Professional Documents
Culture Documents
'dkhwm0efta&;oHk;yg;
jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;
'dkhta&;
wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw
G rf rI NyKd uaJG &;
'dkhta&;
tcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwHUcdkifNrJa&;
'dkhta&;
jynfolhoabmxm;
jynfytm;udk;ykqdefdk; tqdk;jrif0g'Drsm;tm; qefhusifMu/
Ekid if aH wmfwnfNird af t;csr;f a&;ESiUf Ekid if aH wmfw;kd wufa&;udk aESmif,
U u
S zf suq
f ;D olrsm;tm; qefu
h siMf u/
EkdifiHawmf\jynfwGif;a&;udk 0ifa&mufpGufzufaESmifU,SufaomjynfyEkdifiHrsm;tm; qefhusifMu/
jynfwGif;jynfytzsuform;rsm;tm; bHk&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu/
EdkifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
EdkifiHawmfwnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifU w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;/
trsKd;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrI cdkifrma&;/
pnf;urf;jynfU0aom 'Drdkua&pDpepf&Sifoefcdkifrmatmif wnfaqmufa&;/
zGJYpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifUtnD acwfrDzGHY NzdK;wdk;wufaom EdkifiHawmfopfwnfaqmufa&;/
pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
pdu
k yf sK;d a&;udk ydrk zkd YHG NzKd ;wd;k wufatmifaqmif&u
G Nf y;D acwfrpD ufrEI ikd if x
H al xmifa&;ESiUf tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;
u@rsm;udkvnf; bufpkHzGHY NzdK;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;/
aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&;/
jynfwGif;jynfyrS twwfynmESifUt&if;tESD;rsm;zdwfac: pD;yGm;a&; zGHY NzdK;wdk;wufatmifwnf
aqmufa&;/
EdkifiHawmf\pD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;udk zefwD;EdkifrIpGrf;tm;onf EdkifiHawmfESifUwdkif;&if;om;jynfolwdkh\
vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;/
vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
wpfrsKd;om;vHk;\ pdwf"mwfESifU tusifUpm&dwjrifUrm;a&;/
trsK;d *kPf Zmwd*P
k jf rifrU m;a&;ESiUf ,Ofaus;rItarGtESprf sm;? trsK;d om;a&;vuPmrsm; raysmuf
ysufatmif xdef;odrf;apmifUa&Smufa&;/
ppfrSefaomrsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfjzpfonfU jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwf&Sifoefxufjrufa&;/
wpfrsKd;om;vHk; usef;rmMuHUcdkifa&;ESifU ynm&nfjrifUrm;a&;/
jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwD txl;tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyf
jynfaxmifpMk uHch ikd af &;ESihf zGUH
NzdK;a&;ygwD txl;tpnf;ta0;
udk Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYwGif
usi;f ycJNh yD; jynfaxmifpMk uHch ikd af &;
ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;ygwDrS ol&OD;a&Tref;?
ygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
OD;aX;OD;? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESifh jynf
e,frsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,f 809 OD;
wufa&mufcJhum ,ciftoif;
taerS ygwDtjzpfodkY ajymif;vJzGJU
pnf;NyD;aemuf yxrqHk;usif;y
onft
h xl;tpnf;ta0;jzpfaMumif;
od&Sd&ygonf/
tqdkyg tpnf;ta0;wGif
ol&OD;a&Tref;u ygwDtaejzifh
jynfolvlxktwGif;rS tajctae
rSerf sm;udk &SmazGavhvmoH;k oyfNyD;
jynfolYtusKd;jzpfxGef;aprnfhudp
t,f'DwmcsKyf
trIaqmift,f'Dwm
owif;axmufcsKyf
tBuD;wef;t,f'Dwm
tBuD;wef;owif;axmuf
rsufESmzkH;'DZkdif;
twGif;pmrsufESmzGJYpnf;rI
rEav;kH;cGJ
wm0efcH
pkd;xufckdif
aejynfawmfysOf;rem;kH;cGJ
aedik ;f
Eleven Media Group (,m,D^1059)
yHEk ydS o
f l
Eleven Press
apmifa&? wefzdk;
jzefhcsda&;ESifU*sme,fwdkuf
88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;\owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGudk
Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaehwGif &efukefNrdKY awmf0ifpifwmjyKvkyfaepOf
jzwfa&G;aumufyGJwGif 0ifa&muf
,SONf ydKif&ef a':atmifqef;pkMunf
\qH;k jzwfcsut
f m;axmufco
H nf/
88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;t
aejzihf tm;ay;0ef;&HoGm;rnf/
5/ jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESihfywf
ouf vuf&Sdaqmif&Gufaeaom
awGUqHkaqG;aEG;a&;jzpfpOfrsm;rS
wpfqihf ydkrdkus,fjyefYjynfhpHkaom
Nidr;f csr;f a&;vkyif ef;pOfrsm;jzpfay:
ap&ef trsKd;om;tiftm;pktm;
vH;k ESiv
fh ufwaJG qmif&u
G o
f mG ;rnf/
6/ Edik if aH wmfopfwnfaqmufa&;
twGuf vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf
rsm;tm;jyefvnfpkpnf;Edkif&ef?
EdkifiHa&;t& xdef;odrf;cHxm;&
onfhusef&Sdaeaom EdkifiHa&;t
usOf;om;tm;vHk;jyefvnfvTwf
ay;a&;? EdkifiHa&;t&wdkif;jynfrS
xGucf mG cJ&h aom jynfya&mufEikd if H
a&;tiftm;pkrsm; *kPfodum&Sd&Sd
jyefvmEdik af &;wdYktwGujf ynfaxmif
pktpdk;&rStjrefqHk;aqmif&Gufay;
yg&efuReykf w
f Ykdrt
S av;teufwu
kd f
jynfaxmifpktqifhNidrf;csrf ;
a&;aqG;aEG;a&;tzGJUESifhKIO udk,f
pm;vS,t
f zGUJ wdYk wkwEf ikd if H a&TvD
NrdKU Zefe0g&Dv 18 &ufESifh 19
&ufaeYrsm;wGifawGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJh
MuNyD; aqG;aEG;rItNyD;wGiaf Munm
csufwpf&yfxkwfjyefcJhygonf/
jynfwGif; jidrf;csrf;a&;azmf
aqmif&eftwGuv
f yk af qmifrw
I pf
&yftaejzifh jyKvkycf ahJ om tqdyk g
awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJodkY jynfaxmif
pktqifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;a&;
tzGJUrS OD;atmifaomif; OD;aqmif
aomtzGJU0if 13 OD;ESifh KIO tzGUJ
tzGJY\
- ucsifvGwfvyfa&;tzGJY (KIO)udk 1960jynfUESpf atmufwdkbmv 25 &ufaeYwGifpwif
zGJYpnf;cJU/ 'l0gaZmfqdkif;u OD;aqmif/ 'l0gaZmfqdkif;u Ou|tjzpfwm0ef,lcJUNyD; 'l0gaZmfwl;
u 'kwd,Ou|? OD;vrmv&drfu twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpfwm0ef,lcJU/
- 1961 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 5 &ufaeYwGif vmdI;aiGwdkufudkwdkufodrf;,lcJUjcif;jzifU KIO \
vufeufuikd af wmfveS af &;pwifc/UJ vufeufuikd w
f yfrsm;jzpfonfU ucsiv
f w
G v
f yfa&;wyfrawmf
(KIA) ESifU ucsifvGwfvyfa&;aumifpD(KIC) wdkYudkzGJYpnf;/
- 1961 ckEpS ?f Mo*kwv
f 26 &uf yxptpd;k &rSxw
k jf yefonfU Edik if aH wmfbmomukAd 'k b
mom
tjzpfaMunmcJUNyD;csdefaemufydkif;rSpwifNyD; KIO \vufeufudkifawmfvSefrIydkrdkBuD;xGm;vm/
- 1963 ckESpfwGif 'l0gaZmfqdkif;? 'l0gaZmfwl;wdkh\nD 'l0gaZmf'efjyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJUNyD;
tqdkygoHk;OD;pvHk;rSm KIO \ta&;yg;aom acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfvmcJU/. tqdkygESpfrSmyif
awmfvSefa&;aumifpD\Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJodkh ESpfBudrfwdkifwufa&mufcJUNyD; oabmwlnD
rIr&&SdcJU/ 1963 ckESpf Edk0ifbm 15 &ufaeYwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDu awGYqHkaqG;aEG;rIudk
&yfpJaMumif;aMunmcJU/
- 1967 ckESpfwGif KIA acgif;aqmif 'l0gaZmfqdkif;ESifU ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD ta0;a&muf
ygwDacgif;aqmif ocifAodef;wifwdkh wkwfEdkifiHwGif;aqG;aEG;rIrsm;jyKvkyfcJU/
- 1968 ckESpfwGif KIA ESifU AuywdkYtMum; jyemtcsdKYay:ayguf/ 1972 ckESpfwGif
KIO/KIA
oEmatmif
xkwfa0ol
EkdifiHawmforwOD;odef;pdef
\ vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifhjzifh Zefe
0g&Dv 13 &ufaeYuvGwfajrmuf
vmcJhonfh 88 rsKd;quf ausmif;
om;rsm;onf Zefe0g&Dv 21 &uf
aeYwGif owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwpf
&yfukd &efuek Nf rdKU&Sd awmf0ifpifwm
wGifjyKvkyfcJhygonf/
tqdyk g owif;pm&Si;f vif;yGJ
wGif tcsu(f 9)csuyf g0ifaom 88
rsK;d qufausmif;om;rsm;\oabm
xm;xkwfjyefcsufudkxkwfjyefcJhNyD;
tqdyk gowif;pm&Si;f vif;yGo
J Ykdjynf
wGif;jynfyowif;pmq&mrsm; t
ygt0if vlOD;a& 600ausmf wuf
a&muf c J h o nf / 88 rsKd ; quf
ausmif;om;rsm;\ oabmxm;
xkwjf yefcsufrmS atmufygtwdik ;f
jzpfygonf/
88 rsKd;qufausmif;om;rsm;\
oabmxm;xkwfjyefcsuf
1/ uREfkyfwdkY 88 rsKd;qufausmif;
om;rsm;onf 'D r d k u a&pD a &;?
vlYtcGihfta&;? wdkif;jynfzGHUNzdK;
wdk;wufa&;twGuf 1988 ckESpf
&Spaf v;vk;H ta&;awmfyBkH uD;rSpwif
tpOfwpdkufBudK;yrf;aqmif&Guf
aeMuolrsm;jzpfonf/
2/ uREfyk w
f Ykd Eikd if o
H m;rsm;onf ppf
a&;? EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'
trSm;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDqdwfokOf;rI
rsm;aMumihfqif;&JEGrf;yg;rI? ynm
a&;? usef;rma&;edrfhusrIponfh
vlr'I u
k t
00udq
k ,fpEk pS if g;ckausmf
cHpm;cJhMu&NyD;jzpfonf/
3/ ,aeYtcsdefonf ppfrSefaom
'Dru
dk a&pDazmfaqmifa&;? Nidr;f csrf;
a&;? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;wdkYtwGuf
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vrf;aMumif;ay:odYk
OD;wnfBudK;yrf;Mu&rnfhtcsdefjzpf
onf[k ,HkMunfonf/
4/ ppfrSefaom 'Drkdua&pDazmf
aqmifa&;twGuf vmrnfhMum;
wGef;tyfygonf/
7/ trsKd;om;pD;yGm;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf
a&;ESifh Edik if aH wmf\*kPo
f u
d m jrihf
rm;vmapa&;twGuf EdkifiHwum
EIe;f pHrsm;ESit
fh nDusio
fh ;kH aqmif&u
G f
rIrsm;? tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;tygt
0ifEikd if w
H umrdom;pkrsm;ESiq
hf ufqH
a&;wd;k jrihv
f map&efBudK;yrf;aqmif
&GufrIrsm;tm; tm;ay;axmufcH
oGm;rnf/
8/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;?
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;wdkYtwGuf EdkifiH
awmforwOD;aqmifonfh tpdk;&
tzGJU? jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;
om;vTwfawmf? wyfrawmftif
tm;pk? EdkifiHa&;ygwDtoD;oD;?
wdik ;f &if;om;tiftm;pkrsm;tygt0if
jrefrmhvYl tzGYJ pnf;wpf&yfv;kH &Sd jyK
jyifajymif;vJa&;tiftm;pkrsm;ESihf
udk,fpGrf;PfpGrf;&SdorQ yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufoGm;rnf/
9/ jrefrmEdkifiH'Drdkua&pDa&;? vlY
tcGit
hf a&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;wGif tm;
ay;ulnDaxmufcHaeaom jynf
wGif;jynfytzGJYtpnf;rsm;? vl
yk*dK vfrsm;? EdkifiHwumrdom;pkrsm;
ESihf vuf&SdjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;vkyf
ief;pOfrsm;udk ,HMk unfxufoefpmG
taumiftxnfazmfaeoltm;vH;k
tm; uREykf w
f Ykd 88 rsK;d qufausmif;
om;rsm;rS tav;teufwefzdk;
xm;tyfygonf/
tqdkygowif;pm&Sif;vif;yJG
wGif udkrif;udkEkdif? udkudkBuD;? udk
jrat;? udak X;<u,f? udv
k rS sK;d aemif?
udrk if;aZ,sm? ud*k sifrw
D Ykd u wuf
a&mufvmonfo
h wif;rD',
D mrsm;
\ar;cGef;rsm;udkjyefvnfajzMum;
cJhNyD; jyefvnfajzMum;cJhonfrsm;
xJwiG f taemufEidk if rH sm;\jrefrm
EkdifiHtay:ta&;,lydwfqdkYrIrsm;?
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;? trsKd;
om;jyefvnfpnf;vH;k nDnw
G af &;?
Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyJG? pD;yGm;a&;
qdkif&mtjrifrsm;? a':atmifqef;
pkMunftay: 88 rsK;d qufausmif;
om;rsm;\oabmxm;tjrifrsm;
udkajzMum;&Sif;vif;cJhygonf/
a0NzdK;
oef;aZmfxGef;
rmefol&Sdef
aMumfjimrefae*sm
wm0efcH
(,m,D^1639)
trSwf(22)? awmifjrif;NydKifuGif;vrf;?
wmarGBu;D (c)&yfuu
G ?f wmarGNrKd eY ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /Y
zkef; 400528? 400524
rStzGJUacgif;aqmif OD;qGrfvGwf
*rfacgif;aqmifaom tzGJU0if 11
OD;wdkY wufa&mufcJhMuygonf/
aqG;aEG;rItjyD; xkwfjyefcJh
aomaMunmcsufwGiftcsufav;
yg0ifcJhum tqdkyg tcsufav;
csufrSm -
jzwfoef;rIordkif;tusOf;
KIA wyfr[mav;cktxd&Sdvm/ 1975 ckESpfwGif 'l0gaZmf'efusqHk;/ KIA xdyfwef;
acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonfU 'l0gaZmfqdkif;? 'l0gaZmfwl;wdkhvkyfMuHcH&/
- 1976 ckESpfwGif r&rfb&efqdkif;u KIO \ Ou|tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmif/
- 1980 jynfEU pS af tmufwb
kd mvwGif KIO ESiUf Auyyl;wGpJ pfqifa&;udt
k aumiftxnfazmf/
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&ESifU jidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyf/ oHk;BudrfwdkifaqG;aEG;cJUNyD;aemuf
oabmwlnDrIr&cJUbJ aqG;aEG;rI&yfpJaMumif; tpdk;&bufrSxkwfjyefaMunm/
- 1993 ckESpftwGif; EdkifiHawmfjidrf0yfydjym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGJY udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifU
KIO tzGJYwdkh ig;BudrfawGYqHkcJUNyD; typftcwf&yfpJa&;oabmwlnDrI&&SdcJU/
- OD;b&efqdkif;uG,fvGefNyD;aemuf OD;aZmfrdkif Ou|jzpfvm? 2002ckESpfwGif OD;aZmfrdkifEIwfxGuf
cJNU y;D aemuf OD;vrkew
f ;l *sKd if Ou|jzpfc?UJ 2006 ckEpS w
f iG f OD;vrkew
f ;l *sKd if uG,v
f eG Nf y;D aemufyikd ;f
Ou|wm0efudk OD;aZmif;[&m;u wm0ef,lcJU/
- 2009 ckESpftwGif; typftcwfNidrf;tzGJYrsm; vufeuftyfa&;udk KIO rS jiif;qefcJUNyD;
e,fjcm;apmifUwyftjzpf ajymif;vJzGJYpnf;a&;udkvnf; vufrcHcJU/
- 2009 ckESpf Mo*kwfvtwGif; KIO 'kwd,Ou| a'gufwmwl;*smtygt0if acgif;aqmif
ig;OD;udk 2010 jynfUESpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDopfjzifUyg0ifEdkif&ef EIwfxGufcGifUjyKcJU/
- 2011 ckESpf ZGefvwGif KIO ESifU tpdk;&tzGJYrsm;tMum; y#dyupwif/
rsufESmzHk;owif; ]tar&dueft
xufvw
T af wmftrwf*Rerf ufued ;f
tygt0iftxufvw
T af wmftrwf
av;OD; jrefrmEdkifiHokdhvma&muf}rS
tquf
tar&d u ef txuf v T w f
awmftrwf*Rerf ufued ;f tygt0if
txufvTwfawmftrwf av;OD;
onf jrefrmEdkifiHodkY Zefe0g&Dv
22 &ufaeYu vma&mufcyhJ gonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHokdY vma&muf
onf h t xuf v T w f a wmf t rwf
av;OD;rSm *Rerf ufued ;f ? &S,v
f 'f ef
0I d u f a [muf p f ? *sKd ; vD b mrif ?
u,fvDtm,dkwDwdkY jzpfMuonf/
jrefrmh'rD u
kd a&pDa&;udk tpOf
wpfpu
kd t
f m;ay;axmufco
H w
l pfO;D
jzpfonfh tar&dueftxufvTwf
awmftrwf *Refrufudef;onf
jrefrmEdkifiH\ vuf&Sdtajctae
udq
k ef;ppfavhvm&eftwGuf jrefrm
EdkifiHodkY 2011 ckESpf ZGefv 1 &uf
aeYrS 3 &ufaeYtxd vma&mufcJh
ygonf/
*Refrufudef;\ tqdkyg c&D;
pOftwGi;f 'kw,
d orwoD[ol&
OD;wifatmifjrifhOD;? jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmfem,u OD;cifatmif
jrif?h jynfoYl vw
T af wmf Ou| ol&
OD;a&Tref;? EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;0Parmif
vGi?f a':atmifqef;pkMunf? Edik if H
a&;ygwDrsm;rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESih f
oD;jcm; awGUqkHum ESpfEdkifiHquf
qHa&; wdk;jrifha&;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH
wGif 'Dru
kd a&pDjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
twGuf aqG;aEG;cJhonf/
tar&dueftxufvTwfawmf
trwf *Refrufudef;onf 2008
ckESpftar&dueforwa&G;aumuf
yGw
J iG f vuf&o
dS rw tkb
d m;rm;ESihf
,SONf ydKifco
hJ jl zpfNyD; tar&duefjynf
axmifpk &DywfbvDuefygwD&JU
txufvTwfawmftrwfwpfOD;
vnf;jzpfonf/
tar&dueforw tdb
k m;rm;
vufxufwGif tar&duefonf
jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf ywfoufonfh if;
wdkY\ rl0g'udk ajymif;vJcJhNyD; jref
rmEdik if EH iS hf xdawGUqufqaH qG;aEG;
oGm;rnfhvrf;pOfudk usifhokH;vmcJh
onf/ tar&duef-jrefrm oHw
refqufqaH &;onf 1947 ckEpS u
f
wnf;u pwifcJhonf/
jynfaxmifpo
k rwjrefrmEkid if H
awmf EkdifiHawmforwOD;odef;pdef
onf 0g&SifwefydkYpfrS tBuD;wef;
t,f'Dwm Ms.Eizabeth Graham
Weymouth ESifhtzGJUtm; Zefe0g&D
17 &ufaeYu aejynfawmf&dS orw
tdrfawmf{nfhcef;raqmifvufcH
awGUqkNH yD; ar;jref;csufrsm;udk jyef
vnfajzMum;cJhum jynfwGif;EkdifiH
a&;wnfNidrrf t
I wGuf tav;xm;
a&SUqufaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpf
aMumif;xnfo
h iG ;f ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
0g&SifwefydkYpfowif;pmESifh
awGUqkHrIonf EkdifiHawmforw
taeESihf jynfyrD',
D mwpfcu
k kd y
xrqk;H tBudrv
f ufcaH wGUqkcH jhJ cif;
jzpfonf/ xdo
k Ykd awGUqk&H mwGif Ekid if H
awmforwOD;ode;f pdeEf iS t
hf wl Edik if H
jcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk
0efBuD;OD;0ParmifvGif? jyefMum;
a&;0efBuD;XmeESifh ,Ofaus;rI0ef
BuD; Xmejynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;
ausmfqef;ESihf tvkyo
f rm;0efBuD;
Xmejynfaxmifpk0efBuD; OD;atmif
MunfwYv
kd nf;wufa&mufcMhJuonf/
awGUqkaH r;jref;ol Ms.Eizabeth
Graham Weymouth u jrefrm
Ekid if \
H jyKjyifajymif;vJrrI sm;udk wpf
urmvk;H updw0f ifwpm;apmifMh unfh
aeMuNyD; jrefrmEdik if t
H wGi;f jyKjyif
ajymif;vJrrI sm;twGut
f &if;cHweG ;f
tm;udkodvdkaMumif; ar;jref;cJh&m
Edik if aH wmforwu jrefrmEdik if \
H
jyKjyifajymif;vJrrI sm;twGuf wdik ;f
jynfudkwnfNidrfat;csrf;apNyD; pD;
yGm;a&;zGUH NzdK;wd;k wufap&efqEjyif;
jyaeaomjynfow
l Ykd\qEuwGe;f
tm;jzpfaMumif; ajzMum;cJo
h nf/
0g&Siw
f efyYkd pu
f jyKjyifajymif;
vJrIrsm;udk orwBuD;OD;aqmifNyD;
Initiative ,lumaqmif&GufcJhjcif;
jzpfojzifh jrefrmEkdifiH\tem*wf
tay: orwBuD;\tjrifuo
kd v
d kd
aMumif;ar;jref;cJ&h m Ekid if aH wmforw
u wdik ;f jynfwnfNidraf t;csr;f a&;?
pD;yGm;a&;ydrk zkd UHG NzdK;wd;k wufa&;wdYkukd
&nfreS ;f csujf ynf0h onftxdaqmif
&Guo
f mG ;rnfjzpf aMumif;? xdu
k o
hJ Ykd
aqmif&u
G &f mwGif jynfwiG ;f Ekid if aH &;
wnfNidrfrItwGuf tav;xm;a&SU
qufaqmif&u
G o
f mG ;rnfjzpfaMumif;?
pmrsufESm (2)rStquf
aom Nidrf;csrf;a&;azmfaqmif&ef
a&S;I 2012 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv
18 &ufaeYESifh 19 &ufaeYwdkYwGif
wkwjf ynfoYlorwEdik if H a&TvND rdKU
wGifawGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuygonf/
(2) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh KIO wdkU
onf EdkifiHa&;enf;vrf;jzifh quf
vuf ndEdIif;aqG;aEG;oGm;rnf/
(3) aqG;aEG;Muonfh taMumif;
t&mrsm;udk jynfoltrsm; od&Sd
ap&ef rSefuefaomowif;rsm;
xkwfjyefoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/
(4) ppfa&;t&Sdefrsm;udk xdef;odrf;
oGm;Edik &f efEiS ,
hf MkH unfrw
I nfaqmuf
oGm;Edkif&eftwGuf jyemjzpf
yGm;Edkifaoma'orsm;&Sd ESpfzuf
aomwyfrsm;udpt
m;ndE iId ;f aqmif
&GufoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/
KIO ESifh tpdk;&wyfrsm;t
ar;jref;cJh&m EkdifiHawmforwu
a&G;aumufyw
JG iG f jynfov
l x
l \
k
a&G;cs,cf &H jcif;? ta&G;rcH&jcif; wdYk
tay:wGif rlwnfaMumif;? jynfol
vlxu
k a&G;cJNh yDqykd gu vTwaf wmf
twGif;odkYa':atmifqef;pkMunf
a&mufvmrSmjzpfaMumif;? xdYkaemuf
Cabinet Member tjzpfeYJ trnf
pm&if;wifoGif;&eftwGuf vTwf
awmf\oabmwlncD su&f ,l&rnf
jzpfaMumif;? vTwaf wmf\ oabm
jrefrmEdik if t
H wGi;f jyKjyifajymif;vJrrI sm;twGuf t&if;cHweG ;f tm;
udk odvakd Mumif;ar;jref;cJ&U m Edik if aH wmforwu jrefrmEdik if \H jyKjyif
ajymif;vJrrI sm;twGuf wdik ;f jynfukd wnfNird af t;csr;f apNy;D pD;yGm;
a&; zGYH NzKd ;wd;k wufap&ef qEjyif;jyaeaom jynfow
l h\
kd qEu
wGe;f tm;jzpfaMumif; jyefvnfajzMum;cJU . . .
wlnDcsuf&&SdrS cefYtyf&rnfjzpf
aMumif; ajzMum;cJo
h nf/
jrefrmEdkifiHESifh tar&duef
ESpEf idk if q
H ufqaH &;udk 0g&Siw
f efyYkdpf
u ar;jref;cJh&m EkdifiHawmforw
u tar&duefEidk if EH iS o
hf mru Ekid if H
tm;vk;H ESihf cspcf spcf ifcif&if;&if;ES;D
ES;D &Scd siyf gaMumif;? tar&duefEidk if H
ESihf oHtrwfBuD;tqifw
h ;kd jri q
hf uf
oG,&f efqE&adS Mumif;? tar&duef
tygt0if? EU tygt0ifEidk if rH sm;
u jrefrmEdik if u
H pkd ;D yGm;a&;t& wm;
qD;ydwfqdkYrIrsm;aqmif&GufcJhonf
rSm ESpf 20 ausmf&SdcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;?
xdw
k m;qD;ydwq
f YkdrrI sm;udak jzavsmh
jcif;jzpfygw,f}}[kajymMum;cJo
h nf/
tar&duefu Sanctions onf
jrefrmEdkifiHtay: xda&mufrI&Sdae
onf[k xifjrifaeaMumif; 0g&Sif
wefyYkdpu
f ajymMum;cJ&h m Ekid if aH wmf
orwu ]]Sanctions [m jrefrm
Ekid if t
H ay: xda&mufr&I ?dS r&Sd yGihf
yGifhvif;vif;ajym&r,fqdk&if 'D
Sanctions aMumifh NyD;cJw
h hJ wyfr
awmftpd;k &ujyKwfomG ;wmr[kwf
ygbl;/ wyfrawmftpdk;&u tck
vd'k rD u
kd a&pDpepfusifo
h ;Hk wJt
h pd;k &
jzpfatmifjyKjyifajymif;vJNyD; wm
0efvTJajymif;ay;cJhjcif;omjzpfyg
w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY tpdk;&tay:
oufa&mufraI wmhr&Syd gbl;/ 'gay
r,fh jynfov
l x
l u
k awmh'u
k a &muf
ygw,f/ jynfoluawmh txdem
w,f/ qif;&JEGrf;yg;rIjzpfapyg
w,f}}[kjyefvnfajymMum;cJo
h nf/
ajrmufu&kd ;D ,m;Ekid if EH iS hf quf
qHa&;udk 0g&Siw
f efyYkd pu
f ar;jref;
cJh&m ajrmufudk&D;,m;EkdifiHESifh oH
wrefqufqHa&;&SdaMumif;? oHw
refqufqHa&;rSty tjcm;EsLu
vD;,m;udp? vltrsm;BuD;aoap
Ekid o
f nfh vufeufc,
J rf;udpr sm;
ESiyhf wfoufNyD;qufqrH rI &Sad Mumif;
jyefvnfajzMum;cJo
h nf/
jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f rD',
D mvGwf
vyfciG &hf &Sad &; rnfuo
hJ Ykdaqmif&u
G f
oGm;&ef &Sad Mumif;ESihf yk*v
u
d aeY
pOfowif;pmrsm;xkwfa0rIudk cGifh
jyK&ef &S?d r&SEd Sifh pyfvsOf; Ekid if H
awmforwu ]]rD',
D meJYywfouf
NyD;awmh cifAsm;vnf; tckawGUrSm
yg/ t&iftpdk;&awG vufxufeJY
rwlygbl;/ tck*sme,fawGrSm yGifh
yGifhvif;vif;eJY a&;aeMuwmygyJ/
odYk aomf uReaf wmfapmapmu ajym
cJo
h vdk uRefawmfwYkd u 'Dru
kd a&pD
tawGUtMuHK enf;aeao;w,f/
'gaMumifh rD',
D mydik ;f eJYywfoufNyD;
wpfzufuvnf; vGwfvGwfvyf
vyfvyk zf Ykd? wpfzufuvnf; vGwf
vyfrIeJY wm0ef,lrI? vGwfvyfrIeJY
qifjcifww
Hk &m; ,SOw
f u
JG sio
hf ;Hk NyD;
pnf;urf; &SdzdkYeJY wm0ef,lrI &SdzdkY
aqmif&u
G af ew,f/ vGwv
f yfreI YJ
twl wm0ef,rl ?I wm0efcrH v
I nf;
vdt
k yfygw,f}}[k ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
xGef;[def? a'gufwma':ar0if;
jrifw
h Ykd jzpfMuonf/
tqdkygyk*dKvfrsm;udk ygwD
pnf;rsO;f ? zGUJ pnf;ykEH iS t
hf nD obm
ywdtzGUJ ESihf A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmif
tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf 2012 ckESpf Zef
e0g&Dv 9 &ufaeYwGif usif;y
aom A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ \
tpnf ; ta0;qk H ; jzwf c suf t &
wm0efay;tyfvu
kd jf cif;jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/ xdYk jyif obmywdtzGUJ
ESifh A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUudk
oifah wmfovdjk yifqifjznfph u
G frnf
jzpfaMumif;vnf; od&onf/
A[dktvkyftrIaqmif tzGJU
wGif twGi;f a&;rSL;tzGUJ udk 2012
ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeYwGif
usif;yaom A[dt
k vkyt
f rIaqmif
tzGJU\tpnf;ta0;qkH;jzwfcsuf
t& zGJUpnf;vdkufNyD; twGif;a&;
rSL;tzGJUwGif OD;Pf0if;? OD;tkef;
BudKif?OD;[Homjrifw
h Ykd yg0ifonf/
trsK;d om;'Dru
kd a&pD tzGUJ csKyf
udk EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwif
jcif; Oya'ESifhtnD rSwfykHwif
aemifvmrnfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif
0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif ta&G;cHrnf[k
2011 ckESpf Edk0ifbmv 18 &uf
aeYu jyKvkyfonfh trsKd;om;'Drdk
ua&pDtzGJUcsKyf A[dkOD;pD;tzGJUt
pnf;ta0;uuefYuu
G o
f rl &Sd wnD
wnGww
f nf;qk;H jzwfco
hJ nf/
1990 jynfhESpf arv 27
&ufaeYwGif jyKvkyfcJhaom a&G;
aumufyGJ rJtjywftowfjzifh
tEdkif&&SdcJhaom trsKd;om;'Drdku
a&pDtzGJUcsKyfonf EdkifiHa&;ygwD
rsm;rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'ESifhtnD
1988 ckESpf pufwifbmv 27
&ufaeYwiG f rSwyf w
Hk ifwnfaxmif
cJah omygwDjzpfonf/
okdYaomf ,ciftpkd;&vuf
xuf 2010 jynfEh pS rf wfv 8 &uf
aeYuxkwjf yefcahJ om Edik if aH &;ygwD
rsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya't& &uf
aygif; 60 twGif; jynfaxmifpk
a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifokdY xyfrH
rSwyf w
Hk if&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; uefY
owfcsurf sm;aMumifh 2010 jynfEh pS f
rwfv 29 &ufaeYwiG jf yKvyk cf o
hJ nfh
trsKd;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGUJ csKyf A[dk
OD;pD;tzGJUtpnf;ta0;u trsKd;
om; 'Dru
kd a&pDtzGUJ csKyfukd xyfrH
rSwyf rHk wif&efq;Hk jzwfco
hJ nf/
Pg-4
2007 ckESpf pufwifbmvIyf&Sm;rIyg0ifcJUNyD; 2008 ckESpfwGif xdef;odrf;cH&um axmif'Pf&SpfESpfuscHcJU&ol 2012 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 13
&ufaehu EdkifiHawmforw\ vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifUjzifU awmifBuD;axmifrS jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmcJUol? vli,fausmif;om;rsdK;qufudkausmfudkudkESifU
awGYqHk ar;jref;cJUonfrsm;udk jyefvnfwifjytyfygonf/
vdktyfcsufudk awmif;qdk&if;eJU
acwftqufquftpdk;&awG&JU
zdESdyfrIudk wGef;vSef&if;eJUAuo
rsm; tzGJUcsKyfjzpfay:vmcJhw,f/
tJ'gawGukd oGm;awGU&Sw
d ,f/ oGm;
awGU&Sad wmh uReaf wmfwYkdvufvrS ;f
rDovdk pmtkyaf wGzwfw,f/ t&if
Auoa[mif;rSm ygzl;wJholawGeJY
csw
d q
f ufw,f/ tMuHPfawG,l
w,f/ vkyfyHkvkyfenf;awGudk ar;
w,f/ jref;w,f/ 'gayrJh wu,f
wef;zGJUwJhtcgusawmh ausmif;
om;awGyJ? vuf&Sdausmif;wuf
aewJhausmif;om;awGyJ OD;aqmif
jyD;awmhzGJUMuw,f/ uRefawmf
wdkYuaMunmcsufxkwfw,f/ pm
a0&if;eJYpmBuJ&if;eJYtajccHausmif;
om;awGtygt0if ausmif;om;
tm;vH k ; ud k pnf ; H k ; xm;w,f /
vufvSrf;rDoavmufudk eD;pyf&m
wl&m wl&mpkxm;w,f/ tzGJUawG
udk zGJUxm;w,f/ tJ'DurSwpfqifh
vlMuD;awG tjyifrmS bmvkyo
f vJ
qdkwmudk Munfhw,f/ 88ausmif;
om;tzGJUu avmifpmqDtcuft
cJjzpfay:vmwJhtcsdefrSm vrf;
avQmufqEjywmawG&Sdvmw,f/
olwdkYrMumcifrSm ygoGm;w,f/
zrf;qD;cH&w,f/ Mo*kwrf mS ygoGm;
w,f/ ygoGm;wJh tcgusawmh
or*tvHukd vJroGm;atmifquf
xdrf;zdkY? qufudkifzdkY? uRefawmfwdkY
tJ'D &nf&,
G cf sufeUJ or*tvHukd
qufvTifhzdkYqdkwJh &nf&G,fcsufeJU
uRefawmfwdkY xGufrS jzpfawmhr,f
qdkjyD;awmh tajctaet& vrf;
ay:xGufvm&wmjzpfygw,f/
ar; - udkausmfudkudk pD;yGm;a&;
wuodkvfrSm r[mwef;wufae
pOfrSm 2007 ckESpf vIyf&Sm;rIrSm
yg0ifzYkd pdwu
f b,fvu
kd ed ;f atmif;
cJUwmygvJ/
ajz - 'DvAkd s/ uReaf wmf&UJ b0wpf
avQmufvHk;udk i,fi,fwnf;u
uRefawmfu olrsm;awGvdk ajy;
vTm;aqmhupm;wJhtydkif;rSm tm;
enf;cJw
h ,f/ tm;enf;wJt
h ydik ;f u
vnf; uRefawmfhudk pdwfrcsvdkY?
rdbawGtydkif;uvnf; tjyifudk
ay;rvTwfwmawG bmawGaygh/
uRefawmfh usef;rma&;uvnf;
odyfaumif;wm r[kwfawmh/ tJ
vdk tcsdefrsKd;rSm tdrfxJrSm pmzwf
wmawGudk uRefawmfwpfavQmuf
vHk; vkyfcJhw,f/ tdrfrSm pmtkyfpm
wef;vnf; pHkwJhtcgusawmh [dk
wkef;u pmtkyfta[mif;awG jyef
zwfrdw,f/ tJ'DxJrSm vufvSrf;
rDovdk tdk;a0r*Zif;a[mif;awG?
[dk;a&S;acwfu or*ordkif;awG?
tJ ' gjyef a vh v mrd w mav;awG
&Sw
d ,f/ tJ'rD mS ideal jzpfzYkd person
awGayghaemf/ udkatmifqef;? udkA
[def;? udkvSa&T tp&Sdojzifh &mZ
0ifawGudk avhvmw,f/ avhvm
yGJ0ifNyD; vTwfawmfEdkifiHa&;rSmyg0if
r,fU a':atmifqef;pkMunfeYJ NLD
&Sdaeygw,f/ Mum;xJrSm touf
ti,fq;kH rsK;d qufjzpfaewJU udak usmf
udu
k w
kd Ykd tkypf u
k b,fvq
kd ufomG ;
zdkh pOf;pm;xm;vJ/
ajz - uReaf wmf&UJ tjrifaygh/ uRef
awmf&UJ tjrifukd t&ifq;kH ajymcsif
w,faygh/ vTwaf wmfwiG ;f Edik if aH &;
udk uRefawmfuawmhwpfOD;wnf;
tm;jzifh pdwfr0ifpm;bl;As/ vwf
wavmrSm/ vTwfawmfjyify EdkifiH
a&;rSm udrk if;udEk ikd af jymwJh vlxt
k
usK;d jyKwhJ vkyif ef;? vlxek YJwpfom;
wnf;uswJh EdkifiHa&;? vlxkvdkuf
ygaqmif&GufEdkifwJh EdkifiHa&;rsKd;yJ
uRefawmfu pdwf0ifpm;w,f/ udk
rif;udEk ikd ef UJ uReaf wmfoabmxm;
csif;wdkufqdkifrI&Sdygw,f/ 'g[m
vnf; bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh ol
[m uRefawmfwdkY&JUpHjy yk*dK vfwpf
OD;jzpfcw
hJ ,f/ jyD;awmhoYl &UJ &ifcek f
oHudk uRefawmfwdkY 0wfrIeful;cJh
Muw,f/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd uReaf wmfwYkd
&ifckefoHcsif;xyfwlusw,faygh
Profile
trnf
- udkausmfudkudk
arG;ou&mZf - 'DZifbm 9 &uf?
1981 ckESpf/
rdbtrnf - OD;ausmfat;?
a': pdk;pdk;aomf
ynmt&nf t csif ; - B.Com.
(Hons.) 2005 ckESpf? M.Com.
2006-2007 ckESpf/
Zmwd - &efukef
vlrsKd; - Arm
ud;k uG,o
f nfb
U mom - Ak'b
mom
ausmufww
H m;jrdKUe,f? r&rf;uke;f
NrdKUe,f? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f
tJ'DvdkrsKd; Hk;awGudkwifNyD; ppfyg
w,f/ tJ't
D aetxm;rSm b,fvkd
&Sv
d q
J akd wmh vGwv
f yfru
I twGi;f
w&m;Hk;ac:wJh tif;pdefaxmif
wGif;u txl;w&m;Hk;rSm ppfwm
xufawmh rdom;pkawG 0ifawGUcGihf
&w,fqdkwJhtcsufwpfcsufyJ ydk
wm&Sdw,f/ usefwmuawmh bm
udkrSckcHacsycGifhudkvnf; qkyfqkyf
udik u
f ikd rf jyEdik w
f o
hJ abmAs/ ud,
k hf
zufu a&SUaeajymwmrSeforQudk
vnf;y,fcswmrsm;NyD;awmh w&m;
vdka&SUaejzpfwJh tpdk;&a&SUaeajym
wJh[mawGudk rSef\rrSef\ rpOf;
pm;bJeJY w&m;olMuD;&JU qHk;jzwfrI
awG a wG U &S d & w,f A s/ 'gawG u
awmh w&m;pD&ifa&;pepf&JU tm;
enf;csufawGyJ/ w&m;pD&ifa&;&JU
txufrSm wpfpHkwpf&m&Sdaew,f
vdkYawmh uRefawmfwdkYcHpm;vdkuf&
w,f/ tJ'w
D ek ;f u tajctaeawG
aygh/ 'gayr,fhtckawmh tm;vHk;
jyefvGwfvmMuygNyD/
ar; - vGwfvmcJUNyD;wJUaemufydkif;
tajctaeeJyh wfoufvhkd ar;csiyf g
w,f/ wpfzufrmS u vlxek ,
hJ OS w
f UJ
vlxkEdkifiHa&;udk tm;oefw,fqdk
wJUudkrif;udkEdkifeJh 88 rsKd;quf
ausmif;om;tkypf &k adS eygw,f/ wpf
zufrSmawmU Mum;jzwfa&G;aumuf
EdkifiHjcm;aiGvkyfudkifcGifU&yk*vdubPfav;ck
jynfyEkdifiHrsm; bPfHk;cGJrsm;zGifUvSpfEdkifrIr&Sdao;
vwfwavmwGif jynfyEkid if H
rsm; bPfcGJzGifhvSpf&ef yk*vdu
bPf a v;ck u &&S d o nf q d k a om
owif;rsm;jzpfay:aeNyD; tqdkyg
owif;rrSefuefaMumif; uarmZ
bPf'kwd,Ou| OD;oef;vGifu
ajymMum;cJhonf/
]]tckavmavmq,frmS jynf
yEdkifiHawGrSm udk,fpm;vS,fbPf
awGziG Ehf ikd zf YkdppD Ofaewke;f yJ&ydS gao;
w,f/ EdkifiHjcm;rSm bPfcJGoGm;zGifh
cGifhr&ao;ygbl;/ A[dkbPfu
vnf; zGifhcGifhray;ao;ygbl;/ O
yrm'DubPfwpfcu
k jynfyEkid if H
rSm oGm;zGifhvdkufr,fqdk&if tJ'Du
bPfudk'DrSmjyefzGifhcGifhay;&rSmyg/
bPfvkyfief;qdkwmu tjyeft
vSefoGm;&wJh oabm&Sdygw,f/
wpfck&Sdwmu MFTB wdkY MICB
wdYk q&kd ifawmh olwYkd rmS [drk mS Correspondent Bank awG&SdNyD;om;
qdkawmh olwkdYuzGifhr,fqdk&ifjzpf
Ekdifygao;w,f/ tck yk*vdu
bPfawGtaeeJYawmh ESpfaygif;
50 avmufaemufususefcw
hJ mudk
tckrt
S pysK;d ae&wJt
h aetxm;rsK;d
jynfwGif;txnfcsKyfvkyfief;cGifwpfckudkawGY&pOf
vkyfom;tiftm;aygrsm;jcif;wdkY
aMumifh 1995 ckESpfrS 2000 jynfh
ESpftwGif; jynfyrSatmf'grsm;pGm
&&SdcJhaomfvnf; 2003 ckESpfrSp
wif tar&duefp;D yGm;a&;ydwq
f Ykd
onfhjyem&yfaMumifh tqdkyg
ESpt
f wGi;f txnfcsKyfvyk if ef;wpf
&mausmfcefYuykd w
d o
f rd ;f cJ&h aMumif;
od&onf/ ]]pD;yGm;a&;ydwq
f Ykd raI wG
rjzpfcifwkef;uawmh tar&dueJY
Oa&myEdkifiHawGudktrsm;qHk;wifydkY
ay;cJ&h NyD; 2003 ckEpS af emufyikd ;f rSm
awmhtm&SEikd if aH wGeYJ tmz&duEdik if H
awGuakd jymif;NyD;wifyYkdc&hJ w,f/ tJ
'Daps;uGux
f rJ mS tm&SEikd if w
H pfcjk zpf
wJ*h syefEikd if u
H awmhpnf;urf;wif;
usyfwmwdkY? ppfaq;rIrsm;jym;wm
wdkYeJYtxnfcsKyfcenf;wmaMumifh
jynfwGif;vkyfief;&SifawGu*syef
atmf'gxnfawGuckd sKyzf Ykdpw
d 0f ifpm;
rIenf;cJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh tar&d
uefaps;uGufr&Sdawmhwm&,f? t
jcm;Oa&myEdkifiHawGvdkydwfqdkYrIr&Sd
wmawGeYJjrefrmEdik if u
H txnfawG
udkvdkvdkvm;vm;vufcHvmwJht
wGuf *syefatmf'gawGudk wjznf;
jznf;prf;csKyf&if;uae *syefEdkifiH
tBudKuft&nftaoG;jrifhjrifh? t
rSm;t,Gif;enf;enf;eJYcsKyfEdkifcJh
wmaMumifh 2010 jynfhESpf ESpf
v,fydkif;upNyD; *syefeJYudk&D;,m;
Edik if aH wGutyfxnfawGtrsm;tjym;
&&SdcJhw,f/ vuf&SdtajctaerSm
awmh *syefEdkifiHutjcm;EdkifiHawG
xufatmf'gvufc&H &Srd yI rkd rkd sm;jym;
aeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tjcm;EdkifiH
awGrmS &Sw
d v
hJ yk if ef;awGeYJEiId ;f ,SO&f if
awmh jynfwGif;txnfcsKyfvkyf
ief;awG&UJ tm;enf;csuu
f vQypf pf
rD;tajctaeeJYpufa[mif;awGudk
oH;k ae&wJt
h ajctaerSmyJ&ydS gao;
w,f}}[k jrefrmEdkifiHtxnfcsKyf
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;rSwm0ef&Sd
olwpfOD;u &Sif;jyygonf/
txnfcsKyfvyk if ef;rsm;onf
urmh0,fvufrsm;? EdkifiHwumt
jynfwGif;yk*vdubPfwpfckjzpfaom ,lEkdufwuftr&mbPf\vkyfief;cGifwpfcktm;awGY&pOf
tm;vH k ; uk d 2012ck E S p f t wG i f ;
csdwfqufoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; 2011
ckEpS f Ek0d ifbmvu pwifxw
k af y;
xm;aomatwDtrfuwfrsm;tjyif
Debit uwfESihf Credit uwfpepf
rsm;ukdvnf; toHk;jyKEkdif&efjyif
qifxm;aMumif; od&ygonf/
taMu;G 0,fuwfjym;rsm;onf
bPfrsm;\t"duvkyif ef;jzpfonhf
tyfaiGvufcHjcif;ESihfaiGxkwfacs;
jcif;wkYu
d w
dk pfNyKd ief ufwnf;taumif
txnfazmfaompepfwpf&yfjzpf
onf/xkYd jyiftcku
d t
f wefYaiGaMu;
vkt
d yforl sm;ukd 0efaqmifraI y;Ekid f
aompepfwpf&yfjzpfNy;D tyfaiGvufcH
olESihf aiGacs;olwpfNydKifwnf;
&Ekdifaom vufvDbPfvkyfief;
pepfjzpfaMumif; bPfvkyfief;
uRr;f usio
f rl sm;uajymMum;onf/
atwDtrfuwftygt0if
xnfurk P
rD sm;ESit
hf xnfcsKyv
f yk f
ief;rsm;\oH;k yGiq
hf ikd u
f ek x
f w
k v
f yk f
rI(Triangular Manufacturing)o
abmw&m;t&vkyfief;rsm;csdwf
qufvsuf&SdaerIaMumifh jrefrm
EdkifiHtxnfcsKyfvkyfief;&Sifrsm;
toif;rSvnf; vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;
tjrpfzUHG NzdK;a&;pifwmudt
k oif;0if
tcsKyfvkyfief; 75 Hkyl;aygif;um
zGiv
hf pS x
f m;aMumif; od&onf/ xdk
pifwmrS jrefrmhtxnfrsm;t&nf
taoG;jrifrh m;apa&;twGuf enf;
ynmqdik &f mA[kow
k rsm;udk Semi
-nar ESifhtao;pm;okawoejyyGJ
rsm; jynfyrStxnfcsKyfynm&Sif
rsm;jzifhjyKvkyfum pufHkrsm;wGif
jzpfavh&Sdaom Puckering ydwf
wGeUf jcif;ponfh csKyf;kd csKyfaMumif;
rvSaomjyifxnfrsm;udw
k Yk jH yefajz
&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf okawoejyyGJ
rsm;udkpDpOfjyKvkyfcJhaMumif; od&
onf/
tqd k y g Seminar rsm;od k Y
jynfwGif;txnfcsKyfvkyfief;rsm;
&Sd Supervisor ESiphf ufjyifrsm;wuf
a&mufrI&SdMuNyD;? NyD;cJhonfh 2011
ckESpf 'DZifbmvtwGif;u *syef
Edik if H txnfcsKypf ufw
kH nfaxmif
cJhzl;ol Mr.YOSHIT u pufnd
jcif;ESiyhf wfoufonft
h ajccHoabm
w&m;rsm;udkvma&muf&Sif;vif;
ajymMum;rIrsm;jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdkY
tjyiftxnfcsKyfvkyfief;rsm;zGHU
NzdK;wdk;wuf&ef&nfG,f ,if;
pifwmrStajccHpufcsKyfoifwef;
rsm;udkzGifhvSpfcJhNyD; toif;0ifpuf
Hkrsm;rSvlopfrsm;? tulvkyfom;
rsm;vma&mufwufa&mufr&I cdS o
hJ nfh
tjyif&yfa0;rS vmwufa&mufol
rsm;yg&Scd NhJ yD; tvsO;f oif&h mtxnf
csKyfpufHkrsm;odkYjyefvnftvkyf
0ifMuaMumif; od&onf/
&wemOD;
ukeo
f ,
G rf v
I yk if ef;rsm;ajzavQmrU EI iS yUf wfouf
rlq,ferfUcrf;ukefonfrsm;toif;rS
tcsufig;csufudkwifjyxm;
e,fpyfa'o&Sd ydkYukefoGif;
ukefvkyfief;rsm;tqifajyacsmarGU
ap&efESifh ukefoG,frIvkyfief;rsm;
ajzavQmhay;a&;twGuf rlq,ferhfcrf;ukefonfBuD;rsm;toif;rS
jynfaxmifpo
k rwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf
ukefonfrsm;ESifhpufrIvufrIvkyf
ief;&Sirf sm;toif;csKyo
f Ykdwifjyxm;
aMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
tqdkygtcsufig;csufwGif
oGi;f ukeyf pn;f rsm;vdik pf ifavQmuf
xm;&mwGif aps;EIef;rsm;tywfpOf
jrifhwufaejcif;yg0ifNyD; txl;o
jzifu
h ek Mf urf;ypn;f ? vQypf pfypn;f ?
