knowledge economy andbeyond.TheJournalofFuturesStudies,9(3),3135. Anthony,M.(2006).AgenealogyoftheWesternrationalisthegemony.TheJournalofFuturesStudies, 10(4),2538. Anthony,M.,(2008a).Integratedintelligence:classicalandcontemporarydepictionsofmindand intelligenceandtheireducationalimplications.Rotterdam:SensePublishers. Anthony,M.(2008b).APersonalvisionoftheintegratedsociety.JournalofFuturesStudies.13(1),87 112. Braud,W.(2003).Distantmentalinfluence.Charlottesville,VA:HamptonRoads. Bolker,J.(1998).WritingYourdissertationinfifteenminutesaday.London:HoltPaperbacks. Bucke,M.R.(1991).Cosmicconsciousness.London:Penguin. Czikszentmihalyi,M.(1994).Apsychologyforthethirdmillennium.NewYork:HarperPerennial. Gigerenzer,G.,(2008).GutFeelings.London:Penguin. 20

Gladwell,M.(2005).Blink:Thepowerofthinkingwithoutthinking.London:AllenLane. Hart,T.(2000).Frominformationtotransformation:Whatthemysticsandsagestelluseducationcan be.Encounter:EducationforMeaningandSocialJustice,13(3),1429. Hart, T., Nelson, P., & Puhakka, K. (Eds.). (2000). Transpersonal knowing; Exploring the horizon of consciousness.NewYork:Suny. Inayatullah, S. (2002). Questioning the future: Futures studies, action learning and organizational transformation.Taipei:TamkangUniversityPress. Inayatullah,S.(2004)(Ed.),Thecausallayeredanalysisreader.Taipei:TamkangUniversityPress. Jung,C.(1973).Synchronicity.NewYork:Bollingen. Jung,C.(1989).Memories,dreams,reflections.NewYork:Vintage. Kafatos,M.,&Kafatou,T.(1991).Lookinginseeingout.Wheaton,IL:QuestBooks. Klein,G.(2003).Thepowerofintuition.NewYork:Doubleday. KublerRoss,E.(1997).Thewheeloflife.NewYork:SimonandSchuster. Laszlo, E. (2004). Science and the akashic field: An integral theory of everything. San Francisco: Inner Traditions. Mack,J.(1999).Passporttothecosmos.NewYork:ThreeRiversPress. Myss,C.(2001).Sacredcontracts.Sydney:BantamBooks. Naisbitt,John.(2007).Mindset.London:Collins. Peck,M.S.(1984).TheRoadLessTravelled.NewYork:Arrow. Pickstone,J.(2000).Waysofknowing:Anewhistoryofscience,technologyandmedicine.Manchester: ManchesterUniversityPress. Radin,D.(2006).Entangledminds.NewYork:Paraview. Radin, D. (2008) Science and the taboo of psi. Online video lecture. Retrieved from http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=qw_O9Qiwqew. Richardson,K.(2000).Themakingofintelligence.London:Phoenix. Ross,G.(1993).Thesearchforthepearl.Sydney:ABCBooks. Rowan,R.(1991).Theintuitivemanger.NewYork:Berkley. Scheele, P. (1993). The PhotoReading Whole Mind System. Wayzata, Minnesota: Learning Strategies Corporation. Sheldrake, R. (2003). The sense of being stared at and other aspects of the extended mind. London: ArrowBooks. Sheldrake,R.(2008).Theextendedmind:Recentexperimentalevidence.Onlinevideolecture.Retrieved frommurl.microsoft.com/LectureDetails.asp?1035 Sheldrake, R., McKenna, T., & Abraham, R. (2001). Chaos, creativity, and cosmic consciousness. Rochester,MN:ParkStreetPress. Slaughter,R.,(2003).IntegralFuturesanewmodelforfuturesenquiryandpractice.Availablefrom: http://foresightinternational.com.au/catalogue/resources/Integral_Futures.pdf.(Accessed7July 2006). Slaughter,R.(2006).BeyondtheMundaneTowardsPostConventionalFuturesPractice.Journalof FuturesStudies.Vol10,no.4.Pp1524. Talbot,M.(1992).Mysticismandthenewphysics.NewYork:Arkana. Tarnas,R.(2000).Thepassionofthewesternmind.London:Pimlico. Weiss,B.(1985).Manylives,manymasters.NewYork:Fireside. Wilber,K.(2000c).Sex,ecology,spirituality.Boston:Shambhala. Wilde,S.(2001).Thesixthsense.Carlsbad:HayHouse. 21

