CSR-CSFT438 Product Description and User's Manual Rev F 20-JUNE-2011

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL
Channel Selective Tetra Repeater

Product Description and Users Manual
THIS DOCUMENT IS VALID FOR THE CSR AND CSFT438 TETRA REPEATERS

Copyright 2011 Axell Wireless Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Axell Wireless Ltd. The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in this document are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by this document. The manufacturer's liability for any errors in the document is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services. This document has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using them. The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the documentation in the best way possible from the user's viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Axell Wireless sales representative.
Contact Information
Headquarters Axell Wireless Aerial House Asheridge Road Chesham Buckinghamshire HP5 2QD United Kingdom Tel: +44 1494 777000 Fax: +44 1494 777002 Commercial inquiries Web site Support issues Technical Support Line, English speaking
info@axellwireless.com www.axellwireless.com support@axellwireless.com
+44 1494 777 747
Contact information for Axell Wireless offices in other countries can be found on our web site,
www.axellwireless.com
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Safety Instructions and Warnings

Guarantees
All antennas must be installed with lightning protection. Damage to power modules, as a result of lightning are not covered by the warranty. Switching on AC or DC power prior to the connection of antenna cables is regarded as faulty installation procedure and therefore not covered by the Axell Wireless warranty. The repeater box should be closed using the two screws. The screws must be fully tightened. Failure to do so may affect the IP65 compliancy and therefore any warranty.
Safety to Personnel
Before installing or replacing any of the equipment, the entire manual should be read and understood. This equipment is to be installed only in a restricted access location. Throughout this manual, there are "Caution" warnings. "Caution" calls attention to a procedure or practice, which, if ignored, may result in injury or damage to the system, system component or even the user. Do not perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until the described conditions are fully understood and met.
CAUTION! This notice calls attention to a procedure or practice that, if ignored, may result in personal injury or in damage to the system or system component. Do not perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until described conditions are fully understood and met.
Safety to Equipment
When installing, replacing or using this product, observe all safety precautions during handling and operation. Failure to comply with the following general safety precautions and with specific precautions described elsewhere in this manual violates the safety standards of the design, manufacture, and intended use of this product. Axell Wireless assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these precautions. This entire manual should be read and understood before operating or maintaining the repeater.
Electrostatic Sensitivity
Observe electrostatic precautionary procedures. Caution! ESD = Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive Device Semiconductor transmitters and receivers provide highly reliable performance when operated in conformity with their intended design. However, a semiconductor may be damaged by an electrostatic discharge inadvertently imposed by careless handling. Static electricity can be conducted to the semiconductor chip from the centre pin of the RF input connector, and through the AC connector pins. When unpacking and otherwise handling the repeater, follow ESD precautionary procedures including use of grounded wrist straps, grounded workbench surfaces, and grounded floor mats.
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Radiation Hazard
This equipment emits radio frequency radiation and can, if used in the wrong way, be hazardous to personnel. Here follows a description of the power densities from intentional radiators. For radiation from a general antenna, the power density (S) at some distance equals:
For the repeater CSR438, with a maximum available output power of 2 x 33 dBm (4 W), the power density using a +10 dBi antenna at 1 meter will be: S = 3.18 W / m The distance of one meter at the relevant frequency (450 MHz) is used as a minimum distance for practical exposure to the public. It is also difficult to have a developed EMF at distances closer than 1 m. According to R&TTE Health requirements referring to the 1999 Council recommendation, the reference level for the frequency range 400 2000 MHz is 2W/ m, which means that the example +10 dBi antenna installations could exceed the basic restriction levels according to the recommendations. But, for frequencies between 400 and 2000 MHz the ICNIRP occupational guideline level of exposure is f/40 W/m (f in MHz), therefore the 450 MHz ICNIRP level for the same + 10 dBi antenna at 1 m is 11.25 W/m which leaves some margin to the above repeater antenna combination. There are no radiation health issues when comparing the above real system installation radiation levels with ICNIRP numbers. However, the R&TTE requirements can be exceeded in close proximity of the antenna. For this reason the repeater is marked with radiation hazard warning.
Harmonized Standards
Equipment for use in the radio bands applicable for this product needs to be notified to the relevant national spectrum management authorities of each country where it is to be used. The notification needs to be submitted at least four weeks prior to market introduction. In this case the product is referred to as Class 2 radio equipment. Exceptions are made for the frequency range 380 383 MHz and 390 393MHz which are harmonized according to article 6.4 of the Radio Equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE) Directive 1999/5/EC. This equipment complies with the Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive) and the following associated standards.
Safety EMC Radio EN 60 950-1, EN 60 215, EN 60 825-1, EN 50 385 EN 301 489-18 EN 303 035-1
Note! Please refer to Axell Wireless for additional information and for requests for notifications to
authorities.
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References
[1] EN 303 035-1 Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA). Harmonized EN for TETRA equipment covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive. Part 1: Voice plus Data (V+D) [2] EN 101 789-1 Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) TMO Repeater Specification. Requirement specification for On Frequency Repeater for use in selected frequency bands used for TETRA mobile services. [3] ETSI EN 301 489-18 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum matters (ERM). Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services: Part 18: Specific conditions for Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) equipment [4] EN 300 339 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) [5] EN 60 950 Safety of information technology equipment [6] EN 60 825-1 Safety of laser products. Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide [7] EN 60 215 Safety requirements for radio transmitting equipment [8] EN 50 385 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of radio base stations and fixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication systems with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (110 MHz - 40 GHz).
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Features and Capabilities .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 About Channel Selective Repeaters (CSR) ....................................................................... 2 1.3 About Frequency Translating Repeater (CSFT) ................................................................ 3 1.3.1 Frequency Translating Repeater Applications .......................................................... 4 1.4 Management ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 ALC ........................................................................................................................................ 5 1.6 Signal Path ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.7 Interfaces .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.7.1 Front Cover ................................................................................................................ 7 1.7.2 External Interfaces..................................................................................................... 8 1.7.3 Internal Interfaces ...................................................................................................... 9
Site Requirements..................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Site Selection ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.1 CSR438 Site Installation Requirements .................................................................. 10 2.1.2 CSFT438 Site Installation Requirements ............................................................... 10 2.2 Antennas ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 CSR438 Repeaters (Only) Antenna Isolation .................................................................. 10
Physical Installation.................................................................................................. 13
3.1 Unpacking ........................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Selecting a Location .......................................................................................................... 13 3.2.1 Ensure Proper Cooling ............................................................................................ 13 3.2.2 Operating Temperature ........................................................................................... 14 3.3 Mount the Repeater ............................................................................................................ 14 3.3.1 Mounting the Repeater on a Wall ............................................................................ 14 3.4 Grounding ........................................................................................................................... 19 3.5 Ensure Good EMV Protection ........................................................................................... 19 3.6 RF Connections .................................................................................................................. 21 3.6.1 CSR438 RF Antenna Connections .......................................................................... 21 3.6.2 CSFT438 Donor and Server RF Antenna Connections .......................................... 22 3.7 External Alarm and Relay Connections ........................................................................... 23 3.8 Power and Backup Battery ................................................................................................ 25 3.8.1 Circuit Breaker ......................................................................................................... 25 3.8.2 Connecting the Power Source................................................................................. 25 3.8.3 230 VAC Power Source .......................................................................................... 26 3.8.4 115 VAC Power Source .......................................................................................... 26 3.8.5 -48V Power Source Connection .............................................................................. 27 3.8.6 Backup Battery ........................................................................................................ 28 3.9 Switching Power ON .......................................................................................................... 28 3.10 Verify LEDs ......................................................................................................................... 29 3.11 Close and secure the Repeater ......................................................................................... 29
Initial Setup................................................................................................................ 30
4.1 Opening an RMC Session ................................................................................................. 30 4.2 User Access ........................................................................................................................ 32
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4.3 Define Repeater General Info ............................................................................................ 32 4.4 Configuring RF Parameters .............................................................................................. 33 4.5 Configuring External Alarms and Relay .......................................................................... 35 4.5.1 Configuring External Alarms.................................................................................... 35 4.5.2 Configuring and Testing the Relay .......................................................................... 36 4.6 TCP/IP Communication Configuration for Remote Monitoring .................................. 37 4.7 Integration into the AEM .................................................................................................... 38
Modem Communication ............................................................................................39