pufypnf;rsm;yg0ifaMumif;? t
vm;wl oGif;ukefydkif;wGifvnf;
vdik pf ifaps;EIe;f rsm;jrifw
h ufaejcif;
aMumifh w&m;r0ifarSmifcdkukef
oG,frIrsm;&SdaeaMumif;? ,cifydkY
ukew
f iG u
f ek o
f ,
G cf eG f 8 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ?
tjrwfcGef 2 &mcdkifEIef;aumufcH
pOfuw&m;r0ifuek o
f ,
G rf rI sm;&Scd hJ
aomfvnf; ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGef
uif;vGwcf iG ahf y;ojzifh ydYk uek v
f yk f
ief;rsm; w&m;0ifvrf;aMumif;
ay:odYk jyefa&mufvmonfukd awGU
&aMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/
tvm;wl rlq,f 105 rdkif
ukeo
f ,
G af &;ZkeEf iS yhf wfoufrl *dk
a'gifrsm;wGifypnf;rsm;odkavSmif
xm;&SdrItm; oGif;ukefydkYukefcGJjcm;
rIr&SdbJ odkavSmifxm;cGifhjyK&ef
rlq,f 105 rkdif ukefoG,fa&;Zkef
wnfaqmufpOfuydYk uek o
f iG ;f ukef
odak vSmifxm;rItm;cGjJ cm;xm;jcif;
r&Sdaomfvnf; ,cktcgydkYukefodk
avSmifonfhae&m? oGif;ukefodk
ta<u;0,fuwfrsm;ukd 1994
ckESpfrS 2003ckESpftxd yk*vdu
bPfrsm;u0efaqmifraI y;cJzh ;l NyD;
2003ckEpS w
f iG f yk*v
u
d bPfrsm;
wGijf zpfay:cJah omaiGaMu;tusyf
twnf;aMumihf ydwo
f rd ;f cJo
h nf/
xkYdaemufA[kb
d Pf\cGijfh yKcsujf zihf
2011ckEpS f Ek0d ifbmvrSpwifum
jyefvnftoH;k jyKEidk cf jhJ cif;jzpfonf/
pnfoal tmif
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
14/
tjrpfrsm;xdef;odrf;Ekdif&eftwGuf
water policy rsm;&Sdaomfvnf;
jrefrmEkdifiHrl a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;
umuG,fxdef;odrf;Ekdif&eftwGuf
Myanmar National Water Policy
wpfurmvHk;qdkif&m a&t&if;tjrpfydkifqkdifrItajctae(xkxnfyrmP)
jyefvnfjznfUwif;Ekdifaom ajratmufa& ajrjyifay:&Sda&yrmP jynfvnfjznfUwif;Ekdifaom
a&t&if;tjrpf
a&t&if;tjrpf a&t&if;tjrpf
a&t&if;tjrpf
b&mZD;vf
5418
1874
5418
8233
k&Sm;
4312 .7
788
4036 .7
4507 .25
tar&du
2818 .4
3069 .4
uae'g
2850
370
2840
2902
wkwf
2879 .4
832 .8
2774 .5
2896 .57
tif'dkeD;&Sm;
2838
455
2793
2838
udkvHbD,m
2112
510
2112
2132
tar&duef
2000
1300
1862
2071
yDl;
1616
303
1616
1913
tdEd,
1260 .54
418 .54 1222
1907 .76
uGe*f kd
900
421
899
1283
AifeDZGJvm;
722 .45
227
700.14
1233 .17
b*Fvm;a'U&Sf
105
21 .09
83.91
1210 .64
jrefrm
880 .6
156
874.6
1045 .6
a&udb
k ,fv&kd ,lrvJ? b,fvpkd rD H
cefYcGJrvJ? a&eJYywfoufwJhu@
awG a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufzdkYqdk&if
'D t wd k i f ; aevd k Y r &bl ; / Water
Policy &S&
d r,f/ &Sad eNyD;om;t&if;
tjrpfawGudk Oya'awGjyXmef;NyD;
xdef;odrf;zdkYvdkw,f/ bmaMumifh
'DvdkcsrSwfzdkYvdkvJqdk&if vuf&Sd
jrefrmEkdifiHrSma&csdKa&aumif;u
quality a&mquantity ygusvmNyD/
'gawG[mxdef;odrf;zdkYvdkaeygNyD}}
[kvnf; qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS
tNidr;f pm;nTeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyfwpf
rsufESmzHk;owif; ]jrefrmEkdifiH
v,form;rsm;xHryS *k v
u
d ukrP
D
odkhvTJajymif;ay;aom . . .}rStquf
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ,ckESpfrsm;
twGif; v,f,majr{utenf;
i,fomvkyfukdifaom v,form;
rsm;xHrS yk*vdu ukrPDrsm;odkY
vTJajymif;ay;aomajr{utus,f
t0ef;wd;k wufvmaMumif;od&onf/
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif EkdifiHvlOD;a&
\ 70 &mcdkifEIef;onf v,f,m
pdu
k yf sK;d a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyu
f idk f
aeMuonf/ 2010 jynfhESpftxd
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif jrefrmyk*v
duykdif
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; 216 cktm;
w&m;0if vkyfukdifcGifhjyKaom e,f
ajr{&d,mtus,ft0ef; pkpak ygif;
rSm {u 1 'or 75 oef;eD;yg;
&Sdum trsm;qkH;rSmweoFm&Dwdkif;
a'oBuD;jzpfNyD; 'kwd,trsm;qkH;
rSmucsijf ynfe,fjzpfonf/ tjcm;
aomjynfe,fESihf wkdif;a'oBuD;
rsm;vnf; v,f,majrESihf quf
pyf &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm;0ifa&muf
aeonf[k od&Sd&onf/
]]ajrvGwaf jrdik ;f awGuu
dk rk P
D
wcsKdUeJY vlyk*KdvfwcsKdUu OD;ykdif
vufO;D rI&atmifvufawGUrSm pdu
k f
ysKd;arG;jrLrIrvkyfbJeJY OD;ykdiftrnf
cHNyD;awmhajr&SiBf uD;pepfjzpfaejcif;
pwJhtm;enf;csufawG uRefawmf
wdkYawGU&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY
e,fawGrSmqdk&ifvnf; yk*vdu
wpfOD;udk v,f{u 50? 100 ydkif
NyD;awmhrS BudK;jyifawm? opfawm
BudK;0dkif;eJYeD;pyfwJhae&mawGrSm
v,fOD;ydkifcHwmyJ/ bmrSvnf;
rvkyfbl;/ 'DpepfawG[m Oya'
Murf;twnfjyKcsufcsrS ol[m
atmfwdkrufwpf ajr&SifjzpfzdkY&Sdyg
w,f}}[k {&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD;
bd k u av;Nrd K Ue,f r S awmif o l
OD;tkef;<u,fu ajymMum;onf/
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif v,f,majr
tMuHay;jzpfol OD;aZmf0if;
uvnf; ]]jrefrmEkdifiHrSm ywf0ef;
usifxdef;odrf;a&;eJY ywfouf
NyD;Oya'jyXmef; zdYkvyk af eMuw,f/
'DvOkd ya'jyXmef;&m rSmyJjzpfjzpfajr
ay:vpD? a&ay:vpDawGxnfo
h iG ;f
pOf;pm;oifhw,f/ ajray:vpDu
rlMurf;tqifyh &J adS eao;w,f/ ajr?
a&ay:vpDr&Sb
d v
J yk &f iftaH csmw
f wf
w,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm a&oefYu
wpfaeYwpfjcm; &Sm;yg;vmw,f/
a&t&nftaoG;qd&k ifvnf; WHO
standard yJ&Sdw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHt
qifhowfrSw fwmrsdK;rawGU&ao;
bl;/ tmqD,EH idk if aH wGxrJ mS vnf;
water policy r&Sdao;wm jrefrm
EkdifiHyJ&Sdw,f/ uarm'D;,m;?vm
tdkwdkYrSmawmif&Sdw,f/ urmeJYyJ
,SO,
f OS ?f a'owGi;f Ekid if aH wGy,
J OS f
,SOf udk,fhEdkifiH&JUvuf&Sda&t&if;
tjrpfawG[m xdef;odrf;zdkYtwGuf
a&t&if;tjrpfxed ;f odr;f a&;tzGUJ awG
aumfrwDawGzUJG pnf;NyD; aqmif&u
G f
oifyh gw,f}}[kvnf;ajymjycJo
h nf/
tvm;wl a&ESiyhf wfoufNyD;
uRr;f usio
f w
l pfO;D uvnf; ]]jrefrm
Ekid if u
H puft
kH vkyf ?kH t&ufcsuf
pufHkpwmawGuxGufwJha&qdk;
awGujkd rpfacsmif;xJuw
kd u
kd f u
kd pf eG Yf
ypfMuw,f/ 'Dawmh jrpfacsmif;xJ
ua&t&nftaoG;udx
k cd u
kd w
f ,f/
'gawGux
kd x
d ad &mufa&muf[efYwm;
EkdifzdkYvdkw,f/ a&o,HZmwawG
xdef;zdkYvdkaeovdk &moDOwkawG
ajymif;vJaeawmh a&BuD;rIawG
vnf;jzpfyGm;vmw,f/ a&eJYywf
oufwJhobm0ab;awGtwGuf
owd? jyifqif? tqifoifhtae
txm;jzpfaezdYkvykd gw,f}}[kvnf;
pmwrf;&Sifu oHk;oyfajymMum;
oGm;cJhonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif a&udkv,f
,mpdu
k yf sdK;a&;u@ t"duoH;k pGJ
vsu&f o
dS nfjzpf&m pm;eyf&u
d m ESihf
pdkufysdK;a&;tzGJU\pm&if;rsm;t&
2000 jynfhESpftwGif;u a&toHk;
csrIpkpkaygif;\ 91 &mcdkifEIef;udk
v,f,mu@twGuf toHk;jyK
vsu&f o
dS nfuakd wGU&aMumif;? puf
rIvufrIu@twGuf oHk;pGJonfh
yrmPrSm 3 &mcdkifEIef;ESifhaomuf
oHk;a&twGuf 6 &mcdkifEIef;om&Sd
aMumif;vnf;od&onf/ eD v m
awmawGukd vufvGwfqkH;IH;ae&
wmudkvnf; awGUjrifae&NyDjzpfyg
w,f}}[k&rS ;f jynfe,f uGwcf idk Nf rdKUrS
OD;pdik pf rfcrf;u ajymMum;ygonf/
]]t*Fvdyfvufxuf ajr,m
rSwfykHwifpepfqdkwmudk pw,f/
ajrykq
H w
JG ,f? aumufw,f? vkycf hJ
Muw,f/ okdYaomf wkdif;&if;om;
a'oawGrmS awmha'otBuD;tuJ
awGuyJ qufNyD;awmh olwdkYo
abmw&m;eJYolwdkY tcGefaumuf?
tJ'&D wJt
h cGeaf umufxu
J rS tcGef
oGif;qdkwJh pepf&SdcJhygw,f/ olwdkY
&JU ydik q
f ikd rf [
I m tck vGwv
f yfa&;
vnf;&NyD? bk&ifpepfvnf;r&Sd
awmhbl;/ 'DacwfrSm 'DajrawG[m
Ekid if aH wmfuykid w
f ,fqw
kd m&Sw
d ,f/
ajr,mrSwyf w
Hk if[mwkid ;f &if;om;
awGqDrSm jynfhjynfh00r&bl;/
uRefawmfwdkY 'Dawmifwef;a'o
awGrSm ajr,mrSwfykHwifjcif;t
ouf0ifrIuar;cGef;xkwfp&mawG
&Sdw,f}}[k OD;0if;rsKd;ol (Eco
Dev)u ajymMum;cJhygonf/
ucsifjynfe,fwGif ukrPD
11 ckonf {u 400000 eD;yg;
vkyu
f ikd cf iG &hf &Scd NhJ yD; xuf0ufcefYrmS
[l;aumif;a'orS yavmyDeHpdkuf
cif;twGufjzpfonf/ ucsifjynf
e,f vkyfief;vkyfukdifcGifhjyKcsuf
14 ckxkwfay;xm;um ajr{u
600000 eD;yg;&SdNyD; &Srf;jynfe,f
ajrmufykdif;wGif ukrPD 17 cktm;
ajr{u 50000 ausmf vkyfydkifcGihf
ay;xm;onf/
vkyu
f idk cf iG jhf yKjcif;trsm;pkrSm
jynfwGif;ukrPDrsm;udk cGihfjyKjcif;
jzpfNyD; oufqdkif&m jrefrmukrPD
onf jynfyrS &if;ESDS;jrKyfESHrIudk&
,laeum jynfyrSvyk if ef;rsm;tm;
100 &mcdkifEIef;pdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;
rsm;vkyfukdifcGifhjyK&efpDpOfaeonf
[k od&Sd&onf/ 2010 jynfhESpf
{NyDvwGif AD,uferfEkdifiHu &ckdif
jynfe,f a&mfbm{u 120000
pdu
k yf sK;d &efvyk yf ikd cf iG &hf &Scd NhJ yD; jrefrm
EkdifiHajrmufykdif; wkwfEdkifiHrS
&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS jI zifh a&mfbmpdu
k yf sKd;rI
udk aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
NyD ; cJ h o nf h 'k w d , tBud r f
jynfoYlvw
T af wmftpnf;ta0;wGif
v,f,majrESiyhf wfoufonfh Oy
a'Murf;ESifh ajrvGwfajrdkif;ESihf
ywfoufaomOya'Murf;wdkYudk
wifoGif;xm;aMumif;vnf; od&dS
&ygonf/
jzLEk
OD;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
qufvufNyD; ARDC (Agri
-business and Rural Development rS
7
2011ckESpftwGif; jrefrmUtmrcHvkyfief;wGif
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;twGif; obm0"mwfaiGo
Y kH;"mwftm;ay;pufkHwpfkHESifU
tmrcHxm;&Srd w
I ;kd cJNU y;D avsmaf Mu;ay;&rIavsmu
U s weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;twGif; avtm;vQyfppfpufkHwpfkH wnfaqmufEdkif&efpDpOf
2011ckESpfwGif jrefrmhtmrcH
vkyfief;onf tmrcHxm;&SdrIEIef;
rsm; wdk;wufcJhNyD; avsmfaMu;jyef
vnfay;acs&rItaetxm;wGif
avsmhenf;cJhaMumif; jrefrmhtmrcH
vkyif ef;taxGaxGrefae*sm a'guf
wmarmifarmiford ;f u ajymygonf/
tmrcHxm;&Srd t
I ajctaewGif
obm0ab;tE & m,f r sm;? rD ;
ab;tE&m,frsm;ponfjzifrh arQmf
rSe;f Edik af om ab;tE&m,frsm;BuHK
awGUvm&jcif;ESifhtwl pD;yGm;a&;
vkyif ef;rsm;?ukrP
rD sm;?bPfrsm;rS
vnf; tmrcHtumtuG,frsm;
ydrk jkd yKvkyv
f mMuNyD; 0ifaiG&&Srd yI ikd ;f
wGiv
f nf;wd;k wufcah J Mumif;od&onf/
]]'DESpfxJrSm wmavivsif?
yckuLa&ab;pwJhobm0ab;
tE&m,fawG?rD;avmifrIawG&SdcJh
ayr,fh tmrcHxm;&SdrIr&SdwJhtajc
taeawGaMumifh avsmaf Mu;ay;acs
&rI avsmeh nf;cJyh gw,f/ul;wdYkqyd f
rD ; avmif a yguf u G J r I r S m vnf ;
rD;avmifrIjzpfwJh*dkaxmifawGrSm
tmrcH x m;&S d r I r &S d w J h t wG u f
avsmfaMu;ay;acs&rIr&Sdygbl;/
twGi;f avtm;vQyfppfpufw
Hk pf
kHwnfaqmufEdkif&efpDpOfvsuf&Sd
aMumif; trSw(f 2)vQyfppfprG ;f tm;
0efBuD;XmerS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u
u ajymMum;cJhonf/
v1&ufaeYrSpwifum bPfrsm;
tm;vHk; tyfaiGtmrcH (Deposit
Insurance) pwifxm;&S&
d rnf jzpf
aMumif; jrefrmEkid if aH wmfA[db
k Pf
rSxw
k jf yefchJaMumif;od&onf/
tyfaiGtmrcH trsdK;tpm;
aMumif;ESifh eEGif;rIefYudk;rsKd;teuf
oHk;rsKd;rSm qefrIefY?ajymif;rIefYrsm;
yg0ifNyD; ESpfrsKd;wGif cGifhrjyKaom
ta&mifq;kd aq; (Metanil Yellow)
rsm; yg0ifaeaMumif; ppfaq;awGY
&Sdcsufrsm;t& od&onf/
]] t&ifu aeraumif;jzpf
&iftaru eEGif;wdkufw,f/ e
EGif;u usef;rma&;t&aumif;rGef
NyD; cEmudk,fu teHYtoufqdk;
awGudkvnf;aysmufapw,f/ 'g
ayr,fh tckaemufydkif;rSm tJ'Dvdk
usef;rma&;t&a&m [if;csuf&m
rSm t"dutoHk;jyK&wJY eEGif;rSm
ta&mifqdk;aq;awGyg0ifaeawmh
toH;k jyK&wm pdwrf cs&bl;jzpfvm
w,f}} [k wmarGNrdKYe,fae tdrf
&SifrwpfOD;u qdkygonf/
xdkUtjyif &efukefNrdKU&Sdaps;
rsm;tm;vHk;wGif qdk;aq;yg0if
onfhpm;aomufukefypnf;rsm; r
a&mif;cs&ef 2011ckESpf pufwif
bmvxyfrHtoday;aMunmcJY
NyD;ppfaq;awGY&Sd&ygu xda&muf
pGmta&;,loGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
vnf; &efukefNrdKYawmfpnfyifom
,ma&;aumf r wD aps;rsm;XmrS
aMujimcsufxkwfjyefxm;cJYNyD;jzpf
aMumif;od&onf/
Nidrf;aZmfvif;?tdoOmausmf
ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufygbl;/
urmrSmvnf;avtm;vQyfppfu
us,fus,fjyefYjyefYokH;aeMuNyD/
uRefawmfwdkYvnf; weoFm&DrSm
vkyfr,f/ avwdkufEIef;u av
tm;vQyfppfpufkHawG? wmbdkif
awGvnfEdkifwJhtaetxm;jzpfvdkY
yg/ &efuek ?f &cdik ef YJ tv,f;kd rwpf
avQmuf Survey vkyMf unfyh gr,f/
avtm;vQyfppfu tckvkyfxm;
wmu physical study aygh/olwdkY
udk tcsdefwpfESpfay;xm;w,f/
wpfESpfywfvkH; avwdkufEIef;udk
jyefwGufaew,f/ wpfESpfjynfhvdkY
physical study NyD;wJhtcgrSm uRef
awmfwdkY 0efBuD;XmeeJYolwdkYeJYpm
csKyfygr,f/tJ'DtcgrSm "mwftm;
udk uRefawmfwdkYydkifwm&Sdr,f/
uRefawmfwdkY 0,fr,fh"mwftm;&Sd
w,f/ ydkvQHwmudk a&mif;r,f }}[k
ajymMum;cJhonf/
xdkjyif avtm;jzifhvQyfppf
xkwf,lEdkifjcif;&Sdr&Sdudk {&m0wD
wdik ;f a'oBuD;twGi;f yg avhvm
rIrsm;jyKvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
od&Sd&onf/
tdrfrSxGufajy;vmol trsKd;orD;wpfOD;tm;
arG;pm;rnf[kpnf;Hk;NyD; aetdrfwGifckdvIHcGifhay;um
jynfUwefqmtjzpfckdif;apol w&m;cHwpfOD;tm;
tvkyfESifhaxmif'Pf 10 ESpftrdefYcsrSwf
tdrrf x
S u
G af jy;vmol trsKd;
orD;wpfO;D tm;arG;pm;rnf[pk nf;
&kH;jyD; aetdrfwGifckdvIHcGifhay;um
t"rjcdrf;ajcmuf jynfhwefqm
jzpfckdif;apolw&m;cHwpfOD;tm;
tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'Pf 10 ESpf trdeYf
csrSwcf ahJ Mumif; &efuek w
f idk ;f a'o
BuD;&JwyfzUJG rSL;H;k rSowif;&&So
d nf/
jzpfpOfrSm r-----onf
{&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD; bkduav;
NrKdUe,f&Sd aus;&GmwpfckwGif rdcif
jzpfolESifhtwl aexkdifaMumif;?
rdcifjzpfolrSaemuftdrfaxmifjyK
cJo
h jzifv
h eG cf ahJ om&uf(rrSwrf ad eY)
n 6 em&DtcsdefcefYu ,if;tdrfrS
xGufajy;vmNyD; u'kHued aus;&Gm
wGif aexkdifaomta':jzpfolae
tdrfokdYoGm;a&mufpOf if;aetdrf
okdYra&mufrD aq;kHa&SUta&muf
jypfrIusL;vGefol a':jrifh&Dqkdol
ESiahf wGU&m a':jrif&h u
D ta':jzpfol
\aetdro
f Ydv
k u
dk yf Ydk&m ta':jzpfol
ukd if;\aetdrw
f iG rf awGU&ojzifh
a':jrifh&DrS ol\tdrfwGifvkdufae
&efac:vkdufoGm;cJhaMumif; od&
onf/
jypfru
I sL;vGeo
f al ':jrif&h u
D
r----tm;arG;pm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
ajymqkdjyD; if;tdrfwGifaexkdif&ef
ac:xm;&m tqkdygaetdrfwGifae
xkdifcJhaMumif;? ,if;okdYaexkdifjyD;
ig;&ufcefYtMumwGifa':jrifh&Du
r---tm;trsK;d om;wpfO;D ESijhf ynfh
wefqmtjzpf t"rNcdr;f ajcmufap
ckdif;cJhaMumif;? &&SdaomaiGaMu;
rsm;ukd a':jrif&h u
D ,lxm;aMumif;?
aemufaeYwGiftrsKd;om;okH;OD;ESifh
jynfhwefqmtjzpfckdif;ap vkyfcJh
&aMumif;? aemufwpf&ufwGif t
rsK;d om;ESpOf ;D ESix
hf yfraH ecJ&h aMumif;
ppfaq;csuft& od&onf/
if;aemufveG cf ahJ om&ufu
a':jrif&h u
D r---tm;{&m0wDwidk ;f
a'oBuD;rS&efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;
okdY ac:aqmifcJhaMumif;? 'vNrKdU
okdYa&muf&SdcJhNyD; wnf;ckdcef;wpfck
okYdyYdkaqmifaexkid cf ahJ Mumif;? wnf;
ckdaexkdifpOf trsKd;om;okH;OD;ESifh
wpfBurd ?f trsK;d om;ESpOf ;D ESiw
hf pfBurd f
jynfw
h efqmtjzpfcidk ;f apcJNh yD; a':
jrifh&Dwnf;ckdcef;r&Sdcsdef xGuf
ajy;cJu
h m 'vNrKdUe,frw
S m0ef&o
dS l
rsm;ESifhawGUqkHNyD; &yfuGuftkyfcsKyf
a&;rSL;H;k okYdomG ;a&mufum &Jpcef;
w&m;vkdjyKwkdifMum;xGufqkdcJh
aMumif; od&onf/
trIoufaoxGufcsufrsm;
ESifh oufaocHtaxmuftxm;
rsm;t& jypfrIusL;vGefol a':jrifh
&Dtm; 'v&Jpcef;pGJcsuftrSwf
547(u)^2010jzifw
h &m;pGq
J w
dk if
cJ&h m w&m;k;H rS &mMuD;(94^2010)
jzifh vufcHppfaq;cJhNyD; 2011
ckESpf 'DZifbmv 30 &ufaeYwGif
awmifykdif;ckdifw&m;kH;? 'kckdifw
&m;olBuD;(2)kH;rS vlukeful;rI
wm;qD;umuG,fa&;Oya'yk'fr
24 t& tvkyfESifhaxmif'Pf 10
ESpu
f sap&ef trdeYf csrSwcf ahJ Mumif;
od&onf/
Pg-8
jrefrm-b*Fvm;a'h&EfS pS Ef ikd if H ndEiId ;f aqG;aEG;rIt&
aejynfawmf&Sd[dkw,frsm;tm; Mu,fyGifhrsm;tqifUowfrSwf? Mu,foHk;yGifU
[kdw,f 13 ck? Mu,fESpfyGifU[dkw,f ckepfckESifU Mu,fwpfyGifU[dkw,fwpfck&SdaMumif; od& tjynfjynfqdkif&m jrefrmavaMumif;ESi fUtJyk*HwdkY
b*Fvm;a'U&SEf ikd if oH hkd wduk f ukd yf soH ef;cGifU&&Sd
0efaqmifr?I taqmufttk&H UJ tif
uGeu
f &pfbavmufw;kH toH;k jyKtaqmuftODrsm;
jrefrmEkid if aH 'ooH;k ckwiG f aqmufvyk o
f mG ;rnf
ukvor*vlaeNrdKU&GmzGHYNzdK;
a&;tpDtpOf\enf;ynmyHyh ;kd rIjzifh
uGeu
f &pfbavmufw;kH toH;k jyKt
aqmuftODrsm; jrefrmEkdifiHa'o
oH;k ckwiG f aqmufvyk o
f mG ;rnfjzpf
aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
ukvor*vlaeNrdKU&GmzGHYNzdK;
a&;tpDtpOf( UN-Habitat) ESifh
aqmufvkyfa&;0efBuD;Xme NrdKU&Gm
ESihftdk;tdrfzGHYNzdK;a&;OD;pD;XmewdkY t
Mum; vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom
em;vnfrpI mcRefvmT yg vkyif ef;t
pDtpOft& uGefu&pfbavmuf
wHk;toHk;jyKtaqmuftODrsm;udk
aqmufvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfonf/
tqdkyguGefu&pfbavmuf
wH;k udk manual yHak zmfyo
kH iG ;f pufud
&d,mESifhxkwfvkyfjcif;? uGefu&pf
bavmuf w H k ; t&nf t aoG ; ud k
Hydraulic prf;oyfpufEi
S hf ppfaq;
jcif;? uGefu&pfbavmufwHk;t
oHk;jyKaqmufvkyfaom taqmuf
tODrsm;udk jrefrmEkdifiHa'ooHk;ck
wGif erlemjyaqmufvkyfoGm;rnf
jzpfaMumif;vnf; od&Sd&onf/
]]uGefu&pfbavmufwHk;t
oH;k jyKaqmufvyk w
f t
hJ aqmuftOD
udk yxrOD;qH;k taeeJY ok0Poif
wef;ausmif;rSm pwifaqmufvyk f
jcif;jzpfygw,f/ aejynfawmfeJY
&Srf;jynfe,fwdkYrSmvnf; quf
vufNyD; wnfaqmufoGm;rSmjzpf
ygw,f/ UN-Habitat tzGYJtpnf;
&JU uRrf;usifolrsm;u OD;aqmif
NyD; aqmif&Guf&mrSm e,fajrcHtif
*sife,
D mawGeYJ a'ocHyef;&HawGukd
bavmufw;kH xkwv
f yk rf ?I toH;k jyK
aqmuf v k y f r I e nf ; ynmawG u d k
vnf; avhusifhoifwef;ay;oGm;
rSm jzpfygw,f}}[k aqmufvyk af &;
0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifp0k efBuD;OD;
cifarmifjrifhu Zefe0g&Dv 20
&ufaeYu ok0Poifwef;ausmif;
zGifhyGJtcrf;tem;wGif ajymMum;
cJhonf/
*sifeD,mydkif; t&nftaoG;awGudk
t"duxm; ppfaq;ygw,f}}[k
[dkw,fESifh c&D;oGm;nTefMum;rI
OD;pD;XmerS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u
ajymMum;cJhonf/
Mu,foHk;yGifhtqifh [dkw,f
rsm;rSma&Teef;awmf[w
kd ,f? o*F[
[dkw,f? jrwfawmf0if[dkw,f?
a&T{nfhonf[dkw,f? awmf0ifae
jynfawmf[w
kd ,f? aumif;uifeef;
awmf[dkw,f? a&Tjrefrm[dkw,f?
awmf0ifukrkj'm[dkw,f? tr&
[dkw,f? tdkatppf[dkw,f? ZrL
oD & d [ d k w ,f ? wH k * yl & d [ d k w ,f ?
armifh[dkw,fwdkYjzpfonf/
Mu,fEpS yf iG t
hf qifrh mS &wem
odCF[dkw,f? a&Tjynfawmf[dk
w,f? jrwfr*Fvm[dkw,f? *sef;
&Sif;[dkw,f? r*FvmoD&d[dkw,f?
ref;jrefrm[dkw,fESifh Ow&oD&d
[dkw,fwdkYjzpfNyD; Mu,fwpfyGifht
qifrh mS jrwfeef;,H[
k w
kd ,fjzpfonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif [dkw,frsm;
Mu,fyGihftqifhtwef;owfrSwf
jcif;udk 2011 ckESpfwGif c&D;pOf
a'otcsKdU jyKvkycf jhJ cif;jzpfonf
[k od&Sd&onf/
aeNynfawmfowif;tzGJY
tjynfjynfqdkif&mavqdyf av
aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&;nTefMum;rIOD;
pD;XmewGif usif;ycJhygonf/
tpnf ; ta0;wG i f 1977
ckESpfu vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhaom
ESpfEdkifiHavaMumif;oabmwlpm
csKyfudk EdkifiHwumavaMumif;ydkY
aqmifa&;jzpfay:wdk;wufrIESifh
tnDjyifqifcsKyfqdkEdkifa&;twGuf
pmcsKyf t opf r l M urf ; wpf & yf u d k
vnf; a&;qJGcJhMuonf/
]]b*Fvm;a'h&SfeJY wdkufdkuf
yHsoef;cGifh&zdkY avaMumif;vdkif;
awGudk uefYowfxm;wmrsKd;r&Sd
ygbl;/ b,favaMumif;vdik ;f rqdk
ajy;qJGcsifw,fqdk&if cGifhjyKcsuf
&zdkY ndEdIif;ay;oGm;rSmyg}} [k av
aMumif;ydkYaqmifa&;nTefMum;rI OD;
pD;XmerS wm0ef&o
dS w
l pfO;D u ajym
jycJhonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHESifh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf
EdkifiHwdkYtMum; wdkufdkuf ysHoef;
ajy;qJGjcif;udk ,cifu 1980
jynfEh pS rf S 2006 ckEpS t
f xd Edik if yH ikd f
avaMumif;vdkif;jzpfaom jrefrmh
avaMumif;rS ajy;qJGcJhzl;aMumif;
od&Sd&ygonf/
'gayr,fo
h Yltm;omcsuef YJoal wmh
&Sdw,f/ Android 4.0 eJY Tablet
awGuawmh'DESpfrSm apmifhMunfh&
r,fhaps;uGufwpfckyg}}[k uGefysL
wmypn;f ta&mif;qdik w
f pfcrk S wm
0ef&Sdolu oHk;oyfcJhonf/
vmrnfaU zazmf0g&v
D twGi;f Edik if aH wmftqifU tdik pf w
D zD &kd rfusi;f yoGm;&ef&dS
2012 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvt
wGif; aejynfawmf&Sd MICC wGif
EdkifiHawmftqifh tdkifpDwDzdk&rfyGJ
wpfck usif;yoGm;&ef&dSaMumif;
jrefrmhqufo,
G af &;vkyif ef;owif;
tcsuftvufESifhenf;ynmXmerS
tif*sife,
D mcsKyf OD;aZmfrif;OD;xHrS
od&Sd&onf/
tqd k y g Ed k i f i H a wmf t qif h
tdik pf w
D zD &kd rfwiG jf ynfwiG ;f jynfyrS
ynm&Sifrsm;yg0ifaqG;aEG;rnfjzpf
jyD; jynfwiG ;f &Sd vlrpI ;D yGm;a&;u@
rsm;wGif ICT u@rS yg0ifaqmif
&GufEdkifrnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;
tm; t"duxm; aqG;aEG;oGm;
rnf[k od&onf/
]]EdkifiHawmftqifh tdkifpDwD
zdk&rfu azazmf0g&Dv 24 &ufaeY
eJU 25 &ufaeYawGrSm aejynfawmf
u MICC rSm usi;f yzdYk vsmxm;yg
w,f/ Edik if &H UJ Private Sector awG
rSm Social Economic udk jri&hf if;eJY
'DICT Sector u b,fvdkyg0if
aqmif&GufEdkifovJ qdkwmawGeJY
ywfoufNyD; aqG;aEG;oGm;rSmyg/
'DaqG;aEG;yGu
J kd Edik if w
H umuynm
9
'pf*spwf ,f rEav;a&TMuuf,ufqdyfurf;wGif a&aMumif;usOf;vm ukefwifoabFmrsm;
ajryHkvrf;nTefpepfudk
qdkufuyf&yfem;&efcufcJvmNyD; a&v,fwGifausmufcs&yfem;vm&
Android zkef;rsm;ESifh
jrefrmEdkifiHtxufatmuf
eftqef ukefwifoabFmBuD;
uGeyf sLwmrsm;wGitf oH;k jyKEikd f tpk
rsm; t"duqdkufuyf&yfem;&m
Map ++
'pf*spfw,fajryHkvrf;nTefpepfudk
Android zkef;rsm;ESifhyDpDuGefysLwm
rsm;wGifvnf; Offline taejzifh
xnfhoGif;toHk;jyKvmEdkifaMumif;
od&Sd&onf/
]]t&ifwkef;u 'Dpepfudkt
oHk;jyKzdkY 0ufbfqdkufudkzGifhNyD;oHk;&
ayr,fh tGev
f ikd ;f rvdb
k J yDpu
D eG yf sL
wmawGeJY Android zkef;? oifykef;
uGefysLwmawGrSmoHk;EdkifwJhAm;&Sif;
udk tdkifpDwDjyyGJrSmrdwfqufay;cJh
ygw,f}}[k In Mai Kha ukrPDrS
wm0ef&o
dS w
l pfO;D uajymjycJo
h nf/
,if;ajryHkvrf;nTefpepfwGif
azmfjyvdkaomtcsuftvufrsm;?
ae&ma'orsm;udk ajryHkay:wGif
azmfjyay;aompepf? vdktyfaom
tcsuftvufrsm;udk tvG,fw
ul&SmazGEdkifaompepf? teD;pyfqHk;
wGufcsufay;Edkifaompepf? tGef
vdik ;f ay:wGipf ;D yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;
jyKvkyEf ikd af om eCommerce tajc
cHpepfrsm;yg0ifNyD; www.myan
marexplore.com [laom0ufbf
qdu
k v
f iT w
hf ifxm;aMumif;od&onf/
rEav;NrdKU a&TMuuf,ufqyd u
f rf;
wGiaf &aMumif;usO;f vm oabFm
rsm;qdkufuyf &yfem;&efcufcJvm
jyD; oabFmMuD;rsm;rSma&v,fwiG f
ausmufcs&yfem;rI ydkrdkvmaMumif;
od&Sd&onf/
{&m0wDjrpfaMumif;a&TMuuf
,ufqdyfurf;wGif oabFmBuD;
rsm; qdu
k u
f yf&yfem;&ef vHak vmuf
aoma&pl ; &S d a o;aomf v nf ;
,if;uJhodkY a&aMumif;usOf;vm
qd y f u rf ; wG i f &yf e m;&ef a e&m
tcuftcJ jzpfay:jcif;jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
]]oabFmqdkufuyfzdkYae&m
tcuf t cJ & S d a yr,f h vG e f c J h w J h
ESpfESpfuavmufawmh rqdk;ao;
bl ; / tck a &pl ; teuf u av;
awmif(ajcmufay)avmuf&jdS yD; a&
aMumif;usOf;vmwmaMumifhom
oabFmawGujkd rpfv,frmS ausmuf
cs&yfxm;Mu&wm/ ukew
f ifuek cf s
vkyfr,fqdkrS qdyfurf;rSmvmjyD;
tvSnfhusvkyf&w,f}}[k armf
awmfqvifwpfOD;u ajymMum;cJh
onf/
udk jrefrmEdkifiHwGif
&yfqdkif&mpmwrf;tenf;qHk; 15
apmiftxdzwfMum;rnfjzpfaMumif;
vnf; od&onf/
tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;twGif; t
jcm;EdkifiHrsm;wGif blrdaA'qdkif&m
nDvmcHukd tvSnfhususif;yMu
aomfvnf;jrefrmEdkifiHwGifrl,ckrS
omyxrtBudrfusif;yjcif;jzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
ododomomysufpD;rI taxmuf
txm;rawGU&bJ yk*eH YJ e;D wJh ae&m
rSmyJivsiAf [dck suu
f &SEd idk w
f ,fvYkd
od&ygw,f/avmavmq,frSm
ivsio
f ufa&mufcw
hJ ahJ e&m awGukd
xyfawGUw,f}}[k&efuek t
f aemuf
ydik ;f wuov
kd ?f blrad A'XmerSwm
0ef&SdolwpfOD;uajymMum;cJhonf/
]] awmifwGif;BuD;udkavhvm
wJhtcgrSmvnf;t"du tysuft
pD;rsm;cJhwJh qyfoGm;&GmeJYteD;w
0dkufavhvmwJhtcg qyfoGm;&Gm&JU
atmufu anmifyifom&Gmem;
rSmvnf; ivsifoufa&mufrIawG
&dScJhw,fqdkwm xyfrHawGY&SdcJh&
w,f/tck&wJhdata awGt& blrd
oabmt& avhvm&&SdwmawG
aygif;NyD; tcsuftvuftopf
awG xyfrHxkwfjyefoGm;zdkY&Sdyg
w,f}} [kvnf; jrefrmEkdifiHajri
vsifaumfrwDrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;
uajymMum;cJhonf/
uroefYawmhbl;/ awmfawmfqdk;
aeNyD } }[k quf v uf a jymMum;
cJhonf/
rEav;NrdKU a&TMuuf,uf
qdyfurf;wGif jrefrmEdkifiHtxuf
ydkif;rS0ifa&mufaom opfvHk;wGJ
azmifrsm;? qDoabFmrsm;t"du
qdu
k u
f yf&yfem;aMumif;od&onf/
]]a&aMumif ; taetxm;
uodyfNyD;rqdk;ao;ayr,fh vrf;
rSm 10 &ufavmufMumw,f/
tckcsdefa&pl;t& qD*gvH ESpfodef;
avmufyJwifNyD; a&aMumif;&Sm
armfawmfav;awGeJY a&aMumif;
prf;NyD;*kwpdkuf armif;ESifae&
wmaygh/ a&TMuuf,ufqdyfurf;
rSmawmh a&aMumif;uawmfawmf
usOf;aeNyD/ &yfem;zdkYtcuftcJ
BuD;r[kwfao;ayr,fh 0ifa&muf
wJhukefwif oabFmtay:rlwnf
NyD; ukew
f ifuek cf svyk zf Ykd tcsed af wG
yd k a y;vm&w,f } }[k &ef u k e f rEav;tpkeftqefoGm;vmae
aom yk*v
duukefwifoabFmydkif
&SifwpfOD;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
rif;oefY
/
10
ynmoifqk
,ckESpfrSpwif ay;tyfrnf
rnfjzpfaMumif;vnf; od&Sd&yg
onf/
]]'Dpepfudk uneu owf
rSwfxm;wJh,mOfpnf;urf;? vrf;
pnf;urf;awGeJYtnD a&;qGJay;
xm;wmyg/ pmar;yGJajzwJholawG
taeeJY Touch screen uGefysLwm
ay:rSm trSm;trSeu
f v
kd ufaxmuf
NyD;ajzqd&k rSmyg/ 'Dpepfo;kH xm;wJh
twGuf wu,fwwfuRrf;rSom
pmar;yGJatmifrSmyg/ tck'Dpepfudk
aejynfawmfu uke;f vrf;ydYk aqmif
a&;tif*sief ,
D mXmeu zGix
hf m;wJh
,mOfarmif;oifwef;ausmif;rSm
LCCI Level 4
,ckESpfrSp LCCI Level 4
tm; &efukef? rEav;ESifh aejynf
awmf&Sd oifwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif
qufvufoif,lEkdifNyDjzpfaMumif;
NAdwdoQaumifpDrS wm0ef&Sdolwpf
OD;xHrSod&onf/
]]uRefawmfwYkd LCCI Level 4
eJYywfoufwJh jy|mef;pmtkyfawG
udk &efuek Nf rdKUu oifwef;ausmif;
awGudk jzefYa0ay;NyD;jzpfygw,f/
ESpfESpftwGif; Level 3 ajzqkdcJhNyD;
vuf&SdtoHk;jyKaeygNyD/ rMumcif
umvrSm &efukefeJY rEav;u
,mOfarmif;oifwef;ausmif;awG
rSmvnf;toH;k jyKzdYk &w
dS ,f}} [k Mr.
Htet Computer Virus Lab rS
udkxufvif;pdk;u qdkygonf/
aucdkif0ifh
Zefe0g&DvrSpESpEf pS t
f wGi;f LCCI
Level 3 NyD;qHk;olwdkif; Level 4 udk
pwifoifMum;EkdifNyD; oifwef;
ausmif;ESifhoifwef;om;\ wuf
a&mufraI y:rlwnfoifwef;umv
tenf;qHk;ajcmufvMumjrifhrnf
jzpfaMumif;ESifh LCCI Level 4
pmar;yGJaMu;rSm wpfbmomvQif
tar&duefa':vm 55 a':vm
jzpfNyD; pmar;yGu
J kd ZGev
f wGif pwif
usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
pifumylEkdifiH&Sd LASALLE
College rS Tan Chay Bing ynm
oifqkudk 2012 ckESpfrSpwifay;
tyfrnfjzpfaMumif; od&dS&onf/
tqdkygaumvdyfodkY 2012 ck
ESpf Mo*kwv
f wufa&mufrnfo
h l
rsm;twGuf Tan Chay Bing ynm
oifESihf Future Leader ynmoif
qkrsm;yg ay;tyfcs;D jriahf y;rnfjzpf
&m ynmoifqkrsm;twGuf Zefe
0g&DvrSpwifavQmufxm;Ekid Nf yDjzpf
aMumif ; Crown Education rS
od&Sd&ygonf/
LASALLE College onf
tm&S-ypdzdwfa'owGiftEkynm
ESiyhf wfoufonfb
h mom&yfrsm;udk
oifMum;ay;aeNyD; pifumylynm
a&;0efBuD;Xme\ axmufyHhrI&&Sd
xm;onfah umvdyw
f pfcjk zpfonf/
Design? Interior Design? Film?
Fine Arts? Media Arts? Dance?
