English and Scottish Ballads "For the people of the Middle Ages, the ballads took the place

of story books, and they were made by the minstrels1 who roamed the country, singing their stories and accompanying themselves on the harp The stories that the minstrels sang were on familiar themes. Tender stories of love, stirring stories of well-known battles, of daring raids and captures and rescues, exhilarating stories of heroic resistance and of the doings of bold outlaws, tragic stories of treason and sad deaths, comic stories, cruel and terrible stories, stories of that fairyland in which most men believed - we find them all, sung in direct, vigorous verse to the accompaniment of the minstrel's music." Ruth Manning-Sanders-Stories from the English and Scottish Ballads English and Scottish Ballads deal with subjects typical to many ballads: romance, supernatural experiences, historical events, morality, riddles, murder, and folk heroes. On one extreme, some recount identifiable historical people, in known events, embellished for dramatic reasons. On the other, some differ from fairy tales solely by their being songs and in verse; some have been recast in prose form as fairy tales. A large part of the collections is about Robin Hood; some are about King Arthur. A few of the ballads are rather bawdy. There are many ballad collections. One of them is The Child Ballads. The Child Ballads are a collection of 305 ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, collected by Francis James Child in the late nineteenth century. Child modelled his work on Svend Grundtvig's Danmarks gamle Folkeviser (a collection of all known texts and recordings of the old Danish popular ballads), classifying and numbering the ballads and noting different versions, which were placed side by side to aid comparison. The ballads vary in age; for instance, the manuscript of "Judas" dates to the thirteenth century and a version of "A Gest of Robyn Hode" was printed in the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century.The majority of the ballads, however, date to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Although some probably have very ancient influences, only a handful can be definitively traced to before 1600. Moreover, few of the tunes collected are as old as the words. Nevertheless Child's collection was far more comprehensive than any previous collection of ballads in English.

A minstrel was a medieval European bard who performed songs whose lyrics told stories of distant places or of existing or imaginary historical events. Although minstrels created their own tales, often they would memorize and embellish the works of others. Frequently they were retained by royalty and high society. As the courts became more sophisticated, minstrels were eventually replaced at court by the troubadours, and many became wandering minstrels, performing in the streets and became well-liked until the middle of the Renaissance, despite a decline beginning in the late 15th century. Minstrelsy fed into later traditions of traveling entertainers, which continued to be moderately strong into the early 20th century, and which has some continuity down to today's buskers or street musicians.

Some of the collected ballads are: The Young Lord of Lorn Hind Horn May Colvin Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, and William of Cloudesley Childe Rowland The Crafty Farmer Tam Lin King Estmere Alison Gross Young Bekie Thomas the Rhymer The Heir of Linne The Lochmaben Harper King Orfeo A Tale of Robin Hood: 1. The Birth of Robin Hood 2. Robin Hood and Sir Richard at the Lee 3. Sir Richard at the Lee and the Abbot 4. Little John and the Sheriff of Nottingham 5. Robin Hood and the Monk 6. The Sheriff's Shooting Match 7. The Sheriff Complains to the King 8. The King and Robin Hood