5.1 Modem Initialization ........................................................................................................... 39 5.2 Monitoring Modem Connection ........................................................................................ 39 5.3 Scheduled Modem Power Cycling.................................................................................... 39 5.4 Communication via Wireless Modem .............................................................................. 40 5.4.1 Modem Configuration, not using GPRS .................................................................. 40 5.4.2 Modem Configuration, using GPRS ........................................................................ 41 5.4.3 Configuration via PSTN (Fixed) Modem ................................................................. 43 5.5 Troubleshooting Remote Communication ...................................................................... 45 5.5.1 Direct Modem Access ............................................................................................. 45 5.5.2 Trace Modem .......................................................................................................... 46 5.5.3 Manually Answering Incoming Calls........................................................................ 46 5.5.4 Common Problems .................................................................................................. 48
Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................50
6.1 Module LEDs....................................................................................................................... 50 6.1.1 Control Module LEDs .............................................................................................. 50 6.1.2 Power Supply LEDs ................................................................................................ 51
Maintenance...............................................................................................................52
7.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 52 7.2 Preventative Maintenance ................................................................................................. 52 7.3 Trouble Shooting................................................................................................................ 52 7.4 Component Replacement .................................................................................................. 52 7.5 Product Disposal ................................................................................................................ 52
Specifications ............................................................................................................53
Electrical Specifications............................................................................................................ 53 RF Repeater Electrical Specification Power Requirements .................................................. 53 External Connections ................................................................................................................ 53 RF Mechanical Specification .................................................................................................... 53 RF Environmental Specification ............................................................................................... 54 Other Specifications .................................................................................................................. 54
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1 Introduction
Axell CSR438 (Channel Selective Repeater) and CSFT438 (Channel Selective Frequency Translating) are outdoor channel selective repeaters that operate in the TETRA bands. The physical layout (external and internal), as well as the interfaces are identical for both type of units; however, the Repeaters operate differently and are designed for different types of applications, and as such their physical installations differ: Channel selective repeaters are mainly used for in-building coverage, as well as coverage of dead zones, shadows, or other uncovered patches within the current coverage area. They acquire their signal over-the-air from the Base Station and as such, communicate with the BS is via the Donor antenna. CSFT repeaters are designed for applications such as road coverage, rural coverage or for transferring capacity from a base station to a remote area. The capacity is transferred over a link created by two CSFT Repeaters one as the Donor (acquires its signal from the BS either via a coax connection or over-the-air), and the other repeater as the Server (distributing the signal over the remote area).
Figure 1-1. CSR438/CSFT438 Repeater
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1.1 Features and Capabilities

Supports frequency bands 380-470MHz Supports up to 8 channels Operational bandwidth: 5 MHz Duplex Distance: 10 MHz Output Power per carrier UL/DL: 1 carrier: + 36 dBm 2 carriers: + 33 dBm 4 carriers: + 30 dBm Gain (in 1 dB steps): CSR438: 55 to 85 dB CSFT438: 65 to 95 dB Indoor installation: Wall or 19 rack mount Outdoor installation: Wall or pole mount conforming to IP65 and NEMA 4 standards Power and alarm connections are inserted via the panel interfaces and connected internally GND and RF service antennas are connected externally Local setup via RS232 connection is accessed internally Ethernet and Wireless modem connection for remote management Same mounting brackets are used for either wall or rack mount (different assembly positions) Backup battery for last gasp modem indication (sending fault error before power failure) Can connect to either 110/230 VAC or -48V power (model dependent)
1.2 About Channel Selective Repeaters (CSR)

Channel selective repeaters are mainly used for in-building coverage, as well as coverage of dead zones, shadows, or other uncovered patches within the current coverage area. When there are coverage holes caused by buildings or mountains, a channel selective repeater can be used to extend coverage into the dead zone. The terrain is often seen as a limiting factor when striving for flawless radio coverage. The gap-filler repeaters can be used as a complement to the network of base stations. The signal generated by the BTS is picked up at the repeater site via the donor antenna. The repeater filters and amplifies the signal before retransmitting it at the same frequency over the server antenna. Each carrier is separately filtered, amplified and retransmitted.
Server antenna Donor antenna F1 F1 F1
Repeater
BTS
MS
1-2. Signal Distribution of Channel Selective Repeaters

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1.3 About Frequency Translating Repeater (CSFT)

CSFT repeaters are designed for applications such as road coverage, rural coverage or for transferring capacity from a base station to another area. These Repeaters provide frequency translation and signal distribution (at the new frequency) at the remote site. They are usually installed in pairs Donor Unit and Remote Unit: Donor unit translates the signal into a different frequency (link frequency) which is amplified and transmitted via a link antenna. The Donor unit can be mounted either at the base station site, where the signal is routed to the repeater via a directional coupler, or as a stand-alone unit picking up the donor signal via an antenna. Remote unit located at the remote site, the link antenna picks up the signal and feeds it to the remote unit. The signal is translated back into the original frequency and retransmitted over the server antenna.
Link antennas Server antenna F4 Donor unit RF Link Path F4 F1 Remote unit
F1
Donor Cell Base Station
Repeater units
Figure 1-3. Donor Unit Transfers Signal via Directional Coupler
Figure 1-4. Donor Unit Transfers Signal via Antenna
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1.3.1 Frequency Translating Repeater Applications

This section provides a few examples of the use of CSFT438 Repeaters. 1.3.1.1 Low Traffic Coverage The example shows coverage extension in an area with low traffic by using frequency translating repeaters. A two sector BTS is extended with two frequency translating repeaters. Both donor units are mounted at the base station site and connected to the base station via directional couplers. Each repeater has a different link frequency and transmits the frequency of the opposite base station sector, thus minimizing interference or multi-path propagation problems. A normal handover is performed between the repeater coverage area and the neighbouring base station coverage area.
F1 F4
RF Link Paths F2 F8
Remote unit Remote unit F4 F2 Donor unit F8 F1 Donor unit
BTS
Since the installation of frequency translating repeaters requires moderate antenna isolation, remote site requirements are very moderate. 1.3.1.2 Highway Coverage One two-sector BTS feeds two frequency translating repeaters, each covering an area comparable to the base station. This is a way to get maximum coverage out of the one BTS, with one connection point for transmission.
Since antenna isolation requirements are low for frequency translating repeaters, omni-directional antennas can be used at the remote sites to achieve good coverage.
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1.3.1.3 Fake site Moving Capacity In this application the BTS is upgraded with an additional sector used for feeding a frequency translating repeater to cover an area up to 20km away from the BTS. This is an effective alternative when no transmission point is available in the area to be covered. The frequency translating repeater moves capacity from the base station site to the new location.
Fake Site Donor unit BTS Remote unit
This type of installation takes full advantage of the high output power and high sensitivity of the frequency translating repeater.
1.4 Management
Axell Wireless supports several types of remote management: RMC GUI based management application installed on the computer AEM Axell Element Manager is a single source management of the entire network Command line interface via Telnet or Terminal Emulation Remote management via optional wireless modem.
1.5 ALC
The repeaters have constant gain in both uplink and downlink paths. The gain is set by defining the attenuation as described above. The maximum output power level from the repeater can be set. If the input signal amplified by the set gain exceeds the set output limit, an ALC (Automatic Level Control) loop is activated. This ALC ensures that the amplifier does not add distortion to the radio signal.
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Output Power Level
Max output power Max output power before the ALC kicks in
ALC
Input Signal Signal level that generates max output power
1.6 Signal Path

The following block diagram provides a description of the repeater signal path.
MCPA Uplink
RF Filtering Module
DAC DSP ADC LNA
~ ~ ~
Ref
RF In/Out
~ ~ ~
~
Duplex Filter
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Duplex Filter
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
RF in/out
RF Filtering Module
LNA Downlink ADC DSP DAC
~ ~ ~
Ref
~ ~ ~
MCPA
Figure 1-5. Block Diagram of Signal Path
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1.7 Interfaces
Note: The CSR438 and CSFT438 repeater interfaces are visually identical. They differ in the functionality and naming of the antenna connections. Visually the connections are identical. The CSR438 and CSFT438 repeaters consist of three types of interfaces: Front Cover includes lock and screws for securing the unit External panel connections to RF, communication and power Internal connections for local setup and power connections that are routed through the external Power connector (on underside panel)
1.7.1 Front Cover