Music? Theatre ponfhbmom&yf
rsm;udk tajccHrSpwif 'Dyvdkrm?
bGJUESifh r[mbGJUwef;rsm;txd zGifh
vSpo
f ifMum;ay;vsu&f &dS mtqdyk g
aumvdyo
f Ykd0ifciG &hf &So
d nfh ausmif;
ol ausmif ; om;rsm;taejzif h
vnf;pifumylynma&;0efBuD;Xme
rS csD;jrifhonfh Tuition Grant rsm;
&&Srd nfjzpfum ynmoifaxmufyhH
aMu;&&Syd gu pifumylEidk if H oH;k ESpf
tvkyfvkyfudkif&eftwGuf pmcsKyf
csKyfq&kd rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
2012 ckESpf ynmoifESpf
twGuf ynmoifaxmufyHhaMu;
rsm;tjyif ynmoifqkESpfrsKd;udkyg
avQmufxm;Ekid rf nfjzpfNyD;ynmoif
qktwGuf ynma&;rSwfwrf;rsm;?
vuf&majrmufaom Portfolio rsm;
ESiahf cgif;aqmifrt
I awGUtMuHKrsm;
ay:wGiftuJjzwf qHk;jzwfoGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
tqdyk g aumvdyo
f Ydk avQmuf
xm;vdkolrsm;taejzifh wuodkvf
0ifwef;pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifNy;D t*Fvyd f
pmt&nftcsif;IELTS 5.5 (odkYr
[k w f ) TOEFL(525) &&S d & rnf
jzpfNyD;tao;pdwo
f v
d ykd guCrown
Education Hk;csKyf Summit Park view Hotel tcef;(228-229)
ESiahf jreDuek ;f H;k cGJ trSw(f 272) (4)
vTm tcef;trSw(f 404) jynfvrf;?
"evIdifwm0godkY qufoG,fpHkprf;
ar;jref;EkdifaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
aqudEm&mrausmif;wdkuf jyK
vkyfrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
tcrf;tem;odkY jrefrmEkdifiHrS
Ekid if aH wmfMo0g'p&d, a&Tusio
f m
oemydkif 0gqdkq&mawmf tbd"Z
r[m&|*kak 'gufwmb'Et
*,
d
(rEav;r[m0dok'gHkwdkufopf)?
a&T[oFmwdu
k o
f pfq&mawmf (&ef
uif;)? r@dwm&mra&Tawmifuek ;f
q&mawmf? csrf;ajrhq&mawmf
ponfq
h &mawmfrsm;OD;aqmifonfh
jynfe,fESifh wdkif;a'oBuD;toD;
oD;&Sd a&Tusif*dkPf;0ifoHCmawmf
rsm;? t*Fvef? *syef? awmifudk&D;
,m;? oD&dvuFm? xdkif;ponfh
EkdifiHrsm;rS a&TusifEG,f0ifoHCm
awmftyg; 1000 wdkY wufa&muf
rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
tpmtdrt
f v
l rf;aMumif;ESifh taxG
axGcGJpdwfq&m0efBuD; Dr.(Prof)
Sandeep Guleria wdYk jzpfNyD; Zefe0g
&Dv 27 &ufaeYwGif rEav;NrdKU&Sd
Hotel Mandalay vnf;aumif;?
Zef e 0g&D v 29 &uf a eYwG i f
&efukefNrdKU&Sd Chatrium Hotel
vnf;aumif;tonf;?ausmufuyf
vlemrsm;udk tcrJhprf;oyfMunhfI
aqG;aEG;ay;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfay;
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
aqG;aEG;ukovdak omtonf;?
ausmufuyfa0'em&Sirf sm;taejzifh
KC usef;rma&;apmihfa&SmufrIvkyf
ief; 09-73144588 (&efuek )f ESifh
09-43127970(rE a v;)od k Y
qufo,
G pf m&if;ay;oGi;f Edik af Mumif;
od&onf/
tvdk&Sdonf
(1) tvkyfoif (odkh) ti,fwef;owif;axmuf
- usm; (3) OD;? r (2) OD;
touf (23) ESpaf tmufjzpfNy;D tajccHynmtxufwef;atmifjrif&rnf/ ud,
k w
f ikd af &;tmabmfowif;wpfy'k Ef iS Uf twlavQmufxm;Ekid o
f nf/
(2) owif;axmuf
- usm; (2) OD;? r (1) OD;
touf(25)ESpfatmuf bGJY&? owif;wpfyk'fESifUtwl avQmufxm;Ekdifonf/
(3) rEav;kH;cGJtwGuf tvkyfoif (odkh) ti,fwef;owif;axmuf usm; (1) OD;
touf (23) ESpaf tmufjzpfNy;D tajccHynmtxufwef;atmifjrif&rnf/ ud,
k w
f ikd af &;tmabmfowif;wpfy'k Ef iS t
Uf wl avQmufxm;Ekid o
f nf/
avQmufxm;olrsm;onf owif;rD'D,mvkyfief;udkpdwf0ifpm;olrsm;jzpfNyD; trsm;tusKd;aqmif&Guf&ef pdwfxuf
oefolrsm;jzpf&rnf/ avQmufxm;olrsm;onf rdrd&&SdvdkonfUvpmudk xnfUoGif;avQmufxm;&rnf/ avQmufxm;ol
tm;vHk;udk tajccHjyifyA[kokwrsm; ar;jref;rnfjzpfonf/
(2012 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 10 &ufaeh aemufqHk;xm; avQmufxm;Ekdifygonf/)
qufoG,f&ef
11
jynfwGif; yxrqHk;zGifh
vSpcf o
hJ nfh Call Center 0efaqmif
rIvyk if ef;wGif ueOD;tvkyt
f yfEHS
aomtzGUJ tpnf;ESiu
hf rk P
D 12 ck
&Scd NhJ yD; vuf&w
dS iG u
f rk P
D 15 cku
tvkyftyfESH&efxyfrHurf;vSrf;
xm;NyD;tao;pdwfaqG;aEG;rIrsm;
jyKvkyaf eaMumif;pHpk rf;od&onf/
]]tckvuf&rdS mS jynfwiG ;f u
ukrPD 15 ckavmufxyfurf;
vSr;f xm;NyD;aqG;aEG;nEd idI ;f rIawG
jyKvkyaf eygw,f/ xyfurf;vSr;f
vmwJu
h rk P
aD wGxrJ mS jyyGaJ wGpD
pOfwJhukrPD? tDvufxa&mepf
ukrP
BD uD;wpfc?k tGev
f ikd ;f uae
wpfqift
h ar&duefEikd if u
H ypn;f
awG0,fay;aewJhvkyfief;? c&D;
oGm;ukrPD? aq;ukrPDBuD;ESpf
ck? tcsut
f vufawGpak qmif;wJh
MMRD pwJhukrPDawG? vkyf
ief;awGyg0ifygw,f/ zkef;t0if
txG u f 0 ef a qmif r I a wG t jyif
tifwmeuf0efaqmifraI wGvnf;
vkyfaqmifay;&ygw,f/ tar
&duefeJY jrefrmjynfqdk&ifaeYeJYn
ajymif;jyefjzpfNyD; 'DrmS nbufyikd ;f
udktGefvdkif;uaeypnf;awG 0,f
ay;wmrsKd; 0efaqmifrIay;&wJh
yHkpHawGvnf;ygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJhv
twGif;rSmawmh rdkbdkif;zkef;awG
udkBudKwifaiGay;pepfajymif;r,f
qdkwmeJYywfoufNyD; Prepaid,
Postpaid udpawG ajzay;&wm
rsm;cJhw,f}}[k tqdkyg Call Center rSwm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajym
Mum;cJhonf/
]]taxG a xG u d p & yf a wG u d k
vnf; ar;jref;Muwm&SdNyD; wwf
Edkifoavmuf ajzay;ygw,f/
r,fvrkbk&m;em;u bkef;BuD;
ausmif;&JUzkef;eHygwfawmif;wm
ajzay;cJh&w,f/ 'gayr,fhtJ'g
rsKd;usawmh csufcsif;rajzEdkifbJ
0efaqmifrIay;aepOf
cPapmifhcdkif;NyD; vdkufpHkprf;& oGm;&ef&SdNyD; xyfrHwnfaqmuf
wmrsKd;? zkef;eHygwfawmif;NyD; jyef rnfhae&mudkra&G;cs,f&ao;bJ
qufay;wmrsKd; vkyfay;cJh&yg qufoG,fa&;Hk;rsm;\teD;0ef;
w,f / wu,f w rf ; ajz&rS m u usiw
f iG o
f mjzpfrnf[o
k &d onf/
tvkyt
f yfxm;wJu
h rk P
aD wGeYJywf aejynfawmfwiG w
f nfaqmufrnfh
oufwmudkt"duajzay;&rSmjzpf Call Center udq
k ;D *dr;f trDziG v
hf pS f
ayr,fh wwfEdkiforQvkyfay;wJho oG m ;rnf j zpf N yD ; rE a v;wG i f
vnf; Call Center wpfcak qmuf
abmygyJ}}[ktqdyk gwm0ef&o
dS u
l
vkyfoGm;rnf[kod&onf/
qufvufajymjycJhonf/
tqdkyg Call Center udk
vuf&SdwGif Call Center rSm
jynfvrf;wpfckom&Sdao;NyD; t 2011 ckESpf? 'DZifbmv 17 &uf
vkyt
f yfErHS t
I aetxm;ay:rlwnf aeYwGifpwifzGifhvSpfcJhjcif;jzpf
&efukefNrdKUtwGif;xyfrHwdk;csJU aMumif;od&onf/ aersKd;xGef;
tzGJUtpnf;awGu w&m;r0ifzkef;
oH;k pGv
J Ukd jrefrmhqufo,
G af &;udv
k ikd ;f
ydwfcdkif;wmrsdK;awGuvGJvdkU vdkif;
ydwfwmrsdK;r&Sdygbl;}}[k owif;
tcsut
f vufEiS ehf nf; ynmXmerS
tif*sifeD,mcsKyf OD;aZmfrif;OD;u
ajymMum;onf/
]]wu,ftydwfcH&w,fqdk&if
awmh b,fzkef;eHygwfb,ftcsdef
tydwcf &H w,fqw
kd mudk a&T*w
kH ikd f
u jrefrmhqufoG,fa&;vkyfief;
rdb
k ikd ;f tif*sife,
D mcsKyfqu
D v
kd yd rf l
NyD;avQmufvmT wifEikd yf gw,f/pdppf
NyD;jyefcsay;rSmyg/ jrefrmhqufo,
G f
a&;taeeJYService ay;aewJhae&m
rSmtcuftcJ&Sdatmif ydww
f mrsKd;
rSdygbl;/ zkef;tMumBuD;ajymvdkY
ydww
f mrsK;d vnf;r&Syd gbl;/ tcsuf
wpfcsuef YJNidpeG ;f w,fa<u;wifwm
rsK;d qd&k ifyw
d rf mS yg}}[k rdb
k ikd ;f tif*sif
eD,mcsKyfu ajymMum;cJhonf/
xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m jrefrmoHHk;
jrefrmtvkyform; t&m&SdwpfOD;tm;
wGJzufwm0efay;tyfrI pwifjyKvkyf
xdkif;EdkifiHqdkif&m jrefrmoHHk;
jrefrmtvkyo
f rm;t&m&Sw
d pfO;D
tm; wGJzufxm;&Sdvsuf wm0ef
ay;tyf r I p wif j yKvk y f a eNyD j zpf
aMumif; tvkyform;0efBuD;Xme?
tpd;k &jynfytvkyt
f udik af t*sifpD
rS owif;&&Sdygonf/
tqdkygtvkyform;t&m&Sd
taejzifh xdkif;EdkifiHa&muf jrefrm
EdkifiHom;a&TUajymif;vkyfom;rsm;
jzpfay:vmonfh tcuftcJrsm;?
tqif r ajyrI r sm;? jzpf a y:vm
onfh jyemrsm;ESifh ywfouf
tultnDrsm;aqmif&Gufay;oGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]] tck xdik ;f Edik if q
H ikd &f mjrefrm
oHHk;rSm jrefrmvkyfom;t&m&Sdudk
xm;ay;wm EdkifiHtaeeJYajymr,f
qdk&if 'kwd,ajrmufEdkifiHjzpfyg
w,f/ yxrqHk;taeeJY jrefrmeJY
G to G vk y f o m;apvT w f r I a wG
aqmif&u
G af ewJh ud&k ;D ,m;Edik if rH mS
udk&D;,m;a&muf jrefrmawG&JUt
a&;udpt
qifrajywmawGaqmif
&G u f a y;Ed k i f ? tul t nD a y;Ed k i f
atmif 2011 ckESpftwGif;u jref
rmvkyfom;t&m&SdwpfOD;udk oHHk;
rSm xm;ay;cJhygw,f/ tck xdkif;
EdkifiHjrefrmoHHk;rSmawmh tvkyfo
rm;t&m&Sdudk 'DZifbmv 18 &uf
uaepNyD;awmh wGJzufwm0eft
aeeJY ay;tyfaqmif&GufapcJhyg
w,f}} [k tvkyform;0efBuD;Xm
e? tpdk;&jynfytvkyftudkifat
*sipf rD S wm0ef&o
dS w
l pfO;D u ajymjy
cJhygonf/
xdkif;EdkifiHonf jrefrma&TU
ajymif;vkyfom;rsm; trsm;qHk;
oGm;a&mufvkyfudkifonfhEdkifiHjzpf
NyD; vuf&SdtcsdefwGif jrefrmvkyf
om; ESpfoef;cefY&SdaeaMumif;ESifh
if;wdkYtwGufvdktyfaom tvkyf
orm;,m,DEikd if u
H ;l vufrw
S rf sm;
xkwfay;jcif;ESifh om;orD;rsm;
ynmoifMum;Edkifa&;ESifhywfouf
ESpfEdkifiHtpdk;&rS ndEdIif;aqmif
&Gufay;aeaMumif; owif;&&Sdyg
onf/
tvkyform;t&m&Sdrsm;tm;
jynfy&Sd rdrdEdkifiHqdkif&moHHk;rsm;
xm;&Sdjcif;udk a&TUajymif;vkyfom;
tjzpfoGm;a&mufvkyfudkifrIrsm;
onfhEdkifiHrsm;rS rdrdEdkifiHom;t
vkyform;rsm;\ta&;udprsm;
aqmif&Gufay;Edkif&ef wGJzufxm;
&Sdavh&Sd MuaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
t*FgN*dK[fod[f&moDcGiftwGif;&yfwnfumN*dK[fazmufjyefrIjzpfpOf
Zefe0g&Dv 25 &ufaehrS {NyDv 14 &ufaehtwGif;jzpfay:rnf
t*F g N*d K [f o d [ f & moD c G i f
twGif;&yfwnfum N*dK[fazmuf
jyefrIjzpfpOfZefe0g&Dv 25 &uf
aeYrS{NyDv 14 &ufaeYtwGif;jzpf
ay:rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
tqdkygt*FgN*dK[fod[f&moD
cG i f t wG i f ; &yf w nf u m N*d K [f
azmufjyefrIjzpfpOfonf 32 ESpf
vQifwpfBudrf jzpfay:avh&Sdum
1948 ckESpfwGifwpfBudrf? 1980
jynfhESpfwGif wpfBudrfjzpfay:cJh
aMumif; od&onf/
,if;jzpfpOftm; euwfygVd
tac:ta0:jzifP
h ,
d xH(k odYk)As*p m
usiMhf uHaomjzpfpOf[ak c:NyD; ,if;
umvt*FgN*dK[frpS rG ;f tm;tjynfh
t0ay;pGrf;Edkifavh&SdaMumif; od&
onf/ xdYk aMumifZh ef0g&Dv25 &uf
aeYrS{NyDv 14 &ufaeYtwGif;
t*FgN*dK[fod[f&moDcGiftwGif;
&yfwnfumN*dK[fazmufjyefrIjzpf
ay:rnfhjzpfpOftm;avhvmvdkyg
uazazmf0g&Dv 10 &uf? rwfv
8 &ufaeYESifh{NyDv 4 &ufaeYwdkY
v\teD;ta&SUbufrdk;aumif;
uif t*F g N*d K [f u d k rD ; usD c J
o@mefawmufypGmjrifawGY&rnf
jzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
xdkYtjyifrwfv 4 &ufaeY
vnf;t*FgN*dK[o
f nfurmESit
hf eD;
qHk;qHkrSwfudk a&muf&Sdrnfjzpf
onf/ xdYk tjyifrwfv 4 &ufaeY
vnf;t*FgN*dK[fonfurmESit
hf eD;
qHk;qHkrSwfudk a&muf&Sdrnfjzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
t&G,frSp jzpfyGm;aerIrsm;&Sd
vmaMumif;oGm;bufqdkif&maq;
wuodkvf ar;dk;ESifYcHwGif;cGJpdwf
ukXmerS tNidrf;pm;ygarmuXme
rSL;OD;udu
k akd rmifuajymjycJyh gonf/
]]jrefrmhdk;&mxHk;? uGrf;oD;?
Armaq;awGeYJ pm;aewmr[kwb
f J
jyKjyifxm;wJhaq;awGeJYpm;oHk;ae
wmjzpfwJhtwGuf uefYowfcsuf
awGr&SdbJ vG,fvG,f0,fvdkY&ae
orQumvywfv;kH uGr;f eJYywfouf
wJjh yemawGaemufyikd ;f ydrk sm;vm
rS m jzpf y gw,f } }[k & ef u k e f w d k i f ;
a'oBuD; apwemh0efxrf;rl;,pf
BuD;Muyfa&;rSL;toif;Ou|OD;pH&edS f
u qdkygonf/
]]uGrf;oD;jcrf;awGudk uefYeJY
pdrfvdkufwJhtcg uGrf;oD;uyGvm
w,f/ yGvmwJu
h rG ;f oD;udt
k a&mif
azG;NyD;vSaeatmif"mwkcRwfaq;
wpfrsKd;eJYta&mifcRwfw,f/ NyD;
awmha&aq;NyD;aevSe;f tajcmufcH
w,f / aq;&G u f B uD ; ud k v nf ;
t&uf? ysm;&nfawGeJYa&mpdrfxm;
NyD;awmh ESyfaq;oabmrsKd;toGif
ajymif;xm;w,f/ xHk;udkvnf;a&
eJYazsmf? tay:,Ha&MunfawGudk
oGefypfNyD;tenf;xkdifusefcJhwJhxHk;
tESpfom;udkrSyspfyspfazsmfxm;wJh
EdkYrIefYawGeJYa&mvdkufw,f/ xHk;udk
pm;wJYtcgrSmEdYkreI YfawGygwJt
h wGuf
xH;k om;uqdrq
hf rd ahf v;jzpfaew,f/
xHk;uvnf; jyKjyifxm;wJhtwGuf
obm0xHk;r[kwfawmhbl;/ 'g
oifwef;twGuf avQmufvTmrsm;
ac:,lvsuf&adS Mumif; jrefrmEdik if H
tjynfjynfqikd &f mukepf nfyYdkaqmif
a&;0efaqmifrIvkyfief;&Sifrsm;t
oif;rS owif;&&Sdonf/
tqdyk g oifwef;ukd ykYdaqmif
aMumif; od&onf/
oifwef;odYkt*Fvyd pf mtajccH
&SNd y;D tajccHynmtxufwef;atmif
jrifNyD;ol rnfolrqdk wufa&muf
Edkifum avQmufvTmrsm;ukd Logistic Training Center? jrefrmhqdyf
urf;tmPmykdifHk;0if;twGif; t
aqmif C ? yxrxyfodkY ay;ykdY
avQmufxm;EdkifaMumif; od&Sd&yg
onf/
ausmif;wGib
f mompum;oifwef;?
pm&if;ukid o
f ifwef;ESit
hf oufarG;
0rf;ausmif;bmom&yfrsm;jzpfonfh
wDA?D 'DA'D jD yKjyifenf;oifwef;rsm;
tjyif vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;zGHUNzdK;wdk;
wufa&;oifwef;rsm;udyk gydYk csay;
vsuf&adS Mumif;vnf; od&&dS onf/
]]tckqdk&if tywfpOf (44)
awGwifruygbl;/ tdrfeD;csif;
Edik if aH wGuaew&m;r0ifvrf;aMumif;
awGuwpfqifh wifoiG ;f vmMuwJh
EdkifwDwl;? zdk;wDzdkuf? pwm;Arm
aq;? qpf*e,fpwJhaq;jyif;awG
udv
k nf;xnfph m;Muygao;w,f/
'Daq;awG&UJ obm0utvGejf yif;
xefygw,f/ b*Fvm;a'h&Sfuae
0ifwjhJ yKjyifxm;wJu
h rG ;f oD;txkwf
av;awGuakd ps;uGux
f rJ mS a&mif;cs
aewmawGvnf; &Sdygw,f/tJ'g
awGtm;vH;k [mobm0udq
k efYusif
NyD;jyKjyifxm;wJ"h mwkaA'j'yfaygif;
awGjzpfygw,f/ pm;usihfygoGm;
&ifvnf;pGv
J rf;apwwfwt
hJ medoif
awG&ydS gw,f}}[k if;uqufvuf
ajymjycJhygonf/
at;yy
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
aq;Hkwufvlemta&twGuf
5645
5860
6139
6122
6060
6376
7467
OD;
OD;
OD;
OD;
OD;
OD;
OD;
*a[qufoifwef; tcrJhydkhcsrnf
tvkyo
f rm;0efBu;D Xme tvkyf
orm;nT e f M um;a&;OD ; pD ; XmerS
*a[quftcrJhoifwef;udk vm
rnfhZefe0g&Dv 25 &ufaeYzGifh
a&;oifwef;ausmif;zGifhvSpfydkYcs
ay;rnfjzpfNyD; ynmt&nftcsif;
ESifhtouftuefYtowfr&Sdoif
Mum;ay;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
13
international NEWS
dkar;eD;,m;wGif tpdk;&qefhusifqEjyrIxyfrHjzpfyGm;
dkar;eD;,m;wGif q,fausmf
oufausmif;om;rsm;tygt0if
vlaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmonf tpd;k &
\NcdK;jcHacRwma&;tpDtpOfrsm;ESihf
ywfoufqEjycJhMuNyD; tpdk;&
wpfzUGJ vH;k Ekwx
f u
G &f ef Zefe0g&Dv
19 &ufwiG f awmif;qdck o
hJ nf/ Ekid f
iHp;D yGm;a&;usqif;aeaomaMumifh
EkdifiHwumxHrSacs;aiG&&SdEkdifa&;
twGuf dkar;eD;,m;tpdk;&onf
EdkifiHwGif; toHk;p&dwfavQmhcsa&;
twGuv
f yk af qmif&jcif;jzpfonf/
,ckqEjyrIrSm NrdKUawmfblcg
&uf w G i f rMumao;rD E S p f r sm;
twGif; tBuD;rm;qHk;tpkd;&qefY
usifqEjyrIjzpfcJhonf/ NyD;cJhaom
oDwif;ywfuvnf; qEjyrIjzpf
yGm;cJNh yD; tiftm;oH;k ESrd ef if;jcif;cHchJ
&onf/ wuodkvf&ifjyifokdY qE
jyolrsm;a&muf&SdpOf vrf;rsm;udk
ydwfNyD;orw Traian Basescu udk
&mxl;rS EkwfxGuf&ef atmf[pf
awmif;qdkcJhonf/
,if;&ifjyifrmS 1989 ckEpS u
f
uGefjrLepfqefYusifa&;vlxkawmf
vSeaf &;ay:aygufc&hJ mae&mjzpfNyD;
'Drdkua&pDpwifrdwfqufay;cJh&m
wGio
f rdik ;f 0ifae&mwpfcjk zpfco
hJ nf/
Kodak
vufudkifuifr&mudk wDxGif
cJhaom Eastman Kodak ukrPD
onf Zefe0g&D 19 &ufaeYu a'
0gvDcH&ef avQmufxm;cJhonf/
orm;dk;usuifr&mvkyfief;wGif
a&SUaqmifurk P
jD zpfcahJ om Kodak
onf NydKifbufrsm;\ 'D*spfw,f
uifr&macwfu;l ajymif;rIwiG f 15
ES p f M umtxd e mcJ h & NyD ; aemuf
a'0gvDcH&jcif;jzpfonf/ Kodak
onf uif r &mrsm; xk w f v k y f
awmhrnfr[kwfbJ y&ifwmrsm;
xkwfvkyfjcif;udk tmkHpdkufvkyf
aqmifaeonf/ oufwrff; 113
jzKwfcscHcJh&NyD; jynfyxGuf
ajy;wdrf;a&SmifcJh&aom rm'g*wf
pumorwapmif;&mAmvdkrmem;
em;onf Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeY
wGif EkdifiHodkYav,mOfjzihf jyefvm
cJhaomfvnf; avydkifeuftwGif;
0ifa&mufcGihf jiif;y,fcHcJh&jcif;
aMumihf vSnhfjyefcJh&aMumif; ajym
cGihf&yk*dKvfu xkwfjyefcJhonf/
awmiftmz&duwGif aexdkif
aeol &mAmvdkrmem;em;onf *sKd
[efempbwfNrdKUavqdyfrS wpf
qihf tdE,
d ork'& mtwGi;f rS uRe;f
EkdifiHi,frm'g*wfpumodkYjyefvm
a&; 'kwd,tBudrfBudK;yrf;cJhjcif;
jzpfonf/
2009 ckESpf? rwfvu ppf
bufausmaxmufaemufcHjyK tm
Pmodrf;rIjzihf &mAmvdkrmem;em;
jzKwcf sccH &hJ NyD;aemuf i,f&,
G o
f nfh
tefwmemem&DANkd rdKUawmf0efa[mif;
twkduftcHacgif;aqmiftef'a&
&m*sKdvDem orwjzpfvmcJhonf/
Ref: CNN
,if;yrmPxufrsm;jym;onf[k
qEjyrIOD;pD;olrsm;u ajymMum;cJh
onf/
2009 ckESpfwGif dkar;eD;,m;
onf pD;yGm;a&; 7 'or 1 &mckdif
EIef;usqif;cJhojzifh tjynfjynf
qdkif&maiGaMu;&efyHkaiGtzJGU? Oa&m
yor*? urmhbPfwdkYrS ESpfESpf
uifr&mukrPD a'0gvDcH
ESpf&SdNyDjzpfaom Kodak ukrPD
onf 'D*spfw,facwfwGif tvsif
tjrefvu
kd rf &D ef ke;f uefc&hJ onf/
]]Kodak u zvifa&mif;NyD;
0ifaiGawG&&Scd yhJ gw,f/ 'D*spfw,f
uifr&macwfrSm b,folrSzvif
r0,fawmhygbl;/ 'Dvjkd zpfvmr,f
qkw
d mudk olwYkdBudKjrifcyhJ rHk &ygbl}}
[k enf;ynm0ufbq
f u
kd f ZDNet
rS t,f'Dwm0kvfbwf*Gwf0if;u
ajymMum;cJhonf/
Kodak onf NyD;cJhonfh 10
pkESpftwGif; &S,f,mrsm;usqif;
cJhNyD; 2004 ckESpfwGif tar&duef
emvifeD;wm0D;qifonf 2008
ckEpS u
f rl*gbDtpd;k &udk b@ma&;
ESifhaxmufyHhypnf;rsm; yhHydk;ay;cJh
onfqdkonfhpGyfpGJcsufrsm;aMumifh
tar&duefu olr\ydik q
f ikd rf rI sm;
udk xdef;csKyfxm;onf/
emvDeD;udk cefYtyfjcif;onf
tajccHOya'ESifhtnDjyKvkyfjcif;
omjzpfaMumif;,ifvyfcu
f owif;
axmufrsm;udk ajymMum;cJhonf/
emvDeD;onfrl*gbD\ZeD; *a&Upf
&DywfbvDuefygwD\ tar
&dueforwavmif; tBudKa&G;
aumufyGJrsm;wGif tapmqHk;jzpf
onfh tdkiftdk0ga&G;aumufyGJwGif
yifqDvfaA;eD;,m;jynfe,ftkyf
csKyfa&;rSL;a[mif;ESihf txuf
vTwfawmftrwf &pfqefwdk&rf
tEkid &f cJah Mumif; twnfjyKcJo
h nf
[k od&onf/
tBudKa&G;aumufyGJ NyD;pu
tBudKxkwfjyefrIwGif rufqmcsK;
qufjynfe,ftyk cf sKyaf &;rSL;a[mif;
rpf&Grfaeu &SpfrJrQ uyfomNyD;
Ekid cf o
hJ nf[k xkwjf yefcahJ omfvnf;
twnfjyKa&wGufrIrsm;tNyD;wGif
qefwdk&rfu 34 rJ tomjzihf
tEkdif&aMumif; &DywfbvDuefyg
wD tdkiftdk0gjynfe,fXmecJGu jyif
qifxkwfjyefcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
Ref: CNN
\ xdyfwef;ukrPD 30 pm&if;rS
z,fay;cJh&onf/
Kodak onf 'D*spw
f ,f"mwf
ykyH nmudk rlvwDxiG o
f w
l pfO;D jzpf
aomfvnf;aps;uGuw
f iG f jzpfxeG ;f
rIrsm;udk tvsifrDatmifrvdkufEdkif
cJhaomaMumifh zl*sDtygt0if NydKif
bufurk P
rD sm;u aps;uGuaf 0pkzhJ
ay;cJh&onf/
Kodak ukrP
u
D kd a*smt
h pd rf ef;
u 1892 ckESpfwGif w&m;0if
wnfaxmifcJhNyD; urmhyxrqkH;
vufudkifuifr&mudk wDxGifcJh
onf/
Ref: AFP
rm'g*wfpumorwa[mif;
jynfawmfjyefrnfUtpDtpOf ratmifjrif
udk,fpm;b@ma&;? tdrfjcHajrESifh
ausmufrsuf&wema&mif;0,fa&;
vkyif ef;rsm;udu
k n
l aD qmif&u
G af y;
cJhonf[k tar&duefb@ma&;
Xmeu 2008 ckESpfu xkwfjyefcJh
onf/ emvDe;D u rl*gbDro
d m;pkukd
oduRrf;cJhzl;aomfvnf; if;wdkYESifh
pD;yGm;a&;qufqrH rI &Sad Mumif; bef
aumufyYkdpo
f wif;pmodYk ajymMum;
cJhonf/
Ref:AFP
\pawmhwefz;kd onf
Zefe0g&D 19 &ufaeYu a':vm
400 bDvst
H xdjrifw
h ufc&hJ murmh
wefzdk;tjrifhqkH;enf;ynmukrPD
jzpfcJhNyD;aom ukrPDtwGufpHcsdef
wifjrifhwufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
Apple \&S,f,mwefzdk;rsm;
onf Zefe0g&D 19 &ufaeYwGif
431 'or 37 a':vmtxdjrifh
Apple
vHkjcHKrIr&Sdonfhae&mwGifvkyfudkif
ae&aMumif;udkvnf; ajymMum;cJh
onf/
qE j yrI r sm;onf t csd e f
tuefYtowfr&Sdqufvufjzpf
yGm; rnfjzpfaMumif; Gonzalez u
ajymMum;cJhonf/ukrPD\ vpm
ay; pepfajymif;vJcsdefwGif tcsuf
tvufrsm;rSm;,Gi;f rIjzpfcahJ Mumif;
tqdkygukrPD\ owif;pm&Sif;
vif;yGJwpfckwGif xkwfjyefcJhonf/
Ref:AFP
udk jyefvnfkwfodrf;cJhMuonf/
0DuyD ;D 'D;,m; 0ufbq
f u
dk u
f
uefYuGufonhftaejzihf t*Fvdyf
bmomjzihf wifaomtydkif;udk
wpf&ufwdwd ydwfxm;cJhonf/
*l;*Jvfuvnf; tar&duef
*l;*JvfyifrpmrsufESmwGif trnf
pmvHk;udk trnf;a&mifjzihftkyfum
]]uGef*&ufudkajymMuyg? uGef&uf
udk qifqmrvkyfygeJY}}[kazmfjycJh
onf/
Pipa Oya'Murf;udk yl;wGJ
yifv,fa&arSmfZD0avmifpmonf a&eHESifUausmufrD;aoG;ae&mtpm;xdk;EkdifzG,f&Sdae
yifv,fa&arSmf\ oMum;
"mwfupkd rG ;f tiftjzpfajymif;vJ Ekid f
onhf vQdKY0Sufcsufudk awGY&SdNyDjzpf
aomaMumihf yifv,fa&arSmfZD0
avmifpmonf a&eHEiS afh usmuf rD;
aoG ; ae&mud k tpm;xd k ; Ed k i f & ef
tvm;tvmtajrmuftrsm;&Sv
d m
NyDjzpfaMumif; pGrf;tifokawoe
ynm&Sifrsm;u xkwfjyefaMunm
cJhonf/
rsKd ; AD Z jyif q if z ef w D ; xm;
onhf tPkZ0ydk;wpfrsKd; u yif
v,fa&arSmt
f ndK\ oMum;"mwf
trsm;pkudk acszsufjzpfwnfoHo
&mt& 0g;rsKd;NyD; tDoaemtjzpf
xkwaf y;onhef nf;udk awGY&cdS NhJ yDjzpf
,m;tajcpdkuf ZD0Adokum"mwfcGJ
cef;u jyKvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
tjcm;tPkZD0ydk;rsm;ESihfrwlonf
rSm ,if;bufwD;&D;,m;onf yif
v,fa&arSmf\ t,fvf*sDedwf[k
ac:aom t"duoMum;"mwfzGJY
pnf;rIut
kd "duypfrw
S x
f m;Edik jf cif;
jzpfonf[kod&onf/ Ref: AFP
tqdkjyKol &DywfbvDueftxuf
vTwfawmftrwf rmudklAD,dku
oltaejzihf axmufcrH I yk o
f rd ;f vku
d f
NyD j zpf a Mumif ; aMunmcJ h o vk d
tjcm;trwfrsm;uvnf;raxmuf
cHaMumif;toD;oD;xkwfjyefcJhMu
onf/
txufvTwfawmfwGif ,if;
Oya'Murf;udak emuftywf quf
aqG;aEG;rnfjzpfaomfvnf;atmuf
vTwaf wmfwiG rf l oabmwlnrD &I &Sd
Ekdifonhftaetxm;wGifr&dSawmh
aMumif; atmufvTwfawmf Ou|
&DywfbvDueftrwf*Refbdkemu
xkwfjyefcJhonf/
tdrfjzLawmfajymcGihf&yk*dKvf
a*s;umeDuvnf; tGefvdkif;rSrlydkif
cGihfcsKd;azmufrIrsm;onf udkifwG,f
ajz&Sif;&rnfhudpjzpfaomfvnf;
tifwmeuf\vGwv
f yfru
I rkd xdyg;
aponhfenf;vrf;jzihfom oGm;&
rnfjzpfaMumif;xkwfjyefcJhonf/
,if;Oya'Murf;udu
k efYuu
G af Mumif;
vufrw
S af &;xk;d wifjyrIwiG v
f nf;
vufrSwfxdk;ol wpfodef;ausmf&Sd
aMumif; tdrfjzLawmfu xkwfjyef
cJhonf/
Ref: AFP,Daily Mail
puefhxyfwdk;rIpepfudk y,fzs,fa&;ndEdIif;rIratmifjrif
urmvnfywfrIt& trSefwu,f&SdonhftcsdefESihf em&Drsm;wGifjyoonhf tcsdefudkufnDapa&; tcgtm;
avsmfpGm em&DwGif wpuefYaygif;xnhfonfhpepfudk y,fzsufa&; qGpfZmvefEkdifiH*seDAmNrdKYwGif ynm&Sifrsm;
ndEdIif;cJhMuaomfvnf; atmifjrifrIr&cJhaMumif;od&onf/
tjynfjynfqkdif&mquf oG,fa&;or*u tESpf 40 Mum jrifhNyDjzpfonfh ,if;puefYxyfaygif;pepfudk
y,fzsu&f Efoihf roihaf qG;aEG;rItm; qufvufavhvm&ef&adS o;aomaMumih[
f q
k u
dk m a&TYqikd ;f &efq;kH jzwfcjhJ cif;
jzpfonf/ vdktyfovdkwpfpuefYpDxyfaygif;onfhpepft& tESpf 40 twGif; 24 puefYxyfaygif;ay;cJhNyDjzpf
onf/ ,if;pepfonf tcsderf eS af pa&;taxmuftuljyKaomfvnf; urmwpf0ef;&Sd csdwq
f ufo;kH &aom uGeyf sL
wmrsm;&Sd em&Drsm;udk wpuefYvdkufa&TYay;&jcif;aMumihf tcuftcJESihftrSm;t,Gif;rsm; jzpfay:avh&Sdonf/
tar&duef? jyifopf? *syefwkdYu OD;aqmifNyD; ,if;pepfudk z,f&Sm;&efawmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ Ref: AFP
iS u f z sm;aq;twk r sm;ES i f h
tqifhtwef;rrDaom iSufzsm;
aq;rsm;aMumifh ab;xGuq
f ;kd usdK;
rsm;ESifh aq;,Ofyg;rIjzpfvmEdkif
onfhtajctaersm; MuHKawGUvm
Edkifojzifh vloef;aygif;rsm;pGm\
touftE&m,ftwGuf pdk;&drf&
aMumif; atmufpzf Ykdwuov
kd af q;
okawoetzGUJ u if;wdYk\okaw
oeawGU&Sdcsuf rSwfwrf;rsm;t&
azmfjycJhonf/
,if;okawoetzGJU\awGU
&Sdcsuft& 2002 ckESpfrS 2010 ck
ESpftwGif;wGiftmz&duEdkifiH 11
EdkifiHwGifiSufzsm;aq;twkrsm;ESifh
t&nftaoG;rrDaomiSuzf sm;aq;
rsm;udka&mif;cscJhaMumif; awGY&dScJh
onf/ aq;twkrsm;wGif rlrrSef
aom tjcm;aq;0g;rsm; a&mpyf
yg0ifaeNyD; tpydkif;wGif a&m*g
vuPmrsm;ukd oufomapEdkif
aomfvnf; trSefwu,fukorI
ray;EdkifbJ ab;xGufqdk;usKd;BuD;
rm;pGmjzpfay:apEdkifaMumif; od&
cvkwyf pkH t
H wdik ;f t&G,t
f pm;BuD;
NyD; wDxGifcJhonfh tqdkyg cvkwf
onf tvsm; 12 ay? teH 5 ay
3 vufr? tjrifh 1 ay 8 vufr&Sd
NyD; tav;csdef 265 aygifcefY&Sd
onf/ tqdkyg cvkwfudk zefwD;
&eftwGuf tcsed f ig;vMumjrifNh yD;
aygif 4000 ukefuscJhonf/
jyo&eftwGuf wD
xGifcJh jcif;jzpfonf/
]]uReaf wmfwYkd BudK;pm;yrf;pm;
wDxiG cf rhJ w
I pfcyk g/ *dr;f eJYywfouf
NyD;uReaf wmfwYkdtl;trl;udk pGv
J ef;
Muygw,f}}[k tqdkygtzGJUxJrS
touf 23 ESpt
f &G,&f dS NAdwed t
f if
*sief ,
D mausmif;om; Ben Allen u
ajymMum;cJhonf/
*drf;cvkwf\ t&G,ftpm;
aMumifh tqdkygcvkwfudk ESdyf&ef
(odYkr[kw)f cke&f eftwGuf vlEpS Of ;D
xufrenf;vdktyfrnfjzpfonf/
Ref:Daily Mail
16
international News
xkwf jyefajymMum;cJhonf/
ql'efESifh awmifql'efwGif
awmifql'efonf ajrmufql
'efxHrS 2011 ckESpf? ZlvdkifvwGif
vGwfvyfa&;&SdcJhNyD;aemuf a&eH
xGuf&Sd&m Kordofan? Blue Nile
?Unity State ESifh Edkif;jrpftxuf
ydkif;e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif wdkufyGJ
rsm;qufvufjzpfyGm;aejcif;jzpf
onf/ra&rwGuEf ikd af om touf
aygif;rsm;pGmqufvuf qHk;IH;ae
NyD; ESpfzufpvHk;u a&eHrS&aom
0ifaiGtwGuftjiif;yGm;aeovdk
awmifql'efwGifvnf; rsKd;EG,fpk
rsm;tMum;wdkufyGJrsm; qufvuf
jzpfyGm;aeonf/
awmiftmz&duqdkif&m ql
'ef oHtrwf tvD,q
l w
G t
f ,fvf
&Sm&pfzfuvnf; ql'ef\ tajc
taeonfqrkd mvD,mxufq;kd ae
aMumif;ajymMum;cJo
h nf/Ref:CNN
tD*spforwa[mif;rlbm&uf
uifqma&m*gtwGuf "mwfuif&rnfr[kwf
cial Times
azmfoHk;EIef;cJhjcif;yifr&Sdovdk od
vnf;od&SdcJhjcif;r&SdaMumif; trm
EkduajymMum;cJhonf/
tD & ef o nf tar&d u ef O D ;
aqmifaom pD;yGm;a&;ydwq
f Ykdta&;
,lrIMuHKawGUae&csdefwGif EsLodyH
ynm&SiftowfcH&rI? olvQKdrIp
aom udpr sm;vnf; MuHKawGUae&
onf/ EsLodyHynm&SifvkyfMuHcH&
tNyD; ,if;ynm&SifwdkYtwGuf vHk
nTefMum;xm;onf/
tD&efonf NyD;cJah omoDwif;
ywfrsm;u ,la&eD,rfoefYpifpuf
Ho
k pfukd xkwjf yefjcif;ESit
hf wl az
azmf0g&DvwGif a[mfrkZfa&vuf
Mum; a&wyfppfa&;avhusifhrI
xyfrjH yKvyk &f efaMunmjcif;wdYak Mumifh
taemufEkdifiHrsm;twGuf pkd;&drfrI
jrifhwufapcJhonf/
Ref:AFP
v,form;wpfOD;jzpfNyD; if;\
bJrsm;rSwpfqihf a&m*gul;pufcH
&jcif;[kwfr[kwfudk ynm&Sifrsm;
u pHkprf;ppfaq;aeMuonf/
AD,uferfwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u
rl ta&;ay: tajctaetjzpf
aMunm&efrvdk tyfao;aMumif;
ESiahf wmifyikd ;f jynfe,frsm;&Sd tajc
taeudk pHkprf;&ef usef;rma&;
tzGUJ rsm;apvTwx
f m;NyD;jzpfaMumif;
ajymMum;cJhonf/
uarm'D;,m;EdkifiHrS aoqHk;
oGm;aomuav;i,frSm uarm'D;
,m;EdkifiH taemufajrmufydkif;&Sd
befaw;rif;acs;jynfe,frSjzpfNyD;
a&m*gjzpfaeaomMuufiSufwpf
aumifaumifEiS x
hf ad wGUrd&mrSa&m*g
ul;pufcH&jcif;jzpfzG,f&Sdonf[k
urmhusef;rma&;tzGJU(WHO) u
xkwfjyefonf/
Muuf i S u f w k y f a uG ; a&m*g
aMumifh 2003 ckESpfrSpwifum
urmwpf0ef;vHk;wGif vlaygif;
340 ausmfaoqHk;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/
ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHrsm;xJwGif
AD,uferfonf aoqHk;rI trsm;
qH;k Ekid if jH zpfNyD; 2003 ckEpS rf S pwif
umvlaygif; 59 OD;aoqHk;cJhNyD;
uarm'D;,m;EdkifiHwGifrl 17 OD;
aoqHk;cJhonf/
Ref;AFP
tD*spforwa[mif; rlbm
&ufonf uifqma&m*gtwGuf
"mwfuif&rnfr[kwfaomfvnf;
<uufom;rsm;tm;enf;jyD; vIy&f mS ;
rIrSmvnf; tuefYtowf&Sdae
aMumif; Zefe0g&Dv 18 &ufaeYu
tifwmAsL;wpfcw
k iG f rlbm&uf\
q&m0efuajymMum;cJhonf/
]]olUrSm 'Da&m*g(uifqm)r
&Sdbl;qdkwm aocsmatmifckxdppf
aq; prf;oyfrIawG jyKvkyfaeyg
w,f/ cktcsdefxdawmh olYrSmtJ'D
a&m*g&Sad ew,fqw
kd m &mEIe;f jynfh
raocsmao;ygbl;/ aemufjyD;bm
"mwkux
k ;Hk rSvnf; rvky&f ao;yg
bl;}}[k uifqmtxl;uk,mqm
tufb'f v
J af u'gu tpd;k &owif;
pmt,fvt
f m[&rfoYkd ajymMum;cJh
onf/
w&m;cGifjyefvnfppfaq;rI
'kwd,aeYtjzpf ppfaq;kHwpfckrS
av,mOfjzifhvma&mufjyD; rlbm
&ufonf wGef;vSnf;jzifhw&m;kH;
xJodkY 0ifa&mufum trlqdkifNyD;
aemufq&m0ef\ok;H oyfcsux
f u
G f
ay:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
ESvkH;a&m*gtwGuf ukorIcH
,lae&aom rlbm&ufonf vGecf hJ
onfhESpf Mo*kwfv 3 &ufaeYu
pwif w&m;cGifppfaq;uwnf;
u wpfBudrfomxdkifvsuf tppfcH
Edik cf NhJ yD; tjrJwrf;yif aq;kt
H yd &f m
ay:rSom tppfcHcJhonf/
Ref:AFP
,DriforwtvDtA'lvm
qmvuf[\
f rdom;pkonf buf
oD,mjynfe,f&Sd &uf'gNrdKUokdY
t,fvaf u;'g;rsm; 0ifa&mufru
I kd
&nf&,
G cf suf&&dS dS cGijhf yKcJNh yD; rwnf
NidrfrIrsm;jzpfay:ap&ef vkyfaqmif
cJah Mumif;tBuD;qH;k twdu
k t
f cHneG Yf
aygif;u tjypfwifcJhonf/
,if;uJo
h Ydk rwnfNidrrf jI zpfymG ;
apjcif;jzifh orwa&G;aumufyJG
aESmifhaES;apatmifjyKvkyfum tm
PmvJaT y;a&;udpt
xrajrmufap
&ef tMuHtpnfjzifhvkyfaqmifcJh
aMumif; Joint Meeting Parties
(JMP) u pGyfpJGcJhonf/
t,fvfau;'g;ppfaoG;<u
rsm;onf&uf'gNrdKUodYk aoewfwpf
csufrazmuf&bJ xdef;csKyfEkdifcJhNyD
jzpfaMumif;? ,if;NrKd UwGif qmvuf[f
\tBuD;qHk;om;tmruf\ wyf
rsm;u vHkjcHKa&;wm0ef,lxm;
aMumif;vlrsKd;pkacgif;aqmiftrsm;
tjym;u pDtifeftifefodkY ajym
Mum;cJhonf/
vHkjcHKa&;wm0ef,lxm;aom
orw\ awmfveS af &;tapmifw
h yf
rsm;u jyefvnfwdkufcdkufjcif;rjyK
bJ tb,faMumifh kww
f &ufqw
k f
cGmoGm;oenf;[k &uf'gNrdKUrS vl
rsKd;pkacgif;aqmiftA'v
l mt,fvf
bm&ufuDu ajymMum;cJhonf/
&uf'gNrdKUrSm Ekid if NH rdKUawmfqm
tpdk;&qefYusifol axmif
aygif;rsm;pGmu Zefe0g&Dv 18
&ufwiG f qmvuf[\
f wlEiS hf om;
rsm;onf NrdKUudk t,fvfau;'g;
wdkYxHa&mif;pm;NyD; EkdifiHrwnfNidrf
jzpfatmif BudK;yrf;aeaMumif;?
