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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/589/
Contributors:Karl Stolley, Allen Brizee. Summary: There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts. This resource offers advice on how to avoid plagiarism in your work.
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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/589/
students to: Develop a topic based on what has already been said and written Rely on experts' and authorities' opinions
BUT Improve upon and/or disagree with those same opinions Make your own signficant contribution
Improve your English to fit into a discourse community by building upon what you hear and read
BUT
Contributors:Karl Stolley, Allen Brizee. Summary: There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts. This resource offers advice on how to avoid plagiarism in your work.
Is It Plagiarism Yet?
There are some actions that can almost unquestionably be labeled plagiarism. Some of these include buying, stealing, or borrowing a paper (including, of course, copying an entire paper or article from the Web); hiring someone to write your paper for you; and copying large sections of text from a source without quotation marks or proper citation. But then there are actions that are usually in more of a gray area. Some of these include using the words of a source too closely when paraphrasing (where quotation marks should have been used) or building on someone's ideas without citing their spoken or written work. Sometimes teachers suspecting students of plagiarism will consider the students' intent, and whether it appeared the student was deliberately trying to make ideas of others appear to be his or her own. However, other teachers and administrators may not distinguish between deliberate and accidental plagiarism. So let's look at some strategies for avoiding even suspicion of plagiarism in the first place
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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/589/
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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/589/
something your readers will already know, or something that a person could easily find in general reference sources. But when in doubt, cite; if the citation turns out to be unnecessary, your teacher or editor will tell you. Contributors:Karl Stolley, Allen Brizee. Summary: There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts. This resource offers advice on how to avoid plagiarism in your work.
Safe Practices
Most students, of course, don't intend to plagiarize. In fact, most realize that citing sources actually builds their credibility for an audience and even helps writers to better grasp information relevant to a topic or course of study. Mistakes in citation and crediting can still happen, so here are certain practices that can help you not only avoid plagiarism, but even improve the efficiency and organization of your research and writing.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/589/
Writing Paraphrases or Summaries Use a statement that credits the source somewhere in the paraphrase or summary, e.g., According to Jonathan Kozol, .... If you're having trouble summarizing, try writing your paraphrase or summary of a text without looking at the original, relying only on your memory and notes Check your paraphrase or summary against the original text; correct any errors in content accuracy, and be sure to use quotation marks to set off any exact phrases from the original text Check your paraphrase or summary against sentence and paragraph structure, as copying those is also considered plagiarism. Put quotation marks around any unique words or phrases that you cannot or do not want to change, e.g., "savage inequalities" exist throughout our educational system (Kozol). Writing Direct Quotations Keep the source author's name in the same sentence as the quote Mark the quote with quotation marks, or set it off from your text in its own block, per the style guide your paper follows Quote no more material than is necessary; if a short phrase from a source will suffice, don't quote an entire paragraph To shorten quotes by removing extra information, use ellipsis points (...) to indicate omitted text, keeping in mind that: Three ellipsis points indicates an in-sentence ellipsis, and four points for an ellipsis between two sentences To give context to a quote or otherwise add wording to it, place added words in brackets, []; be careful not to editorialize or make any additions that skew the original meaning of the quotedo that in your main text, e.g., OK: Kozol claims there are "savage inequalities" in our educational system, which is obvious. WRONG: Kozol claims there are "[obvious] savage inequalities" in our educational system. Use quotes that will have the most rhetorical, argumentative impact in your paper; too many direct quotes from sources may weaken your credibility, as though you have nothing to say yourself, and will certainly interfere with your style Writing About Another's Ideas Note the name of the idea's originator in the sentence or throughout a paragraph about the idea Use parenthetical citations, footnotes, or endnotes to refer readers to additional sources about the idea, as necessary Be sure to use quotation marks around key phrases or words that the idea's
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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/589/
originator used to describe the idea Maintaining Drafts of Your Paper Sometimes innocent, hard-working students are accused of plagiarism because a dishonest student steals their work. This can happen in all kinds of ways, from a roommate copying files off of your computer, to someone finding files on a disk or pen drive left in a computer lab. Here are some practices to keep your own intellectual property safe: Do not save your paper in the same file over and over again; use a numbering system and the Save As... function. E.g., you might have research_paper001.doc, research_paper002.doc, research_paper003.doc as you progress. Do the same thing for any HTML files you're writing for the Web. Having multiple draft versions may help prove that the work is yours (assuming you are being ethical in how you cite ideas in your work!). Maintain copies of your drafts in numerous media, and different secure locations when possible; don't just rely on your hard drive or pen drive. Password-protect your computer; if you have to leave a computer lab for a quick bathroom break, hold down the Windows key and L to lock your computer without logging out. Password-protect your files; this is possible in all sorts of programs, from Adobe Acrobat to Microsoft word (just be sure not to forget the password!)
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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/589/
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http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/589/
Contributors:Karl Stolley, Allen Brizee. Summary: There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts. This resource offers advice on how to avoid plagiarism in your work.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/589/
Contributors:Karl Stolley, Allen Brizee. Summary: There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts. This resource offers advice on how to avoid plagiarism in your work.
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