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Multiple Choice
A. carbon, oxygen
B. hydrogen, helium
C. nitrogen, carbon dioxide
D. chlorine, argon
a2. Where did most of the heavy Earth elements come from?
A. other planets
B. colliding asteroids
C. evolving stars
D. evaporating comets
a3. A star is discovered with a high percentage of heavier elements. What does
that show about the star?
b4. What happens to the atomic weight of a stars’ atoms each time the star goes
through a life stage?
A. it decreases
B. it stays the same
C. it increases
D. there are more atoms
A. the atoms fuse as the star goes through its life stages
B. the atoms expand because they get hotter and hotter
C. the atoms bond together in chemical reactions
D. the atoms are attracted to each other in small stars
b7. A small star that cools rapidly will produce what types of elements?
Use this information from the periodic table to answer the next three questions.
Each box shows an element’s symbol (center) and its atomic number (upper left
hand). The atomic number indicates how many protons are in the nucleus of the
atom.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne
c8. What will the fusion of two hydrogen (H) atoms produce?
A. a lithium atom
B. a berillium (Be) atom
C. a boron (B) atom
D. a carbon (C ) atom
c10. All these elements are found on Earth. Where were they formed?
d12. Bright new stars have been observed in the remains of exploded star
systems. What are the new stars made of?
d13. The end of the star cycle for a large star predicts a very small dense
collection of heavy elements. Which of these discoveries provided this
evidence?
d14. Astronomers have observed stars in all stages of the life cycle. What is this
similar to?
A. using radioactive dating to find out how old the stars are.
B. looking at grains of sand on a beach and estimating their number.
C. asking around your classroom and finding out everyone’s birthday.
D. looking at a group of people and seeing all ages.
Use this sequence of a Sun’s life cycle to answer the next four questions.
e15. What happened for the dust cloud to begin nuclear fusion and turn into the
Sun?
e18. What happens to stars much larger than the Sun when they reach point
“B”?
A. nuclear fusion
B. forward motion
C. the big bang
D. gravity
f20. If the planets were to suddenly stop moving, what would happen to them?
f21. If the Sun were to suddenly disappear, what would happen to the planets?
Essay
1. What evidence for the star cycle is most convincing to you? Why?
2. How is the life cycle of our Sun different from other stars?
Earth Systems Standard 1, Objective 1 Assessment
Multiple Choice
a1. How does light from stars data support the Big Bang Theory? It shows that
Red Blue
Red Blue
a2. How would the spectrum of hydrogen on the distant star be described?
A. Reflected
B. Red-shifted
C. Offset
D. Refracted
a3. How would an astronomer explain the difference between the two spectra?
A. Hydrogen gives off light differently if the gravity of the star is large
B. Light traveling through space is warped by the vacuum
C. The star is traveling away from us, lengthening the light waves
D. The star has a slightly different kind of hydrogen it is burning.
b6. According to the theory, what has been happening to the matter in the
universe since the big bang occurred?
c7. Which of the following would be the best model of the “Big Bang” theory?
Use this time line of the life of the universe to answer the next two
questions.
A B C D E F G H I J K
c9. Which best describes the location on the time line of the Big Bang?
A. at or before A
B. between A and B
C. between B and C
D. at G
c10. When do scientists think our solar system was formed?
A. at A
B. Between A and D
C. Between F and G
D. Between J and K
d11. Centuries ago, people thought that Earth was the center of the universe
and that the sun and moon went around it. Why did they think this was true?
d12. Galileo went to jail for publishing evidence that supported the sun-centered
solar system theory. Why?
d13. Most human cultures have explanations for the origin of the universe. How
is the scientific explanation different?
A. He used telescopes in the observatory that collected data from far into space.
B. He knew of the work of Einstein and used it to help make his calculations.
C. He made accurate measurements and used the correct formulas.
D. He was able to work on nights when the sky was clear of clouds.
a15. Which stars would have the greatest red shift?
d16. What does Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation have to do with the
big bang theory?
e17. How does this story show the development of scientific evidence?
e18. What does much of the evidence for the big bang theory depend on?
1. Describe the big bang theory and what evidence scientists have to support it.
2. Why does a car horn sound different as it passes you? Tell how the sound
changes and why.
3. Compare and contrast the theory of an Earth centered solar system with the
theory of a Sun centered solar system.