The repeater is secured with two hex screws (M8) and can also be locked with a key. IMPORTANT: The two screws must be fully tightened. Failure to do so may affect the IP65 compliancy and therefore any warranty.
Screws for securing closed cover
Lock Figure 1-6. Front Cover Interfaces
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1.7.2 External Interfaces

The CSR438, CSFT438 Donor and CSFT438 Server repeater units interfaces are located on the underside panel and include the power, antenna, ground and external alarm connections. The interfaces are similar for all three types of repeater units, however the connections slightly vary depending on the repeater type. The following figure shows the external interfaces. GND Alarms
Donor/Link antenna connector (depending on repeater type)
Service/Link antenna connector (depending on repeater type)
Figure 1-7. External Interfaces on Underside Panel The following table provides a description of the interfaces shown above.
Port Description
Power Donor/Link
Plinth connection for routing power for internal connection (section 3.8) Connection varies according to Repeater type: CSR438 and CSFT438 Donor: Donor antenna. CSFT438 Server: Link antenna connection. Connection DIN 7/16 female connector.
GND
Grounding lug (section 3.4) CSFT438 Donor: Link antenna connection. Connection - DIN 7/16 female connector.
Service/Link CSR438 and CSFT438 Server: Service antenna connection.
Alarms
Plinth connector for routing external alarms and relay wiring cable for internal connections (section 3.7).
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1.7.3 Internal Interfaces

The following internal interfaces are relevant to the user operations: External alarm connections (optional) (see section 3.7) Power connection (see section 3.8) RS232 port used for local setup connection
Rechargeable battery pack Power and battery switches
Controller module RS232 port for local setup connection. Refer to section 6.1.1 for LED descriptions
Alarms and relay connections. Refer to section 3.7 for descriptions. AC or DC Power connections.
1-8. Box repeater with door open The following table provides a description of the internal interfaces relevant to the user. Interface Power and Backup Battery Description The repeaters can be fed by 110/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or -48 VDC (to be specified on order). The input is equipped with a surge, EMI, EMC suppression filter. There is a back-up battery. In the event of a power disruption this battery will supply the modem and the Control Module with power during enough time for the repeater to send out an alarm. The battery can be separately switched off. External alarm interface that supports four external alarm sources. See section 3.7. Provides access to RS232 port used for local setup procedure. Wireless modem - placed on the Controller module. PSTN modem installed in a separate module in the repeater.
Alarms and Relay Connections Controller Module *Modems
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2 Site Requirements
2.1 Site Selection
The repeater site shall be located where the BTS signal strength is great enough to be recognized by the system. The max repeater gain is 85dB. Assuming a signal strength of -70 dBm at the pick up antenna, a gain in the pick up antenna of 10dBi, a repeater gain of 85 dBm and a server antenna gain of 10 dBi the resulting ERP would be 35dBm. Losses in cables and other elements would change these figures slightly. Ideally the repeaters donor antenna should have line of site contact with the BTS antenna and the server antenna with the area to be covered.
2.1.1 CSR438 Site Installation Requirements

Repeater location near enough to BTS for received signal to be of adequate strength Ideally the repeaters donor antenna should have line of sight (LOS) contact with the BTS antenna. If the signal strength is high enough, LOS may in some cases not be necessary. High isolation between the antennas at the repeater site is required in order to prevent degradation of signal quality and risk of oscillation. This can be achieved by a large physical separation between the antennas, usage of highly directional antennas with good front-to-interference ratio or external shielding between the antennas.
2.1.2 CSFT438 Site Installation Requirements

These Repeaters allow for high gain without the high antenna isolation required for standard Channel Selective repeaters and provide output power levels comparable to a base station. The isolation between antennas at a site seldom needs to be more than 75dB. This value that can be achieved with a limited antenna displacement, often as low as 3 meters. The relatively modest isolation requirement allows the use of omni-directional antennas for the service area.
2.2 Antennas
Proper selection of the repeaters donor and server antennas is crucial when designing a repeater system, High gain directional antennas with good front to back ratios should be used.
2.3 CSR438 Repeaters (Only) Antenna Isolation

NOTE: This section is only relevant for CSR438 repeaters and not CSFT438 repeaters which are designed to allow high gain without requiring high antenna isolation. Antenna isolation is one the most important factors influencing the performance of a channel selective repeater. This is because insufficient isolation can lead to oscillation. This will occur as soon as the isolation is less than the gain. The recommended isolation is 15dB greater than the repeater gain. Isolation between the server and donor antennas can be achieved using one of several different methods or a combination of methods.
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Vertical Antenna separation. Grounded metal shield between antennas. Horizontal Antenna Separation
Donor Antenna
Antenna Separation Server Antenna
Repeater
The following table can be used as a guideline for antenna separation. No shielding is used and the antennas are assumed to be highly directional antennas pointed in opposite directions. Vertical Antenna Separation Separation(m) 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 Isolation(dB) 52 64 71 76 80 83 86 88 90 92 Horizontal Antenna Separation Separation (m) 5 10 20 40 80 100 140 160 200 250 Isolation(dB) 60.0 66.5 72.5 78.5 84.5 86.5 89.5 90.6 92.5 94.5
The table demonstrates that vertical separation is more effective. The physical separation between the donor and server antennas has been calculated using the following formulas. Vertical Separation: I(dB) = 28 + 40 log(D/) Horizontal Separation: I(dB) = 22 + 20 log(D/) I D Gd Gs = Isolation = Distance between donor and server antennas =Wavelength (m) =Gain of donor antenna facing server antenna (dB) =Gain of server antenna facing donor antenna (dB)
When the desired isolation cannot be achieved through vertical or horizontal separation shielding can be used. Mounting antennas on either side of a building is a commonly used form of shielding. A mast with two antennas is however more difficult to deal with. In this case metal screening with wire mesh or similar screening material needs to be used. Reflections, phase fluctuations and other variables can all affect the quality of radio traffic and on site adjustments and measurements will always have to be carried out to ensure reliable radio communication.
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL The building can sometimes be used as physical shield to create the necessary antenna isolation.
Repeater
Repeater MS BTS MS
Figure 2-1. Signal Distribution of Channel Selective Repeaters
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3 Physical Installation
3.1 Unpacking
Inspect the shipped material before unpacking the equipment, document any visual damage and report according to routines. Verify that all of the equipment (listed below) is included. Otherwise contact Axell Wireless. Checklist with delivered items Repeater Mounting brackets 4 bolts for attaching repeater to mounting kit Cable cover Keys to repeater and hex tool for bolts
CD containing Users Manual and RMC Any other specifically ordered item
3.2 Selecting a Location

3.2.1 Ensure Proper Cooling
Mount the repeater so that heat can be dispersed from it. The repeater wall mounting kit ensures an optimum airflow between the wall and the repeater itself. Do not block this air channel as it will cause the MTBF of the repeater to drop dramatically, or even in the worst case cause the repeater to fail completely. If possible use a wall in the shadow to minimize the overall sun loading. If sufficient shielding cannot be obtained, an additional sun shield should be mounted.
3-1. Example of a sun shield
NOTE: The repeater case should be closed using the two screws. The screws must be fully tightened.
Failure to do so may affect the IP65 compliancy and therefore any warranty.
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3.2.2 Operating Temperature

The CSR438 and CSFT438 repeaters are designed primarily for multi carrier purposes. If the repeaters are run at full output power over a longer period the convection cooling might not be enough. The repeaters have a power management function implemented that will step down the power and if needed fully shut down the amplifier chains until temperature has reached normal values. In situations where a repeater will be run in such a manner extra cooling can be provided for instance by putting the repeater in a temperature controlled environment or via external fans.
3.3 Mount the Repeater

The repeater is supplied with mounting brackets and can be mounted either on a wall, a pole or in a 19 rack. The mounting brackets can be used for both wall mount and rack mount installations (see figure below). Mount the repeater in an accessible location and in a location that fulfils the environmental requirements. Verify that the repeater is mounted tightly in order to prevent vibration.
Mounting bracket position for wall mounting Mounting bracket position for rack mounting
IMPORTANT! For rack installations The following operations must be performed before installing the unit in the 19 rack: External Alarm and Power connections, Verification of LEDs and Setup procedure.
3.3.1 Mounting the Repeater on a Wall

