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P K Kush, RRCAT
Cryogenics Facility
Production of Liquid Helium and Liquid q q Nitrogen to meet the requirements of RRCAT
Liquid Helium Plant : Make M/s Linde Model Installed capacity : TCF 20 : 40 Lit/ hr
A) Liquid Nitrogen Plant Model Installed capacity B) Liquid Nitrogen Plant Installed capacity
Development of C D l t f Cryocoolers l 30 K Cryocoolers 10 K Cryocoolers Cryopump with pumping speed of 1,200 liters/sec for i f air
Development of Reciprocating Type Expansion Engine and Cross Counter Flow Heat Exchangers
Cryocoolers like domestic refrigerator require only electricity to produce low temperature. The Cryocoolers developed at RRCAT are based on Gifford McMahon Cycle. They produce 30K in a single-stage system and 10K in a two-stage system. The entire cryocooler is made of indigenously available components. The Cryocooler consist of two parts, an p p expander module and a compressor module. The Cryocooler uses Helium gas as working fluid.
Development of Cryocoolers
30 K Cryocooler
10 K Cryocooler
30 K Cryocooler Characteristics
Cooling Power V/s Speed
8 7 50 K 6
5 40 K 4
3 30 K 2
250
T e m p e ra t u r e , K
200
150
100
120 rpm
60 rpm
50
29.2 K 22.1 K
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time, min 30 35 40
45
50
3D Design Model
05 Numbers of 30 K systems are supplied to different labs + One Compressor Module matched with imported unit and supplied to BARC, Mumbai, C Year 2002.
(1) One 30 K Cryocooler supplied during first half of year 2004 (Laser
Physics Applications Division, RRCAT), It is being used for study of Temperature Dependent Transient Photoconductivity & Photoluminescence of Organic Semiconductors Ph t d ti it Ph t l i fO i S i d t
Sample Holder
(3) Another 30 K Cryocooler was supplied to Laser Physics pp g y Applications Division , RRCAT. It is being used to study Temperature Dependent Carrier Dynamics measurements by Ultra Fast Pump Probe Spectroscopy
(5) Another 30 K Cryocooler was supplied to Materials, Advanced y g Accelerator Science & Cryogenics Div. , RRCAT. On this Cryocooler a cryogen free ac-susceptometer working over a wide temperature range (30-400K) is developed. Which amongst other things is capable of p g g p precision measurements of phase transition phenomenon in magnetic materials and superconductors.
10K Cryocooler
Lowest Temperature Temperature S i i Stability 10 K 0 deg 0.5
180 Temper rature, K 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255
0.5 C o o l in g P o w e r , W 3 4
3.5
2.5
1.5
0 5 10 15 Temperature, K 20 25 30
Ultimate Vacuum: 4 x 10E-8 mbar Pumping Speed Nitrogen: 1200 Liter/sec Argon: 900 Liter/sec
Max. Throughput: 2 mbar. Liter/sec Impulsive gas load (Cross over) Tolerance: 60 mbar-Liter Gas Capacity for Nitrogen: 300 Std. liters
All the above problems solved by y g y modifying Commercially available AirConditioner Compressor for helium gas. Completed more than 3,000 hours of operation.
H ig h P r e s s u r e H o t G a s S tr e a m
L o w P re s s u re C o ld S tr e a m
Heat Exchanger I [Temperature range: 306 - 90 K] Design Values Experimentally (Theoretical) Observed values Tube Side Pressure Drop 8.2 psi p 9.0 psi p (HP) Shell Side Pressure Drop 0.82 psi 1.10 psi (LP) Effectiveness 97.00% 95.60%
Heat Exchanger II [Temperature range: 306 - 200 K] Design Values Experimentally (Theoretical) Observed values Tube Side Pressure Drop (HP) Shell Side Pressure Drop (LP) Effectiveness i 7.2 psi 0.080 psi 96.00% 7.6 psi i 0.10 psi 95.30%
Cylinder and piston Crank and connecting rod Valve for pressurization and depressurization at cryogenic temperature Cam and rocker arm Flywheel Braking and speed control mechanism - Alternator with external resistor
Cylinder bore Stroke Inlet Pressure Exit Pressure Exit temperature Efficiency Speed Refrigeration Produced
Test Setup
Improve Efficiency of the Expansion Engines Development of Integral Purifier. Automatic process control for cool down, unattended operation and shut down.
Future Plans
Development of Superconducting cavities and Associated Technologies for High Energy Accelerators & their Applications Infrastructure has to be set up and develop the necessary technologies needed for successful production of superconducting cavities required for various accelerator programs in DAE DAE.