tmPmcsKyu
f ikd Ef ikd af &;twGuf wpf
Ekid if v
H ;kH udzk suq
f ;D &efMuHaeaMumif;
qEjycJhonf/
Ref:CNN
regional NEWS
0efBuD;csKyf&w
dS cf [
f mqDem\tpd;k &tm; jzKwfcsrnfh ppfbuftmPm
odrf;&efMuHpnfrIwpfckudk azmfxkwfEdkifcJhaMumif; b*Fvm;a'h&Sfppfwyfu
Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeYwGif xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/
bmoma&;tpGef;a&muft,ltqrsm;&Sdaom vuf&Sdwm0efxrf;
aqmifqJ ppfbuft&m&Srd sm;ESit
hf Nidr;f pm;ppfbuft&m&Srd sm; yg0ifonfh
tkypf w
k pfcu
k tqdyk gtpDtpOfujkd yKvkyjf cif;jzpfaMumif; Adv
k rf LS ;csKyfr[
kd m
rufrmqGwf&mZufu ajymMum;cJhonf/
,if;tpDtpOfukd Ekid if &H yfjcm;&Sd b*Fvm;a'h&EfS ikd if o
H m;rsm;uvIYaH qmf
yHyh ;kd cJjh cif;jzpfonf[k Adv
k rf LS ;csKyf&mZufu ajymMum;cJNh yD; ppfbuftmPm
odr;f &ef tpDtpOfujkd yKvkyo
f w
l pfO;D onf a[mifaumifwiG f aexdik zf ,
G f
&SdaMumif; ppfwyfajyma&;qdkcGifh&SdolwpfOD;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
tqdkygudp& yfESifhywfouf tNidrf;pm;'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; tDqef
,lqGwfESifh AdkvfrSL;ZmuD;,m;wdkYudk zrf;qD;xm;NyD;tNidrf;pm;AkdvfcsKyf
Zdkif,,fvf[ufudk vdkufvH&SmazGaeaMumif;od&onf/ ppfbuftmPm
odrf; &efpDpOfrIwGif tNidrf;pm;ESifh vuf&Sdwm0efxrf;aqmifaeMuonfh
ppfwyft&m&Sd 16 OD;yg0ifonfh taxmuftxm;rsm;udk&&Sdxm;aMumif;
ppfwyfu ajymMum;xm;onf/
2007 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dva&G;aumufyGJtNyD; EkdifiHa&;rwnfNidrfrI
aMumifh ppfwyfuwifajrmufNyD; taxmuftyhaH y;cJo
h nfh Mum;jzwftpd;k &
u ESpEf pS Mf umtkycf sKyfcNhJ yD;aemufwiG f vuf&0dS efBuD;csKyf[mqDem\ ]t0grD
vd*f} ygwDu 2009 ckESpf a&G;aumufyGJwGif jywfjywfom;om;tEdkif&cJh
onf/
[mqDemtpdk;&tmPm&&SdNyD; ESpfvtMumwGif vpmESifhtjcm;cH
pm;cGifhrsm;qdkif&mwyfwGif;ykefuefrIaMumifh e,fpyfjynfolYppft&m&Sd 57
OD;tygt0if vlaygif; 74 OD;aoqHk;cJh&onf/ [mqDem\ zcifrSm
b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH\ vGwfvyfa&;zcifBuD;&Sdwfcfrl*sDbm&mrefjzpfNyD;
1975 ckESpfEkdifiH\ yxrqHk;ppfbuftmPmodrf;rIwGif vkyfMuHowf
jzwfccH &hJ onf/ ppfbufAv
kd cf sKyfBuD;b0rS orwjzpfvmonhf Zdik ,
f m&m
refonfvnf; 1981 ckESpf ppfbuftmPmodrf;rIwGif vkyfMuHowfjzwf
cH&NyD; if;\ZeD;jzpfolcgvD'gZD,monf0efBuD;csKyfoufwrf; ESpfBudrf
a&G;cs,fcHcJh&um ,cktcgvTwfawmftwGif; twdkuftcHacgif;aqmif
wpfOD;jzpfonf/
Ref: CNN
18
qD;&rdcjhJ cif;jzpfaMumif;wm0ef&o
dS l
rsm;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
]]yk*v
u
d aq;kw
H pfcu
k Okd ;D pD;
aeNyD; ajr,modr;f rIawGaqmif&u
G f
zdYk 'kw,
d Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;tjzpf ok;H ESpf
avmuf[efaqmifaecJw
h v
hJ w
l pfO;D
udk uRefawmfwYkd zrf;qD;&rdxm;yg
w,f}}[ktqifjh rif&h 0J efxrf;wpfO;D
u ajymMum;cJhonf/ &Jrsm;udk
rMumcPa&Smifwrd ;f Edik cf ahJ om &Sm;
onf Edik if jH cm;wGiaf &muf&adS eaom
tNidr;f pm;Adv
k rf LS ;BuD;a[mif;wpfO;D
ESifh nDtpfudkawmfNyD; if;wGif ppf
0wfpkHtwk? AK 47 kdifz,fwpf
vufESifh Blackberry zkef;wpfvkH;
wdYkukd odr;f qnf;&rdcahJ Mumif; &J0ef
xrf;wpfOD;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
&Sm;onf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU0if
0efBuD;rsm;udkvdrfvnfcJhNyD; Pir
Pagara wGif MoZmBuD;aoma'o
cHEdkifiHa&;orm;wpfOD;\ tokb
tcrf;tem;wdYkyif wufa&mufco
hJ l
jzpfonf/ &Sm;udk kH;wifppfaq;
oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; jypfrIxif&Sm;awGU
&Syd gu axmif'Pf ig;ESpt
f xduscH
&Edkifonf/
Ref: AFP
rMumao;cifESpfrsm;twGif; ruf
vkH;rsm;ay;cJhonf/
arG;EIef; usqif;rIu xdkif0rf
pD;yGm;a&;udk xdcdkufapEdkifaom
aMumif h uav;arG ; zG m ;rI r sm;
twGuf aiGom;vufaqmifrsm;
ay;jcif;? uav;apmifah &SmufrrI sm;
ay;jcif;wdkY aqmif&GufcJhonf/
,refESpfu xdkif0rfwGif uav;
19
international News
AD,uferfEkdifiHtv,fydkif;
xdkif;tpdk;&\ xdkif;qefaps;
EIef;rsm;jrifhwufap&rnfqdkaom
uwdjyKrIpDrHudef;aMumifh AD,uf
erfEdkifiHonf urmhtBuD;qHk; qef
wifydkYrIEkdifiHjzpfaom xdkif;EdkifiH\
ae&modYk tpm;xd;k 0ifa&mufvmEdik f
aMumif; ydkYukefuRrf;usifolrsm;rS
cefYrSef;xm;Muygonf/
xdkif;qefwifydkYolrsm; tzGJY
tpnf;\pm&if;rsm;t& if;wdYk\
qef wifydkYrIonf ,ckESpftwGif;
6 'or 5 oef;txdusqif;oGm;
rnfjzpfNyD; ,if;yrmPonf ,ck
Tuy Hoa
q,fpEk pS t
f wGi;f tedrq
hf ;kH yrmP
jzpfonf/ urmhaps;uGuftwGif;
xdik ;f qefa0pkonfvnf; ,refEpS f
u 30 'or 2 &mckdifEIef;txd&Sd
&mrS ,ckESpfwGif 20 rS 25 &mcdkif
EIef;txd usqif;oGm;rnfjzpf
onf[k cefYrSef;xm;onf/
tjcm;aom xdik ;f qefwifyUkd rI
twGuf tEIwfvuPmrsm;rSm
azazmf&v
D u wifyYkd&ufausmv
f eG f
oGm;aomqefrsm;tm; tdEd,rS
tpm;xdk;wifydkYcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ AD
,uferfonf ,ckESpftwGif;
um;wdkufcH&ol ESpfESpft&G,fuav;i,ftm;
aq;Hkydkhay;cJUonfUtrsKd;orD;vlrIxl;cRefqk&&Sd
wkwfEkdifiH NyD;cJhonfh atmufwdkbmvujzpfyGm;cJhaom ESpfESpf
t&G,fuav;i,ftm; um;wdkufrIwGif if;uav;i,ftm; aq;kHodkY
ydkYaqmifcJhonfhtrIdufodrf;oltrsKd;orD;tm; vlrIxl;cRefqkay;cJhaMumif;
qif[Gmowif;XmerS xkwfjyefcJhygonf/
tGefvdkif;AD'D,dkrSjzpfpOfwpfavQmufvHk;tm; dkuful;xm;&m if;
ESpfESpft&G,f rdef;uav;i,fonf vrf;ay:wGif aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;jzifh
owdarhaeaomfvnf; uav;eHab;jzwfavQmufoGm;ol tenf;qHk;
18 OD;&dScJh&m wpfpHkwpfOD;urQ *kpdkufvSnfMunfhjcif;r&dSay/tqdkygjzpf
&yfonf wkwfwpfrsKd;om;vkH;tm; xdwfvefYwkefvlyfapNyD; vQifjrefpGm
wd;k wufvmaom NrdKUjyt*Fg&yfrsm;aMumifjh zpfonf[o
k ;kH oyfMuygonf/
,if;uJo
h Ykd,,
kd iG ;f vmaom pdw"f mwfrsm;Mum; av;pm;zG,&f m ay:
xGufvmaomtouf 58 ESpft&G,f? trIdufodrf;oltm; wkwfjynfol
oef;aygif;rsm;pGmu tGefvdkif;rSwpfqifh axmufcHrJay;cJhaomaMumifh
qif[Gmowif;Xmeonf kyfjrifoHMum;rSwpfqifh if;trsdK;orD;tm;
vlrIxl;cRefqkay;cJhJjcif;jzpfygonf/
Ref: AFP
jynfe,f&Sd v,fuGif;wpfck
*sufprifqefrsm;tm; ESpfqwdk;
wefcsdef 80000 txd wdk;jrifh
wifydkYoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; tjcm;aom
qefpu
kd yf sKd;onfEh ikd if rH sm;jzpfonfh
b&m;ZD;ESifhOka*G;wdkY\ qefwif
ydkYrIrsm;onfvnf; jrifhwufvmcJh
onf/ uarm'D;,m;rSvnf; ,ck
ESpftwGif; qefwefcsdefwpfoef;
wifydkYzG,f&dS jrefrmEkdifiHrS aygif;
qefrsm;\ wifydkYrIonfvnf;
t&Sdeft[kefjzifh jrifhwufvmyg
onf/
urmay:&dS pm;okH;olrsm;\
onf ESdyfpufcH&rIrsm;aMumifh ao
qHk;cJh&onf/
Mutairi udk ni;f yef;ESy
d pf ufrI
aoqH;k cJo
h nft
h jzpftysuaf Mumif;
ul0w
d jf ynforl sm;wkev
f yI cf &hJ ovdk
ul0dwfjynfxJa&;0efBuD;a[mif;
Sheikh Jaber Khaled al Sabah udk
vnf;&mxl;Ekwx
f u
G rf jI zpfapcJo
h nf/
Mutairi onf tjyif; txef
ni;f yef;ESyd pf ufc&H rIaMumifah jcmuf
&uftMumwGif aoqHk;cJhaMumif;
ppfaq;awGY&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
Ref: AFP
w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKaMumif;udk
e,l;a,mufNrdKU? ukvor*&dS tjrJ
wrf;tzJGU0ifrsm;ESifh avhvmol
tqifhEkdifiHtm;vHk;udk today;cJh
aMumif; xdkif;EkdifiH\owif;xkwf
jyefa&;wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajym
Mum;cJhonf/
0g'jzefYcsdxkwfjyefonf/ uif*sKH
tDvaf e&mqufco
H l uif*sKHteG \
f
ppfpcef;okdYwpfvtwGif; 'kwd,
tBud r f a jrmuf vnf y wf r I j zpf
onf/
uif*sKHtGef\c&D;pOfwGif xl;
jcm;csut
f aejzihf oGm;a&mufonhf
ae&mudk zcifuJhokdYvQKdU0Sufxm;cJh
jcif;r&Sad y/ ajrmufu&dk ;D ,m;tpd;k &
onf uif*sKHtGefudk zcifuif*sKH
tDvf? tbdk;uiftDvfqGef;wdkYuJh
odYk yif yk*Kd vfa&;ud;k uG,rf &I adS p&ef
0g'jzefYcsda&;udk tm;pdkufvkyfudkif
vsuf&Sdonf/
Ref: AFP
21
international NEWS
aomaMumihf 0g&SifwefESihfquf
oG,fa&;udk csdwfqufxm;&ef
tpa&;acgif;aqmifydkif;udk 'rf
aq;u wkdufwGef;oGm;cJhonf/
ppfOD;pD;csKyfrsm;tzGJYOu|
wm0efudk NyD;cJhonhfESpfatmufwkd
bmvu 'rfaq;&,lNyD;aemuf
ydkif; yxrqHk;tBudrf tpa&;odkY
vma&muf&mwGif tpa&;orw?
0efBuD;csKyf? umuG,fa&;0efBuD;?
ppfOD;pD;csKyfwkdYESihfawGYqHkcJhonf/
aqG;aEG;rIwGifta&SUtv,f
ydkif;vHkjcHKa&;ESihf tD&efEsLta&;?
tD&ef\a[mfrkZfa&vufMum;udk
ydwyf pfEidk af cswYdkukd t"duaqG;aEG;
cJhonf/ tpa&;0efBuD;csKyfbif*s
rifaewef,m[ku vHak vmufjcif;
r&Sdao;[k NyD;cJhonhftywfu
Oa&myor*u
tD&efa&eHwifoGif;rIukd
Zlvkdif 1 &ufrS
pwifydwfyif&efaqG;aEG;
Oa&myor*onf tD&efa&eH
wifoGif;rIudk Zlvkdifv 1 &ufaeY
rSpwifNyD; ydwyf if&efaqG;aEG;aeNyD;
tzJGU0ifEkdifiHrsm;taejzifh ajcmuf
wmtwGif; tD&efESifhvuf&Sdvkyf
aqmifaeaom oabmwlnDcsuf
rsm;udk NyD;jywfatmifvyk af qmif&ef
tcsdeaf y;xm;aMumif; Oa&myor*
tvSnu
hf sOu|wm0ef,x
l m;aom
'def;rdwfESifh Oa&myor*oHwref
rsm;u Zefe0g&Dv 17 &ufwGif
ajymMum;cJhonf/
tD&efa&eHwifoGif;rItay:
ydwfyif&ef Oa&mor*u rltm;
jzifh oabmwlxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
Oa&myor*onf tD&efxHrS
NyD;cJhaomESpfwGif a&eHig;yHkwpfykH
0,f,cl NhJ yD; t"du0,f,o
l w
l kwf
ESihf tNydKiftqdik jf zpfco
hJ nf/ tDw
vD? pydef? *&dEkdifiHwdkYrSm tD&efa&
eHut
kd "du0,f,o
l rl sm;jzpfonf/
wpfaeYvQiaf &eHpnf 2 'or
6 oef;xkwaf eaom tD&efa&eHwif
oGi;f rIuykd w
d yf ifvu
dk yf gu Ekid if w
H
umaps;uGuw
f iG af &eHaps;jrifw
h uf
oGm;Ekdifovdk tD&efjynfolrsm;
twGuv
f nf;ukeaf ps;EIe;f jrifw
h uf
usyfwnf;rIESihfMuHKawGY&Ekdifonf/
Ref: Reuters
onf/
]]tE&m,f&w
dS hJ tajctaexJ
udk udk,fhudk,fudkqGJroGif;MuygeJY
vdkY uRefawmfwdkY&JYtdrfeD;csif;EdkifiH
awGudk owday;ajymcsifygw,f}}
[k tD&efEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;qm
av[Du ajymMum;cJhonf/
tar&dueftaejzifh BudKwif
owfrSwfxm;csufrsm; ryg0ifbJ
aumif;rGew
f &hJ nf&,
G cf sufxm;&Szd Ykd
&,f BudKwifowfrw
S cf suaf wGryg
wJh aqG;aEG;rIjyKvkyfzdkY&,f vdkyg
w,f/ 'DwpfBudrrf mS trSew
f u,f
aqG;aEG;csifw,fqdkwm vufcH&
atmif dk;om;wJhenf;AsL[mawG
udk usifhoHk;zdkYvdktyfygw,f}} [k
qmav[Du ajymMum;cJhonf/
Ref: Reuters
a&eHo,f,rl t
I wGuf t"du
vrf;aMumif;jzpfaeaom a[mfrkZf
a&vufMum;udk ydwfypf&ef rnf
onh f t cgurQ tpD t pOf r &S d c J h
aMumif; tD&efEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
tvDtuf*fbmqmav[Du Zefe
0g&Dv 19 &ufaeYwGifajymMum;cJh
onf/
tD&efonf NyD;cJhonhf 'DZif
bmvu urmhwpf0ef;a&eHwifydkY
rI\ ig;yHkwpfyHkjzwfoef;&m a[mf
rkZfa&vufMum;ukdydwfypfrnf[k
wkHYjyefcJhzl;&m ,ckpum;onf o
abmxm; jyefvnfaysmhajymif;
a[mfrkZfa&vufMum;udk zGifhxm;&efvdktyfaMumif;
wkwf0efBuD;csKyfajymMum;
a&eHwifoabFmrsm;oGm;vm
aom r[mAsL[majrmuf a[mfrkZf
a&vufMum;udk tD&efu ydwfypf
rnf[kNcdrf;ajcmufrIjzpfay:aepOf
,if;a&vufMum;zGix
hf m;&efrmS t
a&;BuD;aMumif; a&eH<u,f0aom
yifv,fauGUa'ookdY a&eHc&D;pOf
xGuaf eaom wkw0f efBuD;csKyf0rf
usm;aygifu Zefe0g&Dv 18 &uf
wGif tav;xm;ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
a[mfrZk af &vufMum;vHjk cHKa&;
&S&d efrmS Ekid if t
H m;vH;k \tusK;d pD;yGm;
twGuf ta&;ygaMumif; umwm
EkdifiH 'dk[mNrdKUokdYa&muf&SdcJhaom
0rfusm;aygifu ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
wkwfonf tD&efa&eHESifh
"mwfaiGUudk t"du0,f,laeaom
Edik if jH zpfonft
h wGuf tD&efa&eHt
ay: ydwq
f Ykdta&;,lrjI yKvyk rf nfukd
vufrcHcJhay/
tD&efa&eHydwfqdkYta&;,lrI
MuHK&Edik cf sdew
f iG f wkw0f efBuD;csKyf
onftESpf 20 twGif; a&eHtrsm;
qHk;xkwfvkyfaom aqmf'Dtma&As
okdY yxrqHk;tBudrfoGm;a&mufcJh
jcif;jzpfonf/
Ref: AP
tma&Asyifv,fokdh a&muf&SdNyD;
USS Carl Vinson av,mOfwifoabFmESifU yl;aygif;
tar&d u ef a v,mOf w if
oabFm USS Abraham Lincoln
onf Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufwGif
tma&Asyifv,fodkYa&muf&SdvmcJh
&m ,if;yifv,fwGif,cif&SdaecJh
aom USS Carl Vinson av,mOf
wifoabFmESifh yl;aygif;cJhonf/
a[mfrZk af &vufMum;ydwyf pfrnf[k
tD&efu Ncdr;f ajcmufrjI zpfay:aepOf
tar&duefuav,mOfwifoabFm
wpfp;D xyfraH pvTwcf jhJ cif;jzpfonf/
av,mOfwifoabFmaemuf
wpfpD; USS John Stennis rSm NyD;
cJhaom&ufydkif; ,if;ae&mrS jyef
vnfxu
G cf mG cJNh yD; ypdzw
d t
f aemuf
bufa'oodkY OD;wnfxGufoGm;cJh
aMumif;od&onf/ USS Lincoln
oabFmonf a[mfrZk af &vufMum;
udkjzwf yg&Sef;yifv,fauGUokdY
oGm;a&mufrnfjzpfonf/ tar&d
uefppfbufonf yifv,fauGUa'
owGif av,mOfwifoabFmudk
wyfpx
JG m;jcif;tm; qufvufvyk f
aqmifrnf[k wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u
ajymMum;cJNh yD; rnfonft
h csdew
f iG f
av,mOfwifoabFmta&TUtajymif;
jyKvkyfrnfudkrl rajymMum;cJhay/
USS Stennis oabFmonf
yifv,fauGUa'orS NyD;cJah om&uf
ydik ;f twGi;f u xGucf mG oGm;cJ&h m tD
&efwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u tar&duef
av,mOfwifoabFmxyfrrH apvTwf
&ef owday;cJhaomfvnf; tar&d
wpfygwnf;yg&Sdaom oabFmtkyfpk
,if;a'o&Sd tD&efawmfvSef
a&;tapmifhwyfrSL;rsm;\ordkif;
aMumif;rsm;udk tar&duefaxmuf
vSr;f a&;rsm;uaemufa,mifcv
H u
kd f
aeNyD; ,if;wyfrSL;rsm;onf wD[D
&ef&Sd tBuD;wef;wyfrLS ;rsm;\uGyf
uJrIatmufwGif tjynfht0&Sd? r&Sd
udk apmifhMunfhaeaMumif; tar&d
ueftpdk;&wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u ajym
Mum;cJhonf/
Ref:CNN;USS
Page 23
ed'gef;
EkdifiHawmforwBuD; OD;odef;
pdefvufxufjrefrmEdkifiH\ jzpf
ay:wd k ; wuf r I o nf zG J Y pnf ; yk H
tajccHOya'yg ay;xm;csufrsm;
udk taumiftxnfazmfonfh vkyf
aqmifcsurf sm;yg0ifaeaomfvnf;
t"d u tm;jzif h or w BuD ; ES i f h
acgif;aqmifrsm;\ EkdifiHa&;pdwf
&if;apwemrS xGufay:vmaom
&v'frsm;jzpfonf/ orwBuD;
twGuf t"dupdefac:rIBuD;(3)&yf
(EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? jynfwGif;
Nidrf;csrf;a&;)onf tem*wfEkdifiH
awmf E S i f h Ek d i f i H o m;tm;vk H ; \
ta&;BuD;vSaom tem*wfjzpfae
onf/ vuf&Sdaqmif&GufrIrsm;
onf aemifrsKd;qufrsm;txdBuD;
rm;pGm oufa&mufrI&Sdaernfjzpf
Ekid if o
H m;tm;vk;H twGut
f ouf
wrQ ta&;BuD;vSaom Ekid if t
hH a&;
udk Stake Holder tm;vkH;u tmkH
jyKMu&ef vdktyfjcif;jzpfonf/
Edik if t
hH a&;udo
k wdrrlbJ Edik if o
H m;
(tcsKdU)ta&;udk OD;pm;ay;&efvkyf
aqmifvmEkdifaomtvm;tvm
rsm;jrifawGUvmEkid jf cif;aMumifEh ikd if H
om;(tcsKdU)ta&;ESifh EdkifiHa&;udk
jrifatmifMunfhMuapvdkonf/
orwBuD;OD;odef;pdefonf
EkdifiHhta&;twGuf rSefonfxif
onfudk jywfjywfom;om;vkyf
aqmifwwfoljzpfjcif;udk jrpfqkH
qk H ; jzwf c suf ? ausmuf r D ; aoG ;
pufkHrsm;pGefYvTwfonfh qkH;jzwf
csuf? (aemufqkH;aom)vGwfNidrf;
csrf;omcGifhqkH;jzwfcsufwdkY rSwpf
qifjh rifawGUae&jcif;aMumift
h jcm;
aom Stake Holder rsm;taejzifh
EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? jynfwGif;
Nidr;f csrf;a&;vkyif ef;pOfBuD; (3)&yf
udt
k mkjH yKok;H oyfMu&efvt
kd yfvm
NyDjzpfonf/ rdrw
d Ykdu,
kd pf m;jyKonfh
vlYtzGJUtpnf;(tenf;pk)tusKd;
ESiq
hf Euakd &SUwef;wifro
d jzifh Edik if H
om;tm;vk;H ud,
k pf m;jyKonfv
h Ul tzGUJ
tpnf;Bu;D wpfcv
k ;Hk \tusK;d ESifhqE
udx
k cd u
kd ef pfemaprnft
h &dyt
f a,mif
rsm;jrifvmEdik zf ,
G &f m&So
d nfo
h abm
udkNcKHikHrdojzifhvlYtzGJUtpnf;BuD;
wpfckvkH;\ tusKd;udk bkH&yfwnf
csuftjzpfowfrSwfay;yg&eft
aMumif;wifjy&jcif;vnf;jzpfonf/
All Inclusive
EkdifiHawmfrS cif;jyxm;aom
vrf;aMumif;onf trdefYtmPm
(txufrS cdkif;apjcif;)r[kwfbJ
vpfb&,fykHpHjzifh aqmif&Gufae
jcif;? wGef;tm; r[kwfbJ qGJtm;
jzpfaejcif;wdYkaMumifh vpfb&,fypHk H
ESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfaom
Agree to Disagree wdYk onf txl;
taxGajymp&mrvdkawmhonfh a&
vJokH;wpfckjzpfvmrnfjzpfonf/
vpfb&,fypHk jH zifo
h mG ;rnfo
h abm
&aomaMumifrh rd w
d Ykt
d pktzGUJ tvdu
k f
Idealism rsm;? Ideology rsm;ed*kH;
csKyfoGm;NyDjzpfonf/ ,aeYjynf
axmifpkMuHhcdkifa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;
ygwD? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nD
nGwfa&;ygwDponfh 2010 a&G;
aumufy0JG ifygwDrsm;ESit
hf rsK;d om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf tp&Sdaom
[l jzpfaom
aMumifh jrefrmwpfEikd if v
H ;Hk oabm
aqmifaom r@dKifBuD;rsm;jzpf
aeaMumif; awGU&SdEdkifonf/
vuf&Sdtcif;tusif;(pD;yGm;
a&;? EdkifiHa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;)onf
Ekid if w
H nfaqmufa&;vkyif ef;pOf[l
aom vrf;aMumif;ay:odYk a&muf&dS
aejcif;jzpfNyD; awmfvSefa&;rsKd;
qufrsm;&ihfusufcsdefMuaeNyD[k
vnf; oabm&aomaMumifh EdkifiH
wnfaqmufa&;wm0efudk EkdifiH
om;wdkif;rQa0xrf;aqmifMu&
rnht
f csed t
f cg[loH;k oyfro
d nf/
sponsible Citizen
Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJ0ifygwD
rsm;udk jzefYcif;Munfv
h Qif Ekid if aH &;
oabmw&m;t& wdk;wdkufrIrsm;
r&Sdawmhonfudk awGU&Sdedkifonf/
0g'tuGJtuGJtjym;jym;r&Sdawmh
onfhenf;wl trsKd;om;a&;0g'
(EkdifiHzGHUNzdK;a&;? EdkifiHom;rsm; MuD;
yGm;wdk;wufa&;)onf bkHvrf;pOf
ozG,fjzpfvmaeNyDjzpf vuf&Sd
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;udk The Art of State
Building tjzpfIjrifEdkifrnfjzpf
onf/
yuwdtajctaerSef Reality
udk av;av;eufeufokH;oyfNyD;
vuf&SdvdktyfcsufNecessity udk
pdppfazmfxw
k u
f m tusK;d pD;yGm;rsm;
Adjustmen vkyfMu&rnfh tajc
taejzpfonf/ ,if; Adjustment
vkyfaqmif&eftwGufvnf; rnf
onfyh pHk ?H rnfonfrh al bmifrQowf
rSwfxm;jcif;r&SdbJ Liberalized
Adjustment oabmodkY ouf0if
aeaomaMumif h Stake Holder
tm;vk H ; tae\ vuf & S d t cif ;
tusif;tay:IjrifokH;oyfcsuf?
jyKrlaqmif&u
G cf surf sm;rSm touf
aoG;aMumjzpfaeNyDjzpfonf/
vpfb&,fypHk o
H nf pHjyKowf
rSwfcsufrsm;r&Sd[k qdkEdkifaomf
vnf; ,if;owfrSwfcsufrSm jyKrl
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGufom
&nf n T e f ; aejcif ; jzpf N yD ; Ek d i f i H
awmfEiS hf Edik if o
H m;tm;vk;H avQmuf
EkdifiHom;tm;vkH; xm;&Sdoifh
aom oEd|mefrSm aemufjyef
rvSnfhaMu;jzpfaemufaMumif;
jyefvSnfhvdkaom tzGJYtpnf;?
yk*Kd vfrsm;taejzifh aemufaMumif;
jyefvn
S v
hf o
kd nfh taMumif;&if;rSef
udk yGifhyGifhvif;vif;&J&Jwif;wif;
xkwaf zmfaMunm&ef wdu
k w
f eG ;f vdk
onf/ (,if;odkY aemufaMumif;
jyefvn
S v
hf o
kd nfh oabmudk xkwf
azmfajymMum;rSomStake Holder
rsm;twGi;f wd;k wdu
k rf jd cif;udk a&Smif
vTJEdkifrnfjzpfaomaMumifh jzpf
onf/)
xdkYaMumifhvnf; vuf&SdEdkifiH
a&;? pD ; yG m ;a&;? Nid r f ; csrf ; a&;
tcif;tusif;wGif tdkif'D,dkavmf
*sDr&S?d ordik ;f r&Sd ? The Art of State
Building om&Sdonf[k qdk&jcif;
jzpfonf/ jrefrmh'rD u
kd a&pD? pD;yGm;
a&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;
Consilidation tqifhodkY a&muf^
ra&muf (jrefjrefa&mufrvm;? Mum
&S n f r S a &muf r vm;)[l o nf r S m
Field trsKd;rsKd;wGif yg0ifaeMu
aom Player tm;vkH;\ Capacity tay:wGif rlwnfaeonf/
jrefrmEdik if \
H 'Dru
dk a&pD? xm0&Nird ;f csr;f a&;ESiUf aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;tqif(U 3)qifU
Transition
Liberalization
Consilidation
1 Edik if aH &;
1 .1/ tajccHOya'
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdaeqJ/
tjiif;yGm;rIr&SdawmU/
1 .2/ a&G;aumufyGJ
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdaeqJ
bkHwlnDcsuf&SmazGEdkif
uGJvGJcsufrsm;
wpfzufEiS w
Uf pfzuf
todtrSwfjyKvm/
tmPm&? twdkuftcHoabm
xm;wlnDvmjcif;/
rwlwmcGJvkyf?wlwmwGJvkyf
tqifUodkha&muf&SdNyD;tm;vkH;
yg0ifcGifU&&Sdvm/
(awmfvSefa&;udka&SmifvTJvm)
vGwfvyfrIESifUwm0ef,lrIcGJa0
rIrsm;pwifvm/
,kHMunfcsuftusOf;om;[l
r&SdawmU/
(t&yfbufvlYtzGJYtpnf;)
tm;aumif;vm)
1 .4/ rD'D,m
1 .5/ vlYtcGifUta&;
2 jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;
2 .1/ ,kHMunfrI
2 .2/ em;vnfrI
2 .3/ yl;aygif;aqmif
&GufrI
2 .4/xm0&Nidrf;csrf;a&;
3 pD;yGm;a&;
3 .1/ aps;uGuf,E&m;
3 .2/ Sanction
3 .3/ yk*vduu@
3 .4/ tcGifUta&;
ajzavQmUrIrsm;pwifvmaomf
vnf;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdaeqJ/
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;&SdaeqJ/
oHo,rsm;&SdaeqJ/
ypfcwfwdkufcwfrI&yfpJa&;/
(pwifarQmfrSef;vm)
aphpyfndEIdif;rIrsm;pwif/
ESpfOD;ESpfzufarQmfrSef;vm/
pwiftouf0ifpjyK/
kyfodrf;a&;tay:&yfwnfcsuf
uGJjym;aeqJ/(kyfapvdkonfU
bufESifUrkyfapvdkonfUbuf)
ajzavQmha&;tqifUudk
ESpfzufpvkH;vufcHEdkif/
pwiftouf0ifvm/
(Institution rsm;
rjynfUpkHao;)
a&muf&efpwifOD;wnf
BudK;yrf;vm/(tcGifUta&;
rnDrQrIrsm;&SdaeqJ)
tjiif;yGm;rIr&SdawmU/
wpfygwDrStjcm;wpfygwDodkh
tmPmvTJajymif;rIrsm;wnfNidrfrI
&&Sdvm/
(awmfvSefa&;r&SdawmU)
rD'D,mtumtuG,fay;rIrsm;
&Sifoefvm/
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;r&SdawmU/
(Rule of Law
tjynfht0jzpfvm)
tcsKdY&&Sd? tcsKdYusef/
ESpfOD;ESpfzuftcdkifrmjzpfxGef;/
(oHo,tcsKdY&SdaeqJ)
(oHo,[lr&SdawmU)
ypfcwfwdkufcdkufrItm;vkH;pwif
&yfpJ/(aoewfoH?,rf;aiGYrjrif&awmU)
rwlwmcGJ? wlwmwGJonfUtqifUodkh
wpfom;wnf;jzpfvm/
a&muf&Sd/
vufeufrsm;tcsKdY pGefhvTwf?
vufeufudkifvrf;pOf[l
tcsKdYudkifxm;qJ/
r&SdawmU/
aps;uGuf,E&m;yDyDjyifjyif
touf0ifvm/ (jynfaxmifpk
tqifUESifUjynfe,f^wdkif;a'oBuD;
tqifUESpfckpvkH;)
qef&Sif kyfodrf;a&;onf
Stake Holdertm;vkH;\
bkH&yfwnfcsufjzpfvm/
,E&m;cdkifrmNyD;qufvuf
wdk;wufonfUtqifUodkh
a&muf&Sd/
cdkifrmtm;aumif;aprnfU
MueftifvuPmrsm;
jynfUpkHvm/ (Oya'?
enf;Oya'?yk*vdu
tzGJYtpnf;rsm;)
Level Play Fieldodkh
pwifa&muf&Sd/(tcsKdY
qufvuftcGifUta&;
awmif;qdkaeMuqJ)
EkdifiHawmfpD;yGm;a&;wGif
t"duarmif;ESiftm;
tjzpfodkha&muf&Sdvm/
qef&Sif[l r&SdawmU/
tcGifUta&;[lawmif;
aep&mrvdkawmUonfU
tajctaeodkha&muf
&Sdvm/
24
opinion
tqH;k r&Sv
d aYkd wG;cJw
h hJ ylaqG;0rf;enf;rI
awGudk cHpm;
aojcif;w&m;eJh numvxuf arSmif
rdkufwJU trSm;awGudk cGifUvTwf
xm0&wnfjrrJ ,fxif&wJU tmPmudk
zDqef&if;
b,fawmUrS rajymif;vJ? rNydKvJ?
aemifwr&wwfwJU arQmfvihfcsuf u
ol [dk;t&ifxJu awG;arQmfxm;wJU
t&mudk
olY&JY tysuftpD;yHkxJuaeyJ zefwD;
vmEkdifwJUtxd
cspfcif? onf;cH? arQmfvifU&JY
tdk;? toif wkdufwef?
arQmfvifUcsufonfvnf;
*kPfoa&&Sdaom toifESifU tvm;
wlyif
aumif;jrwf? BuD;us,f? aysmf&Tif?
vSy? vGwfajrmufayNyD/
arQmfvihfcsuf onfom b0?
aysmf&TifrI? tifyg,m? atmifyGJ . . ./
]yDbD&S,fvD\ ydkrD;oD;,yfpf aESmif
wnf;rS vGwfajrmufjcif; uAsm&SnfrS}
nnfeh ufoef;acgifausmo
f nf
txdaeNyD; b,fawmhrS tapm
BuD;rEd;k wwfaom uRefawmfxakd eY
u tapmBuD;Ed;k aeygonf/ &S,v
f D
ajymcJhaom b,fawmhrS rajymif;
vJ? rNydKvJ? aemifwr&wwfwJh
arQmfvihfcsufu uRefawmhfudk Edk;
Mum;apcJ h o nf [ k xif o nf /
taemufwkdif; t,ltqt& uH
raumif ; wwf a om 13 &uf ?
aomMumaeY o nf jref r mEk d i f i H
twGufawmh uHMurmaumif;rsm;
udk aqmifMuOf;vmrnfhaeYjzpf
vmcJhNyDvm; rod/
Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om; qdak om
pum;vH;k xuf,MkH unfcsuaf Mumifh
tusOf;uscHae&olrsm;(prisoners
of conscience) [k ESpfzuftqif
ajyatmifoHk;Muonf/ ,HkMunf
csufaMumifh[koHk;vQif tjyifu
vlawGu ,HkMunfcsufr&Sdovdk
rsm;jzpfaeovm;[k awG;rdonf/
[kwfvnf; [kwfEkdifygonf/ odkY
wnf;r[kwf ,HkMunfcsufjyif;
xefaomaMumihf tusOff;uscHae&
olrsm;[koHk;&vQif ydkaumif;rnf
xifonf/ uRefawmfuawmh arQmf
vihfcsufaMumifh tusOf;uscHae&
olrsm;[k oHk;csifygonf/
&S,v
f aD jymaom b,fawmhrS
rajymif;vJ? rNydKvJ? aemifwr&wJh
arQmfvihfcsufaMumihf . . .
trSet
f wdik ;f ajym&vQif orw
BuD;ESiw
fh pfNrdKUwnf;om;jzpf&jcif;
twGu'f w
D pfBudrrf mS trSew
f u,f
0rf ; ajrmuf 0 rf ; om&S d r d j cif ; jzp
cGifUvTwfw,f? arUypfzkdhawmUr[kwfbl;
a Z 0 if ; a e m if
fonf/awGYqHn
k Ed iId ;f rIrsm; twGuf
aumifrav; (The Girl)udkvnf;
aus;Zl;wifro
d nf/ (The Lady [k
Ekid if w
H um u oHk;Muaomfvnf;
uRefawmfh\ wpfa,mufaom
olu a':atmif qef;pkMunfudk
cspfpEdk;ESihf The Girl [k &nfnTef;
avh&ydS gonf/t*g&0 jzpfaeaomf
vnf;ydkNyD; Ek oGm;aponf[k xif
aomaMumihf tJ'D vdkyJ &nfnTef;
vdyk gonf/olYudk uReaf wmfxm0&
EkysKdapvdkygonf/)
wkdif;jynftem*wftwGuf
&J&ihfaom ajcvSrf;tjzpf ordkif;
rSwfwrf;0ifEkdifNyD[k xifrdonf/
csKd;iSufeJh oHvGif&Guf
ormusrf;? "ra[mif;xJu
csKd;iSuEf iS o
fh v
H iG &f u
G t
f aMumif;udk
edrw
d yf t
kH jzpfawG;rdonf/ (oHviG f
cufrmS *&dEiS afh &mrwdYkEiS fh ywfouf
NyD;rS ygvmjcif;jzpfygonf/ "r
a[mif;rSmuoHviG &f u
G yf jJ zpfonf)/
urmudk bk&m;ocifu a&vTr;f
apcsdefrSm ,HkMunfol aem{u
rdom;pkrsm;? wd&pmeftxD;tr
tpHpk w
kH Ykdukd avSBuD;ESiw
fh ifNyD; vGwf
ajrmufoGm;onhftaMumif; jzpf
onf/ uke;f ajray:? ray:odvadk om
aMumifh yxrwpfBudrfwGif usD;
&JUowif;pum;[k awG;rdonf/
Nidr;f csr;f a&;\ oauFw? Nidr;f csr;f
a&;\ edrdwfyHkudkvnf; azmfusL;
ay;EkdifcJhonf[k xifonf/
ydkrD;oD;,yfpfvGwfajrmufjcif;
vGwfajrmufrI taMumif;?
taES m if t zG J Y rS vG w f a jrmuf r I
taMumif; awG;rdawmh acgif;xJ
trSew
f &m;udk uHMurmaumif;u az;rcJo
U nf/ odahk Mumifo
U m
'Duaeh Eleven onf pwkwr @dKiq
f adk ompum;udk us,f
us,favmifavmifajymEdkifjcif;jzpfonf/ 'DudpeJh ywfoufvkdh
*EDBuD;ajymcJUaom oabmxm; . . .
tBudrfxyfvTwfaom tcgwGif
um; ow0gwdkY &Sifoefusufpm;
Edkifaom taetxm;udk a&mufNyD
jzpfaomaMumihf csKd;iSufi,fonf
jyefrvmawmh/ aem{wdYkonfvnf;
ajray:jyefvnfajccsEkdifcJhonf/
aem{twGuf pwkwtBudrf
ajrmufcsK;d iSuv
f w
T jf cif;onf urm
ajrjyefvnf&SifoefrI\ owif;
pum;jzpfcJhovkd pwkwtBudrf
ajrmufvGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihfonf
vnf; jrefrmjynfjyefvnfEkd;xrI
ay:vmwmu ydkrD;oD;,yfpfjzpf
onf/ ydkrD;oD;,yfpfonf wdkuf
wef[kac:aom *dkif,mESihf,la&;
eyfpfwkdYrS qif;oufonhf *&dewf
bk&m;rsm;xJrS wpfOD;jzpfonf/
vlom;wdYkr;D udk toH;k cswwfatmif
aqmifMuOf;ay;cJhaomaMumihf Zkpf
ewfrif;BuD;\ tusOf;cscH&ol
jzpfonf/ *&drSpmqdkBuD;tufqD;
cD;vyfpu
f ydrk ;D oD;,yfpt
f aMumif;
jyZmwfoHk;yk'fzGJUcJYzl;onf[k qdk
onf/
ydkrD;oD;,yfpfvGwfajrmufrI
udk uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm wpfacwf
wpfcgu tvGefMudKufcJhMu onfh
NAdwdoQuAsmq&m yDbD&S,fvD
(1792-1822) u olYcHpm;csuf
twdik ;f uAsmq&mwpfa,muf\
vGwfvyfrIrsKd;jzifh jyefzJGUcJhonf/
'DuAsm&SnftaMumif;udk Mum;zl;
cJhonf/ tJ'DaeYurS jyef&Smzwf&
onf/ em;vnfovkdcsa&;Munhf
rdonf/(uAsmPfenf;vSaom
aMumihf tmabmfudk iHkrdEdkifa&;
renf; BudK;pm;&onf) ydkrD;oD;
,yfpf vGwfajrmufrI ESihftwl
arQmfvihfcsufonfvnf; vGwf
ajrmufvmcJhNyD/
b,fawmhrSrajymif;vJ? rNydK
vJ?aemifwr&wJah rQmv
f ihcf suaf wG
taMumif;eJYtwl &ifxaJ &mufvm
wmu cGihfvTwfzkdY/
cGifUvTwfw,fqkdwm
arUypfzkdhawmUr[kwfbl;
wpfcgwpf&u
H sawmh avmu
BuD;u &,fp&mawmfawmfaumif;
onf/ vGwfajrmufapvdkolawG
enf;wl olwYdkuakd ESmifwnf;cJMh u&m
rSm t"duae&muygcJo
h al wGonf
vnf; twlwlaESmifwnf;cHcJh&
onf/ tckawmhtaESmiftzGUJ rS wpf
NydKief ufvw
G v
f mcGiMfh uHK&jyefonf/
'DvlawGeJY ywfoufvm&if
awmh r[wr*ED\ pum;u
trSwf&p&m/ ]]cGifhvTwfzkdYqdkwm
arhypfzkdYawmhr[kwfbl;}}/ uRef
awmfwYdkonf tem*wftwGuf cGifh
vTwEf ikd zf Ykd BudK;pm;&rnfxifonf/
oifykef;acsMuzkdYawmh vdkrnfxif
onf/ okdYayrJh arhypfzdkYawmh r
[kwf/ uRefawmfwkdYarhrsm;aerdMu
avovm;/
'DtaMumif;udk ajymrdawmh
bdk;awmf[kac:Muaom uRefawmf
wdkY q&mu twdwfukdjyefajymjy
onf/ Eleven Media Group \
CEO a'gufwmoef;xG#fatmif
qdkaomb0ESihf Eleven *sme,f
rsm;\orkid ;f rSmarhypfEidk rf mS r[kwf
wJh aeYwpfaeYtaMumif;jzpfonf/
Eleven udk uReaf wmfra&mufao;
aom tcsdefujzpfonf/
2003 Zlvdkif 17
olb,fawmhrS rarhwJhaeY/
Eleven rSmvkyfcJhMuwJh uRefawmhf
aemifawmf? trawmfrsm;vnf;
rarhwJhaeY/ ZmwfuGufqifcHcJh&
onf/ b,forl S bmrSe;f rodaom
ZmwfuGufwpfckrSm r[kwfygbJ
vsuf aumufxnhfcHcJh&aom "m;
pmcHawGjzpfcJh&onf/ tJ'Dwkef;u
e,frSmaeonhf uRefawmfodwm
wpfckyJ&Sdonf/ uRefawmfpdwf0if
pm;aomabmvH;k yGaJ wGeYJ uReaf wmf
cspfaom jrefrmtoif;taMumif;
awGzwfciG rfh &awmhwmyJjzpfonf/
tJ't
D ywfu First Eleven uReaf wmf
wkYd e,fuakd &mufrvm/ (&efuek rf mS
awmhawGUvdkuf&onf[k jyefvm
olwcsKdUu ajymonf) aemufwpf
ywfusawmhvnf;xGurf vm/ e,f
rSmu owif;awGtrsKd;rsKd;Mum;
&onf/ rkdufu,ftdk0iftzkH;eJY *sm
e,fav;jyef&Smodrf;xm;rdonf/
trS e f w &m;ud k uH M ur m
aumif;u az;rcJo
h nf/ odYkaMumihf
om 'DuaeY Eleven onf pwkw
r@d K if q k d a ompum;ud k us,f
us,favmifavmifajymEdik jf cif;jzpf
onf/ 'Dupd e YJ ywfoufvYdk *EBD uD;
ajymcJhaom oabmxm;udk q&m
cH,lxm;onf/
]]tm;vHk;udk cGihfvTwfEkdifyg
w,f/ 'gayrJh b,fawmhrS arhypf
rSmr[kwfbl;}} [k/
cGihfvTwfw,f qdkwmonf
trSm;awGudk xyfwvJvJ usL;
vGezf Ykdawmhr[kww
f mudk olaocsm
pmrsufESm (28) odkh
Page 25
aMumifh vlwkdif;xdckduf
cHpm;&ygw,f/ 'gaMumiht
f jrefq;kH
ajzavQmhapcsifw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;
vkyif ef;awGvyI o
f mvmr,f? tcGifh
tvrf;awGay:vmEkdifw,f/ EkdifiH
&JUpD;yGm;a&;0efxkyf0efykd;avsmhvm
Ekdifw,f/ EkdifiHjcm;vkyfief;awG
trsm;BuD;0ifvmr,f/ jynfwiG ;f pD;
yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGtaeeJY tcGifh
tvrf;ukd,lEkdifzkdY tqifoihfjzpf
atmifvkyfzkdYta&;BuD;vmygNyD/
t&ifu Sanctions aMumifh pD;yGm;
a&;vky&f wmcufcw
J ,fvYdkvyk if ef;
&Siaf wGajymcJw
h ,f/ tck Sanctions
kyfNyDqkd&if pD;yGm;a&;ujrefEIef;
jrihftaetxm;jzpfvmEkdifawmh
jynfwGif;vkyfief;&SifawGtrDvkduf
EkdifzkdYvkdygw,f/ EkdifiHawmfykdif;u
vnf; Oya'ykdif;? rl0g'ykdif;? vkyf
rsufESmzkH;owif;rStquf
nctions
Oa&mor*EiS hf tar&duefEikd f
iHwdkYrS jrefrmEdkifiHtay: ydwfqdkY
xm;onfh pD;yGm;a&; ydwfqdkYrI
(Sanction)tm; ,cktcg jyefvnf
kyfodrf;oifh roifhqdk onfhtay:
jrefrmEdkifiH\ EdkifiHa&;e,fy,f?