CAUTION: It is recommended that two people lift the repeater since (depending upon the configuration) the Repeater weighs between 20 and 33 kg Wall compatibility - check the suitability of the wall on which the Repeater is to be to be fitted. Plan mount - check the actual fixing centres (see below) and overall dimensions of the Repeater enclosure. The Repeater is supplied with two wall mounting brackets; when the Repeater is mounted on these brackets adequate ventilation is provided between the Repeater and the wall to which it is fixed. Plan connection cable clearances - the Optical, RF and power connections located on the underside of the Repeater will need at least 300mm vertical clearance below the Repeater to enable the connections to be made. The minimum bend radius for Optical and RF cables must not be less than the recommendations made by the cable manufacturer. Plan the cable runs and ensure adequate space is available.
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL Allow for door opening - ensure that there is sufficient space at the front of the Repeater to allow the door to be fully opened and for maintenance engineers to get access to the unit with test equipment such as a spectrum analyser. Allow an additional 500mm of space in front of the Repeater when the door is fully open. Fix bolts f ix M6 Rawlbolts or similar (50 to 75mm in length) into the wall at the dimensions as illustrated in figure 1 below using equipment as specified by the fixing manufacturer. A recommended method is set out below. Care must be taken to ensure the alignment of the four fixings. A spirit level or plumb line should be used to ensure horizontal/vertical alignment.
Hole to take M6 rawl bolt
378mm
Centre Line of MBF
189mm
189mm
368mm
Figure 2. Fixing Centres
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL Fix mounting brackets to Repeater use the supplied four M8 bolts and spring washers. Fix mounting brackets to Repeater with M8 fixing bolts and spring washers supplied
Figure 3. Fix mounting plates to Repeater
Figure 4. Mounting Plates Fixed to Repeater
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL The Repeater/wall mount brackets assembly should be fixed to a solid m wall (these include brickwork, 75m Bolt head 50 blockwork, and concrete.); (Due to the weight of the Repeater, it is NOT recommended to fix to a hollow wall). Washer Always check that there are no pipes or cables hidden in the wall beneath Sleeve/Anchor the area to be drilled. Various pipe and cable detectors are available to Figure 5 M6 rawlbolt recommended for wallmount . check this. To provide secure fixing to a solid wall, the most common method is drilling and plugging. The size of fixing is dependent on the item to be fixed and the nature of the wall, The Repeater should be fixed with mild steel,
6mm dia.
M6 (x 50mm to 75mm) rawlbolts or similar. First mark out on the chosen wall the fixing centres of the repeater (see above.). Mark and drill the wall with the correct size masonry bit as specified by the fixing manufacturer. It is good practice to wear goggles to protect your eyes from flying debris when using power tools.
Hold the drill bit against the mark and begin drilling slowly so that the bit does not wander from the position. The wall should be drilled to a depth which is sufficient to accommodate the full length of the fixing.
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL Insert the fixings so that the top of the sleeve/anchor section is level with the wall surface, gently tighten the bolt by hand so that the anchor section of the fixing expands and grips the inside of the hole. As the bolt pulls its way in, the sides of the anchor section are forced outwards, gripping the surrounding surface.
When all four fixings are in place, carefully withdraw the bolt sections and offer up the Repeater to the wall. Great care should be exercised here as the repeater is very heavy. When the Repeater held in position against the wall in the chosen position (a suitably rated heavy duty scissor lift table/trolley may be suitable for this operation) carefully insert the fixing bolts through the mounting lugs of the Repeater and into the sleeve/anchor sections of the fixing in the wall and tighten the bolts.
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3.4 Grounding
Ensure that good grounding protection measures are taken to create a reliable repeater site. Make sure to use adequately dimensioned grounding cables. The minimum recommended conductive area for a grounding cable is 16mm2. The antenna cabling should be connected to ground every 10m by a reliable grounding kit. Make sure the grounding product used is suitable for the kind and size of cable being used. Connect the repeater box bolt to the same ground.
Ground
3.5 Ensure Good EMV Protection

Caution If insufficient Electromagnetic Protection is provided, or if EMV measures are not taken, warranties issued by Axell Wireless are not valid.
Connect the lightning protection The lightning hazard to electric and electronic equipment consists in the interferences of direct lightning current infections and high surge voltages induced by the electromagnetic field of nearby lightning channels or down conductors. Amplitudes from cloud-to-earth lightning amounts to several 10kA and may last longer than 2 ms. The damage caused depends on the energy involved and on the sensitivity of the electronics systems. Ensure that lightning protection measures are taken to create a reliable repeater site. Protect all coaxial cables and power cables from the transients caused by lightning. Fit all cables with suitable lightning protection devices. For detailed information please refer to IEC 61024-1 and 61312-1 for international standards for protection of information systems against LEMP, Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse, including radio transmitters. They define proper planning, installation and inspection of effective lightning protection systems.
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The top of the mast must be higher than the antennas and be properly grounded
Antennas
The grounding path must have reliable continuity and be correctly dimensioned
Primary Protective Devices Equipotential Grounding Bars
Secondary Protective Devices Protective Device
230V AC/48V DC
Example of EMV protection for a repeater system The repeaters comply with the EN standard ETS 301 498-8 which stipulates demands on lightning/surge protection for typical infrastructure telecom equipment installations. Several lightning protection devices should be used in series with declining threshold voltages to help attenuate the pulse component which makes it through the first layer of protection. The primary protective device is part of the site installation and is not supplied by Axell Wireless. Coaxial lightning protection is normally one of these three types: Gas capsule, High-pass and Bandpass. There also need to be a protective device installed on the power supply cord.
Protective device installed in connection with the power supply
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3.6 RF Connections
The repeater connections slightly vary depending on the repeater type: CSR438, CSFT438 Donor or CSFT438 Server). Make sure that cable and connector are compatible. Using cables and connectors from the same manufacturer is helpful. All connectors must be clean and dry Waterproof all outdoor connections using silicone, vulcanizable tape or other suitable substance as moisture and dust can impair RF characteristics. Make sure enough room has been allocated for the bending radius of the cable. RF cables must not be kinked, cut or damaged in any way Connect the RF cable to the antenna tightly but without damaging threads Fasten cables tight to cable ladder or aluminum sheet For short length of feeder cables use , for longer feeder cables use 7/8. Chose thicker coax cables for lower attenuation. Minimize the length of the coax cables to reduce the attenuation Use jumper cable for easy installation. The RF Coaxial cable can be substituted at each end with a jumper cable.
3.6.1 CSR438 RF Antenna Connections

Refer to the following figure for the CSR438 RF antenna connections.
Figure 3-6. CSR438 RF Antenna Connections
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3.6.2 CSFT438 Donor and Server RF Antenna Connections

Refer to the following figure for the CSFT438 Donor and Server unit RF antenna connections.
Figure 3-7. CSFT438 Donor and Server Connections IMPORTANT! For CSFT438 Donor units that are connected directly to the Base Station, a coupler is required. See section 3.6.2.1. 3.6.2.1 Coupler Connections (only for Channel Selective Frequency Translating repeaters connected directly to a base station) Caution! When the coupler is connected the affected base station sector needs to be taken out of service. Turn the base station off before detaching the cable to the base station cell antenna. It might shut down the whole network chose an off-peak time for this installation.
Mount the coupler The connection between the donor unit and the BTS is made using an Axell Wireless Coupler. The attenuation from the BTS to the repeater is -30 dB. The attenuation through the coupler from the BTS to the antenna is minimal.
Coupler The coupler is connected in series with the BTS antenna. J1 and J2 are used for the connection of the coupler in-between the BTS and the cable to the BTS antenna.
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To Antenna Link Antenna 50dB Attenuator
7/16 type connector Cap
30dB Coupler 7/16 type connector
RF Coaxial cable
N-type connector
Base Station
7/16 type connectors, female
Coupler connections Unused connectors must be sealed with a cap to prevent the ingression of dust and water. Disconnect the antenna from the base station Decide whether to connect a filter in series with the antenna cable (between the coupler and the antenna) to prevent any disturbances from the repeater to reach the antenna Attach the coupler in-between the base station and the antenna cable. (J1 and J2). Attach the coupler connector closest to the base station to the repeater donor antenna connector via a 50 dB attenuator (>5W power handling). Attach a cap to the connector closest to the antenna connection Turn the base station back on and verify that it is operational. Seal the coupler with rubber tape. Start on the base station antenna cable and wrap to the base station port cable. Wrap in a circular motion downwards. Cover the coupler and its connecting parts completely. This will provide a weather resistant seal. Complete by adding three layers of PVC tape for UV protection.
3.7 External Alarm and Relay Connections

