The Elements of Poetry

Narrative Poetry *tells

a story w. plot & characters lines and stanzas one part of the story

*arranged in *focuses on * epic formula trivial subject ridiculous mock epic uses overstating it *to make a Casey at the Bat *by example: *short, musical narrative poem *anonymous Ballad word of mouth for generations folk/popular ballad written down *passed by *imitation folk ballad *before finally longer & author is known literary ballad Frankie and Johnny *differs from folk: example *word, phrase, line or group of lines throughout, espec end of stanzas Refrain (a.k.a. chorus) *quatrains in abcb rhyme *repeated 4 accented syllables ballad structure 3 accented syllables st *1 and 3rd lines have *2nd and 4th have *the voice of the poem or role poet plays

Speaker Diction
*do not assume

it is the poet (aka Word Choice) Selection of words in lit.

*1. convey meaning *2. suggest attitude (set mood) * to: *3. create images

*slang associated with a particular career or activity Ego by Philip Booth jargon With a flat-hat for furlough/and tin wings to sleep example: on /I fueled my high-octane ego...

*the collection of sense pictures or impressions in a

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Imagery

poem or story *about nature with deeper meaning 3 lines of 5, 7, 5 syllables

haiku : a poem *arranged in *appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) concrete objects, people and events sensory language *represents aka sensory language

Figurative
Language
simile

concrete language *language used for descriptive effect *a figure of speech *that directly compares two seemingly unlike things comparing words such as like or as

*particular to a given area dialect contains words with different sounds, forms & *spoken by meanings *most often assoc. with Cajun in La. combines English with French *not to be confused with regional dialect *dictionary meaning of a word *differs from Standard English *unspoken or unwritten meaning beyond its denotative meaning example: roast beef could be called roast fleshwhy not use it? denotation connotation *as with music, they transmit ideas and emotions *assoc. with a word *not mere decoration; chosen to create emotion example:
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Lyric Poetry

*a figure of speech *with *that indirectly compares two seemingly unlike things startle the reader with the similarity metaphor *a figure of speech *to an animal, object or idea is described human form or characteristics personification *where *expresses speaker's personal thoughts and feelings *with *variation of a language, a particular group; a particular region accent [dialect = grammatically different]

Sound Devices

*basic measure of rhythm one accented syllable and one or more unaccented *reg. pattern of stressed & unstressed syllables rhythm *a group of lines forming a unit of poetry a four-lined stanza

foot *composed of *pattern created by arranged stressed and unstressed syllables meter *gives a line of poetry *a repetition of vowels and all succeeding consonant sounds stanza example: quatrain *final sounds are similar, not exact slant rhyme ex: stone and one rhythm rhyme occurs at the end of lines exact rhyme *rhyme occurs within the lines *the pattern or sequence in which rhyme occurs approximate rhyme lower case letters for each sound aka ababcdcdefefgg rhyme scheme a word or phrase t *a word that imitates or suggests the sound it describes end rhyme whisper internal rhyme *poets often create words to achieve startling effects, rhyme scheme clues to the meaning *represented by Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll Twas brillig ex: a Shakespearean sonnet *the repeating of sounds, letters, words or lines onomatopoeia to help give poetry meaning, form and sound example: *repetition of phrases or sentences so repeated parts are word invention alike in structure or meaning *but they must provide *repetition of initial consonant sounds (silken sad) example: *repetition of internal consonant sounds repetition (uncertain rustling) (types below) *repetition of vowel sounds (molten, golden notes) parallelism alliteration
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consonance assonance