pD;yGm;a&;? vIrIa&;e,fy,fpHkrS
ynm&Sifrsm;? yg0ifvkyfaqmifae
olrsm;rS oHk;oyfcsufrsm;pGmjzifh
ajymMum;cJhMuygonf/
Oa&myor*taejzifh 1996
ckEpS rf pS jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf pD;yGm;a&;
qufqHrIrsm;udk ydwfqdkYrIjyKcJhNyD;
1997 ckESpfwGif tar&duefrS vl
yk*dKvfwpfOD;jcif;? tzGJYtpnf;
wpfckjcif;\&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI topf
rsm;udkydwfyifcJhonf/ 2004 ck
ESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHESifhpD;yGm;a&;t
&qufqHrItm;vHk;udk &yfqkdif;ypf
cJhonf/tar&dueforwbm&uf
tdkbm;rm;u 2010 jynfhESpf ar
wGifta&;,lydwfqdkYrIrsm;ouf
wrf;wkd;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
H iG ;f
]]Sanctions awGukd Edik if w
wdk;wufrIawGeJYtnD wpfqifhNyD;
wpfqifh avsmhayghapoifyh gw,f}}
[k trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf
A[dktvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU Ou|
a':atmifqef;pkMunfu Zefe0g
&D v 15 &uf a eYwG i f ol r \
aetdrf jyifopfrD'D,mrsm;ESihf
awGUqk&H mwGif xnfo
h iG ;f ajymMum;
cJhonf/
]]ydwfqdkYta&;,lrIqdkwm olY
tvdkvdk rdk;ay:u usvmwm r
[kwfygbl;/ taMumif;aMumifh t
usKd; jzpfvmwmyg/ w&m;awmf
jrwftwdkif;/ 'gaMumifh ydwfqdkY
ta&;,lrIqdkwJh tusKd;w&m;udk
z,f&mS ;csif&if taMumif;w&m;udk
rodcsiaf tmifraqmifygeJYvYkd ajym
csifygw,f/ taMumif;w&m;udk
z,f&mS ;zdYk twGuq
f &kd ifawmh uRef
awmfwYkdtm;vk;H 0dik ;f 0ef;ulnaD qmif
&Guaf y;Edik yf gw,f}}[k 88rsK;d quf
ausmif ; om;rsm;\ yxrqH k ;
owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif udkrif;
udkEdkifu ajymMum;cJhygonf/
EkdifiHawmforw\ pD;yGm;
a&;tMuH a y;tzJ G U acgif ; aqmif
OD;jrihfu]]Sanction kyfodrf;zkdYvkyf
vmwm aumif;wJhvuPmyg/
ydwfxm;wmxuf zGihfxm;wmykd
aumif;wmaygh/ qufqHa&;awG
wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmrSmjzpfyg
w,f/ pD;yGm;a&;wkd;wufvmEkdif
w,f/ EkdifiH&JU pD;yGm;a&;ajymif;vJ
a&;rSm taxmuftuljzpfaprSmyg/
wu,fwrf;ajym&&ifSanction kyf
wmyJjzpfjzpf? rkyfao;wmyJjzpf
jzpf EkdifiH&JU pD;yGm;a&;jyKjyifajymif;
vJrIuawmh trsm;BuD;qufvkyf
zkdYvkdao;w,f/ qufvkyfoGm;zkdY
vnf;&Sw
d ,f/ pepfawG?Oya'awG?
rl0g'awGajymif;vJzkdYvkyf&rSmawG
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&Sad ew,f/t&if
urSm;cJw
h q
hJ ;dk usK;d awGut
dk aumif;
bufukda&mufatmifOD;wnfjyif
qifoGm;EkdifzkdYvkyf&rSmyg/ tckcsdef
xd EkdifiHwum&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrItuJ
jzwfcsufawGrSm jrefrmu atmuf
em;rSmyJ&Sdaewmqkdawmh pD;yGm;a&;
jyKjyifajymif;vJrIukd t&Sdeft[kef
jrihfNyD;qufvufaqmif&GufzkdY&Sdyg
w,f}}[k oHk;oyfcJhygonf/
ygarmua':vSjrihfu ]]Sa-
csuftcsKdUu tm;&p&mraumif;
ao;bl;/ wcsKdUXmeqdik &f meJYp;D yGm;
qkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;awGrSm ,kefudk
rkefvmO*dka'gifapmifhckdif;ovdkrsKd;
jzpfaeao;w,f/ uRefawmfwdkY
taeeJYtpdk;&udk tpdk;&aumif;
wpf&yfjzpfatmifa0zefrSm jzpfo
vdt
k wdu
k t
f cHawGuv
kd nf;twdu
k f
tcHaumif;jzpfatmif a0zefoGm;
&rSmyg/ twdu
k t
f cHaumif;qdw
k m
rSm;&ifrmS ;wmudk &J&&J if&h ifh axmuf
jyajymqd&k vdk rSe&f ifvnf; rSew
f m
udk axmufczH Ykdvw
kd ,f/ tpd;k &vkyf
aeorQtm;vH;k udk tpd;k &eJYwef;wl
od&Sdae&r,f/ Shadow Goverment zGJUEdkifwJhtaexm;rsKd;&Sdoifh
w,f/ tpdk;&bmvkyfaew,fqdk
wmawmifem;rvnfbeJ YJ a0zefae
w,fqdk&if'gtwdkuftcHaumif;
twGufqdk&ifESpfrsKd;xyf&w
dS ,f/
External Economy Changes eJY Internal Economy Changes qdNk yD;&Sd
w,f/ tck Sanctions kyfw,fqdk
wm jyifyupD;yGm;a&;qdik &f majymif;
vJrIwpfckjzpfw,f/ Top Down
ajymif;vJrIwpfckwnf;eJY r&bl;
Bottom Up ajymif;vJrIvnf;jyK
rS Sanctions kyjf cif;eJYtwl jrefrmh
pD ; yG m ;a&;ajymif ; vJ r S m yg}} [k
UMFCCI \ wGJzuftaxGaxG
twGif;a&;rSL; OD;at;vGifu ajym
Mum;cJhygonf/
EkdifiHawmforwtMuHay;
a'gufwmaeZifvwfu]]tusOf;
uscHae&olawG vTwfay;wmwkdY?
wkdif;&if;om;tzJGUtpnf;awGeJY
Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;wmwkdYukd jyK
vkyfaewmaMumihf tar&duefeJY O
a&mytygt0if EkdifiHwumucs
rSwx
f m;wJyh w
d q
f YdkraI wGyk o
f rd ;f vm
rSmyg/ wpfOD;wnf;tjrift&ajym
&&if {NyDvrwkdifcif ydwfqkdYrI
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;ajzavQmhNyD;jzpf
r,fvkdY,lqygw,f/wpfqihfcsif;
yJajzavQmhwmyJjzpfjzpf csufcsif;
jzKwfay;wmjzpfjzpf b,fenf;rqkd
aumif;ygw,f/ jrefjrefqefqef
jzpf&ifawmhykdaumif;ygw,f/ 'g
aMumihjf zpfaewJh epfemrIu yrmP
BuD;ygw,f/ 0efxkyf0efykd;jzpfap
ygw,f/ Sanctions awGyk o
f rd ;f
oGm;r,fqkd&ifwkd;wufrItwGuf
t[efYtwm;jzpfapwJ0h efxyk 0f efy;dk
wpfckavsmh oGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/
'gaMumihf a&SUavQmufpD;yGm;a&;
tvm;tvmawG aumif;vmEkdif
w,f/ EkdifiHwGif;ukd jynfyt&if;
tESD;? jyifyt&if;tESD;awGykdNyD;
pD;0ifvmr,f/ olwYdkvmcsiaf tmif?
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHcsifatmifrufvHk;ay;
&r,f/bPfpepfawGaumif;atmif
vkyfay;&r,f/ ukefxkwfvkyfief;
awG? pufrIvkyfief;awGvkyfvkdY &
atmifaqmif&Gufay;wmwkdY? EkdifiH
wumuvufcHwJhOya'? vkyfxHk;
vkyef nf;awGeYJvyk Ef idk af tmifjyifqif
ay;wmwkdYvkyfay;&r,f/ tcGef
udpawG? vkyfief;pOfawGxifom
jrifomjzpfatmif? rQwatmifvkyf
ay;zkdYvkdw,f/ wpfzufrSmvnf;
jyifyutiftm;BuD;vkyif ef;awG0if
vmr,fhtwGufjynfwGif;vkyfief;
awGtaeeJY ,SOfEkdifNydKifEkdifatmif
vkyfxm;zkdYta&;BuD;w,f tpkd;&
ykid ;f uvnf;jynfwiG ;f vkyif ef;awG
wkd;wufzkdY tm;ay;yHhykd;ay;oihf
w,f}}[k oHk;oyfcJhonf/
uarmZbPf'Ok u| OD;oef;
vGifu]]jrefrmEkdifiHukd csrSwfxm;
wJhpD;yGm;a&;ydwfqkdYrIawGkyfodrf;
ay;oifhygNyD/tcktusOf;om;awG
vnf;vTwfNyD;NyD/ wkdif;&if;om;
awGeJYvnf; Nidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;
aew,f/wjcm;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
awGvnf; vkyaf qmifaewmawGU&
w,f/ NyD;awmh 'Drkdua&pDeJY aps;
uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfusihfoHk;zkdYBudK;
pm;aewJEh idk if w
H pfcjk zpfygw,f/ w
u,fwrf;ajym&&ifwkwef YJA,
D uf
erfwkdYxufawmifomao;w,f/
pepft&omw,f?a&SUa&mufw,f/
jyKjyifajymif;vJaewJhajcvSrf;awG
t& bmaMumihfwpfqihfcsif;avQmh
ay;&rSmvJ/ vHk;0ukdrydwfqkdYoifh
f idk ;f
awmhb;l / 'DSanctions aMumihw
jynfrmS epfemwmtrsm;BuD;&Sw
d ,f/
bPfvyk if ef;u@eJYyaJ jym&ifawmif
ydwq
f Ydk raI Mumihf tqihq
f ifv
h yk af e
&w,f / aiG u k e f a Mu;usyk d r sm;
w,f/ pifumylu UOB bPfqkd
&if jrefrmjynfubPfawGaMumihf
bDvsHeJYcsDNyD;jrwfw,f/ 0efaqmif
cukd eihfaeatmif,lw,f/ Sanctions aMumifh wkdufkdufrcsdwfEkdif
wmukd pifumylbPfuulnw
D ,f
Page 26
pmrsufESm (25) rStquf
oyfcJhygonf/
]]vuf&SdjrefrmEkdifiHrSm jzpfae
wmu education eJY knowledge
Mum;rSm Gap jzpfaew,f/Gap
jzpfvmwmuvnf; taMumif;&Sd
w,f / industry rzG H Y Nzd K ;awmh
ausmif;om;ausmif;olawGtaeeJY
avhvm&wmrvG,fulbl;/ 2015
rSm AFTA vmawmh zGifhcsvdkuf&
r,fh tcsdefrSmudk,fhbufu rusef
cJah tmifawmh&wJt
h ajctaeeJYvyk f
zkdYvdkaew,f/ Sanctions kyfwmr
kyfodrf;wmxuf HR udk develop
jzpfatmifvyk x
f m;&r,f/ resource
rSm vlwifr[kwfbl;/ taqmuf
ttHyk ikd ;f udv
k nf; yHyh ;kd &r,f/ Sanctions kyfvdkufvdkY enf;ynmawG
0ke;f ueJ0ifvmcsed rf mS ud,
k b
hf ufu
userf aecJah tmifawmh jyifqifxm;
zdkYvdkygw,f}}[kvnf;aqmufvkyf
a&;ynm&S i f O D ; apmaxG ; aZmf u
ajymMum;cJhonf/
]]sanctions [m qif;&JrGJaw
rIudkwGef;tm;ay;w,f/ jyD;awmh
ukrPDtao;av; awGomrefpD;
yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawGudk xdcdkuf
apw,f/ ,SOdjydKifEdkifrIrJhapw,f/
ukefoG,frIudktwm;tqD; jzpfap
w,fqakd wmh wdik ;f jynf&UJ pD;yGm;a&;
wd;k wufru
I kd t[efUtwm;jzpfap
w,fqdkayrJh sanctions udktar&d
uefu &kwfodrf;r,f qdk&ifawmh
olwUkd oyfrw
S x
f m;wJh pHEeI ;f awGeUJ
udkufnDrSyJay;rSmyg/ EdkifiHa&;t&
vufcEH ikd w
f ahJ jz avsmrh aI wGvyk &f if
pD;yGm;a&;t& ajzavsmhrIawGolU
bmomolvkyfvmrSmyg/ NyD;awmh
EdkifiHa&;eJY pD;yGm;a&;qdkwm ESpfck
vHk;NydKifwlvkyfrS&rsmyg/ wbuf
u sanctions r&S d r S v nf ; yd k N yD ;
wdkif;jynfpD;yGm;a&;tm;aumif;
vmrSmyg}}[k pD;yGm;a&;ESifh EdkifiH
a&;qdkif&muRrf;usifolwpfOD;u
oHk;oyfjycJhonf/
]]88 vlxk'Drdkua&pDta&;
awmfyHkucscJhwJhtrsdK;om;EdkifiH
a&;vrf ; pOf u 'D r d k u a&pD a &;?
jidrf;csrf;a&;eJYtrsKd;om;aoG;pnf;
nDnGwfa&;pwJh tvHoHk;vuf
aygh/ tJ'gtrsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;vrf;
pOfyJ/ 'Drdkua&pDazmfaqmifw,f
qdkwJh Step wpfckrSm t"dutae
eJUawmif;wmwpfckuEdkifiHa&;t
usOf;om;awGvGwfay;zdkYyJ/ tck
aemufqHk;tcsdefrSm awmfawmfrsm;
rsm;vGwfoGm;NyD/ ta&;BuD; vl
yk*dKvftrsm;pkvGwfoGm;NyD/enf;
enf;yJusefawmhw,f/100&mEIef;
vdkYrajymEdkifayr,fh pdwfauseyfp
&mwpfpHkwpf&m&SdvmNyD/yGifhyGifh
vif;vif;ajym&&if apmapmur,Hk
bl;/ 'gayr,fhtckaemufqHk; rif;
udkEdkiftygt0iftrsm;pkudk vGwf
vdu
k af wmh Edik if aH &;tusOf;om;eJU
ywfouf&if Majority awmhvGwf
oGm;NyD/ 'kw,
d wpfcsuu
f Nidr;f csr;f
a&;eJYywfouf&iftrsm;pkujynf
axmif p k t qif h a qG ; aEG ; a&;ud k
a&mufaeNyD/ autdkifateJYawmif
19 &ufaeYuawGYNyD aMunmcsuf
xGuv
f mNyD/typftcwf&yfr,fvYkd
rygao;ayr,fh qdk;&Gm;oGm;wm
awGrygatmifxdef;odrf;r,fvdkY
ygvmwJhtwGuf jidrf;csrf;a&;t
wGuf wpfpw
kH pf&mvIy&f mS ;vmNyDvYkd
ajymvdkY&w,f/ 'DtajctaerSm
r,fh tcsuftvufawGay:xGuf
vmNyDvYkd ajymvdYk &w,f/'gayr,fh
wdik ;f jynfqif;&J&wm[mSanctions
aMumifhygvdkYawmh ajymvdkYr&bl;/
e*dkuwnf;utpdk;&tqufquf
azmufjyefrSm;,Gif;wJh pD;yGm;a&;
rl0g'awGaMumifq
h if;&JwiG ;f eufae
&wm/txl;ojzifh Crony Capitalism qdkwJh rsufESmBuD;&m[if;
zwfygabmf'gu@pD;yGm;a&;pepf
awG? vuf0g;MuD;tkyftcGifhxl;cH
tzGUJ tpnf;awGaMumifyh /J olwYkd &UJ
rSm;,Gif;wJh pD;yGm;a&;pepfawG
aMumifhysufpD;wm/uRefawmfhtae
eJUuawmh 'Dtajctae[m Sanctions awG kyfodrf;zdkYtajccHawG
ay:aygufvmNyDvdkYjrifygw,f/
ajymif ; vJ r vm;rajymif ; vJ b l ;
vm;qdkwmuawmh apmifhMunfh&
ygr,f/ Sanctions kwfr,fqdk&if
awmh kwfoifhwJhtajctaeudk
a&mufaeNyD/ EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrKyfESH
rIeUJ ywfoufvYkd 'DrmS &if;ES;D jrKyfErHS I
Oya'&Sw
d ,f/ tJ'geJU rvHak vmuf
bl;/t"duajymEdik w
f t
hJ csuaf wGu
ajr,meJY ywfoufjyD; 1947 rSm
uefYowfwOhJ ya'&Sw
d ,f/1987rSm
jyefNyD;rGrf;rHw,f/ ra&TUajymif;
EdkifwJhypnf;uefYowfwJhOya'&Sd
w,f/&SdwJhtcgrSm EdkifiHjcm;om;
awGtaeeJUajrydkifcGifhr&Sdbl;/wpf
ESpx
f ufausmfNyD;iSm;&rf;vdYk r&bl;/
tJ'DtcgrSmolwdkYu 'DrSmtMuD;t
us,fvmNyD; Estate vkyfwJhtay:
rSmb,fvkd tmrcHcsu&f rdS ,fqw
kd m
rodbl;/ wduswJhpD;yGm;a&;Oya'
awGr&Sb
d ;l /tcGeOf ya'u b,fvkd
,lrSmvJ/ tjrwftcGefu b,fvdk
vk y f r S m vJ / tJ ' D t ajccH t csuf
tvufawG&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;&SdzdkY
vdkygao;w,f/tJ'DtwGufEdkifiH
jcm;u wdkufdkuf&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI
awGuvmzdkYcsdefawmh csdefMurSmyJ/
vmwmaumif;w,f/ BudKvnf;
BudKqdkw,f}}[k rEav;NrdKUae
EdkifiHa&;e,fy,frS OD;odef;oef;OD;
uajymMum;cJhonf/
]]EdkifiHa&;eJY pD;yGm;a&;jyKjyif
ajymif;vJrq
I &kd ifEikd if aH &;uawmif
a&SUudt
k awmfa&mufaew,fvYkad jym
&r,f/ jrpfqHkuaetusOf;om;
awGvTwfay;wJhtxd bmrSrMum
vdkufbl;/ajymif;wm awmhajymif;
aeNyD/ odkYaomftay:rSm ajymif;
ayr,fhatmufrSmbmrS ajymif;vJ
rvmwmawG&Sdaeao;w,f/ 'g
uvnf; 'Drdkua&pDeJUtom;rus
ao;vdkYaygh/ tcsdefawmh,l&tHk;
r,f}}[k rEav;NrdKUae EdkifiHa&;
e,fy,frS OD;odef;oef;OD;uajym
Mum;cJhonf/
]]tpdk;&zGJUwmvnf; wpfESpf
jynfhawmhr,f/ pD;yGm;a&;ydkif;rSm
vnf; acgif;wGJuyJoGm;aeNyD;
awmh aemufuwGJawGvdkufzdkYvdk
aeao;w,f/ 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&&JU
xHk;pHtwdkif; 6 v odkYr[kwf wpf
ESpjf ynf&h ifuufbed ufukd ydrk o
kd u
G f
vufwJh tpdk;&tzGJUrsKd;jzpfatmif
Reshuffle jyefvkyfoifhw,f/ pD;
yGm;a&;eJYywfoufwJhrl0g'awG
vnf;ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif jyefoHk;
oyfoifhw,f/ vkyfEdkifpGrf;r&SdwJh
olawGtpm; vkyfEdkifpGrf;&SdwJhol
awGudk tpm;xdk;oifhw,f/ 'ght
jyif A[dkbPfvdk? &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI
aumfr&Sifvdk pD;yGm;a&;twGuf t
a&;ygwJhae&mawG 'gawG[m Political post r[kwfbl;? Technical
post awG j zpf w J h t wG u f ynm
&SifawGcefYoifhw,f/ Xmeqdkif&m
awGrmS vnf; vlreS af e&mrSecf sxm;
zdkYvdktyfw,f/ Oyrm-taumuf
cGef? tcGefOD;pD;? wpfu,fhpD;yGm;
awGtay:xdcdkufrI&Sdw,fqdkwm
aumif;aumif;BuD;,HkMunfw,f/
vufvnf;vufcHw,f/ Oyrm
yJavmuu qHk;&Hl;rIawGudkjyef
Munfh&ifvnf; odEdkifw,f/ [dk
wkef;u yJudkukrPDtBuD;tao;
tukefvHk; ydkUMuw,f/ aemufydkif;
sanction awGrsm;vmawmh ukrP
D
tBuD;BuD;awGyv
J yk Ef ikd af wmhw,f/
t"duuawmh letter of Credit zGihf
vdUk r&vdUk / tJ'aD wmh ukrP
aD wGu
wpfcgpifumylrSm? a[mifaumif
rSm udk,fydkifukrPDawG oGm;zGifh&
w,f/ tJ'DrSmwif transistion
aomfvnf; wpfckpOf;pm;&rSmu
sanctions onf tajymif;tvJ
wpfcktwGuf wGef;tm;vnf; jzpf
aew,f/'DweG ;f tm;wpfcu
k vnf;
vdkaewJh taetxm;&Sdw,f/ 'D
twGuf jzpfvmcJhwmqdkawmhusef
&Sdaeao;wJh EdkifiHa&; tusOf;om;
awG tarhct
H qifeh UJ &yfraeyJvw
G f
ajrmufvmzdkU? wdkif;&ifom;udp
awGrD'D,mvGwfvyfcGifhyDyDjyif
jyif&zdkU ausmif;om;or*jzpfvm
zdkU? pDwef;vSnfhv,fcGifh Oya'
awGjy|mef;EdkifzdkUpwJh 'Drdkua&
'DpHEIef;awG&SdvmzdkUvdkaeygw,f/
e*dkuwnf;u tpdk;&tqufqufazmufjyefrSm;,Gif;wJU
pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'awGaMumifU qif;&JwiG ;f eufae&wm/ txl;ojzifU
Crony Capitalism qdkwJU rsufESmBuD;&m[if;zwfyg
abmf'gu@pD;yGm;a&;pepfawG? vuf0g;BuD;tkyftcGifUxl;cHtzGJY
tpnf;awGaMumifhyJ/ olwdkh&JY rSm;,Gif;wJU pD;yGm;a&;pepfawG
aMumifU ysufpD;wm/ uRefawmfUtaeeJhuawmU 'Dtajctae[m
Sanctions awGkyfodrf;zdkh tajccHawGay:aygufvmNyDvdkh
jrifygw,f . . .
awGwufvma&m/ukrPDt
ao;awGu rwwfEdkifawmhbl;/
LC zGiw
hf mrSmvnf;,lekd UJ zGiw
hf ,f
a':vmjyefajymif;w,f/ a':vmu
aiGjrefrmaiGjyefajymif;w,f/ tJ'D
rSmtqifhqifhjzpfaeawmh transik Ef eI ;f avmuf
tional cost u oH;k &mcdi
&SdoGm;w,f/ 'DtxJrSm aiGaMu;
twuftusaMumifh qH;k H;I ogm;wJh
yrmPrygao;bl;/ ukrP
t
D ao;
awGrvkyef ikd Mf ubl;/ud,
k yf ikd af &mif;
aewmuaeukrPDtBuD;BuD;awG
qDudkyJay;vdkuf&w,f/ tJ'Drsm
wifvrd v
f nfraI wG? tvGo
J ;kH pm;rI
awGvmawmhwmyJ/ jyD;awmhtck
pifumylrSmjzpfwJh [Gef'Dudpq
dk&if
vnf; t,fvpf zD iG rhf &vdUk [Ge'f u
D kd
tm;ud;k &wm/ aemufyikd v
f rd v
f nf
rI jzpfvmwmyJ/ aemufwpfcku
ywf0ef;usiaf &;&mawGuykd gxdcu
kd f
vmw,f/ pm;p&mr&Sad wmxJomG ;
vdyzf rf;? owm0gawGzrf;wefz;kd &Sd
wJh species awGqHk&HI;ukefw,f/
aemufqHk;awmxJrSmr&rS rav;
wdkU xdkif;wdkYxGufukefMuwmyg/
'Dawmh sanctions ujynfoal wG&UJ
aepOfb0awGtay:rSmoufa&muf
wJhtwGuf sanctions r&Sdbl;qdk&if
'Db0awGaumif;vmEdik w
f ,f/ odUk
cost
'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfacgif;aqmif
a':atmifqef;pkMunfeSifhawGUqHk
cJhaomtar&duef &DywfyvDuif
txufvw
G af wmftrwfrufaumf
e,f\ ajymMum;csuft&rl EdkifiH
awmforwOD;odef;pdeftm; ppfrSef
aom reformer wpfOD;taejzifh
tjynft
h 0,HMk unfaMumif; orw
ESifhawGUqHkNyD;aemufydkif;owif;
axmufrsm;tm;ajymMum; cJhonf
[ko&d &dS onf/ tvm;wljrefrmEdik if H
tay:uefUowfxm;aom pD;yGm;
a&;ydwq
f Ukd rIrsm;ESihf ywfoufvQif
rlvmrnfh {jyDvMum;jzwfa&G;
aumufyt
JG NyD;wGif jzpfvmEdik pf &m
&SdaMumif;t&dyftjrGufajymMum;
oGm;cJhonf[k od&Sd&onf/
,if;taejzifh pHowfrw
S cf suf
oHk;cktm; csjycJhjyD; eHywfwpft
aejzifhvmrnfh{jyDv Mum;jzwf
a&G;aumufyGJ usif;yonfhtcsdef
wGif tjynfjynfqdkif&mavhvm
apmifhMunfholrsm;tm;cGifhjyKay;
&ef? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;ESifh
typftcwf&yfpJ&efESifh ajrmuf
udk&D;,m;ESifh qufqHa&;wdkUtm;
&yfwefU&efponfh pHoyfrSwfcsuf
rsm; tm;xnfhoGif;ajymMum;oGm;
cJhaMumif;ESifh,if;pHrsm;ESifhnDnGwf
ygu pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdkUrIudk y,f
zsufay;EdkifaMumif; a':atmif
qef;pkMunf\ tMuHnPfvnf;
&,l o G m ;rnf j zpf a Mumif ; ajym
Mum;cJhonf[kod&Sd&onf/
]]jyKjyifajymif;vJrIawGudk ,Hk
Munfpw
d cf srrI &Sad o;bl;vdYkqo
kd nfh
wdkifatmif pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;
wufrIudk tm;ay;zdkY Sanction kyf
oifhfaeygNyD/ pD;yGm;a&;ajymif;vJ
rIawG rvkyfzl;qdk&if EdkifiHa&;t
ajymif;tvJawGu ajcwkyfNyD;vJ
oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ acgif;aqmifydkif;
u'Drdkua&pDeJY Nidrf;csrf;a&;vdkY
b,fvdkyJajymajym? qif;&JwJhjynf
olawGynmrwwfwJhjynfolawG
utrsm;pkjzpfae&if 'Drdkua&pD
Edik if jH zpfrvmEdik yf gbl;}}[k Eleven
Media Group \ CEO a'gufwm
oef;xG#fatmifu oHk;oyfajym
Mum;cJhygonf/
owif;t,f'w
D mtzGYJ
Page 28
13-1-2012 aeY[m tifr
wef0rf;ajrmufaysmf&iT pf &maumif;
wJhaeYjzpfw,f/ EkdifiHwpf0ef;vHk;
u jynfoltm;vHk;vnf; tkef;
tkef;uRufuRufjzpfatmifaysmf
Muw,f/ 'Dvakd ysmpf &maumif;wm
rsKd;urmay:u b,fEkdifiHb,f
vlrsKd;rS cHpm;zl;vdrfhr,fr[kwf
bl;vdkY awG;Munfhrdw,f/
wpfEkdifiHvHk;aysmf
tif;pdefaxmifBuD;a&SUrSm vl
awGaxmifeJYcsDpka0;a&muf&SdaeNyD;
axmifxu
J xGuv
f molawGuv
kd uf
ckyo
f aH wGnaH ewJMh um;u ajy;zuf
oluzuf? yef;pnf;ay;oluay;?
jyHK;rsu&f nfawGeYJ ai;olu ai;jzpf
aeMuwJhjrifuGif;rsKd;vnf; b,f
EkdifiHrS MuHKzl;Mur,frxifygbl;/
jref r mvl r sKd ; awG t zd k Y a wmh w pf
Budrw
f pfcgomr[kwb
f ;l 'Dvakd ysmf
p&maeYrsKd;awG cP cPudkMuHK
awGUcJMh uzl;w,f/ &Snv
f sm;wJh ESpf
ig;q,fumvudx
k nfrh ajymawmh
ygbl;/ 'DoHk;ESpfavmuftwGif;rSm
udk tBudrfawGrenf;vSbl;/ rSwf
rSw&f &qdk OD;0if;wifvw
G w
f ek ;f u
wpf B ud r f ' D v d k a ysmf c J h M u&w,f /
rESpfu a':atmifqef;pkMunf
vGwfwkef;uvnf; wpfEdkifiHvHk;
tkef;tkef;uRufuRufjzpfatmif t
aysmfBuD;aysmfcJhMuw,f/
&ifxJutvHk;BuD;us
tck Zefe0g&D 13 &ufus
awmh reuftyd &f muxvdu
k w
f meJY
usuo
f a&r*Fvm&Sv
d w
S o
hJ wif;udk
t&ifqHk;pMum;vdkuf&w,f/ cGef
xGe;f OD;eJYrif;udEk idk t
f ygt0if tESpf
ESpftvvarQmfvifhapmifhpm;ae&
olawGtm;vHk; jyefxGufvmNyDwJh/
em;eJYMum;&wmudktm;r&vdkYuGef
ysLwmudkMunfhvkdufawmh tm;vHk;
vGwfwJhtaMumif;0ufbfqdkufoHk;
av;ckrSma&;xm;wmawGUawmhrS
pdwfcsoGm;w,f/ 12 &ufaeYu
EkdifiHawmforw&JU vGwfNidrf;csrf;
omcG i f h a Munmcsuf x G u f N yD ; u
wnf;u 'DwpfcgygrSmvm; ao
csmNyDvm;eJY &ifwrrjzpfaecJhwm
tckrS&ifxJu tvHk;BuD;usoGm;
awmhw,f/ nuqdkwpfnvHk;
raysmfwpfcsufaysmfwpfcsufjzpf
aecJh&w,f/
b,fuvlBuD;vJ
eHeuf 10 em&Davmufowif;
axmufawG&JU tar;udk ajzaewJh
rif;udkEkdif&JUtoHudkMum;vkduf&
awmh pdwcf somG ;NyD; vGwv
f w
G v
f yf
vyfaysmfoGm;w,f/ om,m0wD
axmifuvGwfwJh reDvmodef;u
orD;av;udjk yefawGU&awmh t&rf;
pmrsufESm (24) rStquf
apcsifonf/ rSm;wJholawGonf
olwkdYtrSm;twGuf r0efcHrcsif;
olwkdYudk acgif;vQKd;qufqHzkdY r
jzpfEkdif/ olwkdYrsKd;quf\ qnf;
yl;rIxJrSmygcJhaom r[wr*ED\
t,l t qawG t aMumif ; vnf ;
q&mjyefajymjyonf/
udk,hftrSm;udk,f r0efcHbJeJY
awmh EkdifiHa&;ZmwfcHkrSm 0ifuMu
OD;rSmvm;/ arQmfvihfcsuftwGuf
aESmifwnf;cHcJhMuolawGeJY aESmif
wnf;rIrmS t"duae&muygcJMh uol
awGudk wpfwef;wnf;xm;Mu
vHk;nGwfrwwf&SdNyD; cGyfa'gif;
tvHawGvnf; avrSm wzsyfzsyf
vGifhysHaeMuawmhw,f/
onf;onf;vIyfatmifcspfMu
rif;udkEkdifcrsmtdrfjyefc&D;udk
taomhESifroGm;Ekdifbl;/ jynfol
awGu [dkuxGufwm;? 'DuxGuf
wm;eJY wpfwm;wnf;wm;aeMu
csKyfoGm;wJh tpdk;&rsKd;awGvnf;
trsm;BuD ; &S d c J h z l ; ygw,f / bm
aMumifv
h q
J akd wmh vuf&u
dS rmEh idk if H
wkdif;rSm usifhoHk;aewJh 'Drdkua&pD
u ]udk,fpm;jyK'Drkdua&pD} pepf
jzpfw,f/ udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk
jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufNyD;
vTwfawmfxJydkYvdkufayr,fh udk,f
pm;vS,fawG[m vTwfawmfxJ
vdYka&mufav&mt&yfrmS EIwq
f uf
pum;awGajym&w,f/ yef;uHk;pGyf
wmcH&w,f/ atmifoajyawG
urf;wm,l&w,f/ jynfoal wGu
cspfMuwmudk;/ toufxif&Sm;&Sd
aeqJrSm wpfwkdif;wpfjynfvHk;u
]oJov
J yI }f atmifcspMf uwJEh ikd if aH &;
orm;qdv
k YkdwpfoufrmS ESpaf ,muf
yJawGUzl;w,f/ wpfOD;u a':
atmifqef;pkMunf/ aemufwpfOD;
u rif;udkEkdif/
igwaumaumwwf
a':atmifqef;pkMunfu t
ck o r w OD ; od e f ; pd e f t pd k ; &eJ Y
vufwGJNyD; vTwfawmfEkdifiHa&;
vkyfzdkY qHk;jzwfvdkufNyDjzpfw,f/
'Drdkua&pDvrf;c&D;rSma&G;aumuf
yGw
J Ykd? vTwaf wmf wdYk qw
kd mr&Srd jzpf
t*Fg&yfawGjzpfw,f/ 'gayrJh NyD;
jynfhpHkNyDvdkYawmh rqdkEkdifbl;/ a&G;
aumufyw
JG Ykd? vTwaf wmfwYkdeYJ wuf
vmNyD;rS tmPm&Sifqefqeftkyf
tm;vHk;udk cGihfvTwfEkdifyg
onf/ twdwfudk b,fawmhrSjyef
roGm;vdkawmh/ 'gayrJh qlyltHk<u
acgif;jzwfvo
l wfcw
hJ ,fqw
kd mrsK;d ?
&&if& r&&ifcs? 88 qlyltHk<urI
BuD; qdw
k mrsKd; ordik ;f trSm;awGukd
uRefawmfh nDi,f? nDri,fawG?
om;orD; awGtzwfrrSm;? tjrif
rrSm;& atmifawmh ordkif;pmtkyf
trSef a&;zkdYvdkaeNyD/
orkdif;qdkwm vlawGudk rt
atmif vkyaf y;wJt
h &m/ orkid ;f rSm;
&ifawmh vlawG ]t} oGm;ygvdrfh
rnf/
a&mufNyD;wJhtcg jynfolYqEudk
OD;xdyfyefqifjcif;rjyKawmhbJ ig
waumaumwmrsKd;awGjzpfavh
&Sdw,f/
jynfolY'Drdkua&pD
taumif;qHk;uawmh wdkif;
a&;jynf&mudpr SeforQrSm jynfol
jynfom;awGtm;vHk; yg0ifaqG;
aEG;qHk;jzwfwJh ]wdkufdkuf'Drdku
a&pD} 'grSr[kwf ]jynfolY'Drdku
a&pD} jzpfw,f/ 'gayrJh 'guvuf
awGUvkyfzdkY rjzpfEkdifao;bl;/ 'D
tcsdefrSm jynfol&JU ta&;udp
rSeforQudk jynfolawGtvdkus
vk y f u d k i f a qmif & G u f r ,f h tzG J U
tpnf ; rsKd ; r&S d r jzpf v d k t yf y g
w,f/ axmifuvGwfvmwJh rif;
Page 30
2011 ckESpf rdk;pyg;pdkufysKd;
&moDwiG f awmifov
l ,form;rsm;
twGuf tdyfrufaumif;rufcJhMu
onf/
2010 jynfhESpf rdk;pyg;&dwf
odrf;NyD;csdefMuHKawGUcJhMu&aom
&moDOwktcuftcJESifh aps;EIef;
tcuftcJaMumifh vufrdIifcscJh&
aom awmifolv,form;rsm;t
aejzifh aqmif;oD;ESHyJudktm;udk;
arQmfrSef;cJhMuonf/ 2011 ckESpf
{NyDvrSpwifNyD; ydYkuek &f aiGa':vm
aps;EIef;usqif;rIaMumifhvnf;
aumif;? &moDOwkaMumifhvnf;
aumif; yJpu
kd af wmiforl sm;txdem
cJh&jyefonf/ xdktajctaeonf
awmifolv,form;rsm;twGuf
temBuD;emaecJhojzifh v,f,m
vkyif ef;udq
k ufvufvyk u
f ikd &f efyif
tcuftcJ&SdaecJhMuonf/
2011 ckESpf rdk;pyg;pdkufysKd;
&moDwiG f vTwaf wmftrwfrsm;\
aqG;aEG;csufrsm;? *sme,frsm;\
axmufjya&;om;csufrsm;aMumifh
awmifolv,form;rsm;twGuf
tm;wufcJhMu&onf/
vTwfawmftrwfrsm;\aqG;
aEG;csurf sm;? *sme,frsm;\axmuf
jyajymqdkrIrsm;wGif 2011 ckESpf rkd;
pyg;ay:csdefwGif pyg;aps;EIef;udk
xkwfvkyfolp&dwfxufredrfhHkom
ru awmifolv,form;rdom;pk
pm;0wfaea&;udkyg umrdaprnfh
pyg;aps;EIe;f tmrcHcsufay;rnfo
h
abmrsKd;aqG;aEG;vmcJhMuonf/
wpfacwfwpfcgujrefrmhp;D yGm;a&;
avmuwGiv
f ufccH MhJ uaom nDrQ
jcif;udkyifaxmufjyajymqdkvmMu
onf/ if;nDrQjcif;rSm pyg;wif;
100? a&Twpfusyfom;ESifh uRef;
opfwpfwef\aps;EIef;wlnDaecJh
jcif;jzpfonf/ ,cktcgwGif uRef;
opfonf EdkifiHawmfuomwm0ef
,lxw
k v
f yk af &mif;csjcif;jzpfojzifh
azmfjyygnDrQjcif;rS z,fxm;rnf
qdyk gu a&Twpfusyfom;\wefz;kd
ESifh pyg;wif; 100 \ wefzdk;wl
nDae&rnf[kqdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/
,cktcgwGif a&Twpfusyo
f m;wef
zdk;rSm usyfckepfodef;cefY&Sdojzifh p
yg;wif; 100 udu
k syfcek pfoed ;f cefY
rsm;&vmavrvm;[k cefYreS ;f cJMh u
jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkYaom aqG;
aEG;csufrsm;udk v,form;rsm;t
wGuw
f pfoufwmtwGi;f rMum;zl;
cJhaompum;oHrsm;jzpfcJhonf/
,ckawmhMum;vm&NyD/ tdyrf ufvS
vSvnf;rufcJhMuonf/ txl;o
jzifh 2011 ckESpf rkd;pyg;pdkufysKd;&m
oDwGif awGYMuHKcJh&onfhtcuft
cJrsm;udk xdktdyfrufaMumifhausmf
vTm;EkdifcJhonf/
rk d ; pyg;pd k u f y sKd ; &moD w G i f
atmufjrefrmEkid if H Zlvikd v
f v,f
cefYrrS ;kd rSev
f mjcif;aMumifyh sK;d axmif
rIaemufusrSvkyfief;pwifcJhMu&
onf/ oufBuD;pyg; (ay:qef;
arT;? awmifysH) pdkufysKd;olrsm;rS t
csKUd omvQiBf udKwifNyD; ysK;d cif;udak &
pkyfpufjzifh a&wif ysKd;axmifol
tenf;tyg;&SdcJhMuonf/ trsm;
tm;jzifh Zlvikd v
f 'kw,
d ESiw
hf wd,
oDwif;ywfrSomysKd;axmifEdkifol
rsm;cJhMuonf/ xdkYtjyif atmuf
wdkbmvqef;cefYwGif jrefrmEdkifiH
tdyfrufxJu nDrQjcif;
armifo'H ikd f (abm*aA')
awmifydkif;rSrkwfokefqkwfcGmoGm;
jcif;ESifhtwl rkd;vnf;cGmcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh pyg;oufwrf;&uf
100 rS 120 cefYom&Sdaompyg;
rsm;omatmifjrifjzpfxGef;cJhaomf
vnf; &uf 120 ausmfaom ouf
vwfEiS hf oufBuD;pyg;rsm;twGuf
rd;k a&vdt
k yfraI Mumifh tzsif;rsm;NyD;
pyg;txGufododomomusqif;
oGm;cJhonf/
pdkufysKd;csdefumvtwGif; a&
BuD;jcif;aMumifh ysKd;cif;ESiphf u
kd cf if;
rsm;a&0ifepfjrKyfMu&jyefonf/ odYk
aomfazmfjycJhaomtdyfrufaMumifh
vdktyfonfht&if;tESD;udkzspfnpf
xkwNf yD; tBudrBf udryf sK;d axmifpu
kd f
ysKd;Muolrsm;vnf; &SdcJhonf/
wGifar;p&mar;cGef;epfck&Sdonf/
]]awmifolv,form;rsm;pD;yGm;
a&;wGufajcrudkufbJ tb,f
aMumifh v,f,mvkyfief;udkquf
vufvkyfudkifaeMuoenf;}} [l
jzpfonf/ pma&;olavhvmxm;
csuft& jrefrmv,form;trsm;
pkonf rdk;&GmvmcsdefwGif v,fxJ
qif; v,frvkyf&ygu rpm;
Ekdif? rtdyfEdkifolrsm;omjzpfMu
onf/ if;wdkYtwGuf rddk;zvm
tvkyjf zpfojzifh td;k pGaJ eaom t
vkyjf zpfonf/ pD;yGm;a&;t& wGuf
ajcudkufonf? rudkufonfrSm t
"dur[kwb
f J v,frvky&f vQif r
aeEdkifolrsm;omjzpfMuonf/ xdkY
aMumifhvnf; jyef&csufraocsm
onfw
h ikd f rdrw
d YkdrufcahJ omtdyrf uf
twGuf tBudrfBudrfukefusp&dwf
pdkufxkwfvkyfudkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
pyg;pdkufysKd;csdefuvnf; ,ckESpf
pyg;ay:vQif pyg;wif; 100 vQif
usyaf v;ode;f cefYtenf;qH;k tmrcH
aps;EIef;owfrSwfNyD; 0,frnf[l
aomaumvm[vrsm;uvnf;ay:
cJhjyefojzifh awmifolv,form;
rsm;twifh&JpGm t&if;tESD;&SmazG
acs;iSm;NyD; tBudrfBudrfvkyfudkifcJh
Mujcif;jzpfonf/
,cktcg pyg;xGuv
f mNyDjzpf
ojzifh v,form;rsm;&ifqkdif&
onfhpyg;aps;EIef;rSm &ifeifhzG,f
yifjzpfonf/ oufBuD;pyg;rSm t
xGufenf;onfuwpfaMumif;?
jynfwGif;aps;uGuftwGufpm;oHk;
ol B ud K uf E S p f o uf r I a Mumif h w pf
EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;onf v,f,mxGufukefaps;EIef;tmrcH
onfpU epfusio
Uf ;kH vmMuonfrmS vnf; pD;yGm;a&;zGYH NzKd ;wd;k wufrI
udk arQmfrSef;vkyfaqmifcsufyifjzpfonf/ awmifolv,form;
rsm;\ 0,fvt
kd m;jrifrU m;vmrIrw
S pfqifU NrKd Y jyxkwu
f ek x
f w
k v
f yk f
rIwdk;wufvmaprnfudk arQmfrSef;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ enf;jzifU
pD;yGm;a&;zGHY NzdK;rI&&SdvmatmifvkyfcJUMuonf . . .
aMumif;aMumifh wif; 100 aps;
EIe;f rSm usyif g;ode;f cefY&o
dS nf/ odYk
aomfoufi,fpyg;wif; 100 t
wGuf aps;EIe;f rSmrl usyo
f ;kH ode;f ESihf
usyfoHk;odef;atmufwGifomaps;
jzpfvsuf&Sdonf/ ,ckESpfpdkufysKd;
&moDtwGif; pma&;olavhvmcJh
aom &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD; arSmf
bDNrdKUe,f&Sd awmifolv,form;
tcsKdU\ysrf;rQpyg;wpf{uxkwf
vkyfrIukefusp&dwfudkMunfhygu
atmufygtwdkif;awGU&ygonf/
Z,m;wGifazmfjyxm;onfht
wdkif; pyg;wpf{utwGuf pdkuf
ysKd;xkwfvkyfrIp&dwfrSm 147500
usyfcefY&NdS yD;ysrf;rQwpf{utxGuf
pyg;wpf{uxkwfvkyfrIukefusp&dwf
pOf
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
taMumif;t&m
ysKd;cif;+pdkufcif;\xGef,ufp&dwf
rsKd;pyg;
ysKd;Ekwfc
aumufpdkufc
"mwfajrMoZm
aumuf&dwfc
taxGaxGvkyftm;c
e,f^avShp&dwf
wpf{u\pkpkaygif;ukefusp&dwf
ysrf;rQp&dwf (usyf)
35000
10000
15000
22500
25000
18000
10000
12000
147500
&&SdEdkifonf/ xdk0ifaiGonfyif
awmifolv,form;rsm;? if;\
vkyt
f m;pdu
k x
f w
k cf &hJ onfv
h yk cf om
jzpfNyD; tvkyform;\vkyfcxuf
yifedrfhusaeonfh0ifaiGjzpfonf/
awmifov
l ,form;rdom;pk\pm;
0wfaea&;toHk;p&dwfudkygxnfh
oGif;pOf;pm;ygu ,ckESpf&&Sdaom
pyg;aps;EIef;onf awmifolv,f
orm;rsm;twGufpD;yGm;a&; wGuf
ajcudkufrIvHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;uif;rJh
aernfomjzpfonf/
jzpf&yfrsKd; tBudrfBudrf t
xyfxyfcpH m;vm&aomv,form;
rsm;twGuv
f ,f,mukex
f w
k v
f yk f
ief;tay:tm;xkwBf udK;yrf;vdpk w
d f
avsmyh g;vmapHo
k mru v,f,m
vkyif ef;udpk eG Ycf mG vdo
k rl sm;jym;vmrnf
jzpfonf/
txufwGifazmfjyxm;ouJh
odkY ]v,form;rsm;onf pD;yGm;
a&;wGufajcudkufonf? rudkuf
onfut
kd "durxm;bJ 0goemt&
v,f,mudk qufvufvyk u
f ikd af e
Murnfomjzpfonf}[laom ,lq
csufaMumifh if;wdkYudk vspfvsLI
xm;rduumv&SnfwGifrarQmfrSef;
bJxu
G af y:vmrnfh awmifov
l ,f
orm;rsm;\tEkwv
f uPmwHYkjyef
csuo
f nfwikd ;f jynftwGuf tvGef
trif;txdemrnfomjzpfonf/
jyemudak jz&Si;f &eftcsed f
qG
J rjzpf/ v,form;rsm;twGuf
pyg;ay:vQif trsm;tm;jzifh r
a&mif;rjzpfa&mif;csMu&onf/
aps;wufrnf[ck efYreS ;f Muonfw
h ikd f
atmif odrf;qnf;odkavSmifxm;
Edkifjcif;r&SdMu/ qyf&rnfhta<u;?