Four external alarm sources can be connected to the External Alarm module in the repeater (such as fire alarms or external door sensors). The repeater is equipped with an external alarm interface card. The connector plinth for the external alarms is located at the bottom of the repeater. The alarm sources must generate a voltage between 12 and 24 VDC. The presence or absence of voltage will trigger the alarm depending on how alarm thresholds have been configured in the controller software (see section 4.5). The strain relief fitting in is a Pg 13.5 suitable for a 6-12 mm cable diameter. Connect the alarm cords to the plinth according to the pin layout below (in the standard version pins 14 18 are not used).
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Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Signal External alarm 1A External alarm 1B External alarm 2A External alarm 2B External alarm 3A External alarm 3B External alarm 4A External alarm 4B Alarm +15V Alarm 0V Relay Output 1A Relay Output 1B GND NC NC NC NC NC
Pin 1
NOTE: The External Alarms connections can be protected with a cover which is screwed in place.
3.7.1.1 External Alarm Four external alarm sources can be connected to the repeater. Alarm operating voltage: between 12 and 24VDC. Alarm polarity can be configured: Active-low - when there is no voltage the alarm indicator will turn red Active-high - an applied voltage of between 12 and 24 V will cause the external alarm indicator to turn red. The repeater can supply +15 VDC to an external alarm source through pin 9 and 10. The maximum allowed load is 100mA.
3.7.1.2 Relay Relay (pin 11 and 12) can be connected to an external device to indicate an alarm. Can be configured to trigger on any number of internal and external alarms. The maximum current that can be supplied is 100mA.
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3.8 Power and Backup Battery

Caution! Make sure the antenna cables or 50 ohm terminations are connected to the repeaters antenna connectors before the repeater is turned on. Caution! Be sure a CIRCUIT BREAKER meeting the instructions given in this section is connected near the unit at an easily reachable and accessible location from the unit. The image below shows the location of the various power elements. These are described in detail in the following sections.
Backup battery pack Battery (BATT) ON/OFF switch Power ON/Standby switch 115/230 V AC power connections
3-8 Power Elements Inside Repeater
3.8.1 Circuit Breaker

The power connections to the unit are hard-wired. To disconnect the unit (either manually or automatically in case of over-current), it is required to install a circuit breaker on the wall near the unit, at an easily accessible distance and location from the unit. Circuit-breaker minimum requirements 10AT, 250 VAC Needs to be SAFETY approved Requires minimum contact separation of 3mm. Install on the wall near the unit
3.8.2 Connecting the Power Source

Power Source: 230 VAC 50 Hz, 115 VAC 60 Hz or -48 VDC The -48VDC version of the power supply is designed to turn off if the supply voltage falls below -36V (1V). It will turn on again as the supply voltage reaches -43V ( 1V). The power supply has a switch which allows it to be set in on position or in stand by.
Note!
A. In the stand by position the repeater is still connected to the power supply but not operational. B. On repeaters mounted in an extended box with two power supplies, both power supplies needs to be switched on.
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3.8.3 230 VAC Power Source

Connect the power cable to the plinth as show below: Phase linked to the brown cable Neutral linked to the blue Ground to the yellow/green. See illustration below.
3.8.4 115 VAC Power Source

Cable requirements: Cable should be NRTL (safety) approved with a minimum of 14AWG (2.5mm) per conductor. For safety, the GND cable must be 10mm longer than the Phase and Neutral cables.
Connect the power cable to the plinth as show below: Phase linked to the Black cable Neutral linked to the White Ground to the Green where for SAFETY, the GND cable must be 10mm longer than the Phase and Neutral cables.
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3.8.5 -48V Power Source Connection

Note:The -48VDC version of the power supply is designed to turn off if the supply voltage falls below -36V (1V), not to drain the feeding battery. It will turn on again as the supply voltage reaches -43V ( 1V).
-48V power supply requirements The 48VDC power supply must comply with SELV requirements, as defined in EN60950, which implies double isolation. The output power needs to be 48VDC +25%/-15%. The maximum input current is 8A. Connect the power cable to the plinth as show below: Phase linked to the Brown cable Neutral linked to the Blue Ground to the Green and Yellow. See illustration below.
Recommended cable areas for 48VDC

Distance 0 - 10 meters between repeater and power supply 10 50 meters between repeater and power supply Over 50 meters between repeater and power supply Cable Area 2,5 mm 4 mm Recommendation is to reconfigure the installation, or to make special arrangements to increase cable area
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3.8.6 Backup Battery

On the Power Supply unit a rechargeable battery pack in mounted. This part also includes charging and supervision electronics. The backup battery will provide the Control Module and modem with enough capacity to send an alarm in case of input power failure. The battery can be switched on and off. The switch is placed adjacent to the main power switch on the power supply. At delivery the back-up battery is connected. The battery is replaced by lifting the battery pack out of the crate and disconnecting the cable.
Connector
3.9 Switching Power ON

Caution! Make sure the antenna cables or 50 ohm terminations are connected to the repeaters antenna connectors before the repeater is turned on.
Switch the repeater on by using the power switches on the power supply.
Power Switch
There are two switches. One is for the battery and one is for the power
The rightmost switch is the one that switches the main power. The leftmost is for turning the battery on/off.
Note! The power switch has two positions; on and stand by. In the stand by position the repeater
is still connected to the power supply but not operational.
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3.10 Verify LEDs

Verify the LEDs from the following modules are indicating correct operation (6.1): Control module Power supply modules
3.11 Close and secure the Repeater

Close lid, fully tighten the two screws and lock repeater and continue to the next chapter: Initial Setup.
Note! The two screws must be fully tightened. Failure to do so may affect the IP65 compliancy and
therefore any warranty.
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4 Initial Setup
The initial setup consists of the following procedures: Opening an RMC Session Assigning the Repeater general parameters: Name and clock Configuring the RF
4.1 Opening an RMC Session

1. Install the RMC application supplied on the Setup CD, on the computer used to open the session to the Repeater. 2. Connect the RS232 cable between the computer and the LMT port on the Repeater Control module. 3. Run the application on your computer. 4. Select Serial cable Connection Type.
5. Click Next. The following dialog appears.
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL 6. Select the COM port corresponding to the communication port on your computer to which the RS232 cable is connected and click Connect. The Login dialog appears.
Note: Several users at a time can be logged on to a Repeater, for instance one locally via the RS232 interface and one remotely via modem or Ethernet.
7. Enter the default login values as follows: Login Name: avitec (case sensitive) Password AvitecPasswd (case sensitive).
Note: Do not use the number pad when entering numbers.
8. The RMS Main window appears in Console mode.
Monitoring sub-windows
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL The console mode displays a large number of repeater parameters and contains a number of console pages. The parameters and viewed information corresponds to the connected repeater.
4.2 User Access

There is one default user name and password defined for the repeater. (More than one user at a time can be logged in).
User Name avitec Password AvitecPasswd
NOTE: Both the user name and the password are case sensitive. The password can be changed and new accounts be added once a logon has been made. This is made in terminal mode. Please refer to the CSR-CSFT438 Command and Attributes. A user will be logged out after a configurable number of minutes of inactivity. This time can be defined via the RMC.
4.3 Define Repeater General Info

When the repeater is integrated into the Axell Element Manager the unit is assigned a repeater ID, which is a unique identifier in the repeater network. This ID is used by the AEM to keep track of the repeaters in the AEM database. The repeater can also be assigned a nickname (TAG) which can also be easily read by the AEM during AEM integration, providing the AEM operator a clear identification of the site. To assign general parameters 1. In the left pane, select the Configuration window option. And choose Product. The General dialog appears.
TAG Repeater ID assigned by AEM
2. In the Tag field, assign the Repeater a name (up to 30 characters) that indicates the location of the Repeater. The repeater tag can be locked (enable Lock TAG option) so that the tag cannot be accidentally modified from the AEM side.
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL 3. Set the Repeater Current Date and Current Time. These will be to timestamp events.
Note! Do not assign an ID. The AEM will do this automatically when the repeater is integrated in the AEM.
4.4 Configuring RF Parameters