Theterm integrated intelligence refersto the integration of individualised brainbasedintelligencewithbrain transcendent intelligence. This definition moves beyond transpersonal theory by integrating transpersonal and mystical insight with the idea of intelligence. There is an important distinction here. Throughout this paper the conception of the mind as transcendent of the brain will be referred to as the extended mind, following Sheldrakes(2003)term.Theconceptionthattheextendedmindincorporatesapotentialtobeintelligentwillbe referredtoasintegratedintelligence.Whilethelatterdefinitionincorporatestheformer,theformerdoesnot necessarilyentailthelatter.Iemphasisethatthisisatentativetheory,andrequiresmuchfurtherdevelopmentto establishitselfinacademicterms.Ideally,thiswouldincludetestingofsomesort.Thetheoryisbasedonresearch andpersonalexperiences(seenotebelow). ii Some of these influences were researchers, and some were not. The researchers include Hart et al (2000), MichaelTalbot(1992)DeanRadin(2006),RupertSheldrake(2003),WilliamBraud(2003),GillianRoss(1993),Carl Jung (1973, 1989), Paul Scheele (1993) and others. Hart et al (2000) target intuitive methods specifically for research,whiletheothersresearchrelatedsubjectmatters.Bothgroupshaveinspiredmetoemployintegrated intelligenceinmyresearch.Otherinspirationshavebeenmysticswhowriteaboutintuitiveexperiences,suchas thelateMauriceBucke(1991),JohnMack(1999),BrianWeiss(1985),StuartWilde(2001),andElizabethKubler Ross(1997).YetperhapsmostinfluentialhavebeenthemysticsIhavemetinmypersonallife.Ihaveworkedwith groupsofmystics(Iamnotquitesurewhatelsetocallthem)atvarioustimesandindifferentcountries,andhave beenabletowitnessfirsthandtherealityofintegratedintelligence.Thesemysticstaughtmehowtoutilisethe dormant rightbrained intuitive abilities that I believe we all have. It was my seeing others develop such skills relativelyeasilythatconvincedmethatthesearenotsimplyspecialabilitiesonlyseeninyogiswhohavelivedin caves and meditated for thirty years. They are natural, commonly occurring capacities extant, though usually dormant within the minds the mass of humanity. Rupert Sheldrakes (2008) recently conducted telephone telepathyexperiments,whichhavebeensuccessfullyrepeatedbyothers,provideevidentialsupportformyclaim thatintegratedintelligenceiswidespread. iii ThisisreminiscentofWilbers(2000)thinking,whereheseesdevelopmentsinhumanthoughtsystems(holons) includingandtranscendingthoselowerontheGreatChainofBeing. iv For physics and systems thinking see Ervin Laszlo (2004) and Sheldrake, McKenna, & Abraham (2001). For developmentsinconsciousnessstudiesseeGrof(2000),Radin(2006(,Sheldrake(2003). v Again,thetermspiritualdoesnothavespecificreligiousconnotationshere.Itmeansfromasourcebeyondthe individualsbraintheextendedmind. vi This technique has been inspired, in part, by Paul Scheeles (1993) photoreading whole mind system. Scheeles approach to study has many similarities to my own, although he tends to avoid references to mystical concepts. vii Theseapplications,andthesupportingevidenceforthem,havebeenoutlinedinmybookIntegratedIntelligence (Anthony2008).TheywillalsobeexplainedingreaterdetailinmyupcomingbookBeyondtheFrontiersofHuman Intelligence,whichwillbeavailablefrommywebsitewww.mindfutures.com. viii AsfarasIamaware,Kekuledidnotseethisasanythingmystical,butasamundaneprocessingofthe subconsciousmind. ix Gladwell(2005)andGigerenzer(2008)constructintuitioninmodernist,reductionisttermsanddonotentertain thepossibilityoftheextendedmindorintegratedintelligence.Klein(2003)issimilar,withtheexceptionofabrief forayintotheparanormal.Rowan(1999),however,isquitecomfortablewithexploringintuitionintheclassical sense. x Thisisnottosaythatmarketforcesshouldnotbeconsideredwhenenrollinginadvanceddegrees,asdegrees fromprestigiousuniversitieswillhavemorecloutwhenyoufinish. xi Theunknowabilityoftheobjectisalsocentraltopoststructuralistthoughtthathasusurpedmodernistthinkingin manyacademicdisciplinesinrecentdecades,especiallythesocialsciences.Myexperienceisthatthissenseof

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alienationfromthecosmosisafunctionofadissociatedstateofconsciousness,andnotareflectionofthenature ofthemindorthecosmositself.KenWilber(2000)andRichardTarnas(2000)holdsimilarviews. xii Iusethetermforesense,asthetermforesightisalreadywidelyusedinFuturesStudies,anddoesnothave thesameconnotation.

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