pm;0wfaea&;p&dwEf iS hf taxGaxG
toHk;p&dwfwdkYtwGuf aygufaps;
jzifha&mif;Murnfomjzpfonf/
,ckyifa&mif;aeMu&NyD/ olwdkY\
tHI;udk olwdkYydk ydkodvmMu
onf/ pyg;aps;EIef;jrifhrm;a&;udk
wmcsv
D w
d w
f iG v
f m;[lwikd ;f &if;om;(pkaygi;f )ESpo
f pfu;l yJaG wmf pnfum;pGmusi;f y
wmcsDvdwfNrdKUwGif vm;[l
wdkif;&if;om;dk;&m(pkaygif;)ESpf
opful;yJGawmfudk &Srf;dk;ruGif;jyif
wGif Zefe0g&Dv 19 rS 21 &uf
txdusif;ycJhaMumif;od&onf/
tqdyk gyJaG wmfoYkd wmcsDvw
d f
NrdKUay:ESifhawmifay:aus;&Gmae
vm;[lwkdif;&if;om; trsm;tjym;
vma&mufcNhJ yD;tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om;
rsm;vnf; yg0ifqifEJTcJhaMumif;
od&onf/
yJGawmfwGif acwfay:aw;
*DwpifESifh vm;[ldk;&majr0dkif;
twD;ESifhtursm;yg0ifcJhNyD; aus;
&Gmrsm;rS vm;[lwdkif;&if;om;
tursm;udk ujycJhMuaMumif;?
acwfay:wD;0dik ;f wGif vm;[ltqdk
awmfrsm;tjyifemrnfBuD;tqdak wmf
rsm;vnf ; azsmf a jzcJ h N yD ; npOf
wd;k raygufatmifpnfum;cJah Mumif;?
yJGawmfwGifuHprf;rJrsm;? wdkif;&if;
om;t0wftxnfqkdifrsm;? dk;&m
tpm;tpmqdkifrsm;? aysmf&TifzG,f
upm;enf;rsm;vma&mufzGifhvSpf
oltrsm;tjym;&SNd yD; a&mif;aumif;
cJhaMumif; od&onf/
]]uRefru erfhwl;&Gmuvm
wmyg/ tm;vkH;ta,muf 30
ausmfvmNyD; ESpfntdyfygw,f/
uRerf wdYkwidk ;f &if;om;yJaG wmfvnf;
jzpfawmh t&rf;aysmfw,f/ yGJ
awmfvmwJholawGu qdkifu,f?
ok;H bD;qdik u
f ,f? tDwefum;awGeYJ
vmMuygw,f/ &GmrSmtbd;k tbGm;
awGyJusefw,f/ &GmvkH;uRwfvm
Muw,f/ ajr0dkif;turSm &Gmwkdif;
uMuw,f}}[kerfw
h ;l &GmrSreef;crf;
u ajymjyonf/
qkvPD;
orm;trsm;pku ukefacsma&mif;
tm;&dSoavmufyJ ukefMurf;0,f
,lMuw,f}}[k yJcpJG ufyikd &f iS w
f pfO;D
u &Sif;jyygonf/
]]rwfyaJ ps;uvnf;ta[mif;
usyf39000?topfusyf 40000rS
42000?yJpif;iHek t
D a[mif;43000?
yJpif;iHek D topf46000 rS 47000
txd t0,fvu
kd w
f ,f/ yJpif;iHjk zL
31
MuHaps;EIef;avQmhcs0,f,ljcif;aMumifh
MuHpdkufawmifolrsm; tcufawGYae
&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;wGif
MuaH ps;EIe;f avQmch s0,f,jl cif;aMumifh
MuHpdkufawmifolrsm; tcufawGU
aeaMumif; pHkprf;od&Sd&onf/
]]oMum;aps;rwnfNidrfwJh
twGuf MuHaps;EIef;udk jyifqif
owfrSwfr,fqdkNyD; 'DZifbmvxJ
wke;f uaMunmcJw
h ,f/ MuHawmif
ol&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;eJY pufHka&&Snf
&yfwnfEikd af &;qdNk yD;MuHwpfwefukd
usy3f 7000xdaps;avsm0h ,fw,f/
tckvdk aps;avQmh0,fwJhtwGuf
wpfEpS rf mS wpf&moDyaJ rQmv
f ifch suf
&SdwJhawmifolawGtwGuf awmf
awmfav;tcufawGYaeygw,f}}
[k aemifcsKd NrdKUe,frS MuHpu
kd af wmif
olwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/
,cifu &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmuf
ydkif;&Sd MuHpdkufawmifoltrsm;pkrSm
rdru
d ,
kd w
f ikd f oumcsuv
f yk Nf yD; rE
av;aps;uGufodkY wifydkYa&mif;cscJh
aMumif;? aeYpOfaygufaps;twdkif;
a&mif;cscJhMu&mrS ,cktcg pufHk
pdwfBudKufaps;EIef;taojzifh 0,f
,lvmjcif;aMumifh awmiforl sm;rSm
aG;cs,fp&mr&Sjd zpfvmaMumif; od
&onf/
]]'Da'orSm oMum;pufv
kH m
rwnfcifwkef;u uRefawmfwdkY
[m udk,fwdkifoumcsufNyD; rE
av;aps;uGufudk wifydkYcJhwmyg/
aemufyikd ;f pufw
kH nfawmh awmif
olawGudk rEav;'dkifaygufaps;t
wdkif;0,fr,fqdkNyD; pnf;Hk;w,f/
MuHaps;udk wpfwef usyf 16000
ay;NyD;0,fcw
hJ ,f/oMum;aps;awG
aumif;wke;f uMuHuo
kd wfrw
S x
f m;
wJah ps;EIe;f eJYy0J ,fNyD;tckaps;usEikd f
wJhtaetxm;a&mufawmh ESpfOD;
ESpfzufqHk;HI;rIr&Sdap&efqdkNyD; aps;
avsmh0,fw,f/jrwfwkef;uESpfOD;
ESpfOD;ESpfzufrQNyD; rjrwfcJh&bJ HI;
awmhEpS Of ;D ESpzf ufrQ;IH qdw
k o
hJ abm
jzpfaew,f}}[k uHBuD; aus;&Gm
awmifolwpfOD;u ajymMum;yg
onf/
&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif; BuH
pdkuf&moDrSm arvwGifpwifum
azazmf0g&Dvqef;ydkif;wGif pwif
ckwfaMumif;? MuHwpf{updkufysdK;
xkwv
f yk rf pI &dwo
f nf MuHrsdK; usyf
300000? ajrjyKjyifp&dwf 70000?
oGif;tm;pkp&dwf(uGefaygif;? bdkif
td?k ykv)J 108000 ? pdu
k yf sdK;p&dwf
(vkyfom; 10 OD;) usyf 25000?
aygif;vkdufc(ESpfBudrf) 50000?
abmifv;kH 15000?a&oGi;f 50000?
ckwcf 30000?wifc40000?um;c
210000wdkYjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
oef;Edkifpdk;
33
tvkHNrdKYe,ftwGif;&Sd &SpfxyfwkduftaqmufttHk\ajrnDxyfaemufzufjcrf;rS
ajrom;tenf;i,fedrfUqif;rIESifUtwl uGJtufonfUjzpfpOfwpfckjzpfyGm;cJU
&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD;? tvkH
NrdKUe,ftwGi;f &Sd &Spx
f yftaqmuf
ttHw
k pfv;Hk \ ajrnDxyfaemuf
zufjcrf;rSm ajrom;tenf;i,f
edrfhqif;rIESihftwl uGJtufonfh
jzpfpOfwpfck 2012 ckEpS f Zefe0g
&Dv 19 &uf nu jzpfyGm;cJh
aMumif; owif;&&So
d nf/
tqdyk gjzpfpOftm; ,if;aeYn
9 em&D 45 rdepftcsed cf efYwiG f ajr
nDxyfwiG af exdik o
f rl sm;rS pwifod
&Scd jhJ cif;jzpfaMumif; od&&dS onf/
,if;jzpfpOfudk rsuaf wGU&So
d l
wpfO;D u ]] uRerf wkYdtrd u
f tJ'D
wku
d t
f aemufbuf wnfw
h nfrh mS
jzpfygw,f/ uRefraemufaz;udk
xGuw
f t
hJ csed rf mS tJ'w
D u
dk u
f ajr
nDxyfEiS yhf xrxyftqufem;u
tkwef cD u
J soaH wGMum;vkYd Munfrh d
awmh ajrnDxyfESifhyxrxyft
qufu uGt
J ufaMumif;BuD;awG
awGU&wmeJYy J tJ'DwkdufukdvSrf;
atmfjy;D owday;vku
d yf gw,f }} [k
jyefvnfajymjycJo
h nf/
ajrnD e d r f h q if ; cJ h r I r S m 6
vufreD;yg;cefY&adS Mumif;? ajrnD
xyfEiS hf yxrxyftquftufuJG
aMumif;rSm pwifapmifMh unfo
h nfh
Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeY n 10
em&DtcsdefwGif vufESpfvkH;cefY
om&Scd jhJ yD; 20 &uf aeY eHeuf 10
em&Dtcsdeftxdppfaq;csuft&
vufwpfxGmtxdtus,f&Sdvm
Ekid w
f ,f}}[k tvkHNrKdUe,f NrKdUe,f
tkycf sKyaf &;rSL; jzpfol OD;oef;Ekid u
f
ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
tqdyk g wdu
k u
f t
JG ufraI Mumifh
,if ; wd k u f w G i f aexd k i f o l r sm;
omruteD;ywf0ef;usiw
f u
kd rf sm; &Sd
olrsm;udyk g odocd si;f ajymif;a&TU
,ckEpS q
f ef;ydik ;f twGi;f jzpfay:co
UJ nfU
,mOfwu
kd rf EI iS Uf wdr;f arSmufrrI sm;wGif
t&Sed jf yif;pGmarmif;ESirf I t"duyg0if
,ckESpfqef;ydkif;twGif;jzpf
ay:cJhonfh,mOfwdkufrIESifh,mOf
wdr;f arSmufrrI sm;wGif t&Sed jf yif;pGm
armif;ESifrIaMumifh t"duydkrdkjzpf
yGm;cJhNyD;[dkif;vwfESifh'dkifem,mOf
ydkrdkrsm;jym;aMumif;rxo(A[dk)
rSw&m;0ifxkwfjyefcsufrsm;t&
owif;&&Syd gonf/
,ckEpS q
f ef;ydik ;f twGi;f ,mOf
wdkufrIESifh ,mOfwdrf;arSmufrIrsm;
jzpfay:cJhrIrsm;onf Zefe0g&Dv 2
&ufaeY eHeuf 8 em&D tcsdefcefY
wGif 125 ,mOfum;vwf,mOfvikd ;f
rS,mOftrSw(f '/102) ,mOfonf
apmfbmG ;MuD; uke;f vrf;qkrH w
S w
f ikd f
teD;t&Sed jf yif;pGmarmif;ESirf aI Mumifh
,mOfwrd ;f arSmufrjI zpfay:cJ&h m 'Pf
&m&oloHk;OD;&Scd jJ cif;vnf;aumif;?
Zefe0g&Dv 4 &uf? rGef;vGJ 2 em&D
30 rdepftcsed w
f iG af jrmufyikd ;f cdik pf D
rH r I a tmuf & S d X mecG J ( 1)rS 132
tjzL[dkif;vwf,mOftrSwf(' /
6782),mOfonf&efuek rf w
S u
kd Mf uD;
odkYtjyef arSmfbDNrdKUe,fwyfukef;
&yfuGuf rdkifwdkif(29/4)ta&muf
,mOf\aemufwm,muGu
J m vrf;
\,mbufoYkdwrd ;f arSmufrjI zpfay:
cJ&h m'Pf&m&olajcmufO;D &Scd o
hJ nf/
xdYktjyifZefe0g&Dv 5 &uf rGef;vGJ
1 em&D 15 rdepftcsdew
f iG f oef
jrefolpDrHrIatmuf&Sd 79 tpdrf;
(5u /9020)uifwm,mOfonf
&efuek -f ykord v
f rf;rBuD;(100)*dwf
a[mif;ta&mufwGifa&SUnmbuf
bD;yGifhNyD;vrf;ab;"mwfwdkiftm;
0ifwdkufcJh&m c&D;onfajcmufOD;
'Pf&m&&Scd u
hJ m Zefe0g&Dv 11 &uf
eHeuf 10 em&Dtcsdeu
f taemuf
ydkif;cdkifXmecGJ(2)rS 101 tjzL
'd k i f e m,mOf t rS w f ( t / 8332)
,mOfonf0g;wpf&mrS tif;pdefodkY
tjyefavSmu
f m;txu (2)a&SUcsKd ifh
udka&Smif&mrS,mOf wdrf;arSmufrI
aMumifh oHk;OD;aoqHk;um oHk;OD;
'Pf&m&&Scd NhJ yD; Zefe0g&Dv 11 &uf
rGef;vGJ 2 em&Dtcsed fwGifawmifyikd ;f
cdkif?XmecGJ(2)rS,mOftrSwf(6u/
1167)[dik ;f vwf,mOfonf ,kZe
yvmZmrSausmufwef;odYkarmif;ESif
vmpOf oefvsif oraumvdyrf w
S f
wdkifwGif&yf&efjyKvkyfpOfvrf;\
nmbufrx
S u
G v
f maomqdik u
f ,f
tm; wdu
k rf Nd yD;wdr;f arSmufc&hJ m,mOf
ay:yg 11 OD;'Pf&m&&SdcJhaMumif;
od&&dS onf/
]]arSmfbDwdkYwdkufBuD;wdkUbuf
udkajy;qGJwJh,mOfvdkif;awGqdk&if
vnf;rsm;aomtm;jzifyh rkH eS x
f uft
&Sdefwdk;NyD;armif;Muw,f/,mOf
arSmufrIyJjzpfjzpf? ,mOfwdkufrIyJ
jzpfjzpft"dutaMumif;t&if;u
,mOfarmif;tay:rlwnfygw,f}}
[krxo(A[d)k rSwm0ef&o
dS w
l pfO;D
u ajymMum;cJhonf/
vnf;w&m;0ifa&mif;cswmjzpfwJh
twGuf pD;vdkY&w,ffqdkNyD; 0,fcJh
rddw,f/ tckusawmh &efukefpnf
yife,fedrdwftwGif; pD;eif;cGifhr&Sd
bl;qdkNyD;awmh xkwfjyefwJhtcg
usawmh uReaf wmfwYkdvkd 0,fxm;rd
wJholawGu jyefvnftyfvdkY r&
bl;/ qufNyD;pD;&ifvnf; ta&;
,lc&H r,f/ NyD;awmh w&m;0ifvikd f
pifvyk &f ifvJ pnfyife,ferd w
d jf yif
yrSmyJ pD;eif;cGifh&Sdw,fvdkY ajym
w,f/ b,fvq
kd ufvyk &f rvJrod
bl;}}[k ajymjycJhonf/
vQyfppfqikd u
f ,fEiS hf pufb;D
rsm;tm; qdkifu,frsm;uJhodkYyif
vdkifpifjyKvkyfay;NyD; pnfyifom
,me,fedrdwfjyifywGifom pD;eif;
toHk;jyKcGifhay;rnfjzpfaMumif;?
&efukefpnfyife,fedrdwftwGif;
vQyfppfqdkifu,fpufbD; pD;eif;
toHk;jyKrIrsm;tm; pDrHcsufcs
wmarGNrdKUe,fausmufajrmif;
ta&SU&yfuu
G af usmufa&wGi;f vrf;
trSwf----&Sd wdkufcef;wpfcef;
wGiaf exdik o
f u
l -kd ---touf 29
ESpfrSm Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeYu
pdwaf zmufjyefrdr\
d oH;k vt&G,f
uav;i,ftm; if;aexdik &f m oH;k
vTmrS ypfcs&efBudK;yrf;rIjzpfpOf
wpfckjzpfyGm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
jzpfpOfrSm Zefe0g&Dv 19
&ufaeY n 7 em&DtcsdefcefYwGif
ausmufa&wGif; vrf; trSwf ...
&Sw
d u
kd cf ef;wpfcef; wGif aexdik o
f l
udk... touf 29 ESpfrSm rdrd\
oH;k vt&G,o
f rD;i,fukd oH;k vTmrS
ypfcs&ef BudK;yrf;aejcif;aMumifh
&yfuGufrS wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESihf &J
wyfzGJU0ifrsm;? rD;owfwyfzGJY0if
rsm;u tcsdefrDwm;qD;EdkifcJhNyD; &Gm
omBuD; pdwfusef;rma&;aq;HkodkY
ydkYaqmifay;cJh&jcif; jzpfonf/
]]pdwfazmufjyefNyD; ZeD;onf
qDu uav;ukv
d Nk yD; wdu
k af y:u
ypfcszdkY vkyfaewkef; olYZeD;&JUatmf
Page 35
MDY
ppfudkif;jrdKU&Sdtdk;vkyfief;rsm;
wGifwpfESpfxufwpfESpf jrifhwuf
vmonfh ukefMurf;aps;EIef;rsm;
t& vkyu
f ikd o
f t
l rsm;pkrmS aeYpm;?
vufcpm;tjzpfjyKvkyfvmjcif;?
td k ; zk w f a omxif ; tumom;?
aumufdk;aps;EIef;ponfh xkwf
vkyfrIp&dwfrsm;aMumifh tdk;zkwf&m
wGifpkaygif;vkyfudkifonfhyHkpHodkY
ajymif;vJvmaMumif; od&onf/
,if ; od k Y tajctaewG i f
ppfuikd ;f NrdKU? td;k bd&k yfrx
S u
G &f adS om
emrnfausmfjymodktdk;jyKvkyfrIrsm;
avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf;
yGifhopfvGifjyifyef;csDjyyGJ
usif;yrnf
rEav;NrdKU 84 vrf; ESifh 31
vrf;axmifh&Sd "romv cef;rwGif
azazmf0g&Dv 4 &uf? 5 &ufESifh
6 &ufaeYrsm;wGif yGifhopfvGif
jyifyef;csDjyyGJudk usif;yoGm;rnf
jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
]]yef;csDq&m 50 ausmf&JU
yef ; csD u m;aygif ; 200 ausmf
yg0ifjyorSmyg/ yef;csDum;a&mif;
&aiG&UJ 30 &mcdik Ef eI ;f udk trsdK;om;
'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf (rEav;wdkif;
a'oBuD ; )&J U &ef y H k a iG tjzpf
vSL'gef;oGm;rSmjzpfNyD; usefwJh 70
&mckdifEIef;uawmh yef;csDq&m
twGufyg}}[k yef;csDjyyGJ usif;y
a&;aumfrwD0ifwpfOD;u ajym
onf/
/
vkyu
f ikd rf yI pkH rH sm;wpwpajymif;vJ
vmaMumif;od&onf/ td;k bd&k yft
a&SYydkif;&Sdbdk;pOfabmifquftdk;
vkyfief;vkyfudkifol rpef;wifhu
]]ajreD ? ajreuf E S p f r sd K ;aygif ;
axmfvm*sDwpfpD; 18000 usyfeJU
oJvSnf;wpfpD;udk 2000 usyf&Sd
w,f/wpfcsKdUuawmh udk,fhjcH0ef;
xJuae ajreDwl;NyD;vkyfwmrsdK;
vnf;&Sdw,f/ 'guvnf;ajrom;
aumif;rSvkyfvdkY&wm/ wpf&ufudk
tdk;tvHk;a& 50 avmufNyD;&if
t&if;EIwfvdkufawmh aeYwGuf
2000 usyf a vmuf u sef w ,f /
aomif;usyf? aumufdk;tvdIif;
500 twGuf av;aomif;usyf
ukeu
f swmrdYkp&dwu
f renf;bl;av/
'gaMumifh td;k vkyw
f o
hJ al wGpak ygif;
NyD; zkwfMuovdk yGJpm;awGqDrSmyJ
tdk;tpdrf;twdkif;a&mif;NyD; vkyfc
aeYwu
G o
f abmrsdK;vkyaf eMuwm/
xk w f v k y f r I u awmh t &if x uf
avsmhroGm;ygbl;}}[k qufvuf
ajymjyygonf/
jymodkvtwGif;jyKvkyfaom
tdk;rsm;rSm tat;"mwfydkrdkjzpfay:
apjcif;aMumifh td;k vkyif ef;vkyu
f ikd f
olrsm;rSm ajccif;vufcif;om
aom jymodv
k wGiEf pS pf Ofuo
hJ Ykd td;k
tvH;k a&tajrmuftjrm;xkwv
f yk f
umEdkifiHtESHodkY oabFm? rD;&xm;
rsm;jzifw
h ifyYkdr&I adS Mumif;od&onf/
]]jymodkvrSm aea&mifrjyif;wm
aMumifh tdk;vkyfwJhtcgoJrsm;rsm;
oHk;NyD;vkyf&w,f/ aea&mifjyif;
&ifajrurmvG,w
f maMumifh vky&f
udkif&wmraumif;bl;/ jymodk
tdk;u oJrsm;rsm;oHk;NyD;vkyfawmh
ydak t;wmaygh/ ewfawmf? jymodu
k
tdk;vkyfief;twGuf taumif;qHk;
tcsdefjzpfNyD; waygif;? wefcl;qdk
ajcmufaoGUvmawmh tdk;txGuf
enf;oGm;jyD/ waygif;qdk&ifawmh
oBuF e f t d k ; (twmtd k ; )awG p jyD ;
vkyfMuygNyD}}[k tdk;vkyfief;vkyf
udik o
f w
l pfO;D u ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
rif;oefY
/
taxmuftxm;rcdkifvHkaom CNG
"mwfaiGY ,mOfrsm;tm; 0,f,lcGifU,m,D&yfem;xm;
rEav;NrdKUwGif; ajy;qGJaom
CNG ,mOf r sm;wG i f taxmuf
txm;rcdkifvHkaom,mOfrsm;tm;
0,f , l c G i f h , m,D & yf e m;xm;
aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
]]tck , mOf t d k , mOf a [mif ;
tyfESHwJhtxJrSm CNG um;awG
vnf;ygw,f/ wcsdKUum;awGu
,mOfomtyfESHNyD; *wfpftdk;awGudk
wjcm;um;awG jyef a &mif ; Mu
w,f/ rlvpm&if;udk rzsufbJeJY
,mOf j yef o G i f ; wJ h t cgMuawmh
*wf p f u m;awG j yef o G i f ; w,f /
'ghaMumifh "mwfaiGYum;awGu
wd k ; vmw,f / uRef a wmf w d k Y
taeeJ Y u m;awG w d k ; vm&if vH k
avmufatmif ra&mif;csEdkifrSm
pdk;vkdYum;awGudktaxmuftxm;
cdkifvHkrI&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;aeygw,f/
'Dvpkd pfaq;qJumvrSmawmh 0,f
,lcGifhudk &yfem;xm;ygw,f/ cdkif
vHw
k u
hJ m;awGuakd wmh yHrk eS t
f wdik ;f
a&mif; ay;aeygw,f}}[k jrefrm
a&eHESifhobm0"mwfaiGUvkyfief;rS
wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ajymonf/
,mOftdk;,mOfa[mif; tyfESH
aom,mOfrS "mwfaiGUtd;k udjk yefvnf
0,f,laom,mOfydkif&Sifrsm;tae
jzifh "mwfaiGYtdk;ajymif;vJwyfqif
cGifhudk jyefvnfavsmufxm;&
rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]uRef a wmf u rE a v;ausmufqnfajy;qGJwJhum;uae
wqif h j yef 0 ,f c J h w myg/ ,mOf
ajymif;vJwyfqifwt
hJ cgrSmvnf;
H;k vkyif ef;vkyx
f ;kH vkyef nf;twdik ;f
vkycf yhJ gw,f/ jrefrmha&eHeYJobm0
"mwfaiGYvkyfief;uae armfawmf
,mOfo;kH obm0"mwfaiGU0,f,cl iG hf
pmtkyf xkwaf y;cJyh gw,f/ ajcmuf
vavmuf 0,f,lcGifh&cJhayr,fh
Zefe0g&Dv 18&ufaeYupNy;D 0,f,l
cGirhf &awmhygbl;/ ta&mif;qdik u
f
uRefawmfwdkY0,f,lcGifh pmtkyfawG
upm&if;raygufb;l vdYkajymygw,f/
tck"mwfaiGU0,f,v
l Ykrd &wJt
h wGuf
vdkif;ajy;wm&yfxm;&w,f/ w
jcm;um;awGvdk vrf;ab;u 0,f
jznfv
h Ykd &wJu
h m;awGvnf; r[kwf
bl;}}[krEav;NrdKUwGi;f ajy;qGaJ om
,mOf ydkif&SifwpfOD;u ajymonf/
pGrf;tif0efBuD;|me\ xkwf
jyefcsufwiG pf rG ;f tif0efBuD;|me\
cGifhjyKcsufr&&Sdonfh w&m;r0if
CNG ,mOfrsm;onf yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;
jzifh CNG ta&mif;qdkifrsm;wGif;
0,f , l a eonf h t wG u f ? ab;
tE&m,fuif;&Sif;apa&;twGuf
zrf;qD;ta&;,l vsuf&SdaMumif;?
usef&Sdaeonfh w&m;r0if CNG
,mOfrsm;\ eHygwfrsm;udkvnf;
uGeyf sLwmjzifah zmfxw
k pf pfaq;NyD;
,mOfxdef;&JwyfzGJU? ukefvrf;ydkY
aqmifa&;nTeMf um;rIO;D pD;|mewdYkxH
tyfESH yl;aygif;tzGJUrsm;jzifh *dwf
rsm;? vrf;rBuD;rsm;ay:wGif quf
vufppfaq;zrf;qD;ta&;,loGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
eHuyfEpS x
f yf 4vk;H ? wpfxyf 1vk;H
tygt0if oGyfrdk;x&Hum ESpfxyf
4 vkH;? wpfxyf 1vkH;ESifh 0g;uyf
x&HumESpfxyf 4 vkH;? wpfxyf
(13)vkH; pkpkaygif;tdrfajc (26)
vkH; xyfqkH;HI;cJhonf/ atmif
ajrompHNrdKUe,f avmifuRrf;cJh
aomrD;avmifrIaMumifh 18 ay?
25ayESifh 8ayywfvnf RCESpf
xyfrD;zdkaqmiftwGif;&Sd yef;uef
pifESifhopfom;pm;yGJckHwpfvkH; rD;
avmifuRr;f qk;H k;H cJah Mumif;od&onf/
yxrtBudrfrD;avmif&modkY
rD;owf,mOf(53)pD; tygt0if
oaE r D ; owf t if t m;(40)ES i f h
t&efrD;owftiftm;(235)wdkYrS
0dik ;f 0ef;Nidr;f owfcahJ Mumif;?'kw,
d
tBudrf rD;avmif&modkY rD;owf
,mOf (10)pD;? oaErD;owftif
tm;(10)OD; tygt0if t&efrD;
owftiftm;(30)wdkYrS 0dkif;0ef;
Nid r f ; owf c J h M uaMumif ; od & S d &
onf/
/
36
bl;oD;awmifNrdKYwGif
vlukeful;olwpfOD;tm; zrf;qD;
&cdik jf ynfe,fb;l oD;awmifNrdKU
wGif pifumylEikd if o
H Ukd vluek u
f ;l ol
rsm;tzGJUrSwpfOD;tm; Zefe0g&Dv
5&ufaeYu armifawmvlukeful;
wm;qD;ESrd ef if;a&; (txl;)tzGUJ ESihf
bl;oD;awmif&w
J yfzUJG pcef;rSwyfzUJG
0ifrsm;yl;aygif;um zrf;qD;vdkuf
jcif;jzpfaMumif;owif; &&Sdonf/
zrf;qD;&rdorl mS bl;oD;awmif
(5) &yfuGufaea':---? touf
55 ESpjf zpfaMumif;ESihf pifumylEikd if H
odkU vlukeful;cH&ol r-----?
touf 24 ESpf? bl;oD;awmif
awmif&yfuGufaeol\ wdkifMum;
csuft&zrf;qD;&rdjcif;jzpfonf/
jzpfpOfrSm a':---u r------ tm; pifumylEdkifiHwGif
vpmaumif;onfh tvkyf&rnf?
ukefusp&dwf tukeftuscHydkYay;
rnf[k oHk;BudrfcefYaetdrfodkYvm
a&mufpnf;H;k cJah Mumif;?odYk twGuf
&efukefNrdKU ausmufajrmif;wmarG
&yfaetqdkyga':---\ orD;r-(c)---qDodkYydkYay;aMumif;ESifh
,if;rSwpfzef yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f
wGifaexdkifol r--(c)r---xH
ay;ydkYcH&NyD; tqdkygyef;bJwef;
rSaetdrfwGif wpfvcGJcefYaexdkif
um pifumylodkYoGm;Edkif&ef ADZm
&&Sda&;udk r--u jyKvkyfay;cJh
aMumif;ESifh,if;aemufav,mOf
jzifh pifumylodkUoGm;cJhaMumif;ESifh
avqdyw
f iG f vmBudKou
l rk P
D vkyf
ief;&Sif wkwftrsdK;orD; -- ae
tdrfwGif wjcm;jrefrmtrsdK;orD;
i,f 15OD;ESifhtwl tcef;wpfcef;
xJwGif ydwfavSmifaecJh&aMumif;?
jyifyodUk qufo,
G cf iG rhf &cJb
h J tqdk
ygaetdrfodkYvmaom um;rsm;ESifh
trsdK;orD;i,frsm;udk xnfhay;
aMumif;? r-----udkvnf; um;
wpfpD;ESifh xnfhay;&maeraumif;
[kqu
kd mjiif;cJo
h jzifah jcaxmufEiS hf
uef ausmufcH&aMumif;? tqdkyg
w&kwftrsdK;orD;xHwGif wpfvcGJ
cefU aexdkifcJh&jyD;aemuf pifumyl
wGifaexdkifol bl;oD;awmifjrdKUrS
udk--- ESifhtquftoG,f&um
tqdkyg tdrfrScdk;xGufcJhaMumif;?
pifumyl&JodkU wdkifMum;cJh&m &Jrsm;
uw&kwt
f rsKd ;orD;r--udk ac:,l
ppfaq;um EdkifiHul;vufrSwfudk
jyef&cJah Mumif;ESiu
hf -kd -- \ tul
tnDjzif&h efuek o
f Ukd jyefvnfa&muf
&Sdvmjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
&efuek o
f Ukd a&muf&jdS yD;OD;av;
aetdrfwGif aexdkifaepOf r-a&mufvmjyD; r--u a':vm
1000 jzifh a&mif;cJah Mumif;ajymjyD;
aemufxyfpifumylodkU jyefoGm;&
rnf[kvmajymaMumif;udk r---uwdkifMum;pmjzifhwdkifMum;cJhjcif;
jzpfaMumif; trIudk bl;oD;awmif
&Jpcef; (y)6^12?vluek u
f ;l rI wm;
qD;umuG,af &;Oya'yk'rf 24^32
t&ta&;,laqmif&u
G v
f su&f o
dS nf/
rdkufcdkaqmhzf
yDpu
D eG yf sLwmrsm;\ OS aps;
uGufwGif aps;uGufa0pktrsm;qHk;
&,lxm;aom rdu
k cf dak qmhz\
f vHk
jcHKa&;enf;ynm&yftopfjzpfaom
Forefront pmar;yGJrsm;udk Zefe
0g&DvaemufqkH;ywfrS pwifum
jynfwiG ;f ajzqdEk ikd Nf yDjzpfaMumif;
mmknowledge pmar;yGJpifwmrS
Forefront enf;ynmpmar;yGJrsm;
owif;&&Sdonf/
MCTS atmifvufrSwf&&Sd
rnfh Forefront enf;ynmpmar;yGJ
oHk;rsKd;txd&SdvmNyD; aemufqHk;
xGufay:vmaompmar;yGJrSm 70158 TS: Forefront Identity
jzpf
aMumif;? FIM 2010 udk oHk;pGJrnfh
Manager 2010, Configuring
trsdK;rsdK;&dSw,f/t&ifusyf12000
wefu15000?usyf20000wefu
22000?27000wefu30000txd
aps;,lMuw,f/ tpuawmh aps;
wufr,lbJ taqmifcudk t&if
aps;twdkif;xm;NyD; vQyfppfoHk;pGJ
wmudk avQmhcdkif;rvdkU/ 'gayr,fh
taqmifolawG trsm;pku tus
rD;ylwdkufwm? xrif;csufwmawG
eJU tjcm;vdt
k yfwmawGo;kH vufp
qdkawmhavQmhoHk;csifrSmr[kwfbl;
av/ tJ'gaMumifh taqmifcxyf
wd;k vdu
k &f wmyg}} [k 69 vrf;ay:
&dStaqmifydkif&SifwpfOD;u ajym
Mum;ygonf/
e,frSvmaom ausmif;om;
ausmif;oltrsm;pkonf rEav;
wuov
kd t
f eD;&dS taqmifrsm;wGif
taersm;NyD; tcsdKUtaqmifrsm;
wGif ukrPD0efxrf;rsm;? Hk;0ef
xrf;rsm;xm;&dSjcif;r&dSbJ ausmif;
om;? ausmif;oloD;oefUomxm;
&dSaMumif; od&dS&onf/
rEav;owif;tzGJY
jynfwGif;ajzqdkEdkif
Network orm;rsm;taejzift
h xl;
ESpfckrSm
*kjyKajzqdk&onfh pmar;yGJjzpf
aMumif;? pmar;yGJajzqdkcsdef 3;15
em&Day;xm;NyD; tjcm; rdkufcdk
aqmhzpf mar;yGrJ sm;uJo
h Ydk yiftenf;
qH;k 70 &mcdik Ef eI ;f &&S&d efvakd Mumif;
od&onf/
Forefront \tjcm;pmar;yGJ
Application
pmar;yGJESifh 70-557
od&NyD; BudKwifpm&if;oGif;p&mr
vdkbJ aeYcsif;NyD;ajzqdkEdkifaMumif;
od&onf/
37
commodities prices
wpfywftwGi;f
1500
1100
1300
1400
1500
850
1000
1000
800
800
1300
1000
1150
800
1100
1000
1200
600
750
700
800
750
650
650
900
750
1200
600
650
1000
1200
1100
1100
1500
pm;oHk;qDaps;EIef;rsm; (usyf)
EdkifiHwumukefpnfaps;rsm;
EdkifiHwumukefpnfaps;EIef;rsm;
tm&Saps;uGuf qefaps;EIef;
(tar&duefa':vm)
(wpfwef? tar&duefa':vm)
14-1-2012 21-1-2012
xdik ;f
AD,uferf
a&eHpdrf;(wpfpnf)
99 .03
98 .39
100%qefjzL
546
a&T(atmifp)
1639 .06 1666 .55
5%qefusKd;yg
529
485
aiG(atmifp)
29 .52
32 .17
10%qefusKd;yg
475
"mwfaiGY(mmbtu) 2 .64
2 .38
15%qefusKd;yg
"mwfqD(wpf*gvef)
2 .75
2 .79
25%qefusKd;yg
525
455
*sKH(aygif 60 tdwf) 6 .70
6 .67
aygif;qef
529
&efukef&Sd yk*vdupufoHk;qDta&mif;aps;EIef;rsm; (usyf? Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaehaps;rsm;)
qdkiftrnf
ta&twGuf
wpf*gvef
wpf*gvef
wpf*gvef
wpf*gvef
wpf*gvef
wpf*gvef
wpf*gvef
Petro K
ruf(pf)jrefrm
ST Oil
KZH
NEW DAY
2000
jr0wD
"mwfqD
3350
3350
3350
3350
3350
3350
'DZ,f
3487
3500
3500
3550
3550
3500
3500
atmufwdef;
3645
3650
3600
3650
3700
3600
3600
EdkifiHwumaiGaMu;vJvS,frIEIef;rsm;
( t a r &d u ef w pf a ': v m ES ifU nD rQ a o m a ps ; EI ef ; jz pf o nf )
EdkifiHtrnf
aiGtrsKd;tpm;
14-1-2012
21-1-2012
Oa&myor*
,ldk
0 .788
0 .773
NAdwdef
aygif
0 .653
0 .642
MopaMw;vs
a':vm
0 .969
0 .954
uae'g
a':vm
1 .023
1 .013
awmiftmz&du
&ef;
8 .133
7 .936
*syef
,ef;
76 .955
77 .010
,lattD;
Dirham
3 .673
3 .673
wkwf
,Grf
6 .306
6 .333
a[mifaumif
a':vm
7 .765
7 .761
pifumyl
a':vm
1 .293
1 .271
rav;&Sm;
&if;*pf
3 .133
3 .105
tdEd,
lyD;
51 .529
50 .225
xdkif;
bwf
31 .800
31 .500
wkwf(wdkifay)
a':vm
29 .975
29 .950
awmifudk&D;,m;
0rf
1150 .200
1132 .900
zdvpfydkif
Pesos
43 .730
43 .250
k&Sm;
lb,f
31 .848
31 .325
e,l;ZDvef
a':vm
1 .260
1 .241
b*Fvm;a'h&Sf
wmum
82 .000
83 .700
a&Taps;EIef;rsm;(usyf)
15yJ&nf
wpfusyo
f m;
673000
tacguf
wpfusyo
f m;
715000
tom;yQrf;rQaps;EIef;rsm;(usyf)
Muufom;(pDyD)
Muufom;(Arm)
bJom;
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
4000-4500
5000-6500
4500-5000
trJom;
0ufom;(oH;k xyfom;)
0ufom;(aygifom;)
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
4500-5000
4500-5000
6000-7000
wpfusi;f
wpfusi;f
55000
9000
tajccHtdrfaqmufypnf;aps;EIef;rsm;(usyf)
uke;f tkwf
qifwHqdyfbdvyfajr
wpfv;kH
wpftdwf
yJrsKd;pHk
96
5000
FOB
ausmufp&pf
oJMurf;
aps;EIef;rsm;(wpfwef? tar&duefa':vm)
rwfyJ
FAQ
580-600
yJpif;iHk
topfteD
650-670
rwfyJ
SQ
630-650
yJpif;iHk
topfjzLeD
520-540
rwfyJ
tcGHcRwftvHk;
830-860
yJpOf;iHk
topftjzL
520-540
rwfyJ
tcGHygtvHk;
725-750
ukvm;yJjzLvH;k MuD;
tcGHcRwftjcrf;
1015-1040
rwfyJ
tcGHcRwftjcrf;
830-860
ajraxmufyJ
FAQ
730-750
ajryJqDoefh
1 ydm
4000
yJwDpdrf;(tnm)
FAQ
670-690
ajraxmufyJ
tcGHcRwftjcrf;
915-940
ajryJqD(dk;dk;)
1 ydm
3000-3200
yJwDpdrf;(yckuL)
FAQ
690-710
yJaxmywf
tcGHcRwftjcrf;
915-940
yJydpyfqD
1 ydm
3500
yJwDpdrf;
aT0gtao;
720-740
yJaxmywf
FAQ
730-750
ESrf;qD
1ydm
3000
yJwDpdrf;
aT0gtMu;D
770-790
yJvGef;jzL
SQ
880-900
taMumfcHqD
1 ydm
1900
yJwDpdrf;(tcGHygtvHk;ao;jcrf;) tnm
895-920
pm;awmfyJ
tMu;D
1130-1150
38
ausmif;awmfBuD;ta&;udkvnf;
a'ocHrsm;updk;&drfylyefvsuf&Sdyg
onf/ ]]NrdKUrSmvdk aiG&Sdwdkif;ajru
0,fr&bl;As/ pdkufysKd;ajrr&Sdwm
xuf aep&majrr&S&d if yd'k u
k a &muf
awmhr,f}}a'ocH&Gmom;wpfOD;u
wefa&umwmvkyfaqmifcJhaomf
vnf; tusKd;r&SdqHk;IH;chJ&aMumif;
od&onf/
]]uRefawmfwdkY &GmawGqDudk
OD;wdkufaewJh a&vrf;aMumif;udk
ajymif;ay;zdYkvt
kd yfygw,f/ yckuL
jrpfaMumif;aumif;oGm;&if urf;
yg;NydKwmawGoufomr,fvYkd xif
ygw,f}}[k taemufjrif;uRef;
&Gmom;wpfOD;u ajymonf/
yckuLNrdKUteD; jzwfoef;pD;
qif;aomjrpfaMumif;onfwaygif;
wefcl;a&enf;yg;vsuf oJaomif
rsm; tjrJay:xGef;vsuf&SdaMumif;?
xdkoJaomifrsm;aMumifh vufyef
ajcay:bufrS pD;qif;vmaom
{&m0wDjrpfa&rSm rdk;ukef;? odrf;
ukef;? xaemif;ukef;&Gma'orsm;
odYk ESppf OfO;D wdu
k pf ek q
f if;ae aus;
&Gmtrsm;pk'u
k M uHKawGUae&aMumif;
vnf; od&onf/
aeOD;armif(yckuL)
w,f/ pyg;aps;raumif;awmh
tpdk;&udkay;&r,fh acs;aiG?ukrPD
awGudk ay;&r,fhaiGawGtwGuf
tcuftcJ&Sdygw,f}}[k av;rsuf
emNrdKUe,f tkid o
f jyKaus;&Gmtkypf rk S
a'ocHwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/
]]&efukefwpfae&mrSm usyf
12000 aps;&w,fqv
kd YkdomG ;a&mif;
wJhtcg usyf 10800? 10500 yJ
&ygw,f/ 'DEpS rf mS rd;k aMumifh ESpcf g
jyefpdkuf&vdkYtxGuf raumif;&wJh
txJaps;uvnf;r&awmhawmif
olawGawmfawmftcuftcJjzpf
aeygw,f}}[ka'ocHawmifow
l pfO;D
uajymMum;onf/ atmifausmrf sK;d
r,fawmfurf;ezl;&Sd aomif&if;e,fjcm;aps;HkBuD;wGif
e,fpyfwHwm;zGih vf SpfNyD;aemufta&mif;t0,fydkoGufvm
jr0wDwpfzufurf;aomif&if;
jrpftem;owfpnf;wGifzGifhvSpfxm;
onf h r,f a wmf e ,f j cm;aps;H k
BuD;wGifjrefrmhtEkynmvuf&m
yef ; yk r sm;ud k wcrf ; wem;cif ;
usif;a&mif;csvsuf&Sdjcif;aMumifh
jynfwGif;jynfyc&D;oGm;rsm;tm;
qGJaqmifvsuf&SdNyD; 17 vMum
,m,Dydwfxm;cJhonfh e,fpyfwH
wm;jyefvnfziG v
hf pS v
f u
kd Nf yD;aemuf
ta&mif;t0,fyrkd o
kd u
G v
f maMumif;
tqdkygaps;wGifyef;ykqdkifzGifhvSpf
a&mif;csaeolrsm;xHrS od&onf/
xdkif;EdkifiH wmhcdkifcspfMunf
a&;wHwm;xdyf aomif&if;jrpfurf;
ezl;&Sd e,fjcm;aps;HkBuD;wGifpm;
aomufuek yf pn;f rsm;a&mif;csjcif;
r&SdbJ jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI tEkynm
vuf&m yef;ykkyfrsm;? xdkif;,Of
aus;rIyef;ykkyfrsm;? xdkif;EdkifiH
vkyv
f Yl toH;k taqmifrsm;? wkwf
EdkifiHxkwfvloHk;ukefrsm;? vQyfppf
ypn;f rsm;?t0wftxnfrsm;t"du
a&mif;csvsuf&SdaMumif;od&onf/
e,fjcm;aps;HBk uD;wGif jrefrm
tEkynmyef;ykrsm;tjyif,eG ;f xnf
rsm;? a&Tcsnfxdk;aiGcsnfxdk;rsm;?
ausmufprd ;f ?y,if;ESiw
hf ikd ;f &if;om;
rsm;\d;k &m0wfprkH sm;vnf;cif;usi;f
a&mif;csvsu&f adS Mumif; od&onf/
39
wmhcdkiftajcpdkuf udk&D;,m;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;
aejynfawmfwGif tvkyfHkpufHkcGJrsm; zGih fvSpfrnf
tdref ;D csi;f xdik ;f Edik if H wmhcdik f
r,fye,ftwGi;f tajccsvkyu
f ikd f
vsuf&Sdaom udk;&D;,m;EdkifiHom;
pufHktvkyfHkydkif&Sifrsm;taejzifh
wkwfjynfpD;yGm;a&;aps;uGufESifh
ukeo
f ,
G rf v
I ,
G u
f rl nfjh refrmEdik if H
aejynfawmfpufrIZkefwGif pufHk
tvkyf ckH rJG sm;zGiv
hf pS Ef ikd &f eftaqmuf
tOD;ydik ;f rsm;jyifqifvsu&f adS Mumif;
od&onf/
wmhcdkiftwGif;&Sd rJaqmuf?
r,fawmf? r,fye,fwGifpufHk
tvkyfHktajrmuftjrm;&Sd&m udk&D;
,m;vkyfief;&Sifrsm; ydkifqdkifonfh
vQypf pfypn;f udKGirf sm;(t&G,t
f pm;pH)k
xkwfvkyfonfhpufHkwGif jrefrm
tvkyo
f rm; 500 ausmf0ifa&muf
vkyfudkifvsuf&Sdonf/
]]nDrwdkY rMumcifaejynf
awmfrSmoGm;vkyf&r,f/ bmvdkY
vJqdkawmh udk&D;,m;vlrsKd;olaX;
u ajymw,f/ xdkif;rSmvkyfvnf;
jrefrmtvkyform;awGyJtm;udk;
&w,f/ wkwfaps;uGufudkwifydkY
zdkYvG,fulatmif aejynfawmfrSm
pufHkzGifhvSpfzdkYtaqmuftODydkif;
awG j yif a eygNyD / NyD ; &if j ref r m
tvkyform;awGac:r,f/ nDrwdkY
uenf;jytaeeJYoGm;vkyf&r,f/
pufu&d,mawG uwfaMu;utp
*syefjzpfyJoHk;w,f/ xdkif;uwf
aMu;awGqkd 0g,mBudK;jzwfvkd rh &
bl;/ pufud&d,mawGpHkrSqdkawmh
{NyDvavmufjzpfr,fvdkY ajymyg
w,f}}[k r,fye,f&vQyfppf0g
,mBudK;udGKifrsm; xkwfvkyfonfh
pufHkrSjrefrmtrsKd;orD;wpfOD;u
ajymonf/
]]pufHkxJrSm tvkyfcGiftkyf
csKyfolxdkif;trsKd;orD;awGawmif
olaX;&Sdae&if olwdkYpwdkiftwdkif;
twdktjywfr0wf&JMubl;/ jrefrm
awG0wfovdkyJ0wfMuw,f/ 'D
pufHkrSmjrefrm,Ofaus;rIvTrf;yg
w,f}}[kqufvufajymMum;onf/
aomif&if;wpfzufurf; wmh
cdkiftwGif; pufHktvkyfHk&mESifh
cs&D adS eNyD;,if;pufrkH sm;wGif jrefrm
tvkyform;tajrmuftjrm;0if
a&mufvkyfudkifvsuf&SdaMumif;?