The local setup procedure consists of verifying online communication with the connected unit, defining the repeater channels and configuring attenuation levels and DL and UL chains. To configure RF parameters 1. In the left pane, select the RF/Status window option. The RF Settings, Status and Levels pane appears.
Chain
2. Define the channels to be used: Select an active Chain (appears in blue).
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Open the Channel list and select a channel and click OK. For CSFT repeaters - set the Link Channels as well. Donor and Link channels should be similar. 3. Set the DL and UL output power levels in the corresponding fields: The maximum power level can be set individually for uplink and downlink of each channel. The level can be set in 1 dBm steps from maximum power Max to maximum power minus 9 dBm Max-9. The Max. power level depends on the number of chains used (decreases with each additional chain). The power level can also be set to OFF, meaning that no output power is transmitted out in the chain. Output power level
Note: Verify that the power levels for the inactive chains are set to OFF.
The current value can be read in the top part of this screen (36 dBm in example below).
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Current measured power level (depends on no. of chains used) 4. In Config field, select Low Delay or High Selectivity for the UL and DL frequencies. 5. In the Downlink: Verify that the Return Loss is approximately 10dB, indicating the antenna is installed correctly. (The Return Loss measures the reflected signal on the Server Antenna port of the repeater. If the value is approximately 3dB, either the port is open or check the antenna installation.). Set attenuation to maximum value.
Note: The values shown in the figure below are for example only.
Config field UL Attenuation DL Attenuation
Lower the Attenuation level step by step until the desired output power level is reached. In this example +30 dBm. (Zero attenuation = maximum gain). 6. In the Uplink, set the Attenuation 2dB higher than in the downlink path. Since the base station is more sensitive than a mobile unit there may be less signal gain from the mobile unit in to the base station (UL) than in the opposite direction. The uplink attenuation can be adjusted more accurately later on, once the drive test signal measurements have been completed.
4.5 Configuring External Alarms and Relay

This section describes how to define set the external alarms to active high or active low. You can also set the delay time (in seconds) in which a fault can be detected before an alarm is generated.
4.5.1 Configuring External Alarms

To configure the external alarms 1. In the RMC Main window, select the Configuration window option and click on Alarms. The External Alarms configuration options are located at the bottom of the screen.
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External alarms 2. In the External Alarms Configuration area, set the levels of each alarm: Active High voltage triggers alarm Active Low no voltage triggers alarm 3. Assign a description to each relevant alarm: In the External Alarms Description area, click Edit.
Assign a description to each relevant alarm (up to 19 characters).
4.5.2 Configuring and Testing the Relay

This section describes how to set the relay activation and how to test the Relay function. Note! The relay status is not affected by the login / logout alarm parameters. For installation testing purposes, it is possible to test the open / close function of the relay. This test procedure makes sure the relay is closed for 3 seconds, then opens for 10 seconds, and finally closes for 3 seconds before going back to original state. 1. In the RMC Main window, select the Configuration window option. The Relay configuration options are located at the bottom of the screen.
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL 2. The relay can be set to close or open to indicate an alarm. This can be changed by changing the polarity.
Click to test Set trigger for relay
4.6 TCP/IP Communication Configuration for Remote Monitoring

A TCP/IP communication is run over a companys network. Therefore each company needs to define the details regarding the configuration, IP addresses, etc.
Note: For more information please refer to Common Commands and Attributes, section 13 Network Configurations.
1. Select Configuration and choose Communication. The following window appears.
2. Set the IP Address method as either Dynamic or Static. 3. Set the DNS or Gateway address.
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4.7 Integration into the AEM

When the repeater has been installed at site and the remote communication has been enabled, the repeater can be integrated to the Axell Element Manager. This is done by the operator of the AEM. After entering the telephone number to the repeater, the AEM dials up the repeater, downloads all the repeater parameters and statuses into a database. When all parameters have been downloaded, the AEM configures the repeater with the telephone number where alarms and reports should be sent, and optionally with a secondary telephone number where the repeater can dial in case connection to primary number fails. When heartbeat reports and alarms are sent from the repeater to the AEM also the latest information about the status and RF-configuration is included. This means that the AEM operator always has information about the current status in the AEM database (and do not need to call the repeater to find this out).
NOTE: Once the repeater is integrated to the AEM, all changes to the repeater should preferably be
done from the Axell Element Manager in order to ensure that the database always contains correct information.
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5 Modem Communication
NOTE: This section is relevant only for Repeaters installed in stand-alone mode. If the repeater is
fibre fed and is set up as a slave- this section is not relevant since the remote communication is handled by the node master in most cases an OMU. The Control Module is responsible for enabling the power to the modem, unlocking the SIM-card, using the configured PIN-code and making sure the modem is logged in to the network correctly. Depending on network configuration and modem usage, the modem might require different modem initialization strings to work properly. This modem initialization string is set and verified during repeater setup.
5.1 Modem Initialization

After a power failure, or upon user request, the Control Module performs a full initialization of the modem. This consists of three steps: If the SIM-card in the modem has the PIN code enabled, the Control Module unlocks the PIN code. In case wrong PIN-code is configured, the Control Module will not try to unlock the SIM again until the PIN-code is changed. This avoids the SIM card being locked by a Control Module repeatedly trying to unlock the SIM with the wrong PIN code. Once the SIM is unlocked, the Control Module waits for the SIM to log in to the network. Depending on signal quality and network configuration this might take a while. The Control Module will wait a configurable number of seconds (default 50 seconds) for the modem to login to the network. In case no network is found, a modem power cycle will be initiated.
When the modem is successfully logged in to the network, the Control Module configures the modem with the modem initialization string as configured when setting up the remote configuration. The modem initialization string is a network dependent string. The default string is suitable for most networks, but some networks might require some tweaking of this string.
5.2 Monitoring Modem Connection

The Control Module constantly monitors the status of the modem connection to ensure that it is working properly, and that the modem is logged in to the network. In case the modem is not registered to the network, or the Control Module cannot properly communicate with the modem, a power cycling of the modem is initiated, after which the modem will reinitialized.
5.3 Scheduled Modem Power Cycling

In addition to polling the modem to ensure the repeater online status, the Control Module can be configured to perform an automatic power cycling on a scheduled time of the day. Power cycling the modem ensures the latest network configuration for the modem, such as the HLR Update Interval etc.
NOTE: By default, the scheduled modem power cycling is disabled.
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5.4 Communication via Wireless Modem

There are two different ways of communication for a wireless (GSM) modem: Using data call / modem connection. Note! This requires the SIM-card in the modem to be configured with data service. Using SMS to configure the repeater with simple text messages Note! SMS functionality is not implemented in this SW release.
The Axell Element Manager always uses data call communication with the repeater, why all repeaters being controlled by the AEM must have data service enabled on the SIM card. Configuring the repeater to send alarms and reports via SMS it is still possible to establish data calls to the repeater, as long as the SIM card is data service enabled.
5.4.1 Modem Configuration, not using GPRS

Select Configuration and Communication
Select Data Call Initialization string Connect times
AEM addressed are set via the AEM
2004-01-01
Select Data Call Set the modem initialization string. This string differs between networks. Primary recommendation is AT+CBST=71,0,1;\Q3. If remote communication cannot be established try 7,0,1 or 0,0,1 or 7,0,3. For more information please refer to the section on Troubleshooting Remote Communication. Tick Enable Automatic Modem Power Cycling for the modem to be power cycled once every 24 hours. Set the time at which the modem should be tested. This function ensures that the repeater always is logged in to the network.
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5.4.2 Modem Configuration, using GPRS

Select Configuration and Communication
Select GPRS Initialization string Connect times
AEM addressed are set via the AEM Configure GPRS
Select GPRS Set the modem initialization string. This string differs between networks. Primary recommendation is AT+CBST=71,0,1;\Q3 Tick Enable Automatic Modem Power Cycling for the modem to be power cycled once every 24 hours. Set the time at which the modem should be tested. This function ensures that the repeater always is logged in to the network. Click on Configure
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL Each parameter is described in Common Commands and Attributes, section 14 GPRS Configurations. Set the Access Point Name. It needs to be defined by the telecom operator Set Maximum Receive Unit and maximum Transmission Unit. These differ depending on access type: 576 for GSM, 1476 for EDGE and 1500 for WCDMA. Click on Close, and then on Yes.
Wait for the modem to restart. This can take a few minutes.
When the modem settings are ready the LED turn green.
5.4.2.1 Modem Verification When the remote configuration has been set up the communication can be verified using the modem feature of the RMC and dialling the data number. The remote communication is verified as soon as a successful remote login to the repeater has been performed. However, as a first step, it is recommended to verify that the modem is initialized correctly. After configuring the modem using the RMC, make sure to initiate a power cycling of the modem. This is done from the RMC menu.
Click on the drop-down menu Actions, choose Power Cycle Modem on Logout
An immediate power cycling is initiated after which the modem is initialized and registered onto the network. The modem is now ready for remote access. Ensure a successful configuration by observing the modem LED as described below. Note! This LED behaviour is valid only for GSM modems. Other modem types will be added in later editions. Green LED Modem Status On Depending on type of call: Voice call: Connected to remote party Data call: Connected to remote party or exchange of parameters while setting up or disconnecting a call
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL Flashing (irregular) 75ms on/75ms off/75ms on/3s off 75ms on/3s off 600ms on/600ms off Indicates GPSR data transfer. When a GPRS transfer is in progress the LED goes on within 1 second after data packets were exchanged. Flash duration in approximately 0.5s. One or more GPRS contexts activated Logged to network (monitoring control channels and user interactions). No call in progress No SIM card inserted, or no PIN entered, or network search in progress, or ongoing user authentications, or network login in progress Modem is off
Off
Verify the remote communication either by having someone attempting to integrate the repeater from the Axell Element Manager, or by dialling the repeater using the Repeater Maintenance Console. Note! It is very important to dial the data number of the SIM. In case the voice number is dialled, the call is answered, but almost immediately the call will be hung up. 5.4.2.2 SIM-card Using Single Numbering Scheme If the network is configured using Single Numbering Scheme (SNS), some special considerations apply. The repeaters are by default configured so that networks using SNS always will have calls routed to the data service in the modem. When dialling from within the network to a repeater having an SNSconfigured SIM will operate normally, since the call originator informs the system that the bearer is of type DATA. However, when dialling from outside the network trying to connect to the repeater can be difficult. Depending on the interface to the roaming network or to the PSTN network if an analogue modem is used, the bearer type can default to voice. If the bearer is set to voice, the data service cannot be converted to DATA, and a call setup cannot be completed. Note! This is not a repeater related problem; the solution is to verify how the external network interfaces handles the VOICE vs. DATA bearer type.
5.4.3 Configuration via PSTN (Fixed) Modem

Also for PSTN modems data call shall be used. Select Configuration and Communication
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Select Data Call Initialization string

ATE0S0=0
Connect times
AEM addressed are set via the AEM
2004-01-01
Tick Enable Automatic Modem Power Cycling for the modem to be power cycled once every 24 hours. Set the time at which the modem should be tested. This function ensures that the repeater always is logged in to the network.
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5.5 Troubleshooting Remote Communication

Please also refer to the document Common Command and Attributes for guidance. Since many networks have their own personality, performing first time configuration of the remote communication sometimes requires tweaking of the modem parameters. This section describes some trouble shooting techniques if configuring the repeater for remote access fails. The illustration below is a simplified schematic of the remote communication between a GSM modem in a repeater and an analogue modem. The analogue modem in the computer communicates with the Interworking Function Unit (IFU), which is the GSM network analogue network interface. The call is routed via the switch centre over the air interface to the data call number in the SIM-card of the GSM module. The Control Module is responsible for establishing connections with the Axell Element Manager, and to answer incoming calls to the repeater. As described in previous sections, the Control Module only accepts one login at a time, either via Local Maintenance port (LMT) or modem connection. Hence, when verifying the remote access of the repeater, it is important to log out from the repeater locally before trying to access the repeater remotely.
Modem
Radio LinkProtocol (RLP)
Laptop RS232
Base Station Interworking Function Unit (IFU) Control module in Axell Wireless Repeater
Switch Centre
5.5.1 Direct Modem Access

To allow for advanced trouble shooting of the communications, it is possible to access the modem directly via the Control Module from a laptop computer.
LMT Port GSM Control Module Module Laptop RS232 cable
Log in to the repeater, either with RMC, or with a terminal emulation program, such as HyperTerminal. When the login is completed, select Terminal Mode, this will give access to the repeater command prompt in the same way as with HyperTerminal. When the repeater prompt is accessible, type in the command
ACCESS MODEM <Enter>.
When typing ACCESS MODEM, the controller will send all the characters that are typed directly out to the modem port. All characters replied back from the modem will go directly to the LMT port and back to the computer.
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL To abort an ACCESS MODEM session, press three - in a row (all three within one second) to come back to the repeater command prompt. Note! When accessing the modem port the modem might be configured with echo off, meaning that the characters entered will not be echoed back to the screen. In order to enable echo, press Enter. Type
ATE1 <enter>
(invisible) The modem replies with

OK
indicating that the echo is enabled. All characters entered will now be echoed back to the terminal program.
5.5.2 Trace Modem

For troubleshooting purposes it is possible to trace the actual progress of initializing the modem. This trace is useful when having problems with the modem initialization. Go to Terminal Mode and type
TRACE MODEM
To end session type CTRL-Z
5.5.3 Manually Answering Incoming Calls

It is possible to manually answer incoming calls without involving the repeater software at all, to verify that the remote access and the network itself works as intended. In order to verify the remote communication, make sure to have someone stand by to dial up the repeater with a terminal emulation program, for example HyperTerminal. Go in to Direct Modem Access as described earlier. When in direct access mode, ask the person standing by to dial up the repeater. As soon as a call is received, the text
RING
will repeatedly be displayed on the screen. Type

ATA <enter>
This will inform the modem to answer (ATtention Answer).
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL When the connection is established, a connect message will be displayed including the connection speed. Sometimes the information comes together with some miscellaneous information, such as error correction protocols etc. Note! Make sure the remote peer dials the Data Call number If the voice number is dialled instead of the data number, or if the modem contains an illegal modem initialization string, the message
OK
or
NO CARRIER
will be displayed almost immediately. Try to change the modem initialization string. The modem initialization string mainly used to configure the remote communication is AT+CBST. Successful modem initialization strings used by Axell Wireless includes (most common first):
AT+CBST=71,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=7,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=0,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=0,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=7,0,3;\Q3
Once the modem initialization string is entered, try again to dial up the repeater. For details on the different modem initialization strings, please refer to the modems user guide. If the setup is successful, the connect message will be brought up;
CONNECT 9600
This means that an online connection is established to the remote peer. From now on, all characters typed on the keyboard will end up on the remote peers screen. Similarly, all characters typed by the remote peer will be displayed on the screen. In the example, the incoming call was successfully answered, and the remote user entered the text message.
In order to come back to modem command mode, press +++ (three pluses) rapidly (within one second). Receiving
OK
means that the modem is back in command mode. Type

ATH <enter>
This terminates the connection to the remote peer. The message

NO CARRIER
will be displayed.
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5.5.4 Common Problems