EdkifiHjcm;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;taejzifh
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG v
f ma&mufNyD; pufHk
tvkyfHkrsm;zGifhvSpfvdkMuaMumif;
tqdkygpufHkrsm;wGif 0ifa&muf
vkyfudkifaeolrsm;xHrSod&onf/
udka&Todef;(jr0wD)
yJcl;toif;cGJtaejzifh yxr
OD;qk;H tBudrjf yKvkyaf y;cJjh cif;jzpfNyD;
oGm;bufqdkif&m q&m0ef 13 OD;
jzifh vlemOD;a& 150 ausmu
f u
kd o
k
ay;Edik cf ahJ Mumif; od&onf/ xdYk jyif
usef;rma&;todynma[majym
yGJudkyg usif;yEdkifcJhaMumif; od&Sd&
onf/
vl e mrsm;tm; aq;0g;rsm;ES i f h
twlomG ;wdu
k af q;bl;? oGm;wdu
k f
wHrsm;udkyg tcrJhjzefYa0ay;cJh
onf/ tqdkygukrPDtpDtpOf
twGuf vdt
k yfaomaq;0g;ypn;f
rsm;udk yJc;l NrdKU&Sad rwmOD;aq;pwd;k
rS vSL'gef;cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&
onf/
xifay:(yJcl;)
rdvmwGif;xJodkY qmjzL&pf
tufqpfjyif;xnhfjyD; vufpGyf
qif;&SmoloHk;OD;tqdyfaiGUSLrdNyD;
toufqHk;HI;cJhaMumif;od&onf/
jzpfpOfrSm Zefe0g&Dv 16
&ufaeY eHeuf 10 em&DcefUwGif
rGefjynfe,f oHjzLZ&yfNrdKUe,f
usKHu'wfpHjyaus;&Gm jynfawmf
omvrf;ae udkrsKd;jrihf(c)uGef
Avdkif(39)ESpf\ZeD; rcifcifrdk;
onf tdrfomwuf&if;ig;rl;om;
a&TvufpyG w
f pfuiG ;f rdvm usi;f odUk
usoGm;cJh&m vufpGyfjyefvnf&Sm
azG&ef teD;em;aexdkifolrsm;udk
tulnDawmif;cHcJhonf[kod&yg
onf/ udkrsKd;jrihfonfa'owGif;
a&mfbmjcHrsm;wGit
f oH;k jyKMuaom
qmjzL&pftufqpfoHk;ykvif;&Sm
azGumrdvmusif;xJavmif;xnhf
NyD;em&D0ufcefUtMumwGiaf emfuu
kd kd
(c)pdwfwdk(34)ESpf(b)OD;OmPf
od e f ; u yxrqH k ; qif ; oG m ;&m
tcsdeftenf;i,fMumonftxd
rnfonfhtoHrMum; udkrsKd;jrihf
vdkufqif;oGm;NyD; usif;xJvJus
oGm;aMumif;? usif;teD;&dSaeaom
OD;tHk;wif(c)zdk;Mo(52)ESpf(b)
OD;at;armifu tdrf&SiftrsKd;orD;
udktoday;umtultnDay;&ef
vdkufqif;cJhNyD;usif;xJta&muf
vJusNidrfoufoGm;aMumif;? usif;
tem;a&mufaeaom OD;atmifjrwf
u ulnD&efusif;xJodkYqif;aepOf
ywf0ef;usit
f eD;tem;uvltrsm;
0dkif;0ef;qJGwifumowd&ap&efjyK
vkyfNyD; oHjzLZ&yfjrdKUe,faq;Hk
odkYydkYaqmifcJh&mjyefvnfoufom
vmaMumif;od&onf/ usif;xJus
aeol o H k ; OD ; tm;q,f w if E d k i f c J h
aomfvnf;toufq;kH I;H cJNh yD;jzpfpOf
tm;tydkif&Jpcef;u aorIaocif;
(2^2012)jzihftrIzGihfxm;aMumif;
[kod&onf/
armifarmifa&TNrdKif(armfvNrdKif)
rD;avmifrIjzpfyGm;cJUpOf
awG? aq;Hkvdkae&mrsKd;awGrSm
rD;vefYr,fqdk&if rD;cdk;aiGY&wmeJY
aoqHk;EdkifwJhvlemawG&Sdw,f/ 'g
aMumif'h v
D akd e&mawGupkd pfaq;NyD;
vdktyf&ifvdktyfwJhtodynmydkif;
awGjzefYa0oGm;rSmyg}}[k ysOf;rem;
NrdKUe,frD;owfOD;pD;XmerS wm0ef
&SdolwpfOD;u qdkygonf/
rD;ab;tE&m,fMudKwifum
uG,f&eftwGuf apwemh0efxrf;
rD;owfwyfzGJY0ifrsm;udk oifwef;
rsm;ydYkcsjcif;? pmoifausmif;tajc
jyKtodynmjzefYa0jcif;? aq;Hk
rsm;? qDqikd rf sm;? aps;rsm;ESihf puf
rIvufrv
I yk if ef;rsm;vkyu
f ikd o
f nfh
ae&mrsm;wGif &yfuGuftvdkuf
ppfaq;rIrsm;udkaqmif&Gufvsuf
&SdaMumif; od&onf/
]] rD;ab;tE&m,fMudKwif
umuG,fzdkY ppfaq;rIjyKvkyfwJht
cgvkyif ef;wpfcck si;f pDrmS tm;enf;
csuaf wG&w
dS mawGY&w,f/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh tcsKdYvkyfief;awGqdk
"mwfBudK;ud,
k m,Do,
G w
f ef;BudK;
oH;k wmrsm;w,f/ &yfuu
G af wGrmS
qdkd&if rD;csdwf? rD;uwfxm;&Sd&if
awmifrS pHcsdefpHnTef;rrDwmawG
awGY&w,f/rD;owfaq;bl;xm;
&Srd v
I nf;enf;yg;wmawGY&w,f}}
[kif;uqufvuf&iS ;f jycJo
h nf/
NyD;cJo
h nf2h 011 ckEpS w
f pfEpS f
wmumvwGif aejynfawmfysOf;
rem;NrdKUe,frD;avmifuRrf;rI 12
Budrjf zpfymG ;cJu
h m rD;zdrk ;D ESiafh yghq
rD;aMumihf rD;avmifuRr;f rI 75 &m
cdik Ef eI ;f &SNd yD;vQyfppfr;D avmifuRrf;
rIrSm 25 &mcdkifEIef;&SdaMumif;
od&Sd&ygonf/
aejynfawmfowif;tzGJY
vGefpGmenf;yg;rnfjzpfaMumif;?
,cifvufa[mif;qm;rsm;ukdom
wifyYdkMu&rnfjzpfNyD;qm;opfxu
G f
&SdrIrSmt&ifESpfrsm;uxuf avsmh
enf;oGm;EkdifaMumif; pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;u okH;oyfonf/
]]tckrS b*Fvm;a'h&u
fS q
dk m;ykYd
r,fqkdawmh qm;txGufEIef;u
odyfr&Sdawmhbl;/ qm;aps;aumif;
r&wJt
h wGux
f w
k v
f yk o
f al wGvnf;
odyrf &Sad wmhb;l / xkwv
f yk rf pI &dwf
eJYuu
kd rf o
S mjyefa&mif;Ekid Mf urSmuk;d /
qm;aps;uGu[
f mb*Fvm;a'h&EfS idk if H
wpfcw
k nf;ukrd cDS adk e&wmvnf;yg
wmaygh/ k;d ra&SUbufuw
dk ifyYdkwm
uykHrSefr&Sdbl;/ vkdtyfwJhtcsdefrS
wifydkY&wmqkdawmh qm;vkyfief;
awG tcufawGU&w,f/ 'gayr,fh
qm;*kda'gifawGxJrSmawmh rESpfu
qm;awGawmif&Sdao;w,f/ tck
qm;opfay:vmawmh qm;opf
eJYqm;a[mif; ESprf sKd;jzpfvmw,f/
wifykdYEkdifr,f? 0,fvkdtm;awG&Sd
vmwJw
h idk Ef pS zf uftqifajywJah ps;
EIef;jzpfzkdYawmh vkdw,f}}[kqm;
vkyif ef;&Siw
f pfO;D uajymMum;onf/
aps;uGuftwGif; qm;wpf
ydmrSmusyf 100 ausmf&Sdaomf
vnf; qm;Murf;wpfydomrSm 25
usyfcefYaps;&SdaMumif;? ukefusrI
rsm;ukdxnfhaygif;vQif *kda'gif
ta&mufqm;wpfydmaps;rSm
usyf 40 cefYuek u
f saMumif;? vuf&dS
owif;rsm;t& qm;wifyYdkrrI sm;ukd
b*Fvm;a'h&SfrS vufcHrnfqkdjcif;
rS m qm;vk y f i ef ; &S i f r sm;twG u f
aumif;aomtajctaejzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
vdIif(ppfawG)
qD;0,fvufr&Sd tnma'oqD;aps;uGuftajctaeqdk;0g;vsuf&Sd
jynfy0,fvufr&Sd 2011
ckESpftwGif; tnma'oqD;aps;
uGut
f ajctaeqd;k 0g;aeaMumif;?
yck u L a'orS ES p f p Of q D ; &moD
tcsdefwif;aygif; 10 odef;0ef;
usifxGuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/
qD;&moDrSm rwf? {NyD? arv
rsm;jzpfNyD;use&f moDcyfyg;yg;om
&Sad Mumif;?yckuL cdik t
f wGi;f ayguf?
NrdKifa'orsm;rSm qD;xGuftm;
taumif;qk;H jzpfaMumif;od&onf/
]]qD;uMuufoGefvdk r[kwf
bl;/ aps;udkuf&ifckavSmifcka&mif;
vdkY&w,f/ qD;u ukefMurf;uae
ukeaf csmjzpfatmiftedrq
hf ;Hk ajcmuf
vMumrSa&mif;&w,f/aps;aumif;
&vnf;a&mif;vdkYr&bl;/ ukefacsm
&wJhtcsdefaps;uusoGm;a&m}}[k
qD;vkyif ef;&Siw
f pfO;D uajymonf/
2012 ckESpf ESpfqef;ydkif;qD;
aps;uGuftajctaerSm qD;jcrf;
wpfwif;cGJwpftdwfusyf 1000?
tcsOf oD;qD;qHwpfwif;cGJusyf
7800? qD;rIefwpftdwfusyf 500?
qD;tcGw
H pftw
d u
f syf 500? qD;oD;
tajcmufwpfwif;usyf 1500 rS
2000?qdwfpm;qD;usyf 4000 rS
6000 aps;&Sad Mumif;? qD;qHuo
kd m
wkwfESifhudk&D;,m;u 0,f,lMu
aMumif;od&onf/ qD;qHEeI ;f usyf
18000 txd 2010 jynfEh pS af rv
ydkif;uaumif;cJh awmifolESifh
vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;tqifajycJah Mumif;?
jynfwGif;pm;aomufukefvkyfief;
trsm;pkrSmtnma'oqD;csOfjzKef;
tm;enf;NyD;tcsKo
d ;D udv
k nf; ykv?J
rk'kHe,frsm;rSwpfydm usyf 450
EIe;f om&ESppf Ofjynfy0,fvufukd
tm;xm;ae&aMumif; od&onf/
]]qD;vkyif ef;uvuf0ifw,f/
MumMumavSmifxm;&ifvnf;ta&mif
rvSbl;/ teHYuvnf;raumif;wJh
tjyif t&omuvnf; enf;oGm;
w,f/ qD;0,f,lNyD;jcrf;&w,f/
jym&w,f/ trIefYtqHcGJxkwf&
w,f}}[k qD;vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u
ajymonf/ qD;vkyfief; aeYpm;
tvkyform;rsm;om&SdNyD; usyf
2500? 3000 0ef;usifjzpfNyD; jymc
rSmwpfjynfusyf250 jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/ aeOD;armif(yckuL)
40
yJcl;NrdKYESifhoeyfyifNrdKYtMum;
um;vrf;ray:wGif xGefpuf
(axGvm)wpfpD; wdrf;arSmuf
yJc;l NrdKUESio
hf eyfyifNrdKUtMum;
yJcl;-oeyfyif um;vrf;ray:&Sd
rdkifwdkiftrSwf(5^3)ESifh (5^4)
tMum;wGif Zefe0g&Dv 17&ufaeY
n10;30em&DtcsdefcefY xGefpuf
(axGvm)wpfpD; wdrf;arSmufrIjzpf
yGm;cJhNyD;vlwpfOD;aoqkH;cJhaMumif;
od&onf/
c&rf;NrdKUe,fxGuf z&JoD;
tvkH; 600cefYwifaqmifum yJcl;
bufoYkdarmif;ESiv
f mpOf(ZETOR)
trsK;d pm;xGepf ufrmS vuf,mbuf
a&SUbD;jyKwx
f u
G
f vrf;\nmbuf
tjcrf;odkYusNyD; wdrf;arSmufcJhjcif;
jzpfNyD; yJcl;wdkif;a'oBuD; u0NrdKU
e,f uHxl;aus;&Gmae,mOfarmif;
pdefoef;(46)ESpfrSm xGefpufacgif;
wGyJ
d tcif;jzpfae&myifaoqk;H
cJah Mumif;od&onf/ xifay:(yJc;l )
raysmufao;bl;}}[kudk,fwdkifMuHK
&olwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/
tm&Swdkuf awmifydkif;ESifh
ta&SUawmiftm&Sa'o\ pD;yGm;
a&;tcsut
f csmusonfv
h rf;rBuD;
tjzpf AD,uferfEdkifiH'geef;rS vm
taejzihf urf;ajc[kdwnfwGif
wnf;ckEd idk o
f uJo
h Ydkro
d m;pkrsm;tae
jzifv
h nf;xkb
d ef*vkrd sm;wGiw
f nf;ckd
Ekdif&eftwGuf pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
]]'Durf;ajcrSm [dw
k ,f&adS eNyD?
bef*vkrd &Sad o;bl;/'gaMumihf c&D;
oGm;awGtqifajyatmif aqmuf
vkyw
f myg/ cGijhf yKcsu&f wmeJY csuf
csif;zGijhf zpfrmS yg}}[k bef*vkw
d nf
aqmuf o l w pf O D ; u ajymMum;
onf/ om;BuD;jrwf(ppfawG)
weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;&Sd avS0ifavSxGufppfaq;a&;
(Check Point)wGif e-u-orxm;&SdawmhaMumif;od&
eDvmAk'*,mbk&m;zl;tzGJY uHprf;rJzGifUyGJ
a':at;at;armf(tkyfcsKyfrI'gdkufwm?
eDvmtjynfjynfqkdif&mc&D;oGm;vkyfief;)
eDvmtjynfjynfqdkif&mc&D;
oGm;vkyfief;\ tkyfcsKyfrI 'gdkuf
wm a':at;at;armf\ arG;aeYyGJ
OD;atmifaX;('gdkufwm?
eDvmtjynfjynfqkdif&mc&D;oGm;vkyfief;)
ESifh eDvmAk'*,mbk&m;zl;tzGJU\
tzGJUtrSwfpOf (45-46^20112012)\ uHprf;rJzGifhyGJudk Zefe
udkausmfudkudk0if; (Marketing
Manager, BRAND)
\Chinese
udk Zefe0g&Dv
18 &ufaeYu &efuek Nf rdKU vomNrdKU
Myanmar Beer
(jrefrmbl0g&DvDrdwuf)
OD;jrifUaZmf
(jrefrmbl0g&DvDrdwuf)
oifwef;ausmif;rsm;odkY ay;tyfyGJtcrf;tem;
OD;pdkif;&D
(President, Focus
ay;tyfyGJtcrf;tem;udk Zefe0g
&Dv 19 &ufaeYuNAdwo
d QaumifpD
oifwef;ausmif;wpfcktwGuf jy|mef;pmtkyfay;tyfpOf
wGifusif;ycJh&m NAdwdoQaumifpDrS rsm;rS wm0ef&Sdolrsm; wufa&muf
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;? oifwef;ausmif; cJYaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
Akdvfuav;wifUatmif
rEav;odef;aZmf
ESif;&Doefh
rEav;odef;aZmf\ tZ#m
2012 atmifjcif;&Spyf g;ESihf rD',
D m
wkdYawGYqkHyGJtcrf;tem;ukd Zefe0g
jrefrmoDcsif;tqkdawmfrsm;u Ak'
*kPaf wmfuadk &;zGUJ xm;aomoDcsi;f
rsm;ukd oDqkdcJhMuonf/
OD;jraomif;(refae*sif;'gkdufwm)
Mon Shine International
Trading ukrP
rD S Dealer BuD;rsm;
tm; aus;Zl;wkHYjyefonfhtaejzifh
[def;a0,H
csrf;csrf;
uHprf;rJazmufyGJESifh npmpm;yGJt
crf;tem;ukd Zefe0g&Dv 19 &uf
aeYu Chatrium Hotel wGif usif;
a':oif;oif;
(MD,Focus
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;udk awGY&pOf
u Sedona Hotel wGifusif;ycJh&m
COTTO aqmufvkyfa&;vkyf
st
ief;okH;ypnf;rsm;\ 1 Anniver- wm0ef&o
dS rl sm;ESizhf w
d Mf um;xm;ol
sary of Pride and Thank You
rsm;wufa&mufcJhaMumif; od&Sd&
Party udk Zefe0g&Dv 16 &ufaeY
onf/
Page 42
kyf&SifESifhAD'D,dkZmwfum;rsm;tm; qifqmppfaq;&ef
wifjy&m xkwfvkyfol? 'gdkufwm? okyfaqmifwdkh\
oabmwlnDcsufjzifh wifjy&ef aMunmcsufxkwfjyef
ky&f iS Ef iS Ahf 'D ,
D Zkd mwfum;rsm;
tm; qifqmjyoppfaq;&efwif
jy&m xkwfvkyfol? 'gdkufwm?
okyfaqmifwdkY\ oabmwlnD
csufvufrSwftppfjzifh wifjy&ef
aMunmcsuftopftm; xkwfjyef
cJhonf[k owif;&&dSonf/ tqdk
ygxkwjf yefaMunmcsuu
f kd Zefe0g
&DvyxrywftNy;D wGix
f w
k jf yefaMu
nmcJjh cif;jzpfNyD;*D&rd ek w
f ikd ;f &efyakH iG
tjzpfujycJhonfh ]bmjzpfvdkYvJ}
jyZmwfwdktm; AD'D,dkZmwfum;
toGifjzifh aps;uGuftwGif;jzefYcsd
cJhNyD;aemufydkif; 'gdkufwm?okyf
aqmiftrnfwyfc&H onft
h Ekynm
&Sifrsm;uwdkifMum;jcif;jzpfay:NyD;
aemuf ,ckaMunmcsuftm;xkwf
jyefcJhjcif;jzpfonf[k od&dS&onf/
]]k y f & S i f a vmuom;wpf
a,muftaeeJY qdk&ifawmh 'Dpnf;
urf;csufu jrefrmkyf&SifeJYAD'D,dk
Zmwfum;awGxw
k v
f yk jf zefYcs&d mrSm
aESmifhaES;MuefYMumrIawGomydkrsm;
vmEdkifw,fvdkY qdk&rSmyg/ jy
emwpf&yfjzpfvmw,fqdk&if
tJ'Djyem&JU tajccHtaMumif;
&if;udk t&ifr&SmbJ rwif;usyf
oif h w mawG x yf N yD ; wif ; usyf
AD',
D Zkd mwfum;rsm;tm;e,f
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xHrS 0,f,lrI
EIe;f rSmxuf0ufcefYusqif;oGm;Ny;D
tcsKUd aome,frsm;wGit
f 0,fv;kH 0
&yfqikd ;f oGm;onftxdMuKH awGY&Ny;D
aemuf,cktcgxkwv
f yk af &;rsm;
rSowfrSwfa&mif;csonfh aps;EIef;
r[kwb
f J e,fu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;rS
owfrSwf0,f,lvdkonfhaps;EIef;
jzifhom a&mif;cs&jcif;rsm;yg&dSvm
onf[k owif;&&dSonf/
,if;odkYAD'D,dkZmwfum;rsm;
0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;?&Srf;jynfe,f?
rGefjynfe,f? ppfudkif;wdkif;a'o
BuD;? ucsifjynfe,fponfah 'o
rsm;wGif ydkrdkodompGmusqif;cJh
jcif;jzpfonf/
]]e,faps;uGufutodom
qHk;yJ/ t&if,laeusxuf xuf
0ufavmufuakd vQmch sNyD;,lw,f/
rif;om;qdv
k nf;xdyw
f ef;ig;a,muf
avmufudk t&ifurnnf;rnL
0,fayr,ft
h ckawmht'J rD if;om;
ig;a,mufavmufuakd wmift&if
aps;xuf xuf0ufavQmNh yD;0,f
r,f/ a&mif;&ifa&mif;?ra&mif;&if
r0,fawmhbl;qdkwmawGMuHK&yg
w,f/t"dujyemue,fawG
rSm sky net wdkY 5 movie wdkYrSm
jyorQ AD'D,dkZmwfum;awGyJ
MunfhMuw,f/ tacGimS ;MunfMh u
wmt&rf;udkenf;oGm;NyD; cdk;ul;
awGuvnf;e,frmS us,u
f s,jf yefY
jyefYuv
kd yk af eMuw,f}}[kxw
k v
f yk f
olwpfOD;u &Sif;jycJhygonf/
]vufyH} Zmwfum;rsm;jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/ jrefrmhkyf&Sifvkyfief;rS
ESpftvkduf qifqmcGifhjyKcJhonfh
jrefrmkyf&Sifum;rsm;rSm 2009
ckEpS w
f iG f 27 um;&SNd yD; 2010 jynfh
ESpfwGif 16 um;om&SdcJhonf/
dkufwJhol ydkrsm;vmw,fvdkYxif
ygw,f / Zmwf v rf ; wd k a wG u
jrefrmy&dowf vufcHNyD;om;yg/
qufrvkyMf uvdYk om aps;uGurf edS f
aewmrsKd;yg/ 'gaMumifh rSwfwrf;
um;eJY Zmwfvrf;wdkawGdkufwJhol
ydkrsm;vmovdk tJ'gawGu aps;
uGuw
f pfcv
k nf;jzpfvmzdYk tvm;
tvm&Sad eygw,f}} [k 'gdu
k w
f m
armifrsKd;rif;uqdkygonf/
/
onf;xdyf&ifzdkZmwfum;rsm; dkuful;&efjyifqifrIrsm;&Sdae
onf;xdwf&ifzdkZmwfum;
rsm;twGuf xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;
tcsKdUESihf 'gdu
k w
f mtcsKdUjyifqifrI
rsm;jyKvkyfvmMuaMumif; od&
onf/
]]tckavmavmq,fawmh pD
pOfxm;NyD;om; Zmwfum;awGyJ
dkufaew,f/ 'gayr,fh aemuf
dkufr,fhZmwfum;udkawmh onf;
xdwf&ifzdkZmwfum;dkufzdkY pDpOf
xm;w,f}}[k 'gdu
k w
f m 0if;xGe;f
xGef;u qdkygonf/
vuf&SdtEkynm&yf0ef;wGif
pOf;pm;cJh&wm/ wcsKdUZmwfawG
qd&k ifaumif;ayr,fh onf;xdw&f if
zdkZmwfvrf;yHkpHrsKd;jzpfaevdkY rdkuf
&wmawG&Sdw,f/ tckawmh tJ'D
Zmwfum;awGu
kd zf Ykdux
kd w
k v
f yk o
f l
awGua&m'gdu
k w
f mawGuygydNk yD;
pDpOfvmMuw,f/ aemufNyD; t&if
cGijhf yKw,fqw
kd ek ;f u du
k cf NhJ yD; cGihf
rjyKawmhwt
hJ wGuyf w
d cf v
H u
kd &f wJh
Zmwfum;awGudkvnf; jyefNyD;cGifh
jyKay;zkdY arQmfvifhaeMuw,f}}[k
kyf&SifESifh AD'D,dkxkwfvkyfa&;
vkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u qdkygonf/
Page 43
jrefrmUEdkifiHa&;ordkif;
OD;av;armif
1824 ckESpf? t*Fvdyf-jrefrm
yxrppfyu
JG mvrS 1943-44 ckEpS f
*syefrsm; jrefrmjynfwGif tkyfpdk;
aom tcsdefumvtxd jzpfay:
cJUaom ordkif;wifoifUonfU tjzpf
tysuf r sm;ud k aocsmusepG m
azmfjyxm;aom ]jrefrmUEdkifiHa&;}
ordkif;pmtkyfjzpfonf/
ArmhacwfaehpOfowif;pmwGif
1956ck? ZGev
f 16 &ufrS pufwif
bm29 &uftxdaqmif;yg;&Snt
f jzpf
&uf j cm;azmf j ycJ U N yD ; tqd k y g
aqmif;yg;rsm;udk pkaygif; xyfrH
jyifqifa&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
pma&;olu]EdkifiHa&;e,fy,f
wGif ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm vkyu
f ikd af qmif
&GufcJUaom tawGYtMuHKESifU EdkifiH
a&;vIy&f mS ;rI tjzpftysurf sm;onf
aemifvmaemufom;wdkh odoifUod
xdkufaom ArmUEdkifiHa&;ordkif; t
csut
f vufrsm;jzpfayonf/ xdak wGY
MuHKod&SdcJUaom jzpf&yftrSefrsm;udk
a&;om;yg[k rdwfo*F[rsm;uyif
wdu
k w
f eG ;f ygonf/ordik ;f jzpfpOftrSef
udak 0zefo;kH oyf taMumif;tusK;d
trSm;trSeu
f kd tem*wfEikd if t
H usK;d
twGuf wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf}[k
qdkygonf/
tvHeDawmfvSefa&;\ ordkif;wauGY
awmfvSefa&;twGuf &ifaoG;i,frsm;ay;tyfjcif;
a&;om;ol - 0rf;tdk0rf; ausmf0if;armif
wpfckjzpfvmygw,f/
tpdk;&xdk;ppfawG pdyfvmwm
aMumifU ygwDwGif;rSm om;orD;awG
ESiq
Uf &kd if vIy&f mS ;vdrhk vG,yf g/ om;
i,forD;i,fawGq&kd if xde;f vdo
hk rd ;f
vdkh rvG,fyg/ uav;awG&JY idkoH
&,foH[m tpdk;&wyfrsm;udk yifU
zdwaf c:ovdv
k nf; jzpfEikd w
f ,f/ 'g
aMumifU tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwDwGif;
rSm om;orD;arG;&if rdr&d ifaoG;i,f
rsm;udk &GmawGqDoGm;tyfMuygvdkh
ygwXD mecsKyu
f nTeMf um;w,f/ 'Dvkd
tyf&awmh eDe&D &J J EkEek ,fe,f cspf
vdkh erf;vdkhrS tm;r&Edkif? uav;
i,fuvnf; rdcif&EYJ &hkd nfu0kd atmif
awmif raomuf&cif rdcif&ifcGif
rS pGechf mG cJ&U wJU aMuuG0J rf;enf;zG,f
&m twdjzpf&rSmyg}[k pmtkyfyg
tjzpftysufrsm;ESifUywfoufNyD;
ed'gef;wGif qdkxm;onf/
ppf
a&;om;ol - vif;a0NrKdif
Mikhail Sholokov \ The
Fate of a Man udk q&mvif;a0NrKi
df
u]ppf}trnfjzifU bmomjyefqdk
xm;jcif;jzpfNyD; 'kwd,tBudrfjyef
vnfxGuf&Sdjcif;jzpfygonf/
Edkb,fvfqk&pma&;q&mBuD;
rpfac;Iv
d akd umUA\
f 0wKvwfwpf
yk'jf zpfaom The Fate of a Man rSm
ppf\ted|mHkrsm;udk yDjyifpGma&;zGJY
xm;jcif;f jzpfNy;D ky&f iS t
f jzpfu
kd u
f ;l
cJ&U mwGif tjynfjynfqikd &f m ky&f iS f
qk csD;jrifUjcif;cHcJU&onf/
yxrqH;k aom bmomjyefpmrl
tjzpf rd;k a0r*Zif;wGiaf zmfjycJzU ;l Ny;D
tmHkaumif;uifrS pmtkyftjzpf
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf - 5014051111 wefzdk; - 1000 usyf?
xkwaf 0cJNU y;D jzpfonf/ ,ck 'kwt
d
jzefhcsda&; - Quality Publishing House
Burd t
f jzpfxw
k af 0&mwGiv
f il ,frsm;
twGuf&nf&G,fNyD; tvG,fwul Mum;vSaom 0wKwpfyk'fjzpfovdk
o,faqmifoGm;EdkifonfU Pocket uG,v
f eG o
f q
l &mvif;a0NrKid \
f bm
Size t&G,fjzifUxkwfa0xm;jcif;
omjyefvuf&mudkvnf; jyefvnf
jzpfonf/
zwfIcGifU&&SdaprnfUpmtkyfwpftkyf
Edik if w
H umwGif xif&mS ;ausmf jzpfygonf/
jrefrmjynfatmufyidk ;f ESit
Uf xufjrefrmjynfyk &f iS f rkH sm;wGif xuf0ufausmcf efrh mS ky&f iS jf yorIr&db
S J
ydwfodrf;&yfem;xm; &efukef? rEav;kyf&SifHkrsm;\0ifaiGudkom t"dutm;xm;ae&
atmufjrefrmjynfESifh t
xufjrefrmjynfkyf&SifHkrsm;wGif
xuf0ufausmcf efYrmS ky&f iS jf yorIr
&db
S yJ w
d o
f rd ;f &yfem;xm;ky&f iS f
Zmwfum;rsm;\0ifaiGrmS &efuek ?f
rEav;kyf&SifHkrsm;\ 0ifaiGudk
om t"dutm;xm;ae&onfh
tajctaeESihf MuHKawGUae&onf
[k owif;&&dSonf/
]]kyf&SifZmwfum;awG Hk
wifjyor,fqdk&if tckcsdefrSm
0ifaiGt& tm;udk;EdkifwJhHkt&rf;
enf;oGm;ygNyD/ &efuek ?f rEav;
u t"duHkawG&JU0ifaiGudkyJ rSDcdk
&yfwnfae&wJt
h wdik ;f twmyg/
e,frmS &daS ewJh ky&f iS f akH wG&UJ wpf
0ufausmfu jyorIr&dSbJ ydwf
odrf;xm;MuygNyD/ wcsKdUjyo
r,fqdkNyD; ,lxm;wJhHkawGu
vnf;ky&f iS u
f w
kd pfywfavmufyJ
dkuful;rI ukefusp&dwfrSmtenf;
qHk;usyfodef;wpfaxmif0ef;usif
cefY ukefusrI&dSNyD; pwifdkuful;
csdefrS ESpfESpfcefYMumjrifhNyD;rSom
HkwifjyocGifh&&dSEdkifaMumif;? Hk
wifjyo&mwGifvnf; &efukef?
rEav; kyf&SifHkrsm;&dS t"du
0ifaiGudkom tm;xm;&aMumif;?
wpfywftwGif;kHwifrnfU &efukefkyf&Sif
wpfywftwGif;xGuf&SdrnfU jrefrmAD'D,dkZmwfum;rsm;
23-1-2012 tcspf+tcspf topf(y+Zmwfodrf;) udkaZmf(tkPfOD;)
(aewdk;? oufrGefjrifU)
/
pdeaf c:wv
UJ l wd&hk efol
oD[wifp;kd
(oD[wifpdk;? ausmfaZm[def;? vStvDwifU)
/
zefqif;&SiftNidrfU
yDtdkufvHk
(cefhpnfol? rdk;jynfUjynfUarmif? eef;pk&wDpdk;? ukodkvf?
uif;aumif? tdkif;)
24-1-2012 trkef;0uFyg
oefhpifatmif
(cefhpnfol? aruAsm? bkef;oQH? c&pwD;em;)
/
opmNydKif&Sif;wrf;
ZALxGef;oufvGif
([def;a0,H? oifZm0ifUausmf? aroef;Ek? eef;a'0D)
/
,kefxifaMumifxif
eEausmf
(rif;OD;? rif;tkyfpdk;? ae&Jvif;? cifZmjcnfausmf)
25-1-2012 tmzsHuGD;
armifatmif lyaA'(Aef;BuD;)
(vlrif;? aumif;cefh? 0dkif;pkcdkifoef;? od*xGef;? yGifU)
/
ykvJeuf0uFyg (*Ref*dk? pHy,frdk;)
xufydkif
/
oHCmawmfESifUrdciftm;jypfrSm;
ciffEGJY EJGY rl
rdk;BudK;ypfcH&aomarmifESr (oD[Edkif? pHy,frdk;? arrdk;)
25-1-2012 vrif;aESmifwJUBudK;
aeydkif
(pl;&S? aroufcdkif? aroOmOD;? iSufaysmaMumf)
26-1-2012 *sufr
oD[ausmfpdk;
(aerif;? at;jrwfol? Edkb,fausmfausmf)
/
rdbjypfrSm;rdajrNrdKcH&aomr&ifa&T r[m(M.Sc)
(pdk;a&T? jrifUjrifUcif? tmumjrifUatmif)
27-1-2012 tcspf\'kwd,ajrmufaemufxyftpDtpOf aeydkif
(atmif&Jvif;? pdk;jrwfeEm? acsm&wem)
/
r&PwHqdyfeJh vl
oD[rif;nD
(rif;opm? ausmfaZm[def;? ykvJ0if;? &Sufw,f? OMo)
28-1-2012 zswfceJ . . tNid
aeol&def
(rdk;atmif&if? 0wfrIHa&T&nf)
/
a&Tnmom;eJh &efukefol
"gwfyHktPfaxmfPD
(ausmfausmfAdk? cefhxufEdkif? csrf;rDrDudk? od*xGef;)
/
cifOD;ESifU om;
ausmfZ
(pGr;f ? jrwfauoDatmif? aroufcikd ?f yGi&Uf wemausm)f
/
qHkEdkifcGifU
pdk;ausmfqef;
(vif;rif;jrwf? at;jrwfol? cifrdkhrdkhat;)
Zefe0g&Dvxkwf pmtkyfrsm;
tZJ
Krystal
vlpHk
aeae
atoifcsKdaqG
pD'D
AGDpD'D
'DAD'D
pD'D
pD'D
wdkhrS
jyornfh Zmwfvrf;wJGrsm;
MRTV? MWD
tjrif
igU&JYtvif;av;
Mu,fpifrsm;&JYqHkrSwf
ql;pl;ol
teD;qHk;vl--erf;rSmvm;
,ckaemufydkif;wGif ,SOfNydKif
MunfhIp&mrD'D,m tcef;u@
us,fjyefYvmonfhenf;wl kyf
&Sifrsm;tay:wGif y&dowfpdwf
0ifpm;rI odompGmavsmhusvm
jcif;ponfhtcsufrsm; jzpfvm
aMumif; od&ygonf/
/
pDtdkifatarTaeaom EdkifiHrsm;
wuodkvfjrwfol 3800
,kefESpfrSm ,kefom;pm;jcif;
vlxkpdef0if;
500
b0wGif xJxJ0if0ifyg0ifvIyf&Sm;jcif; jrESif;qD
2000
tjcm;olrsm;udkpDrHcefhcGJenf; a'gufwm Pf[def;vwf 2000
vQKdY0Sufcsufrsm;
1/ pdwful;eJhMurm
MRTV
wevFm? t*Fg
7;00 /
2/ arG;pm;om;
wevmF? t*Fg
9;30 /
3/ tcspfeJh trkef;
Mumoyaw;? aomMum 7;00 /
4/ a&olrav;cspfyHkjyif
Mumoyaw;? aomMum 9;30 /
5/ tcspfcsKdcsKdtMuifemydk
pae? we*FaEG
7;00 /
6/ Mu,fyGifUav;&JY 'dkif,m&D
pae? we*FaEG
9;30 /
1/ iSufuav;&JYaumif;uif MWD
wevFm? t*Fg? we*FaEG 7;00 /
2/ tcspfBuD;cspf
wevmF? pae? we*FaEG 9;30 /
3/ opmapwref
Ak'[l;? Mumoyaw; 7;00 /
4/ iSufuav;\uGef;cdk&m
t*Fg? Ak'[l;
9;30 /
5/ cspfcGef;zGJYoDcspfolqD
aomMum? pae
7;00 /
6/ wpfaehaomtcg
Mumoyaw;? aomMum 9;30 /
/&efukef
trSw(f 22)? awmifjrif;NyKd iuf iG ;f vrf;? wmarGBu;D
(c)&yfuGuf? wmarGNrdKYe,f? &efukefNrdKY
zkef; 400528? 400524? 401411
/rEav;(Hk;cGJ)
trSwf 4^3? jrpEmvrf;oG,?f (62_63) vrf;
Mum;? (24_25) vrf;Mum; atmifajrompHNrKd Ye,f?
rEav;NrdKY/ zkef; 02-61172
/aejynfawmfysOf;rem;(Hk;cGJ)
trSwf 11^54? Advk af wmufxed vf rf;? &efatmif(1)
&yfuuG ?f aejynfawmfysO;f rem;NrKd Y zke;f 067-22822
OD;&nfped f\ vufa&G;pifpmwrf;rsm;
OD;aomfaumif; pkpnf;onf/
xGef;azmifa';&Sif;
trSwf(53^61)? odrfjzLvrf;?
AdkvfwaxmifNrdKYe,f/
zkef; 01-296325? 0973104487
Page 44
DJ oifwef;odkh
trsKd;orD;rsm;vnf;
wufa&mufoif,lvm
DJoifwef;odYk trsK;d orD;rsm;
vnf; wufa&mufoif,lrI&Sdvm
aMumif; DJ todkif;t0dkif;rS pHkprf;
od&Sd&ygonf/ DJ oifwef;rsm;
pwifcsed u
f trsK;d om;rsm;omwuf
a&mufrrI sm;jym;cJNh yD;,cktcsed w
f iG f
trsKd;orD;rsm;vnf;wufa&muf
vmjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
]]DJ oifwef;u uRefawmf
wdYkqrD mS enf;ygw,f/ tckziG ahf ewJh
DJ oifwef;rSm rdef;uav;awG
vnf; vmwufMuw,f/ tck
aemufydkif;u DJ qdkayr,fhoDcsif;
wD;ay;&wmydrk sm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
oDcsif;wD;wmudkyg oifay;w,f/
DJ udkpdwf0ifpm;wJh rdef;uav;
awGtwGuf ydkNyD;tqifajyoGm;
w,f}}[k oifwef;q&mwpfO;D jzpf
onfh DJ 0dkifu &Sif;jycJhygonf/
owfawmfawmfNiD;aiGUoGm;ygNyD/
'gaMumifhvnf; oBuFefum;awG
ay:pdwyf g0ifpm;rIt&rf;avsmo
h mG ;
w,fvdkYqdk&rSmyg}} [k0g&ifhAD'D,dk
xkwv
f yk o
f w
l pfO;D u&Si;f jycJo
h nf/
xdkYtjyif y&dowfwpfOD;u
vnf ; ]][d k t &if w k e f ; uawmh
Zefe0g&DaemufqkH;ywfwGifusif;yrnf
Metal Music Band
yg0ifazsmfajzMurnfh
rsm;om
Myanmar
azsmfajzyGJ
udk 2012ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 27&uf
aeYwGif &efukefNrdKU uefawmfBuD;
arQmfpifuRef;wGif usif;yjyKvkyf
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&&dS ygonf/
]] EdkifiHwumrSmawmh Metal
Music u tcdkiftrmjzpfwnfae
NyD/ jrefrmEdik if rH mS awmh ae&mwpfck
tcdkiftrmr&Sdao;bl;/ xkwfvkyf
olawGu,
kd w
f ikd u
f vnf; 'D*w
D udk
odyfNyD;vufrcHMuao;bl;/ 'D
awmh uRefawmfwdkY Metal Music
Underground Concert
BandawGtaeeJY
y&dowf&adS yr,fh
Underground taeeJYyJ &SdaeMu
ao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmf
wdkY Metal Music Band awGoD;
oefYazsmfajzr,fh 'DyGJudk Myanmar
Underground Concert vd k Y yJ
trnfwyfvdkufwmyg}}[k yGJpDpOf
ol w pf O D ; jzpf o nf h Nightmare
Band rS udkatmifrsKd;vif;u yGJ
usif;y&jcif;ESifh ywfouf ajym
Mum;cJ h y gonf / tqd k y gyG J w G i f
Metal Music Band pkpkaygif; 12
zGJUESifhtxufazsmfajzMurnfjzpf
aMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
]nDnw
G jf cif;ESi;f qD} azsmaf jzyJG
pifumylEdkifiHwGif wifqufrnf
'gdkufwmarmifrsKd;rif; (&if
wGif;jzpf)pDpOfonfh ]nDnGwfjcif;
ESi;f qD}azsmfajzyJt
G m; pifumylEikd if H
wGif {NyDv 1 &ufaeY Kallang
Theater (Stadium MRT) jyKvkyf
oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; vufrSwfrsm;udk
yifeplvmyvmZmwGipf wifa&mif;
csvsuf&o
Sd nf[o
k wif;&&do
S nf/
]]OD;rsKd;wdYk Eikd if &H UJ aumif;aom
ajymif;vJjcif;awGu pNyD;jrifawGU
ae&ygNyD/ aumif;aomajymif;vJ
jcif;awGut
kd m;vH;k 0dik ;f 0ef;azmfaqmif
zdkYvdkygw,f/ tm;vHk;nDnGwfzdkY
vdkygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ESif;qDtzJGU
taeeJY nDnGwfjcif;ESif;qDtjzpf
jyefvnfujyygr,f/ 'DyJGu 2012
ckESpftwGuf yxrqHk;jynfyazsmf
ajzyJGvnf;jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ OD;rsKd;
wdkY wjcm;EdkifiHawGuvnf; ujy
ay;zkdY urf;vSrf;xm;wmawG&dSyg
w,ff}}[k 'gdkufwmarmifrsKd;rif;
(&ifwGif;jzpf)u &Sif;jycJhonf/
]nDnw
G jf cif;ESi;f qD}azsmfajzyJG
wGif vl&Tifawmfrsm;tjzpf aewdk;?
ausmfausmfAdk? rdk;rdk;? xGef;xGef;?