5.5.4.1 Problem 1 When enabling the remote access for the repeater, the modem fails to log in to the network. 5.5.4.2 Solution Signal strength from the donor site is too low. The signal strength can be read directly from the modem. Go in to Direct Modem Access as described earlier. Use the command AT+CSQ (documented below) to read out the signal strength. In order to have good signal quality, Axell Wireless recommends that the signal strength should be better than -95 dBm. If signal strength is lower, try to adjust the antennas to get a better signal strength from the donor.
Documentation of +CSQ command from a modems manual.
In the example the reply to AT+CSQ is 0,7 meaning 7*2 dB above -113 dBm; the modem detects a signal level of -99 dBm.
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Axell Wireless Ltd
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL 5.5.4.3 Problem 2a Repeater is configured properly, and answers the incoming call, but when trying to dial the repeater using an analogue mode, no modem handshaking is heard from the dialling modem. 5.5.4.4 Problem 2b When dialling the repeater, the repeater answers the incoming call, but no connection is established, and after a while the repeater disconnects the call. 5.5.4.5 Solution The most common cause is that the number called is the voice number of the SIM, not the data number. Therefore, make sure to dial the data number. If data call is used, the problem probably is an illegal modem initialization string. In order to change the modem string, go to the repeater command prompt. Try changing the modem initialization string and log out to let the controller reinitialize the modem. If problem remains, try a few different modem initialization strings. Axell Wireless has been successful with the following modem initialization strings:
AT+CBST=71,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=7,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=0,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=0,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=7,0,3;\Q3
Please refer to the modem manual for detailed description of the modem initialization strings. 5.5.4.6 Problem 3 It is possible to call the repeater from another GSM mobile, but not from an analogue modem. 5.5.4.7 Solution This problem is most likely related to the modem configuration and/or the configuration of the IFU unit. Try to decrease the communications speed and make sure that the modem error correction is supported by the IFU. Verify the IFU configuration to see if there are any known problems with the modem connections. 5.5.4.8 Problem 4 When dialling the repeater, or when the repeater is dialling the Element Manager, the connection is terminated before the handshaking is completed. 5.5.4.9 Solution When a repeater is answering an incoming modem call, or calling up the OMC to deliver an alarm or a report, the repeater will wait a configurable number of seconds for the call to be established. If no communication is established within this time, the call will be hung up. If this interval is set too low, the handshaking is terminated too fast. In the RMC, verify the Modem Connect Time to see that it is set to at least 30 seconds.
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6 Troubleshooting
6.1 Module LEDs
6.1.1 Control Module LEDs
The Control Module has four LEDs which provide information on the repeater and modem status and if someone is logged on to the repeater. If the repeater is configured as a system slave the two LEDs MDM Power and MDM Status do not fill any function and can be disregarded.
Blue LED - Login Quick flash Control Module switched on, someone logged in locally and/or remotely
LO G IN ST AT US M DM PW M DM R ST AT US
Off (except for a quick flash every 10th second) Off (permanent)
Control Module switched on, no one logged in
Control Module switched OFF
Red LED - Status Quick flash Control Module switched on, one or more errors/alarms detected
Off (except for a quick flash every 10th second) Off (permanent)
Control Module switched on, status OK Control Module switched off
Green LED Modem Power On Off Green LED Modem Status On Depending on type of call: Voice call: Connected to remote party Data call: Connected to remote party or exchange of parameters while setting up or disconnecting a call Indicates GPSR data transfer. When a GPRS transfer is in progress the LED goes on within 1 second after data packets were exchanged. Flash duration in approximately 0.5s. One or more GPRS contexts activated Logged to network (monitoring control channels and user interactions). No call in progress No SIM card inserted, or no PIN entered, or network search in progress, or ongoing user authentications, or network login in progress Modem is off Modem Power is on Modem Power is off
Flashing (irregular) 75ms on/75ms off/75ms on/3s off 75ms on/3s off
600ms on/600ms off
Off
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Axell Wireless Ltd
6.1.2 Power Supply LEDs

This section provides a detailed description of the LEDs and examples of faults.
Input Power +6V +15V +28V
LED 1, Input Power, Green

Slow flash OFF Power supply unit operating on AC or DC Power supply unit not operating
LED 2, +6V, Red

Slow flash (every 10 seconds) Quick flash +6V power supply operating +6V power supply not operating or operating with malfunction
LED 3, +15V, Red

Slow flash (every 10 seconds) Quick flash +15V power supply operating +15V power supply not operating or operating with malfunction
LED 4, +28V, Red

Slow flash (every 10 seconds) +28V power supply operating
Quick flash
+28V power supply not operating or operating with malfunction
Examples
LED 1 is flashing slowly, LED 2 4 are flashing slowly (once every 10 seconds) => power supply unit is operating without problem
LED 1 is flashing slowly, one or two of the red LEDs are flashing quickly
=> Input power is operating but there is a problem with some of the other voltages
LED 1 is flashing slowly, all of the red LEDs are flashing quickly
=> Input power is out and unit is operating on backup battery
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7 Maintenance
CAUTION!! Please be aware that the equipment may, during certain conditions become very warm
and can cause minor injuries if handled without any protection, such as gloves.
CAUTION!! Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type.

Dispose of used batteries according to local laws and instructions. This product is equipped with Class 3B lasers, as per definition in EN 60825-1. CAUTION!! Un-terminated optical receptacles may emit laser radiation. Do not stare into beam or view with optical instruments.
7.1 General
The system normally operates without any operator intervention or maintenance. If in the unlikely event of any unit failure, the faulty repeater should be replaced. A failed unit can be removed and replaced with a spare while the rest of the system (other repeaters) is still operating. However, the power supply of the failed repeater should be isolated from the power before anything is replaced. In the event of a malfunction in the system, the status of the antenna systems as well as the continuity of the cabling should be checked before replacing any modules within the repeater.
7.2 Preventative Maintenance

The repeater does not require preventative maintenance apart from changing the battery once every three years.
7.3 Trouble Shooting

In the event of a failure Axell Wirelesss support service should be contacted for advice on a possible module replacement or other action to be taken. CAUTION! If a shipment of a repeater back to Axell Wireless is made within the period of guarantee the original packing must be used.
7.4 Component Replacement

None of the modules in the repeater can be replaced without removing the repeater from its mounting and opening the cover of the repeater.
7.5 Product Disposal

Disposal of this product must be handled according to all national laws and regulations. For detailed information regarding materials, please refer to Axell Wireless.
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Axell Wireless Ltd
8 Specifications
Electrical Specifications
Frequency range Operator bandwidth Duplex distance Number of Channels Impedance Output power/carrier (DL) 380-470MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz Up to 8 50 +36 dBm 1 carrier +33 dBm 2 carriers +30 dBm 4 carriers
Gain CSR 438 CSFT 438 IP3 Noise figure (UL) Selectivity Group delay ALC Spurious Emissions from RF port Intermodulation Products 55 85 dB, in 1 dB steps 65-95 dB +68 dBm, typical 4.5 dB at maximum gain According to ETSI TS 101-789-1 < 12 s max (14 s at high selectivity) Time slot based < -36dBm < -60dBc (according to TS 101-789-1)
RF Repeater Electrical Specification Power Requirements

Power Requirements Power Consumption 230 VAC 50Hz, 115VAC 60Hz or 48VDC 180W, typical
External Connections
Local Maintenance Terminal RF port AC/DC input RS232 7/16 Female Plinth
RF Mechanical Specification
Dimensions (h x w x d) mm Enclosure Weight Cooling 540 x 350 x 150 mm Aluminium (IP65) 22 kg Convection
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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL RF Environmental Specification

Operating temperature Storage temperature Humidity -25 OC to +55OC -30 OC to +70OC ETSI EN 300 019-2-4
Other Specifications
Complies with R&TTE Directive including EN 301 489-18 ETSI TS 101 789-1 EN 60 950
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Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR-CSFT438 Product Description and User&#39;s Manual Rev F 20-JUNE-2011

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CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

Channel Selective Tetra Repeater

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

+44 1494 777 747

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Safety Instructions and Warnings

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

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CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

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Modem Communication ............................................................................................39

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

Figure 1-1. CSR438/CSFT438 Repeater

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

1.1 Features and Capabilities

1.2 About Channel Selective Repeaters (CSR)

1-2. Signal Distribution of Channel Selective Repeaters

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

1.3 About Frequency Translating Repeater (CSFT)

Donor Cell Base Station

Figure 1-3. Donor Unit Transfers Signal via Directional Coupler

Figure 1-4. Donor Unit Transfers Signal via Antenna

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

1.3.1 Frequency Translating Repeater Applications

Remote unit Remote unit F4 F2 Donor unit F8 F1 Donor unit

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

Fake Site Donor unit BTS Remote unit

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

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Input Signal Signal level that generates max output power

1.6 Signal Path

Figure 1-5. Block Diagram of Signal Path

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

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1.7.1 Front Cover

Screws for securing closed cover

Lock Figure 1-6. Front Cover Interfaces

Axell Wireless Ltd

CSR/CSFT-438 TETRA REPEATERS

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USERS MANUAL

1.7.2 External Interfaces

Donor/Link antenna connector (depending on repeater type)

CSR-CSFT438 Product Description and User's Manual Rev F 20-JUNE-2011

CSR-CSFT438 Product Description and User's Manual Rev F 20-JUNE-2011