&Jav;? rif;orD; zl;pHk? aruAsm?
rdk;,kpH? rif;om;wifarmifqef;
rif;0if;wdkYu yg0ifujyoGm;rnf
jzpfNyD; {nfhonftqdkawmftjzpf
oef;jrwfpdk;? zdk;aomMum? cifnGefY
&nfwYykd g0ifazsmaf jzrnf[o
k &d onf/
tqkdygazsmfajzyJGtm; {NyDv 1
&ufaeY rGef;vJG 2em&DcJGwGif pwif
jyKvkyfoGm;rnf[k od&dS&onf/
a*smU&Sfvl;uyfpf
tem;,lawmUrnfU
owif;rsm;xGuaf y:
tar&duefkyf&Sife,fy,f
tatmifjrifq;kH 'gdu
k w
f mESix
hf w
k f
vkyfoljzpfcJhaom a*smh&Sfvl;uyfpf
tem;,lawmhrnfo
h wif;rsm;xGuf
ay:cJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
tqdkyg owif;rsm;onf e
,l;a,mufwdkif;rf owif;pmwGif
azmfjycJhaom vl;uyfpf\ ajymp
um;rsm;tay:tajccHNyD; xGuf
ay:vmcJ h j cif ; jzpf o nf / e,l ;
a,mufwikd ;f rfowif;pmwGif azmf
jycJah omaqmif;yg;wGiv
f ;l uyfpu
f
vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf a0;&modYk oGm;csif
jyDjzpfaMumif; ajymqdkcJhjcif;jzpfyg
onf/
]]uRefawmf tem;,lcsifae
NyD/ 'Dvyk if ef;awGeYJ a0;&mudk xGuf
oGm;csifaeNyD/ 'Durk P
t
D ygt0if
qufpyfaeorQ t&mtm;vHk;&JU
ta0;udk oGm;csifaeygNyD}}[k vl;
uyfpu
f e,l;a,mufwikd ;f rfraS zmf
jycJhaom aqmif;yg;wGif ajymqdk
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
xdkodkYajymqdkvmcJhonfh t
wGuf vl;uyfpftaejzifh trSefw
u,ftem;,lawmhrnfvm;[lonfh
ar;cGef;rsm;yg xGufay:vmcJhyg
onf/ Star Wars ESifh Indiana
Jones uJhodkYaom 0ifaiGpHcsdefcsKd;
Zmwfum;rsm;udk zefwD;wifquf
cJhonfh a*smhvl;uyfpfonf t
ouf 67 ESpft&G,f&SdNyDjzpfNyD;
2011 ckESpfu 0ifaiGtar&duef
a':vmoH;k bDv,
D aH usm&f &Scd o
hJ nf/
Pg-45
2012ckESpf uef;pfkyf&SifyGJawmf\ *sL&DOu|ae&mtwGuf tDwvD'gdkufwmtm; a&G;cs,f
2012 ckESpf uef;pfkyf&SifyGJawmf\ *sL&DtzGJUudkOD;aqmifrnfholtjzpf tDwvDkyf&SifokyfaqmifESifh 'g
dkufwm eefeDarmf&oDudk a&G;cs,fcJhaMumif; qka&G;cs,fa&;tzGJUrS Zefe0g&Dv 20 &ufaeYwGif owif;xkwfjyef
aMunmcJhonf/ touf 58 ESpft&G,f&Sd 'gdkufwm eefeDarmf&oDonf urmhkyf&Sifpifjrifhxuf xif&Sm;cJh
olwpfOD;jzpfygonf/ olYtaejzifh 1994 ckESpfujyocJhaom Caro Diario (Dear Diary) Zmwfum;ESifh 2001
ckESpfu jyocJhaom La Stanza del figlio (The Son's Room) Zmwfum;rsm;jzifh uef;pfkyf&SifyGJawmfrSay;
tyfonfh xl;cReq
f rk sm;udk &&Scd zhJ ;l oljzpfonf/ xdYktjyiftw
D vDEikd if \
H Edik if aH &;pepfuakd 0zefcahJ om Il Caimano"
(The Caiman) Zmwfum;jzifhvnf; emrnfausmfcJholjzpfonf/
bmompum;ajym taumif;qHk;
Zmwfum;qkudk 'def;rwfZmwfum;
jzpfonfh In a Better World Zmwf
um;u &&SdcJhonf/
(84)Mudrfajrmuf atmfpum
qkay;yGt
J m; azazmf0g&Dv 26 &uf
aeYwGifusif;yrnfjzpfjyD; qktoD;
oD;twGuf aemufqHk;qefcgwif
pm&if;udk Zefe0g&Dv 24 &ufaeY
wGif xkwfjyefaMunmrnfjzpfyg
onf/ qefcgwifpm&if;rsm;tm;
urmvH;k ky&f iS x
f ;l cReq
f t
k ygt0if
tjcm;aom qkrsm;pGmudk qGwfcl;
&&SdcJhygonf/
jyifopf Zmwfum;jzpfaom
The Artist Zmwfum;onf jAdwdef
ky&f iS x
f ;l cReq
f t
k wGuf qefcgwif
12qk pm&if;0ifcJhNyD; qktrsm;qHk;
pm&if;0ifcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ pydkif
Zmwfum;jzpfaom Tinker Tailor
Soldier Spy Zmwfum;rSm qefcg
wif 11qk pm&if;0ifcJhjyD; 'kwd,
ajrmuf qefcgwiftrsm;qHk;tae
jzifh pm&if;yg0ifcJhonf/
rmwifpaumhaq;aq;\tHh
MozG,fzefwD;rIjzpfcJhonfh Hugo
Zmwfum;ESifh rufa'gem;\ My
Week with Marilyn Zmwfum;rSm
qkajcmufqkqefcgwifpm&if;0if
cJhygonf/ pwDAifpyD;bwfdkuf
ul;cJhaom War Horse ESifh The
Help Zmwfum;wkdYvnf; qkig;qk
twGu fqefcgwif0ifcJhonf/
Billboard \
ta&mif;&qHk;
aw;t,fvfbrfrsm;pm&if; jAd
wdef tqdkawmf t'Jvf\ t,fvf
brfopfrmS &ufowywf 16 ywf
qufwdkuf ta&mif;&qHk;t,fvf
brftjzpf &yfwnfEdkifcJhaMumif;
od&Sd&ygonf/
t'Jvf\ t,fvfbrfopf
jzpfaom 21 t,fvfbrf yg
0ifcJhaomacgif;pD;oDcsif; 21 onf
t,fvfbrfxGuf&SdcJhjyD; &ufow
ywf 33 ywftwGif; tBudrfwpf
odef;ESifhtxuf a&mif;cscJh&yg
onf/ xdkodkYa&mif;csEdkifcJh&rIonf
1997 ckESpfu xGuf&SdcJhaom Titanic \Zmwf0if oDcsif;a&mif;cs
cJ&h rI? 1992 ckEpS u
f xGu&f cdS ahJ om
0pfeD[lpwef\ The Bodyguard
oDcsif;? 1992 ckESpfuyif xGuf&Sd
cJah om bDvaD &;qdik ;f &yfp\
f ome
Gave All oDcsif;rsm; a&mif;cscJh&
onfh pHcsdefESifh wlnDcJhaMumif; od
&ygonf/ 2012 ckESpf ESpfOD;ydkif;
Billboard xdyq
f ;kH rS&yfwnfEikd cf hJ
onfhtqdkawmfESpfOD;rSmt'JvfESifh
a*sqifrufZw
f YjkdzpfaMumif;od&onf/
46
u&mqpftm; csJvfqD;ESifUtNydKif vDAmyl;vf pdwf0ifpm;
vDAmyl;vftoif;onf *sL
Aifwyfpt
f oif;\ awmifyu
H pm;
orm;jzpfol u&mqpftm; csJvf
qD;? pyg;toif;wkdYESifhtNydKifac:
,l&ef pdwf0ifpm;aeaMumif; od&
onf/
vDAmyl;vftoif;onf *sL
Aifwyfpftoif;eJY oabmwlnDrI
&&Sdvdrfhrnf[k ,kHMunfxm;vsuf
&SNd yD; csJvq
f ;D ESihf pyg;toif;wkYd udk
ausmf j zwf u m u&mqpf t m;
ac:,lEkdif&ef BudK;pm;aevsuf&Sd
onf/ u&mqpfonf NyD;cJhonfh
2010 jynfhESpfu CSKA armfpukd
toif;xHrS aygif 14 oef;jzifh *sL
Aifwyftoif;okdY ajymif;a&TUvmcJh
oljzpfonf/ touf 27 ESpf&Sd
qmbD;,m;awmifyHupm;orm;
u&mqpfudk ref,t
l oif;uvnf;
NyD;cJo
h nfh atmufwb
dk mvtwGi;f
u ac:,l&efBudK;pm;cJhzl;aMumif;
od&onf/
csJvfqD;toif;refae*sm bkd
tuf&o
fS nf0v
D st
H m;ac:,l&efqE
jyif;jyaeaomfvnf;toif;ykdif&Sif
atb&mrkAd pfcs\
f oabmxm;t&
upm;orm;wpfO;D ukjd yefvnfa&mif;
wkwpf yl gvd*u
f vyf&eS [
f idk ;f
&S i f [ G m toif ; onf csJ v f q D ;
toif;\ tkdifA&DukdYpfwkdufppfrSL;
'a&mh b mtm; wpf y wf a ygif
267000 jzifh okH;ESpfpmcsKyfcsKyfqkd
&ef urf;vSr;f cJah Mumif; od&onf/
odkYaomf 'a&mhbmu vuf&Sd
Zefe0g&Dtajymif;ta&GUumvwGif
csJvfqD;toif;rS xGuf cGmOD;rnf
r[kwb
f &J moDuek t
f xdqufvuf
&SdaernfjzpfaMumif; twnfjyK
ajymMum;cJhonf/ 'a&mhbmu
]]uRefawmf y&dowftopfawG? t
awGYtMuHKopfawG?zdtm;topfawG
&Smcsif ygw,f/ csv
J q
f ;D toif;rSm
'D&moDukefwJhtxdaezkdY qE&Sdyg
w,f/uRefawmfh&JUtvkyf[m y&d
owfawGtay:rSmrlwnfygw,f/
uRefawmfqkdvkdcsifwmu csJvfqD;
toif;uaerxGufcGmao;vl;qkd
wmukdyg/ ZGefvtxd uRefawmf
'Dr&S adS erSmyg}}[k ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
wkwpf yl gvd*u
f vyf &Se[
f idk ;f
&Si[
f mG toif;onf csv
J q
f ;D toif;
\ jyifopfwkdufppfrSL; te,fvf
umukv
d nf;wpfywfaygifEpS o
f ed ;f
jzifh ac:,lxm;vsuf&o
dS nf/ csJvf
qD;toif;onf 'a&mhbmtm;
wpfESpfoufwrf;wkd; pmcsKyfcsKyf
qk d & ef urf ; vS r f ; cJ h a omf v nf ;
'a&mhbmu ESpfESpfpmcsKyfcsKyfqkd
&ef qE&SdaeaMumif; od&onf/
tm;upm;owif; twdktxGmrsm;
Zefe0g&DvtwGuf zDzmurmhabmvHk;tqifhrsm;udkxkwfjyefcJh&m
jrefrmtoif;onf tqifh&yfwnfrIajymif;vJcsufr&SdbJ urmhtqifh
172 &yfwnfvsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/ jrefrmtoif;onf tqifh&yf
wnfrt
I ajymif;tvJr&Sad omfvnf; a'owGi;f toif;rsm;jzpfonfh xdik ;f ?
tif'dkeD;&Sm;? AD,uferfESifh pifumyltoif;wdkYrSm tqifhrsm;toD;oD;us
qif;cJhonfudk awGU&onf/NyD;cJhonfhvu urmhtqifh 98 txd wuf
a&mufEikd cf ahJ om AD,uferftoif;rSm 101 odYk vnf;aumif;? xdik ;f toif;
rSm tqifh 124 odkYvnf;aumif;? tif'dkeD;&Sm;toif;rSm 143 odkY vnf;
aumif;? pifumyltoif;rSm 147 odkYvnf;aumif; toD;oD;usqif;
oGm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
rauG;toif;ESihf &wemyHt
k oif;wdYk \yGpJ OfwiG f uGi;f v,f'ikd \
f qH;k
jzwfcsufudk jyif;jyif;xefxefapm'uwufrIrsm;jyKvkyfcJhaom &wemyHk
toif;\ enf;pepf'gdkufwmjzpfol rpwm a&mbwftm;jrefrmEdkifiH
abmvHk;tzGJUcsKyf pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&;aumfrwDu wpfyGJy,fjypf'Pf
ESifh 'PfaiGusyf oHk;odef; jypf'PfcsrSwfcJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ xdkYtjyif
tqdkygyGJwGif wm0ef,ludkifwG,fcJhaom uGif;v,f'dkifjzpfol OD;vSrif;
tm;vnf; jrefrmae&Sife,fvd*fyGJpOf(3)tm; yGJMuD;Muyfapjcif;rjyK&ef
qHk;jzwfcJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
tm&SabmvHk;tzGJYcsKyfrS BuD;rSL;zGifhvSpfrnfh AFC Elite Education
Seminar 2012 odYk jrefrmEki
d if aH bmvH;k tzGUJ csKyfrw
S ufa&mufomG ;rnfjzpf
aMumif;od&onf/ ,if;oifwef;udk MFF rS jrefrmae&Sife,fvd*fwm
0efcHOD;0if;olrdk;ESifh vufaxmufenf;jy OD;atmifatmifxGef;wdkYwuf
a&mufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ OD;0if;olrdk;onf AFC \ "A" vdkifpifenf;jy
vufrSwf&&Sdxm;oljzpfNyD; OD;atmifatmifxGef;rSmvnf; ,cifujrefrmh
vufa&G;piftoif;vufaxmufenf;jytjzpfaqmif&GufcJhum vuf&Sd
wGif blEkdif;bk&ifhzvm;NydKifyGJ0ifrnfh ,l-21 toif;\vufaxmuf
enf;jytjzpf aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
[Hom0wD,El u
kd w
f uf(,cifOm,lEu
kd w
f uf)toif;\ enf;jy
a[mif;jzpfol qmAm*sDonf uarmZtoif;odkYajymif;a&GU&ef oabm
wlnDrI&&Sdxm;NyDjzpfNyD; uarmZtoif;wGif OD;at;armifMuD;? OD;oef;
xdkufwdkYESifhwGJ wm0efxrf;aqmifoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
,ckESpfwGifrS EdkifiHjcm;om;upm;orm;rsm; pwifac:,lcJhaom uarm
Ztoif;onf 2012 ckEpS f jrefrmae&Sief ,fv*d f yGpJ OfEpS yf u
JG pm;tNyD;wGif
ESpfyGJEdkif? &rSwfajcmufrSwfjzifh [Hom0wD,lEdkufwuftoif;ESifhtwl
trSwfay;Z,m;wGif xdyfqHk;ae&m&yfwnfvsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/
ay;Z,m;udk qufvufOD;aqmif
EdkifcJhonf/
rHk&GmuGif;wGif ,SOfNydKifupm;
cJhaomyGJpOf aZ,sma&Tajrtoif;
u 25 yGJqufwdkuf HI;yGJr&SdpHcsdef
wifxm;aom{&m0wD,lEdkufwuf
toif;udk (1-0)*dk;jzifh tEdkif&&SdcJh
onf/ aZ,sma&Tajrtoif;t
wGuf wpfv;kH wnf;aom tEdik *f ;kd
udk wdkufppfrSL;ausmfudkudku yif
e,fwDrSwqifh oGif;,lcJhjcif;jzpf
onf/
atmifqef;uGif;wGif ,SOf
NydKifupm;cJhaom [Hom0wD,l
Edkufwuftoif;ESifh toif;opf
csif;,lEdkuftoif;wdkYyGJpOfwGif
wpfzufwpf*dk;pDoa&uscJhNyD; y'k
rmuGif;wGif ,SOfNydKifupm;cJhaom
rauG;toif;ESifh &uyl&toif;
wdkYyGJpOfrSmvnf; *dk;r&Sdoa&yGJjzifh
NyD;qHk;oGm;cJhonf/
tm;upm;jydKifyGJ usif;ycJhykHrsm;?
jrefrmEkdifiHrS tm;upm;tzGJUcsKyf
toD;oD;\,SONf ydKicf MhJ uykrH w
S w
f rf;
"mwfykHrsm;ukd jyoxm;rnfjzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
jyyGJjyo&jcif;ESifhywfouf
(26)Budrfajrmuf ta&SUawmif
tm&Stm;upm;NydKifyGJwGif tdrf&Sif
,lusif;yrnfh (27)Budrfajrmuf
ta&SUawmiftm&S tm;upm;NydKif
yGJukd atmifjrifpGmusif;yEkdif&eft
wGuf wpfaxmifhwpfae&mrSyg0if
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvkdpdwfrsm;ay:
aygufvmap&ef &nf&G,fonf[k
vnf; pDpOfolrsm;xHrS od&dS&yg
onf/
48
*&dwfNAdwdefabmvHk;toif;wGif toif;
acgif;aqmiftjzpf wm0ef,lvdkaMumif;
a';Apfbufcrf 0efcHajymMum;
t*Fvef emrnfausmfupm;
orm;a';Apfbufcrfonfvmrnfh
2012 NAdwdeftdkvHypfwGifNydKifyGJ0if
rnfh *&dwfNAdwdefabmvHk;toif;
wGiyf g0if,OS Nf ydKifumtoif;acgif;
aqmif&mxl;ud&k ,lvakd Mumif;ajym
Mum;vdkufonf/
NyD;cJhonfh&ufydkif;twGif;u
LA *vufqDtoif;ESifhtwl ESpf
ESpf oufwrf;wdk;pmcsKyf csKyfqdkcJh
onfhbufcrfu toif;ESifhtwl
jyKvkycf o
hJ nfo
h wif;pm&Si;f vif;yGJ
wGif ,if;uJo
h Ykd ajymMum;cJjh cif;jzpf
onf/ touf 36 ESpft&G,f&SdNyD
jzpfonfh bufcrfu ]]*&dwNf Adwed f
toif;&JU toif;acgif;aqmif&m
xl;udk uRefawmftvGeftvdk&Sdyg
w,f/ t*Fvefvufa&G;piftoif;
udk OD;aqmifNyD; urmzh vm;NydKifyeJG YJ
,ldkNydKifyGJawGrSm ,SOfNydKifcJhzl;wJh
uRefawmfhtwGuf *&dwfNAdwdeft
oif;udkOD;aqmifNyD; tdkvHypfNydKifyGJ
rSm,SONf yKd icf iG &hf cJ&h iftvGeu
f aH umif;
wJu
h pm;orm;wpfO;D tjzpfrw
S ,
f l
Edkifygvdrfhr,f/ tdkvHypfNydKifyGJ[m
uRefawmfi,fpOfu BuD;jyif;cJhwJh
a'ojzpfwhJ vef'efta&SUzsm;a'o
rSm usif;yrSmjzpfvdkY uRefawmf
t&rf;pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeygw,f}}[k
ajymMum;cJhonf/ xdkYjyif bufcrf
u toif;ESifhpmcsKyfoufwrf;
rwdk;rD y&D;rD;,m;vd*ftoif;rsm;
\urf;vSr;f rIu&kd &Scd ahJ Mumif;vnf;
ajymMum;cJhonf/ bufcrfu y&D;
rD;,m;vd*frS toif;ESpfoif;u
if;tm; t*FvefajrwGif jyefvnf
ajccsEdkif&ef tcGifhta&;ay; urf;
vSrf;cJhaMumif;? odkYaomf rdrd\
rdom;pkrSm tar&duefwGif tajc
usaeNyDjzpfovkrd rd u
d ,
kd w
f ikd v
f nf;
LA *vufqDtoif;wGif upm;
ae&onfudk aysmf&Tifaeojzifh
toif;ESiphf mcsKyo
f ufwrf;wd;k cJjh cif;
jzpfaMumif;vnf;ajymMum;cJo
h nf/
*&dwfNAdwdeftoif;enf;jy p
wl;0yfy,
D mhuvnf; LA *vufqD
toif;wGiq
f ufaernfb
h ufcrf\
qHk;jzwfcsufudkcsD;usL;cJhNyD; tkdvH
ypfNydKiyf u
JG si;f ycsed w
f iG Mf uHch ikd rf jI ynf0h
aernfb
h ufcrf;\tajctaeut
oif;twGut
f vGet
f usK;d &Srd nfjzpf
aMumif;ajymMum;vdkufonf/
2012 vef'eftdkvHypfNydKifyGJ
twGuv
f jkH cHKa&;0wfpjkH ynfah vhusihf
rIrsm;udk vef'efNrdKU&Sdodrf;pfjrpft
wGi;f NyD;cJo
h nfMh umoyaw;aeYu
jyKvkyfcJhMuaMumif;od&Sd&onf/
Operation Woolwich Arse-
[k trnfay;xm;onfh
,if;avhusirhf w
I iG f t*Fvefa&wyf
om;rsm;ESifhtwl paumhwvef
,mh'&f w
J yfzUJG rSwyfom;rsm;twly;l
wGJyg0ifcJhMuonf/ ta&twGuf
tm;jzifh a&wyfom; 100 cefYESifh
&Jt&m&Sd 50 cefYyg0ifco
hJ nfh ,if;
avhusirhf u
I &kd ufowywfwpfywf
MumjyKvyk o
f mG ;rnfvnf;jzpfonf/
vef'eftdkvHypfNydKifyGJwGif vHk
jcHKa&;0efxrf; 25000 0ef;usicf efY
xm;&SdrnfjzpfNyD; pkpkaygif;toHk;p
&dwf aygif 553 oef;cefYtxd t
oH;k jyKrnfvnf;jzpfonf/ tdv
k yH pf
NydKifyGJ vHkjcHKa&; wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u
nal Pier
tdE,
d Ekid if H rGrb
f ikd ;f NrdKUwGijf zpfymG ;
cJo
h nf[
h w
kd ,ftydik pf ;D aomtMurf;
zufrrI sK;d jzpfymG ;rnfukd pd;k &draf eMu
onf/,ckavhusirhf \
I tkycf sKyfa&;
rSL;jzpfol vufaxmuf&Jrif;BuD;
c&pt,fvDqifu ]]trSeftwdkif;
ajym&&if odr;f pfjrpfqu
D ae pd;k &drf
p&maumif;wJt
h Murf;zufraI wGjzpf
vmzdYkutcGit
hf vrf;enf;ygw,f/
'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkY&JUwm0ef
awGudk taumif;qHk;wm0efaus
atmifaqmif&u
G o
f mG ;rSmyg/ odr;f pf
jrpf[mvef'efNrdKU&JUtonf;ESv;kH vdYk
ajymvdkY&NyD; 'Dae&m[m tdkvHypf
NydKify&JG UJ txifu&ae&mwpfcjk zpf
vmygvdrfhr,f/ 'DESpfaEG&moDu
awmh vef'efNrdKUtwGuf wjcm;aEG
&moDawGeYJrwlbJ wpfrx
l ;l jcm;ae
ygvdrfhr,f}}[k ajymMum;cJhonf/
vef'efNrdKUv,frS jzwfoef;
pD;qif;onfh odrf;pfjrpfonf O2
Arena tm;upm;uGif;teD;rSjzwf
oef;pD;qif;NyD;,if;tm;upm;uGi;f
wGif vef'eftv
kd yH pfNydKify\
JG uRr;f
bm;NydKifyrJG sm;udv
k ufcu
H si;f yrnf
jzpfonf/ xdYk jyiford ;f pfjrpftwGi;f
avSi,frsm;jzifh y&dowfrsm;ESifh c
&D;oGm;rsm;udo
k ,f,yl YkdaqmifrrI sm;
jyKvkyfrnfvnf;jzpfovdk odrf;pf
jrpfurf;yg;odkYvnf; y&dowfrsm;
pGmvma&muftyef;ajzMuvdrrhf nf
[k vHkjcHKa&;wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u cefY
rSe;f xm;Muonf/ tdv
k yH pfNydKifyt
JG
wGuf vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif
vHjk cHKa&;wyfom;rsm;ESit
hf wlwu
kd f
av,mOfrsm;? wdkufoabmFESpfpD;
ESit
hf wl ajrjyifraS 0[ifypf';kH ysrH sm;
vnf; yg0ifrnfjzpfaMumif;od&
onf/ xdkYjyifvdktyfygu NAdwdef
wyfrawmf\tultnDudkvnf;
&,lomG ;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
armif;uvyfwGifusif;yrnf jzpf
NyD;xdik ;f ? AD,uferf? pifumyl? vm
tdk? uarm'D;,m;EdkifiHrsm;rS um;
armif;orm; 20 OD;cefY yg0if,SOf
NydKifMurnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
jref r mEd k i f i H o nf tqd k y g
um;armif;NydKifyGJudk 2009 ckESpfu
vnf; tdrf&Siftjzpf vufcHusif;
ycJhzl;NyD; 2010jynfhESpf Edk0ifbm
ta&;,lydwfqdkh rIrsm;kyf
odrf;&eftar&dueftoifh&Sd
NyD; vTwfawmfuEdkifiH&JUbwf*suf
awGudk aoaocsmcsmpdppfray;Edkif
&iftqifrajybl;/ tJ'gudkaoao
csmcsmwdwu
d susppd pfay;Edik &f r,f/
ta&;MuD;qHk;aemufwpfckuawmh
a&;&maumfrwDawGtvkyfrjzpfvdkY
rjzpfbl;/ tJ'Da&;&m aumfrwDawG
touf0ifrS'Drdkua&pDppfudka&muf
r,f}}[ktMuHjyK aqG;aEG;cJhonf/
vT w f a wmf t aejzif h Ed k i f i H
wd;k wuf&eftwGuq
f ufvufaqmif
&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? tar&d
ueftxufvTwfawmftrwf vm
a&mufawGYqHk&mrSmvnf; wdkif;&if;
om;udk,fpm;vS,fawGa&SUrSmyJyGifh
yGifhvif;vif;aqG;aEG;aMumif;? vQKdU
0Sufp&mr&SdaMumif;? EdkifiHhtusKd;udk
qufvufaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpf
aMumif; jynfolYvTwfawmfOu|\
ajymMum;csurf sm;t& od&ygonf/
vGwfvyfNyD;w&m;rQw onhf
Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJusif;yay;
a&;tygt0if jrefrmt&yfom;tpd;k
&uom EdkifiHa&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI
rsm;qufvufvyk af qmifygutar
&duefjynfaxmifpktaejzifh ta&;
,lydwfqkdYrIrsm; kyfodrf;ay;&eft
oihf&SdaMumif; tar&dueftxuf
vTwfawmftrwfrsm;u jrefrmEkdifiH
odkYrvma&mufrD befaumufNrdKY
wGifa&muf&SdpOfajymMum;cJhonf/
*Refrufudef;? *sKd;qufzfvD
Amrif;efwkdYOD;aqmifaom 0g&ifh
tar&dueftxufvw
T af wmftrwf
rsm;onf jref r mEk d i f i H o d k Y rvm
a&mufrD 'DZifbmv 21 &ufaeYu
xkid ;f Ekid if w
H iG &f adS epOfowif;axmuf
rsm;udkajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
]]uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSmoHo,
r&Sdwmu vGwfvyfNyD;w&m;rQw
wJah &G;aumufyo
JG mjzpf&if ta&;,l
ydwq
f Ydk raI wGtqH;k owfzYkd urmay:
ub,fwdkif;jynfeJYrqdk yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufzkdYtoifhygyJ}} [k ruf
udef;u ajymMum;cJhonf/
Ref;VOA
a'pdk;rdk;a&;? vGwfvyfpGmxkwfazmf
ajymqdck iG ?hf a&;om;jzefYa0cGi?hf vGwf
vyfpGmpka0;cGifh ponfhtaMumif;
t&mrsm;udk wpfOD;csif;pDajymMum;
cJhonf/
tar&d u ef txuf v T w f
awmftrwf *Refrufudef;u]]ta&;
,lydwfqdkYrIawG kyfodrf;zdkYtwGuf
b,favmuftcsdef,l&r,f qdkwm
cefYrSef;&cufygw,f/'gu wdk;
xkid ;f Ekid if w
H iG jf yKvyk o
f nfrU aJ cgiaf 'o
pGrf;tifu@qkdif&m aqG;aEG;yGJwGif jrefrmEkdifiHESifU
ywfoufonfU pmwrf;av;apmifzwfMum;cJU
xkid ;f Ekid if w
H iG jf yKvkyo
f nfh rJ
acgifa'o pGrf;tifu@qkdif&m
nDvmcHwGif jrefrmEkdifiHESifhywf
oufNyD; pmwrf;av;apmifzwf
Mum;cJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
xkdif;EkdifiH? befaumuf? csL
vmavmifueG ;f wuov
dk w
f iG f Zef
e0g&Dv 18? 19 &ufrsm;wGifjyK
vkyfcJhonfh rJacgifa'opGrf;tif
u@qkdif&m nDvmcHwGif ''Current Power Sector Profile of
Myanmar"? '' Launch of China
Burma Project Unleashes Abuse
Across Burma"? "Rual Renew-
acgif;pOfrsm;jzifh jrefrmEkid if \
H pGr;f
tifu@?vQypf pfprG ;f tm;tp&So
d nf
rsm;ESifhywfouf pmwrf;zwf
Mum;cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/
tqkdygnDvmcHwGif rJacgif
a'oEkdifiHrsm;\pGrf;tif?vQyfppf
pGrf;tm;? jyefjynfhNrJpGrf;tiftp&Sd
onfhu@rsm;ESifhywfoufNyD; rJ
acgifa'owGif;EkdifiHrsm;ESifh EkdifiH
wumrSynm&Sifrsm;? ADB rSy
nm&Sirf sm;?*sme,fvpfrsm;uaqG;
aEG;ar;jref;cJMh uNyD; pmwrf;aygif;
ESpfq,fzwfMum;cJhaMumif;od&Sd&
ygonf/
rJacgifa'opGr;f tifu@qkid f
&mnDv
f mcHukd xkid ;f Ekid if t
H ajcpku
d f
Mekong Energy and Ecology
Network(MEE Net), Mekong
Studies Center,Institute of Asian
Studies,Chulalongkorn University, Finland Futures Research
Center(FFRC), University of
Turku wkdYu pkpnf;usif;ycJhjcif;
jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
ausmif;pmMunfhwkdufrsm;
zGUH NzdK;wk;d wufa&;ESiphf mzwf&edS jf rihf
wifa&;yGaJ wmfqak y;yGt
J crf;tem;
ukd Zefe0g&Dv 22 &ufaeYu Akv
d f
waxmifNrdKUe,f&Sd t.x.u(6)
Akdvfwaxmifausmif;&Sd atmif
ausmf c ef ; r usif ; yjyKvk y f c J h
aMumif; od&onf/
tcrf;tem;wGif usyef;p
um;ajymNydKifyGJ? txufwef;t
qifph mpDpmuk;H NydKify?JG tv,fwef;
tqifh pmpDpmukH; NydKifyGJESifh rlv
wef;tqifh uAsm&GwfqkdNyKdifyGJ
wGifqk&&SdcJhaom ausmif;om;
ausmif;olrsm;ukd qkrsm;csD;jrifh
ay;tyf c J h o nf / xk d Y tjyif
AkdvfwaxmifNrdKUe,f txuf
wef ; ausmif ; rsm;&S d ausmif ;
pmMunfhwkdufrsm;twGuf jrefrm
Ekid if pH mMunhw
f u
dk rf sm;azmifa';&Si;f ?
jrefrmEkid if pH mayESihf pme,fZif;tzGUJ ?
jyefMum;a&;ESifh jynfolYqufqH
a&;OD;pD;Xme? Eleven Media Group
rSEleven Exercises book 'gZif
150? pdwful;csKdcsKdpmaywkduf?
ynma&TawmifpmtkyfwkdufESifh
tjcm; vSL'gef;olrsm;rS pkpkaygif;
aiGusyf 94 odef; 9 aomif;ausmf
wef;zkd;&Sd pmtkyfpmapmifrsm;?
r*Zif;*sme,frsm;ESifh Avmpm
tkyfrsm; vSL'gef;cJhMuonf/
if;tcrf;tem;wGif usyef;
pum;ajymNydKifyGJwGif yxrqk&&Sd
cJholESifh rlvwef;tqifhuAsm
&GwfqdkNydKifyGJwGif yxr&&SdcJholwdkY
u jyefvnfokyfjywifqufcJh
Muonf / xk d Y aemuf yG J a wmf
usif;yvmrItajctaersm;tm;
AD'D,kdjzifhjyocJhNyD; ausmif;om;
ausmif;olrsm;rS ]]Zmwdrmef}} oD
csif;jzifhtcrf;tem;ukd ydwfodrf;
cJhaMumif; od&onf/
trsKd;om;ukefpnfjyyGJESifUum;jyyGJ av;&ufMumusif;ycJU
trsdK;om;ukefpnfjyyGJESifh
um;jyyGJBuD;ukd &efukefNrdKU r&rf;
ukefNrdKUe,f&Sd jrefrmuGefAif;&Sif;
pifwm(MCC)cef;r 2012 ckEpS f
Zefe0g&Dv 19 &ufaeY Zefe0g&D
v 22 &ufaeUtxd usif;ycJh
aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
tqkdyg trsKd;om;ukefpnf
jyyGJwGif jynfwGif;ukrPDrsm;rS
jycef; 200 ausmfESihf armfawmf
,mOfwifoiG ;f cGi&hf &Scd o
hJ nfu
h rk P
D
rsm;? vkyfief;&SifBuD;rsm;? um;
ajymMum;cJhonf/
t,fvf'donf NyD;cJhonhf
tywfuvnf;u rlbm&ufrSm
tD*spfavwyftBuD;tuJtjzpf
quf&Sdaeao;aomaMumihf ppf
cHkHk;wGifom ppfaq;oihfaMumif;
avQmufvJcJhao;onf/
w&m;vdkbufrS a&SYaersm;
url ,if; avQmufvJcsufudk
uefYuGufcJhMuNyD; rlbm&ufonf
'kwd,orwudk tmPmvTJcJhNyD;
uwnf;u orwr[kwfawmh
jcif;jzpfaMumif;jyefvnfavQmuf
vJcJhMuonf/
rlbm&ufEiS t
fh wlpcJG suf wif
cH & aom jynf x J a &;0ef B uD ;
a[mif; udk 23 &ufaeYwGifquf
vufMum;emppfaq;rnfjzpfonf/
rlbm&ufonf tusifhysuf
cspm;rI?qEjyolrsm;udkypfcwf
owfjzwf&eftrdefYay;rIrsm;jzihf
pGcJ suw
f ifcx
H m;&onf/Ref:CNN
0,fa&mif;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh um;
qufpyfypn;f ta&mif;qkid rf sm;rS
um;jycef;aygif; 100 ausmfyg
0ifjyoa&mif;cscahJ Mumif;od&onf/
trsKd;om;ukefpnfjyyGJrSm
jycef;rsm;taeeJYtv
D ufxa&mepf
ypnf;jycef;rsm;? tdrf&mta&mif;
jycef;rsm;?qufo,
G af &;oH;k ypn;f
jycef;rsm;? tvSukefypnf;jycef;
rsm;? uGefysLwmESifh qufpyf
ypnf;jycef;rsm;? ynma&;0ef
aqmifrIjycef;rsm;? vHkjcHKa&;oHk;
ypnf;jycef;rsm;tygt0iftjcm;
taxGaxG vlo;kH ukeyf pn;f jycef;
rsm; yg0ifa&mif;cscJhaMumif; od&
onf/
tqkdyg um;jyyGJwGif *syef?
ud&k ;D ,m;? xdik ;f ? tdE,
d ESifh wkwf
Edik if w
H Ykdrw
S ifoiG ;f aomum; trsK;d
rsKd;ESihf puf,E&m;trsKd;rsKd;? armf
awmfqidk u
f ,frsm;? um;tvSqif
ypnf;rsm;eJYum;tykdypnf;rsm;
ud k j yoa&mif ; cscJ h a Mumif ; od &
onf/
Zefe0g&D 24 (t*Fgaeh)
b,fvf*sD,H - Oa&my b@ma&;0efBuD;rsm; tpnf;a0;usif;yrnf/
ygupwef - ppfwyftmPmxdef;csKyf&eftwGuf tar&duefxHrS
tultnDawmif;cHcJhonfh tjiif;yGm;zG,f rSwfwrf;wpfckESifh
ywfoufNyD; w&m;a&;aumfr&Sifwpfcku Mum;emppfaq;rnf/
tar&duef - tar&dueforw tdkbm;rm; rdefhcGef;ajymMum;rnf/
axmuftulay;Edkifatmif ap
vTwfay;zdkYqE&Sdygw,f/ avm
avmq,fawmh jrefrmEdkifiHabm
vH;k tzGYJ csKyfxw
H ifjyxm;NyD; cGijhf yK
csuf&&ifawmhapvTwaf y;oGm;rSm
jzpfygw,f/olwYkd&UJ urf;vSr;f rIukd
vufc?H rcHqw
kd mZefe0g& v
D (31)
&ufaemufqHk;xm;NyD; taMumif;
jyef&rSmyg}}[k ajymMum;cJhonf/
awmifudk&D;,m;rS tlvfqefwuodkvfvufa&G;pifabmvHk;toif;jrefrmEdkifiHodkhvma&mufajcprf;yGJrsm;upm;rnf
awmifudk&D;,m;uvyfwpf
oif;jzpfaomtlvq
f efwuov
kd f
vufa&G;pifabmvH;k toif;onf
jrefrmEdik if o
H Ykd vma&mufajcprf;
yGJrsm;,SOfNydKifupm;&ef&SdaMumif;
od&onf/
tlvfqefwuodkvfvufa&G;
pifabmvHk;toif;onfvmrnfh
Zefe0g&Dv 31 &ufwGif &efukef
NrdKUodkYa&muf&SdvmrnfjzpfNyD; az
azmf0g&Dv 3 &uftxd aajcprf;yGJ
rsm;,SOfNydKifupm;&ef pDpOfxm;
aMumif;od&onf/jrefrmEdik if aH bm
vHk;tzGJYcsKyf(MFF)onftlvfqef
wuov
kd f vufa&G;piftoif;ESihf
ajcprf;upm;&eftwGuf blEdkif;
bk&ifhzvm;0ifrnfh jrefrmvli,f
toif;tm;t"dua&G;cs,x
f m;NyD;
jrefrmae&Sief ,fv*d u
f vyftoif;
tcsKYduv
kd nf;a&G;cs,x
f m;aMumif;
od&onf/
tlvfqefwuodkvftoif;
onf jrefrmEdkifiHodkYvma&muf
ajcprf;yGJrsm; upm;avh&Sdonfh
toif;wpfoif;jzpfNyD; aemufq;kH
vma&mufupm;xm;onfhESpfrSm
2010ckESpf? Zefe0g&DvtwGif;
ujzpf aMumif;od&onf/
[m;rm;pfacgif;aqmif&mxl;rScgvufruf&Sm;vfEkwfxGufrnf
zifvefwGif orwopfa&G;aumufyGJusif;y
zifvefEkdifiH\ yxrqHk;
trsKd;orD;orwtjzpf 12 ESpf
Mumxrf;aqmifcahJ om wm*sm[m
vdek efrmS oufwrf;ESpBf udrjf ynhcf hJ
NyDjzpfaomaMumifh zifvefEdkifiH
om;rsm;onfZefe0g&Dv 22 &uf
aeYwGif orwopfudka&G;cs,f&ef
rJay;cJhMuaMumif;od&onf/
[,fvekd iftay:axmufcrH I
tm;aumif;cJhMujcif;ESihftwl ol
tem;,lNyD;onhfaemufrnfolYudk
a&G;&rnfqdkjcif;rSm EdkifiHom;rsm;
twGuf 0d0g'uGJp&mjzpfaecJhNyD;
a&G;aumufyrJG mS wpfausmw
h nf;ESifh
yiftajzxGu&f efcufcaJ Mumif;avh
vmolrsm;uoHk;oyfMuonf/
,cka&G;aumufyGJwGif rJay;
cGihf&Sdonhf zifvefEkdifiHom; 4
'or 4 oef;eD;yg;&SNd yD;0ifa&muf
,SOfNydKifonhf orwavmif;&Spf
OD;&Sdonf[k od&onf/
zifvefwiG f orwudk wdu
k f
ajrtoif;ud\
k ajymif;a&GUaMu;tar
&duefa':vmav;ode;f rS ig;ode;f
Mum;ay;acsrnfjzpfNyD;ausmfuu
kd kd
taejzifh wpfvvsif a':vm
4000 rS 5000 Mum;&&Sdrnfjzpf
aMumif;od&onf/ aZ,sma&Tajr
toif;onf ,if;urf;vSrf;rIESifh
ywfouf jrefrmEdkifiHabmvHk;
tzGJYcsKyf(MFF)xHw&m;0ifwifjy
od&onf/ruf&Sm;vfEkwfxGuf
awmhrnfqo
dk nfah umvm[vrsm;
xGufay:aeonfrSm&uftwef
MumjyDjzpfaomfvnf;Zefe0g&Dv
21&ufaeYurSw&m;0ifajymMum;
csufxu
G af y:cJjh cif;jzpfonf/
2004ckESpfutpa&;\av
aMumif;wdu
k cf u
kd rf aI Mumifx
h pkd Ofu
[m;rm;pfacgif;aqmiftufb'Jvf
tZpft,fv&f efwpfqaD oqk;H jyD;
aemufruf&Sm;vfuif;\ ae&m
udq
k ufccH o
hJ nf/ Ref:CNN
Zefe0g&D 25 (Ak'[l;aeY)
tD*spf - orw [dpk eDrb
l m&ufukd jzKwcf sco
hJ nfh tH<k urI pwifco
hJ nfh
wpfESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwftwGuf vlxkpka0;rI jyKvkyf&ef
pDpOfxm;onf/
qGpfZmvef - urmh pD;yGm;a&;zdk&rf usif;yrnf/
0ef,l&ovkd ppfaoemywdcsKyf
vnf;jzpfonf/okdY&mwGifrMum
ao;rD u tajymif ; tvJ v k y f c J h
aomaMumifhorw\vkyfydkifcGihf
tmPmavsmhuscJhNyD;tpdk;&tzGJY
ESihf ygvDrefwGiftmPmydk&SdvmcJh
onf/
or w a&G ; aumuf y G J w G i f
trsK;d om;nGeYfaygif;ygwDro
S rw
Zefe0g&D 26 (Mumoyaw;aeh)
umZufpwef - EdkifiHwumqdkif&m tmumopcef;twGuf taxmuf
axmufyahH y;rnfh tmumo,mOfwpfpif;udk vTww
f ifomG ;rnf/
uGef*dk - Edk0ifbm 28 &ufaeYu usif;ycJhonfh tjiif;yGm;zG,f
a&G;aumufyGJ&vm'frsm;udk xkwfjyefaMunm&ef a&TYqdkif;xm;
onf/
Zefe0g&D 27 (aomMumaeh)
MopaMw;vs - e,l;ZDvef 0efBuD;csKyf *RefuD; oGm;a&mufrnf/
tDwvD - touf 17 ESpt
f &G,t
f ur,fwpfO;D ESihf vdiq
f ufqjH cif;
ESifh tqdkygrdef;uav;udk tultnDay;&eftwGuf tmPm
tvGJoHk;pm;jyKjcif; ponfh pGyfpGJcsufrsm;jzifh 0efBuD;csKyfa[mif;
bmvlpudkeDudk Hk;wifppfaq;rnf/
wkid o
f nfvnf; b@ma&;tusyf
twnf;udk&ifqdkifae&NyD;tvkyf
vufrJh 17 &mcdkifEIef;rQ&dSae&m
tzGJYtwGif;0ifa&mufjcif;jzihf pD;
yG m ;a&;ES i h f t vk y f t ud k i f t cG i h f
tvrf; ,ckxufyakd umif;rnf[k
arQmfvihfxm;Muonf/ Ref;AP
Zefe0g&D 28 (paeaeh)
Zefe0g&D 29 (we*FaEGaeh)
usL;bm; - usL;bm;uGefjrLepfygwD wnfaxmifcJhonfh 1965 tDoDdk;yD;,m; - tmz&duor* xdyfoD;aqG;aEG;yGJ usif;yrnf/
ckESpfaemufydkif; EdkifiHrl0g'udk acwfESifhtnDjyKjyifrGrf;rH &ef&nf tD*spf - txufvTwfawmftwGuf yxrtqifh qErJay;rIrsm;
&G,fNyD; ygwD\ yxrtBudrfnDvmcHudk usif;yoGm;rnf/
jyKvkyfrnf/
tD*spf - ygvufpwdkif;udpESifh ywfoufNyD; tm&yftzGJYcsKyf tpnf;
a0;usif;yrnf/
tD*spfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGiftpvmrpfrsm;
tEdik &f &Sad Mumif;aemufq;Hk &v'frsm;utwnfjyK
tD*spf\ordkif;0if tpvm
rpfEdkifiHa&;ygwDonf awmfvSef
a&;vGefumv yxrqkH;ygvDref
wGif tjywftowfomvGefaom
yrmPjzifh trwfae&mtrsm;qkH;
udk&&SdcJhaMumif; aemufqkH;&v'f
rsm;u Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYwGif
twnfjyKcJh&m tajccHOya'opf
wpfck\rlMurf;udk a&;qGJ&mwGif
vTr;f rd;k Edik o
f nfu
h @rSyg0ifEikd af wmh
rnfjzpfonf/
Muslim Brotherhood \
Freedom and Justice Party onf
atmufvTwfawmfwGiftrwfOD;a&
47&mcdkifEIef;&&SdcJhNyD;jyif;xefonfh
uG e f q maA;wpf Salafist Nour
Party utrwfae&m 25 &mcdi
k Ef eI ;f
&&SdcJhonf/ Muslim Brotherhood
onforwa[mif;rlbm&uf vuf
xufu ydwfyifcHcJh&aomfvnf;
vGefcJhonfhESpfujzpfay:cJhonfhvl
xkt<Hk urIjzpfay:NyD;aemufyikd ;f Edik if H
a&;rsufESmpmwGif t"duusaom
tiftm;pkBuD;wpfct
k jzpf xGuaf y:
vmcJhonf/ EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;
tm;vkH;ygvDref ta&;ygaom
tcef;u@wGif&SdrnfjzpfaMumif;
Freedom and Justice Party u
ajymMum;cJo
h nf/ tajccHOya'opf
a&;qG&J eftzGUJ wpfzUJG udyk gvDrefucefY
tyf&rnfjzpfonf/
Freedom and Justice Party
wkwf0efBuD;csKyf 0rfusm;
aygifu Zefe0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYu
jyKvkyfcJhaom tpnf;ta0;wpfck
]]wkwfwdkY\&moDwpfq,hfESpfck
teufta&;BuD;qHk;ESifh tav;
teuftxm;qHk;e*g;ESpfwGif pdef
ac:rIBuD;rsm;udk &ifqikd &f vdrrhf nf}}
[k ajymMum;cJyh gonf/
0efMuD;csLyf0rfonf EdkifiH\
pD;yGm;a&;tm; csrf;om<u,f0rIa0
rQjcif;jzihw
f ;kd wufap&rnf[v
k nf;
uwday;xm;onf/ 0ef BuD;csKyf
0rfu ,cktcsdef EdkifiHwumpD;
yGm;a&;onf &Iyaf xG;wif;usyf aom
tajctaejzp wkwfwdkYonf
q,fh ESpf B udrfajrmufi g;ESpfwm
pDrHudef;wGif aumif;aompwif
rIjzifhpwif&efvdkaMumif; ajymMum;
cJhonf/
or w [l u sif a wmif o nf
ygwDacgif;aqmif'kwd,oufwrf;
,ckEpS w
f iG u
f ek q
f ;kH rnfjzpfNyD; quf
cHolwpfOD;udk vTJay;&rnfjzpfum
'kwd,orw &SDusifyif;u quf
cHzG,f&Sdaeonf/ ygwDacgif;aqmif
opfjzpfvmrnfo
h o
l nf[\
l orw
ae&mudkvnf; 2013 ckESpf rwfv
wGif vTJ,l&rnfjzpfum 0rfusm;
aygifOD;aqmifaomtpdk;&tzGJYonf
vnf; &mxl;rStem;,lMurnfjzpf
Ref;AFP
onf/
orwqmvuf[w
f &m;pGq
J ckd &H jcif;rS
uif;vGwfcGifUjyKonfU Oya' ,DrifygvDreftwnfjyK
orwqmvuf[ftm;w&m;
pGJqdkcH&jcif;rS vkH;0uif;vGwfrIudk
aocsmaponft
h jiif;yGm;zG,Of ya'
wpf&yftm;,DrifygvDrefu Zefe
0g&Dv 21 &ufaeYutwnfjyKay;
cJhonf/
qmvuf[fu if;\vuf
axmufrsm;udk ta&;,lcH&jcif;rS
wpfpdwfwpfydkif; tumtuG,fay;
&eftwGuw
f u
d saomtajymif;tvJ
rsm;jyKvkyf&ef awmif;qdkaeojzifh
Oya'twnfjyKa&;rSm oDwif;ywf
rsm;pGmaESmifhaES;cJhonf/
w&m;pGq
J ckd &H jcif;rS uif;vGwf
cGifhjyKonfhtwGuf tjyeftvSef
taejzifh EdkifiHudk 33 ESpfausmftkyf
csKyfcJhaomqmvuf[fonf vm
rnfhvwGif &mxll;rSqif;ay;&rnf
jzpfonf/
qmvuf[ftm; w&m;pGJqdk
jcif;rS uif;vGwfcGifhjyKonfhOya'
onf Edik if t
H wGut
f aumif;qk;H a&G;
cs,frIjzpfjyD; ,cktcgjynfolrsm;
taejzifh ajymif;vJrIESifhzGHUjzdK;wdk;
wufru
I akd rQmMf unfEh ikd jf yDjzpfaMumif;